Social Impacts due to Climate Change
Annotated Bibliography
Meghan Tucker
201015070
MSTM 4014 (Winter2021)
Fisheries and Marine Institute of
Memorial University of Newfoundland
March 19, 2021
Prepared for
G. White
Fisheries and Marine Institute of
Memorial University of Newfoundland
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Seddighi H, Yousefzadeh S, López M, et al Preparing children for climate-related
disasters BMJ Paediatrics Open 2020;4: e000833. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000833.
Through use of secondary sourced research, Seddighih, Yousefzadeh, López, and
Sajjadi highlight preparedness tactics for youth in relation to climate change. Hamed Seddighi
and Homeira Sajjadi are currently employed with the University of Social Welfare and
Rehabilitation Sciences. Sepideh Yousefzadeh is an affiliated researcher at UNU-MERIT and a
is post-doc researcher at the University of Groningen. Mónica López obtained her PhD in
Psychology at the University of Oviedo, Spain. She is an Associate Professor and Rosalind
Franklin Fellow at the Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences of the University of
Groningen, the Netherlands. Due to the high level of education surrounding the topic of child
welfare and their combined experience, they collaboratively are a credible which allows their
article to be credibly sourced. All sources cited used in this article can be considered reliable
and/or trustworthy.
With the rise of climate-related disasters, children’s health is increasingly at risk.
Seddighih, Yousefzadeh, López, and Sajjadi agree that children should be involved in the
climate change mitigation programmes. They argue that disaster preparedness programmes
should be developed and made available to include all children with varied circumstances
according to their vulnerabilities and exposures. Seddighih, Yousefzadeh, López, and Sajjadi
suggest innovative strategies using technology to aid in teaching youth of disaster awareness,
“It was shown that isolated school-based programmes increase disaster knowledge, but
behavioural change is not forthcoming. Virtual reality (VR) is a tool to facilitate disaster
education and preparedness for children, its effectiveness has been proved in many studies”
(Seddighi H, Yousefzadeh S, López M,2020).
Social effects from climate change are prevalent in the most vulnerable of population.
Preparing children for climate change related disasters assists their understanding of the
magnitude of the climate change problem and will bring forth further climate change combat
tactics throughout their generation. The need for this preparedness is unfortunate, however
necessary. This article is drawn from implicit connections to other sources, as it discusses
concepts for change and areas of potential improvement. The article is non-technical, as it does
not require significant background scientific or psychological knowledge. Preparing Children
for Climate-Related Disasters is available to the public via internet webpage source for any
persons of interest.
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McMichael, Anthony J, et al. “Climate Change and Human Health: Present and Future
Risks.” The Lancet, Elsevier, 9 Feb. 2006
The health of human beings is affected by climate change, either directly through
changing weather patterns, or indirectly through changes in water, air, food, ecosystems,
livelihoods, and infrastructure. Generally, these direct and indirect exposures can cause death
or disability. Ill-health increases vulnerability in humans and reduces the capacity of
individuals and groups to adapt to climate change. Human health is the most feared form of
social impacts because of climate change.
Anthony McMichael, head of the Environment, Climate, and Health research program
at Australian National University in Canberra, along with co-authors, Rosalie E Woodruff, and
Simon Hales explore in their article Climate Change and Human Health: Present and Future
Risks how greenhouse gases and global temperature increases prevents success of development
in human health. “Research so far has mostly focused on thermal stress, extreme weather
events, and infectious diseases, with some attention to estimates of future regional food yields
and hunger prevalence. An emerging broader approach addresses a wider spectrum of health
risks due to the social, demographic, and economic disruptions of climate change.”
(McMichael, Woodruff, Hales, 2006). Together, they review the epidemiological proof of
climate systems and how they affect health outcomes by use of secondary research.
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Tol, Richard S J. 2009. "The Economic Effects of Climate Change." Journal of
Economic Perspectives, 23 (2): 29-51.DOI: 10.1257/jep.23.2.29
Richard S. J. Tol is a professor of economics at the University of Sussex and is a
professor of the economics of climate change at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Tol
specialises in energy economics and environmental economics, with an interest in the
economics of global warming. His doctoral thesis surrounded analytics of economics because
of climate change, and in 1998 he contributed to a joint project for the United Nations
Environment Programme. Tol’s work regarding economic factors in relation to climate change
is credible. His article, The Economic Effects of Climate Change, is listed in the Journal of
Economic Perspective. This journal is available on public forum on the internet as a semitechnical document that offers an implicit connection to other research sources. He specifically
uses a semi- technical writing style to allow clear understanding to his readers but expects a
moderate level of scientific understanding from his readers. Tol’s article proves to be secondary
as it takes advice from primary sources research.
