Student Number
Abbotsleigh
2020
HSC TRIAL EXAMINATION
Physics
General
Instructions
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Total marks:
100
Reading time – 5 minutes
Working time – 3 hours
Write using black pen
Draw diagrams using pencil
Calculators approved by NESA may be used
A data sheet, formulae sheets and Periodic Table are provided at the
back of this paper
Write your Student Number at the top of this page and page 11, 21, 29
Section I – 20 marks (pages 3-9)
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Attempt Questions 1-20
Allow about 35 minutes for this section
Section II – 80 marks (pages 10-27)
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Attempt Questions 21-35
Allow about 2 hours and 25 minutes for this section
Section
Marks Allocated
I (multiple choice)
20
II (free response)
80
TOTAL
100
Module
Questions
Knowledge and Understanding
Working Scientifically Skills
Marks Awarded
Marks Awarded
1, 3-4, 11-15, 17-19
22-23, 26, 29, 33, 35
/43
2, 5-10, 16, 20
21, 24-25, 27, 28, 30-32, 34
/57
%
Section I
20 marks
Attempt Questions 1–20
Allow about 35 minutes for this part
Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1-20.
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1
This diagram shows the path Sam takes when she jumps up and off a diving board.
Which of the following graphs best shows how Sam’s vertical velocity changes over
time from when she first jumps until just before she lands in the water below?
2
A.
B.
C.
D.
The magnitiude of the acceleration due to gravity at Earth’s surface is g.
Planet Y has twice the mass and half the radius of Earth.
Which of the following best represents the magnitude of the acceleration due to
gravity on the surface of Planet Y?
A. ½ g
B.
g
C.
4g
D.
8g
2
3
A ball attached to a light string moves at a constant speed in a vertical circle as shown.
Which statement about the net force on the ball at different positions is correct?
A. The net force at point A is equal to the net force at point B.
B. The net force is zero at all points around the circle.
C. The net force at point A is greater than at point B.
D. The net force at point A is less than at point B.
4
A boy stands at the edge of a rotating table as shown in the diagram below.
Which force stops him from sliding off the table?
A. weight force
B. normal reaction force
C. static friction
D. kinetic friction
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5
A satellite of mass 50 kg moves from point A where the gravitational potential due to
Earth is -20 MJkg-1 to another point B where the gravitational potential is -60 MJkg-1.
Which of the following correctly represents the changes in the position and
gravitational potential energy of the satellite when it moves from A to B?
6
A.
closer to the Earth and a loss of 2000 MJ of gravitational potential energy
B.
closer to the Earth and a loss of 40 MJ of gravitational potential energy
C.
further from the Earth and a gain of 2000 MJ of gravitational potential energy
D.
further from the Earth and a gain of 40 MJ of gravitational potential energy
A wire with a current of 10 A is put between the poles of magnets as shown below.
What force does a 10 cm length of wire experience in a magnetic field of 4.0 x 10-4 T?
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A.
4 x 10-4 N into the page
B.
4 x 10-4 N out of the page
C.
4 x 10-2 N into the page
D.
4 x 10-2 N out of the page
Which of the following is not a possible pathway for an electron travelling at a
constant speed as it enters a uniform magnetic field.
A.
B.
C.
D.
4
8
Two parallel wires carry identical currents, I, as shown in the diagram below.
Which graph correctly shows the force between the wires as the distance changes?
9
A.
B.
C.
D.
An ideal transformer is made of a primary coil with 200 turns and a secondary coil
with 1000 turns. The input voltage applied to the transformer is shown below.
Which graph best represents the output voltage produced by this transformer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
5
10
A group of Physics students conduct a controlled experiment to investigate the
phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. The students place a coil within a uniform
magnetic field as shown in the diagram below.
The coil is spun at 50 revolutions per minute, 100 revolutions per minute and then 150
revolutions per minute, and maximum EMF is measured each time on an oscilloscope.
Which of the following best identifies the variables involved in this investigation?
