‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺰﺭﻉ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﺘﻚ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﳋﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺘﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺃﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ ‪Roof cultures‬‬
‫› ﻫﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺮﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﺫﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬
‫› ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬
‫› ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺮﺑﺔ ‪ Soilless Culture‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﰲ ﳏﺎﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﰐ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﳊﺼﻰ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺺ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺱ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﲑﻣﻴﻜﻴﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﲑﻟﻴﺖ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﺸﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺮﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻮﻑ ﺍﳋﺒﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﲦﺎﺭ ﳔﻴﻞ ﺟﻮﺯ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺶ ﺍﳌﻀﻐﻮﻁ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫› ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺻﻮﺭ ﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺻﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﲡﺎﺭﺏ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔﻧﺎﺳﺎ‬
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‫ﺍﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﻭﺍﺕ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺭﻋﺔ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻜﺜﻔﺔ ﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻭﻟﺔ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﺋﻖ ﺃﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺎﻥ ﺧﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺃﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺑﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻵﻥ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫›ﳍﺎ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ )ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ – ﺻﺤﻴﺔ –‬
‫ﺇﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ – ﺇﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫›ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺣﻠﻮﻻﹰ ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻰ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ؟‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻣـــــﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺇﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ ﺇﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ )ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫› ﺗﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﶈﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻐﺬﻯ ﺍﱃ‪:‬‬
‫›ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺣﻪ‪open systems :‬‬
‫›ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﻠﻘﻪ‪closed systems :‬‬
‫› ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ‪:‬‬
‫›ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﻣﺎﺋﻴﻪ ‪Hydroponic‬‬
‫›ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻴﻪ ‪Aeroponic‬‬
‫›ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ ‪substrate culture‬‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻫﻰ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﳕﻮ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﰲ‬
‫ﳐﺎﻟﻴﻂ ﺑﻨﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻮﻱ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻏﲑ ﻋﻀﻮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫›ﺃﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‪:‬‬
‫›ﺗﻘﺴﻢ ﺑﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺑﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫›ﺃ‪ -‬ﺑﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫›ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺱ‬
‫‪1‬ـ ﻛﻞ ﻡ‪ 3‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﺰﻥ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 70 : 60‬ﻛﺠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪2‬ـ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ‪‬ﺎ ﳓﻮ ‪ %95‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪3‬ـ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ 1‬ـ ‪ %2‬ﺭﻣﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪4‬ـ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 15‬ﻣﺮﺓ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻭﺯ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪5‬ـ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻣﻀﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟـ ‪pH‬ﺎ ﻟﻨﺤﻮ‪. 3,8‬‬
‫‪6‬ـ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺳﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﻴﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ‪150‬ﻣﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺊ‪100/‬ﺟﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟـ ‪pH‬ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ‪. 7‬‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺟﻮﺯ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺟﻮﺯ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻐﲑ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺎ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﻄﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﺪﻡ ﺳﺮﻳﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﻴﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﲟﺎ ﳛﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﳉﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫›ﺍﻟﻔﲑﻣﻴﻜﻴﻮﻟﻴﺖ ‪Vermiculite‬‬
‫› ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﲑﻣﻴﻜﻴﻮﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫› ‪1‬ـ ﺍﻟﻔﲑﻣﻴﻜﻴﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺎﻣﻀﻲ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ‪.‬‬
‫› ‪2‬ـ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﻤﺔ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫› ‪3‬ـ ﻛﻞ ﻡ‪ 3‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﺰﻥ ﳓﻮ ‪75‬ـ‪ 150‬ﻛﺠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫› ‪4‬ـ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﲢﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫› ‪5‬ـ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻟﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﺗﻴﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻣﻦ ‪ 22,5 -19‬ﻣﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺊ‪100/‬ﺟﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺋﻖ‪.‬‬
‫› ‪6‬ـ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﻏﻨﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﺗﺎﺳﻴﻮﻡ ﺗﻜﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻹﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﳕﻮﻩ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻟﻴﺖ ‪Perlite‬‬
‫ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﲑﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻌﻘﻤﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺎﹰ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻟﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﺗﻴﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺫﺍﺕ ‪ pH‬ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪.7,5‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
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