PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speechsounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the linguistic properties of speech-sounds – how they function in language Articulatory Phonetics Auditory Phonetics Acoustic Phonetics Articulatory Phonetics Auditory Phonetics Acoustic Phonetics phones phonemes allophones phones phonemes allophones phones sounds of language Segments • How thin can you slice language? • • • • • sentence phrase word syllable letter ... ? Letters ? cat rat cat cot cat cap minimal pair Letters ? cat coat caught kVt code keyed kVd right write rite rVt Segments • How thin can you slice language? • • • • • sentence phrase word syllable letter ....... phone phones sounds of language phones phonemes allophones minimal pairs cat cat cat rat cot cap top lip code stop milk cold significant cat meaning cat non-predictable cat rat cot cap non-significant top lip structure code predictable stop milk cold PHONEMES ALLOPHONES cat cat cat rat cot cap top lip code stop milk cold phones sounds of language • phonemes significant sound differences • allophones non-significant sound differences phoneme allophone / / [ ][ ] phoneme allophone from http://www.hi.is/~peturk/KENNSLA/02/TOP/phonemes.html Usually, of course, the different ALLOPHONES of the same PHONEME are all similar to each other they form a FAMILY of sounds. But we mustn't fall into the trap of thinking that ALLOPHONIC difference is small while PHONEMIC difference is large. There is actually no real difference between these differences! We can see this by the fact that the same difference can be allophonic in one language, and phonemic in another. seat sheet massive machine basic nation She is fine as morn in May, mild, divine and clever. Like a shining summer’s day she is mine for ever. Sr. Sigurður Norland í Hindisvík Mitsubishi Subaru phoneme allophone Subaru Mitsubishi this theatre think this thought þ ð þ þessi þýðing þessi þýðing