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independent variable
dependent variable
controlled variable
A.
speed of rotation
strength of magnetic field maximum EMF
B.
speed of rotation
maximum EMF
strength of magnetic field
C.
maximum EMF
speed of rotation
strength of magnetic field
D.
maximum EMF
strength of magnetic field speed of rotation
Which of the following is not one of Maxwell’s contribution to the classical theory of
electromagnetism?
A.
unification of electricity and magnetism
B.
prediction of a spectrum of electromagnetic waves
C.
prediction of the speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum
D.
measurement of the speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum
Which information is NOT provided by the spectra of stars?
A.
density
B.
relative velocity
C.
distance from Earth
D.
chemical composition
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13
The spectrum of visible light emitted from a hydrogen vapour lamp is shown below.
Which colour corresponds to the spectral line indicated by the arrow above?
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15
A.
blue-green
B.
blue-violet
C.
red
D.
violet
Polarisation is a property of
A.
all types of waves.
B.
only sound waves.
C.
only transverse waves.
D.
only longitudinal waves.
Students are conducting a photoelectric effect experiment. They shine light of known
frequency onto a metal and measure the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted
photoelectrons.
What is the most likely effect if the intensity of the incident light is increased?
16
A.
lower maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons
B.
higher maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons
C.
fewer emitted photoelectrons but of higher maximum kinetic energy
D.
more emitted photoelectrons but of the same maximum kinetic energy
The peak frequency of light emitted by a star is 5.74 x 1014 Hz. What is the surface
temperature of this star?
A.
5.05 x 10-18 K
B.
5.23 x 10-7 K
C.
5.54 x 103 K
D.
5.55 x 103 K
7
Use the following information to answer Questions 17 and 18.
Anna and Barry have identical quartz clocks that use the precise period of vibration of quartz
crystals to determine time. Barry and his clock are on Earth. Anna accompanies her clock on a
rocket travelling at constant high velocity, v, past Earth and towards a space lab (which is
stationary relative to Earth), as shown in Figure 1.
17
Which of the statements correctly describes the behaviour of these two clocks?
A. The period of vibration in Anna’s clock (as observed by Anna) will be shorter than
the period of vibration in Barry’s clock (as observed by Barry).
B. The period of vibration in Anna’s clock (as observed by Anna) will be longer than
the period of vibration in Barry’s clock (as observed by Barry).
C. The period of vibration in Anna’s clock (as observed by Anna) will be the same as
the period of vibration in Barry’s clock (as observed by Barry).
D. Only the time on Barry’s clock is reliable because it is in a frame that is not moving.
18
When Anna is halfway between Earth and the space lab, she sends a radio pulse
towards Earth and towards the space lab, as shown in Figure 2.
As observed by Anna, which one of the following statements correctly gives the order
in which this signal is received by Barry and by the space lab?
A.
Barry receives the signal first.
B.
The space lab receives the signal first.
C.
The signal is received by Barry and the space lab at the same time.
D.
It is not possible to predict since special relativity applies to light not radio signals.
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20
Which of the following statements about the kinetic energy, Ek, of a proton travelling
at a relativistic speed is most accurate?
A.
The proton’s relativistic Ek is less than its classical Ek.
B.
The proton’s relativistic Ek is the same as its classical Ek.
C.
The proton’s relativistic Ek is greater than its classical Ek.
D.
The proton’s relativistic Ek and its classical Ek cannot be compared.
Millikan conducted a famous experiment involving the balancing of forces on a small
oil drops. In one of his trials, he concluded that there was no net force acting on an oil
drop with a charge of 9.6 x 10-19 C when placed in an electric field of 1.0 x 104 Vm-1.
What was the most likely mass of this oil drop?
A.
1.6 x 10-15 kg
B.
1.6 x 10-16 kg
C.
9.6 x 10-15 kg
D.
9.8 x 10-16 kg
9
BLANK PAGE
10
2020
Student Number
HSC TRIAL EXAMINATION
Physics
Section II Answer Booklet
80 marks
Attempt Questions 21-35
Allow about 2 hours and 25 minutes for this part
Instructions
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Write your Student Number at the top of this page.
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Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces provide guidance
for the expected length of response.
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Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.
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Extra writing space is provided at the back of this booklet. If you use this space,
clearly indicate which question you are answering.
