XVI. LIST OF COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES Listed below are the scientific and common names of all species identified in the text. The scientific name is usually provided (parenthetically) at the first usage of the common name; subsequently, the common name alone is used throughout the text. Scientific names are presented in taxonomic groupings to the Order, except for the Monera and Fungi, which are presented only by Phylum. Within Order, scientific names are presented alphabetically. The taxonomies were obtained from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (U.S. Department of Agriculture et al., 2005), the National Plant Data Center (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2005), the National Biological Information Infrastructure (U.S. Geological Survey, 2006), and the Systema Naturae 2000 (Brands, 2005). KINGDOM MONERA Phylum Bacteria Vibrio cholera Cholera bacterium KINGDOM FUNGI Phylum Ascomycota Cryphonectria parasitica Fusarium oxysporum Chestnut-blight fungus Fusarium (wilt) fungus Phylum Oomycota Phytophthora cinnamomi Cinnamon fungus Phylum Imperfecti Verticillium spp. Verticillium (wilt) fungus species KINGDOM PLANTAE Division Bryophyta Class Sphagnopsida Order Sphagnales Sphagnum spp. Bog moss species Division Pteridophyta Class Filicopsida Order Polypodiales Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive fern Division Coniferophyta Class Pinopsida Order Pinales Chamaecyparis thyoides Larix laricina Picea mariana Atlantic white-cedar Tamarack Black spruce 409 Order Taxales Taxus brevifolia Pacific yew Division Magnoliophyta Class Liliopsida Order Cyperales Carex pseudocyperus Carex spp. Cyperus spp. Distichlis spicata Eleocharis parvula Panicum spp. Phragmites australis Scirpus maritimus Scirpus robustus Spartina alterniflora Spartina patens Spartina spp. Zea mays Cypress-like sedge Sedge species Sedge species Spikegrass Dwarf spike rush Panic grass species Common reed Saltmarsh bulrush Stout bulrush Smooth cordgrass Salt-marsh hay Cordgrass species Corn Order Najadales Potamogeton spp. Triglochin maritimum Pondweed species Seaside arrowgrass Order Arales Lemna minor Lemna spp. Peltandra virginica Lesser duckweed Duckweed species Arrow arum Order Typhales Typha latifolia Typha spp. Broadleaf cattail Cattail species Order Liliales Pontederia cordata Pickerelweed Class Magnoliopsida Order Asterales Baccharis halimifolia Erechtites hieracifolia Eupatorium capillifolium Hieracium kalmii Iva frutescens Pluchea purpurascens Prenanthes racemosa Solidago spp. 410 Groundsel tree Fireweed Dog fennel thoroughwort Canada hawkweed Saltmarsh elder Saltmarsh fleabane Purple rattlesnake-root Goldenrod species Order Dipsacales Sambucus canadensis Viburnum dentatum Common elderberry Arrowwood Order Lamiales Pycnanthemum torrei Verbena hastata Torrey's mountain-mint Blue vervain Order Scrophulariales Fraxinus nigra Utricularia vulgaris Black ash Common bladderwort Order Solanales Nicotiana rustica Calystegia sepium Tobacco Hedge false bindweed Order Polygonales Polygonum cuspidatum Polygonum perfoliatum Polygonum hydropiperoides Polygonum spp. Japanese knotweed Mile-a-minute Swamp (or water) smartweed Smartweed species Order Theales Hypericum adpressum Creeping St. Johnswort Order Ericales Clethra alnifolia Leucothoe racemosa Sweet pepperbush Swamp fetterbush Order Malvales Hibiscus moscheutos Rose mallow Order Salicales Populus deltoides Populus spp. Salix discolor Eastern cottonwood Poplar species Pussy willow Order Fagales Alnus sp. Betula populifolia Betula spp. Castanea dentata Quercus bicolor Quercus coccinea Quercus lyrata Quercus palustris Alder species Gray birch Birch species American chestnut Swamp white oak Scarlet oak Overcup oak Pin oak 411 Order Hamamelidales Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum Order Juglandales Juglans nigra Black walnut Order Myricales Morella (Myrica) pensylvanica Northern bayberry Order Urticales Cannabis spp. Ulmus americana Hemp American elm Order Nymphaeales Brasenia schreberi Nuphar spp. Nymphaea odorata Water shield Water lily species Fragrant water lily Order Apiales Heracleum mantegazzianum Giant hogweed Order Cornales Nyssa sylvatica Blackgum Order Fabales Phaseolus vulgaris Robinia pseudoacacia Bean Black locust Order Myrtales Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife Order Rhamnales Rhamnus frangula Ampelopsis brevipedunculata European buckthorn Amur peppervine Order Rosales Aronia prunifolia Prunus