HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES STONE AGE Archeological findings show that modern man from Asian mainland first came over land on across narrow channels to live in Batangas and Palawan about 48,000 BC. STONE AGE Settlements They formed settlements in: Sulu Bulacan Davao Batangas Zamboanga Laguna Samar Rizal Negros Cagayan INVENTIONS INVENTIONS 40,000 BC simple tools and weapons of stone flakes methods of sawing and polishing stones 3,000 BC adzes ornaments of seashells and pottery pottery flourished for the next 2,000 years until they imported Chinese porcelain copper, bronze, iron and gold metal tools and ornaments IRON AGE lasted from 300 BC to 1100 AD extraction, smelting and refining of iron from ores, until the importation of cast iron from Sarawak and later from China. IRON AGE INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES INVENTIONS & DISCOVERIES cotton weaving making glass ornaments cultivating lowland rice and dike fields of terraced fields utilizing spring water in mountain regions building boats for trading purposes. building warships called caracoa suited for inter-island trade raids. 10TH CENTURY AD 10TH CENTURY A.D TRADING AGREEMENTS Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with Champa (Vietnam) those from Ma-I (Mindoro) with China Chinese records containing several references to the Philippines regular trade relations between the Philippines, China and Vietnam from the 10th century to the 15th century A.D. TRADING Challenges The people of Ma-I and San-Hsu (Palawan) traded bee wax, cotton, pearls, coconut heart mats, tortoise shell and medicinal betel nuts, panie cloth for porcelain, leads, fishnets sinker, colored glass beads, iron pots, iron needles and tin. BEFORE THE SPANIARDS Filipinos were already engaged in activities and practices related to science forming primitive or first wave technology. curative values of some plant how to extract medicine from herbs alphabet and a system of writing a method of counting and weights and measure. no calendar but counted the years by the period of the moon and from one harvest to another. BEFORE THE SPANIARDS SPANISH REGIME The later part of the 16th century SPANISH REGIME Development of Schools Development of Schools Colegio de San Ildefonso – Cebu 1595 Colegio de San Ignacio – Manila 1595 Colegio De Nuestra Senora del Rosario – Manila 1597 Colegio de San Jose – Manila 1601 Development of Hospitals San Juan Lazaro Hospital – the oldest in the Far East was founded in 1578 Development of Hospitals 17th and 18th CENTURY Successive shipwrecks and attacks of pirates on the galleons led to declining profits from the trade that led to economic depression in Manila during the later part of the 17th century 17th and 18th CENTURY Real Sociedad Econimica de los Amigos Del Pais de Filipinas Governador-General Jose Basco y Vargas in 1780 research in agriculture and industry cultivation of indigo, cotton, cinnamon and silk industry 17th and 18th CENTURY 1789 Manila was opened to Asian shipping era of increase in export rice, hemp, tobacco, sugar, and indigo imports of manufacturing goods 17th and 18th CENTURY The 19th CENTURY In 1863, the colonial authorities issued a royal degree to reform the existing educational system The 19th CENTURY 1871 the school of medicine and pharmacy was opened to the University of Santo Tomas after 15 years, it had granted the degree of Licenciado en Medicina to 62 graduates The licentiate degree equivalent to a master degree was granted Bachelor’s degree in pharmacy to its first six graduates, included Leon Ma. Guerrero considered was the father of Philippine Pharmacy due to his works on Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. There were no school for engineering but they offered nautical four-year course for pilot of merchant marine that includes the subjects: Arithmetic Physics Algebra Hydrography Geometry Meteorology Trigonometry Navigation Pilotage Higher education was generally viewed with suspicion as encouraging rebellion among native Filipinos and thus, only few daring students were able to undertake higher studies. The expanded world trade and commerce in the later part of the 19th century led to the rapid development of Manila as cosmopolitan center. Modern amenities such as steam tramways, waterworks, newspaper, electric lights, banking system were introduced in 19th century. Jesuits promoted meteorological studies founding Manila observatory at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1865.