Please turn over
11
Marks
Question 21 (5 marks)
A stone is thrown from the top of a 15 m high cliff above the sea at an angle of 30.0 to the
horizontal with an initial speed of 20.0 ms-1and negligible air resistance as shown below.
(a) Calculate the time taken for the stone to reach the sea.
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(b) Calculate the velocity of the stone immediately before it hits the sea.
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3
Marks
Question 22 (5 marks)
Engineers are designing a curve on a high-speed railway track. To prevent excessive wear and
for the comfort of passengers, it is important that the track be correctly banked so that there
are no sideways forces between the rail and the wheel of the train. This is shown below.
The radius of the curve is 2.0 x 103 m and the speed of the train is a constant 50.0 ms-1.
(a) On Figure 4b, draw two arrows to show external forces acting on the train and a
third arrow, marked Fnet, to show the net force on the train.
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(b) Calculate the angle of the bank, , of the track to the horizontal for there to be no
sideways force on the wheels by the track.
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Marks
Question 23 (6 marks)
Consider the following data about Charon which is a moon of Pluto. It is assumed that Pluto
is a uniform sphere and that Charon has a circular orbit.
mass of Pluto
1.3 x 1022 kg
radius of Pluto
1.2 x 106 m
mass of Charon
1.6 x 1021 kg
radius of orbit of Charon
1.8 x 107 m
(a) Calculate the period of orbit of Charon.
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(b) A spacecraft of mass 1500 kg is placed in an orbit of the same radius as Charon.
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Rick says that because the spacecraft is lighter, it will have to move at a greater
speed than Charon to maintain the same orbit.
Melissa says that the spacecraft will need to move at the same speed as Charon.
Nam says that the spacecraft will move at a lower speed as it is lighter than Charon.
Justify which of these students is correct. Detailed calculations are not necessary.
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3
Marks
Question 24 (4 marks)
This question refers to the diagram below of equipment. A student used it to determine the
effect of radius r on the orbital speed v of disc m1 in uniform circular motion.
She used the equipment to rotate the disc m1 in a circle at different values of radius r and
measured its orbital speed v using a motion sensor and data logger. At all times, she kept the
hanging mass m2 constant so that the centripetal force that its weight force provided on disc
m1 remained fixed at 1.47 N.
She obtained the following linear graph of her results.
Use the graph and your understanding of centripetal force to determine mass m1.
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4
Marks
Question 25 (6 marks)
An electric field accelerates a proton between two plates. The proton exits into a region of
uniform magnetic field of strength 4.0 x 10-2 T directed out of the page as shown below.
(a) Calculate the magnitude of the electric field strength between the plates.
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(b) Calculate the speed of the proton as it exits the electric field.
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(c) The experiment is repeated with a different accelerating voltage and the proton exits the
electric field with a speed of 1.0 x 106 ms-1.
Calculate the radius of the path of a proton in the same magnetic field.
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2
Marks
Question 26 (3 marks)
A student built a model of a simple DC motor with a particular commutator as shown.
(a) In which direction will the motor first spin from the position shown?
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(b) Another student says that it would be easier to use slip rings instead of the commutator.
Explain the effect that replacing the commutator with slip rings would have on the
operation of the motor, if no other change was made.
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2
Marks
Question 27 (6 marks)
A circular wire loop is placed near a long, straight wire carrying a constant current in the
direction shown. The loop moves three times:
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A – it rotates once, along the X-axis with resistor R initially moving out of the page
B – it moves parallel to the straight wire with constant speed
C – it moves away perpendicularly from the straight wire with constant speed.
Complete the table for motions A, B and C by sketching the emf induced in the loop and
indicate the direction of any induced current as clockwise, anticlockwise or not relevant.
Motion
Possible induced emf in the circular
loop with respect to time
A
B
C
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Direction of induced current
(clockwise/anticlockwise/none)
6
Marks
Question 28 (4 marks)
The diagram shows a generator at an electrical power station and subsequent transformers.