serotina Rubus hispidus Sorbus aucuparia Spiraea tomentosa Purple chokeberry Black cherry Swamp dewberry European ash Steeplebush Order Linales Linum spp. Flax Order Sapindales Acer negundo Acer rubrum Box elder Red maple 412 Order Sapindales (continued) Ailanthus altissima Ptelea trifoliata Rhus spp. Tree-of-heaven Wafer ash Sumac species KINGDOM METAZOA Phylum Nematoda Class Phasmida Order Ascaridida Baylisascaris procyonis Raccoon roundworm Phylum Annelida Class Oligochaeta Order Haplotaxida Lumbricus spp. Lumbricus terrestris Earthworm species Common (European) earthworm Class Polychaeta Order Spionida Polydora ligni Whip mud worm Order Sabellida Terebrasabella hetrouncintata Phylum Arthropoda Class Arachnida Order Acarina Ixodes scapularis South African shell-boring sabellid Deer tick Class Insecta Order Orthoptera Blattella germanica German cockroach Order Diptera Calamomyia phragmites Lasioptera hungarica Lipara spp. Thrypticus spp. Common-reed gall midge European univoltine gall midge Gall fly species Petiole mining fly species Order Lepidoptera Lymantria dispar Ochlodes yuma Pyrgus wyandot Poanes viator Gypsy moth Yuma skipper Appalachian grizzled skipper Broad-winged skipper Order Coleoptera Anthonomus grandis Boll weevil 413 Order Coleoptera (continued) Galerucella calmariensis Galerucella pusilla Galerucella spp. Class Crustacea Order Decapoda Callinectes sapidus Crangon septemspinosa Hemigrapsus sanguineus Palaemonetes pugio Rhithropanopeus harrisii Uca spp. Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Order Myoida Mya arenaria Black-margined loosestrife beetle Golden loosestrife beetle Loosestrife beetle species Blue crab Sand shrimp Japanese shore crab Grass shrimp Estuarine mud crab Fiddler crab species Softshell clam Order Ostreoida Crassostrea virginica American oyster Order Unioida Alasmidonta heterodon Alasmidonta undulata Lampsilis cariosa Lasmigona subviridis Leptodea ochracea Strophitus undulates Dwarf wedge mussel Triangle floater Yellow lampmussel Green floater Tidewater mucket Creeper Order Veneroida Corbicula fluminea Dreissena polymorpha Macoma bathica Mytilopsis leucophaeata Mytilopsis sp. Potamocorbula amurensis Asian (Asiatic) clam Zebra mussel Baltic macoma clam False dark mussel False mussel species Amur River corbula clam Phylum Chordata Class Osteichthyes Order Acipenseriformes Acipenser brevirostrum Acipenser oxyrhynchus Shortnose sturgeon Atlantic sturgeon Order Clupeiformes Alosa aestivalis Alosa pseudoharengus Blueback herring Alewife 414 Order Clupeiformes (continued) Alosa sapidissima Alosa spp. Anchoa mitchilli Dorosoma cepedianum American shad Herring species Bay anchovy Gizzard shad Order Anguilliformes Anguilla rostrata American eel Order Cypriniformes Carassius auratus Cyprinus carpio Goldfish Carp Order Gadiformes Microgadus tomcod Tomcod Order Atheriniformes Menidia menidia Menidia spp. Atlantic silverside Silverside species Order Cyprinodontiformes Fundulus heteroclitus Mummichog Order Scorpaeniformes Cottus spp. Prionotus evolans Sculpin species Striped searobin Order Perciformes Centropristis striata Etheostoma spp. Micropogonias undulatus Morone americana Morone saxatilis Percina spp. Pomatomus saltatrix Black sea bass Darter species Atlantic croaker White perch Striped bass Darter species Bluefish Order Gobiiformes Gobiosoma bosc Naked goby Order Pleuronectiformes Paralichthys dentatus Pseudopleuronectes americanus Trinectes maculates Summer flounder Winter flounder Hogchoker Class Amphibia Order Urodela Ambystoma jeffersonianum Ambystoma opacum 415 Jefferson’s salamander Marbled salamander Order Urodela (continued) Gyrinophilus porphyriticus Northern spring salamander Order Anura Bufo terrestris Bufo woodhousii fowleri Southern toad Fowler’s toad Class Reptilia Order Chelonia Clemmys guttata Clemmys insculpta Clemmys muhlenbergii Kinosternon subrubrum Malaclemys terrapin Sternotherus odoratus Terrapene carolina Trachemys scripta Spotted turtle Wood turtle Bog turtle Eastern mud turtle Diamondback terrapin Stinkpot Eastern box turtle Red-eared slider Order Squamata Coluber constrictor Eumeces fasciatus Opheodrys vernalis Northern black racer Five-lined skink Smooth green snake Class Aves Order Podicipediformes Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed grebe Order Anseriformes Anas platyrhynchos Anas rubripes Anas strepera Aythya americana Branta canadensis Bucephala albeola Mallard Black duck Gadwall Redhead Canada goose Bufflehead Order Ciconiiformes Ardea alba