Unconscious/Conscious Casualty Assessment
ABCDE
Always Ensure The Scene Is Safe
Manage by
Primary Survey
Look, Listen, and Feel for
Airway
Look for Foreign objects
Gurgling sound :- Liquid
Snoring sound :- Tongue
Look for tight fitting clothes, neck chains
Wheezing
Stridor
Remove blockage
Suction fluid
Head tilt chin lift /Jaw Thrust/ Chin lift
Loosen
OP if still snoring
Breathing
FIT Oxygen at the earliest opportunity
Check for no more than 10 seconds Rate, Depth and Regularity :Normal rate 12-20
Nasal Flaring
Tracheal Tugging
Use of Neck Muscles
Symmetry (Chest)
Intercostal Muscle Recession (Chest)
See-saw Movement (Chest and Abdomen)
Inability to speak/ finish a sentence
Colour
Circulation
Check pulse for no more than 10 seconds
12/15Lts per min, inflate reservoir bag
Mental note of breathing
Check for Increased effort of
breathing, Indicates time critical casualty
R,S,R
Look for Major Bleeding
Pulse:- Rate, Strength and Regularity :- normal rate 60-100
Capillary Rate
(2 seconds normal)
Skin Colour
(Face & Body)
Temperature
(Face & Body above and below collarbone)
If cold cover with blanket
Mental note of results
Dysfunction/Disability
A.V.P.U
Alert, Verbal command, Pain, Unresponsive Check Eyes :assessment of pupils, Dilation, Constriction, Unequal, Mis-shapen
Examination/Exposure
Mental note of result
Rapid Head to Toe Check
Head for bleeding, deformities, swelling, fluids from ears/nose
Neck for bleeding, tracheal deviation
Chest, expose kill zone, blood , crepitus
Abdomen, press on 4 quadrants looking for rigidity or tenderness
Pelvis, Examine only once, tenderness, bleeding, deformity
Check for priapism (males)
Extremities, bleeding, crepitus, deformity
Only expose what is necessary and re-cover
immediately, if cold.
Watch casualties face for signs of
discomfort
Take note of injuries
A cervical collar can be applied at any point after ‘C’
SFRS NTC / TRAUMA
Manage By
Extended Primary Survey
Airway
Monitor Airway
Look for Foreign objects
Gurgling sound
Snoring sound
Wheezing
Stridor
Check patency of airway
Remove blockage
Suction fluid
Jaw thrust/ Chin Lift/ Head Tilt Chin lift
OP if still snoring
Check Oxygen Mask/ cylinder
Breathing
Monitor non-rebreather mask
Take a minute to assess Rate, Depth and Regularity :normal rate 12-20
Nasal Flaring
Tracheal Tugging
Use of Neck muscles
Symmetry (Chest)
Intercostal Muscle Recession
See-saw Movement
Inability to speak/ finish a sentence
Skin Colour
Observe mask :- still misting, deflating
1/3
Record Observations
Increased effort of breathing
Indicates time critical casualty
Circulation
Recheck Bleeding/ Dressings
Take a minute to assess pulse
Rate, Strength and Regularity :- normal rate 60-100
Temperature (Face, Body, above & below)
Capillary Rate
2 Seconds normal
Skin Colour (Face & Body above and below collarbone)
Deal with Major Bleeding
If cold cover with blanket
Record Observations
Dysfunction/Disability
AVPU
Alert, Verbal command, Pain, Unresponsive
Eyes:- assessment of pupils, Dilation, Constriction, Unequal, Misshapen
Record Observations of AVPU & pupils
check.
If Deterioration is found, check
Oxygen mask & supply
Examination/Exposure
Detailed head-to-toe body check
Head, Bleeding/Fluids, Bruising, Burns, Swelling, Soft area’s, Deformities,
Check Pupils
Neck Bleeding, Bruising, Burns, Tracheal Deviation, Distended neck veins
Chest, Chest movement, Bleeding, Bruising, Burns, Crepitus, Paradoxical
motion
Abdomen , Bleeding, Bruising, Burns, Clothing imprints, Rigidity,
Tenderness and distension
Extremities, Bleeding, Bruising, Burns, Tenderness, Crepitus, Deformity,
Pulses
Obtain AMPLE history :- Allergies, Medication, Past Medical History, Last
Oral Intake, Extra’s.
Keep casualty warm/cool as appropriate
SFRS NTC / TRAUMA
Only expose what is necessary and recover immediately.
Watch casualties face for signs of
discomfort
Take note of injuries
Hand over to medical team
M – MECHANISM OF INJURY
I - INJURIES FOUND
S – SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
T - TREATMENT