Tol reviews estimates of the total economic effects of climate change with a focus on its
cost and discusses large gaps in current research on this topic. He demonstrates how economic
study of the effects on climate change begins with some theories on future emissions, the extent
and pattern of global warming, and other possible aspects of climate change such as sea level
rise and changes in rainfall. The economic study, he explains, must then be translated using
either of two methodologies to form an economic relation, created by either Nordhaus or
Mendelsohn. Nordhaus method involves a summary statement based on estimates of physical
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effects resulting from climate change. For example, agricultural crop yields are paired against
market prices or economic models and then used to value the change in output, given climate
change predictions. Mendelsohn’s estimates are performed per sector for certain countries then
extrapolated to other countries and then added up, however, physical modeling is avoided.
There are many direct and indirect social impacts of climate change. Tol’s assessment
demonstrated how economics effects related to clime change are calculated and its impact on
society. He then proceeds to dissect a fourteen variable study and offers several conclusions.
Portions of the study include positive and negative effects of temperature increase, carbon
dioxide costs to natural resources and green house gas cost related projections based on high or
low concentrated areas. He ends his article with an educated conclusion stating that the cost in
relation to the study and global reduction of climate change effects is incomparable. He
suggests funding be offered to support research gaps. It is vital that efforts for renewable
energy continue and funding for such efforts be continuously granted.
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Anger-Kraavi, Annela, and Markkanen, Sanna. “Social Impacts of Climate Change
Mitigation Policies and Their Implications for Inequality.” Taylor & Francis. Mar 201
Dr Annela Anger-Kraavi is an active researcher of climate change economics and the
lead of a research group at the Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership. She is also a
Director of Studies in Economics at Downing College, Cambridge. Sanna is also a researcher
dealing with energy efficiency, and the social and economic impacts of the transition to low
carbon economy. Collectively, their research and semi-technical writing surrounding social
impacts of climate change are credible.
Annela and Sanna argue that some climate change mitigation measures are currently
underdeveloped. Many underrated and under guarded topics such as forest carbon markers are
likely to increase in importance, resulting in a need for stronger management of protection.
They also urge for stakeholders and policy makers to pay attention to the more vulnerable
groups in society. “Poor and marginalized population sub-groups that are highly exposed to the
negative impacts of climate change (and thus among the greatest beneficiaries of successful
efforts to limit global warming to 1.5–2°C), are also most vulnerable to the adverse effects of
poorly designed or inadequately implemented climate change mitigation policies.” (AngerKraavi, and Markkanen, 2019). As climate change occurs, social dislocation will occur.
Livelihoods, they explain, will be disturbed. As a result, the areas more affected by climate
change will be affected. Their research is a plea to spread awareness for justice and equality
during this transition from governments. Social effects of climate change are often
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undervalued, their article is a well researched point of view that will hopefully spread an
enlightening message.
Powers, Madison. “Water, Justice, and Public Health.” Oxford Handbooks Online, 9
Sept. 2019,
One of the most serious impacts of climate change is how it is affecting water resources
around the world. Water is intimately tied to other resource and social issues such as food
supply, health, industry, transportation, and ecosystem integrity. Madison Power is a professor
and Francis J. McNamara Jr. Chair in the Department of Philosophy in the College and a senior
research scholar at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Powers uses relevant and credible sources
in in secondary sources article Water, Justice, and Public Health.
“Secure access to clean water and water for other purposes is an important concern
within contemporary theories of social justice. Such theories assume that a just society is one
that provides favorable social conditions and sufficient resources for the secure realization of
the most important elements of well-being for its members” (Powers, 2019). Powers explores
social justice and examines human rights to clean water, and the challenges that arise because
of climate change. He explains how resources, like water, are considered indispensable if they
are needed for survival. Scarcity and absolute water scarcity of such resources result in a larger
toll on the work scope for governments. As climate change effects a government’s resources to
water, they are forced to reach out for international assistance. Powers examines the impact of
water shortages on government in relation to moral because of climate change.
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