The voltage is stepped up to 5.0 x 105 V at transformer T1 which allows a 2.0 x 102 A current
to travel along the transmission wires which have a total resistance of 3.0 . Transformer T2
then steps the voltage down to 5.0 x 104 V at the substation.
(a) Calculate the total electrical power loss along the transmission wires.
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(b) Transformer T1 now only steps the voltage up to 250.0 kV instead of 500.0 kV.
Explain the effect of this change on the power loss in the transmission lines.
Calculations are not required.
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2
Marks
Question 29 (4 marks)
In terms of the physics principles that are involved in their operation, explain why an
AC induction motor is used more commonly than a simple DC motor in the household.
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4
Student Number
Marks
Question 30 (5 marks)
Sally and Simone conducted two experiments to examine some wave properties of light.
(a) In their first experiment, they used a laser and double slits as shown below.
If X is a dark band and the path difference S1X – S2X is 7.5 x 10-9 m, calculate the
wavelength of the laser light.
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(b) In their second experiment they passed the light from a heated discharge tube of mercury
through a diffraction grating containing 4000 lines/cm.
Calculate the angular separation of the second order spectral lines for light of
wavelength 656 nm and 410 nm.
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3
Marks
Question 31 (8 marks)
Students are investigating the photoelectric effect using the following apparatus.
Their graph of the maximum kinetic energy (Ek max) of the emitted photoelectrons versus the
frequency of the incident light is shown below.
(a) Using only the graphical data, determine the values the students would have obtained for:
(i)
Planck’s constant.
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(ii)
the maximum wavelength of light to cause the emission of photoelectrons.
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(iii)
the work function of the metal used in the photocell.
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(b) The work function for the original metal is 𝜙. On the graph above, draw in the line that
𝜙
would be obtained if a different metal with a work function of 2 is used instead.
2
22
Marks
Question 32 (5 marks)
The Hafele-Keating experiment conducted in 1971 was a test of Einstein’s relativity theories.
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Hafele and Keating took four atomic clocks aboard a commercial plane.
They flew twice around the world, first eastward, then westward, to obtain two different
sets of results.
When reunited, the clocks from the plane had different readings from an atomic clock left
on the ground.
The time differences were consistent with the values they predicted using relativity as
shown below.
Atomic clock serial number
120
361
408
447
Average value  error
Predicted value  error
Time difference (ns)
Eastward
Westward
-57
277
-74
284
-55
266
-51
266
-59  10
273  7
-40  23
275  21
(a) What THREE steps did Hafele-Keating take to ensure the validity of this experiment?
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(b) What TWO aspects of the method helped with the reliability of this experiment?
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2
Marks
Question 33 (5 marks)
Compare Thomson’s and Millikan’s experiments.
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5
Marks
Question 34 (5 marks)
The energy-level diagram for sodium is shown in the diagram below.
(a) Draw an arrow on the energy-level diagram to demonstrate the atomic energy level
transition that results in the emission of a 1.65 eV photon.
(b) What is the shortest possible wavelength of a photon that can be emitted when the
atom decays from the n = 5 level to the ground state?
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(c) A student reported observing a spectral line corresponding to 2.5 eV. In terms of the
quantised states of the atom, explain why this would be impossible.
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2
Marks
Question 35 (9 marks)
How has quantum theory been applied to explain both matter and energy?
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Section II extra writing space
If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering.
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Student Number
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet (Questions 1-20)
Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely.
Sample:
2+4=
(A)
2
A
(B)
6
B
(C)
8
(D)
C
9
D
If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new answer.
A
B
C
D
If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then indicate the
correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows.
correct
A
Question
B
C
D
1
A
B
C
D
2
A
B
C
D
3
A
B
C
D
4
A
B
C
D
5
A
B
C
D
6
A
B
C
D
7
A
B
C
D
8
A
B
C
D
9
A
B
C
D
10
A
B
C
D
11
A
B
C
D
12
A
B
C
D
13
A
B
C
D
14
A
B
C
D
15
A
B
C
D
16
A
B
C
D
17
A
B
C
D
18
A
B
C
D
19
A
B
C
D
20
A
B
C
D
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BLANK PAGE
30
2020
HSC TRIAL EXAMINATION
31
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