Ardea exilis Ardea herodias Botaurus lentiginosus Egretta caerulea Egretta tricolor Ixobrychus exilis Nyctanassa violacea Nycticorax nycticorax Great egret Least bittern Great blue heron American bittern Little blue heron Tricolor heron Least bittern Yellow-crowned night heron Black-crowned night heron 416 Order Falconiformes Accipiter cooperii Accipiter gentiles Accipiter striatus Buteo lineatus Buteo platypterus Circus cyaneus Falco peregrinus Falco sparverius Haliaeetus leucocephalus Pandion haliaetus Cooper’s hawk Northern goshawk Sharp-shinned hawk Red-shouldered hawk Broad-winged hawk Northern harrier Peregrine falcon American kestrel Bald eagle Osprey Order Gruiformes Coturnicops noveboracensis Gallinula chloropus Rallus elegans Rallus longirostris obsoletus Rallus spp. Yellow rail Common moorhen King rail California clapper rail Rail species Order Charadriiformes Actitis macularia Bartramia longicauda Calidris alba Calidris alpina Calidris canutus Calidris minutilla Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Chlidonias niger Limosa fedoa Limosa haemastica Numenius phaeopus Phalaropus tricolor Rynchops niger Scolopax minor Sterna antillarum Sterna caspia Sterna dougallii Sterna hirundo Tringa arenaria Tringa solitaria Tryngites subruficollis Spotted sandpiper Upland sandpiper Sanderling Dunlin Red knot Least sandpiper Willet Black tern Marbled godwit Hudsonian godwit Whimbrel Wilson’s phalarope Black skimmer American woodcock Least tern Caspian tern Roseate tern Common tern Sanderling Solitary sandpiper Buff-breasted sandpiper Order Columbiformes Columba livia Rock dove Order Cuculiformes Coccyzus americanus Yellow-billed cuckoo 417 Order Cuculiformes (continued) Coccyzus erythropthalmus Black-billed cuckoo Order Strigiformes Asio flammeus Asio otus Strix varia Tyto alba Short-eared owl Long-eared owl Barred owl Common barn owl Order Caprimulgiformes Chordeiles acutipennis Chordeiles minor Lesser nighthawk Common nighthawk Order Coraciiformes Ceryle alcyon Belted kingfisher Order Piciformes Melanerpes erythrocephalus Red-headed woodpecker Order Passeriformes Agelaius phoeniceus Ammodramus caudacutus Ammodramus maritimus Ammodramus palustris Ammodramus spp. Cardinalis cardinalis Carduelis tristis Catharus fuscescens Catharus minimus Catharus ustulatus Cistothorus palustris Cistothorus platensis Corvus brachyrhynchos Dendroica caerulescens Dendroica castanea Dendroica discolor Dendroica petechia Dendroica virens Dolichonyx oryzivorus Dumetella carolinensis Empidonax minimus Eremophila alpestris Geothlypis trichas Hylocichla mustelina Icterus galbula Lanius ludovicianus Melospiza melodia Red-winged blackbird Sharp-tailed sparrow Seaside sparrow Swamp sparrow Sparrow species Northern cardinal American goldfinch Veery Gray-cheeked thrush Swainson’s thrush Marsh wren Sedge wren American crow Black-throated blue warbler Buff-breasted warbler Prairie warbler Yellow warbler Black-throated green warbler Bobolink Gray catbird Least flycatcher Horned lark Common yellowthroat Wood thrush Baltimore oriole Loggerhead shrike Song sparrow 418 Order Passeriformes (continued) Melospiza spp. Mimus polyglottos Molothrus ater Parula americana Passerculus sandwichensis Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Pooecetes gramineus Riparia riparia Spiza americana Sturnella magna Sturnus vulgaris Troglodytes tyroglodytes Vireo solitarius Vermivora pinus Wilsonia canadensis Class Mammalia Order Rodentia Castoroides ohioensis Mus musculus Neotoma magister Ondatra zibethicus Rattus norvegicus Sparrow species Northern mockingbird Brown-headed cowbird Northern parula Savannah sparrow Cliff swallow Vesper sparrow Bank swallow Dickcissel Eastern meadowlark European starling Winter wren Solitary vireo Blue-winged warbler Canada warbler Giant beaver House mouse Allegheny woodrat Muskrat Norway rat Order Chiroptera Myotis sodalis Indiana bat Order Lagomorpha Sylvilagus floridanus Eastern cottontail rabbit Order Proboscidea Elephas primigenius Mammut americanus Mammoth American mastodon Order Carnivora Canis familiaris Canis latrans Felis silvestris Lutra canadensis Mustela vison Procyon lotor Urocyon cinereoargenteus Vulpes vulpes Domestic dog Coyote Domestic cat River otter Mink Northern raccoon Gray fox Red fox Order Pinnipedia Phoca vitulina Harbor seal 419 Order Artiodactyla Bos taurus Cervalces scotti Odocoileus virginianus Rangifer tarandus Domestic cow Stag-moose White-tailed deer Caribou Order Primata Homo sapiens Human (modern) 420