INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS
IN STATISTICS
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History of Statistics
• started around 1749
although, over time,
there have been
changes to the
interpretation of the
word statistics.
Source: WIKIPEDIA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_statistics
https://www.vecteezy.com/vector-art/155836-free-linear-webstatistics
STATISTICS
In early times, the meaning
was restricted to information
about states
The word:
Statistik political science (German)
Statisticus- of state affairs(New Latin)
It was originally designated as the analysis of data
about the state, signifying the "science of state"
Source: WIKIPEDIA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_statistics
Development of Statistics
• Abraham de Moivre and Carl Gauss
(1667 – 1774)
Works and contributions:
Approximation to the binomial probability
distribution, which, as the normal or Gaussian
distribution, became the most fruitful single
instrument of discovery used in probability theory
and statistics
Development of Statistics
• Adolf Quetelet (1796 – 1874)
Works and contributions:
He was the first person to apply
the statistical normal distribution to characteristics
of human populations and introduced the heightweight measure we know today as the body mass
index.
-known now as the Father of Modern Statistics
Development of Statistics
• Sir Francis Galton and Karl Pearson
(19th Century)
Works and contributions:
- Galton made numerous contributions to
biometrics and statistics, including
introducing the concepts of correlation(index
of correlation) and of regression towards the
mean
Karl Pearson
• He has been credited with establishing the
discipline of mathematical statistics.
• He developed measures of correlation and
discovered the chi‐ square distribution and
used it for tests of goodness of fit and
association in contingency tables.
Sir Ronald Fisher (20th Century)
• He contributed both to the mathematical
theory of statistics and to its applications,
especially to agriculture and the design of
experiments – a great impact on the
contemporary statistical procedures