Please write clearly in block capitals.
Centre number
Candidate number
Surname
_________________________________________________________________________
Forename(s)
_________________________________________________________________________
Candidate signature _________________________________________________________________________
I declare this is my own work.
GCSE
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
Living with the Physical Environment
Monday 18 May 2020
Morning
Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes
Materials
For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
 a pencil
 a rubber
 a ruler.
You may use a calculator.
Question
1
2
Instructions


3
Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
4
5
Answer all questions in Section A and Section B.
TOTAL
Answer two questions in Section C.


Mark
You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each
page or on blank pages.
Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.
Information






The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
The total number of marks available for this paper is 88.
HIC is a higher income country.
LIC is a lower income country.
NEE is a newly emerging economy.
Spelling, punctuation, grammar and specialist terminology will be assessed in Question 01.12.
(JUN208035101)
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ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
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For the multiple-choice questions, shade the circle next to the correct answer.
CORRECT METHOD
WRONG METHODS
If you want to change your answer you must cross out your original answer as shown.
If you wish to return to an answer previously crossed out, ring the answer you now wish to
select as shown.
Section A
The challenge of natural hazards
Answer all questions in this section.
Question 1
0 1
.
1
The challenge of natural hazards
Which one of the following statements about tropical storms is true?
Shade one circle only.
[1 mark]
A Tropical storms gain energy as they reach land.
B Tropical storms develop along the Equator.
C Tropical storms occur in areas of high pressure.
D Tropical storms form above oceans where temperatures are
over 27 ºC.
Question 1 continues on the next page
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Study Figure 1, a graph showing the number of tropical storms (typhoons) that
reached Japan in each month from 1851 to 2018.
Figure 1
70
60
50
Number of
typhoons
40
30
20
10
0
0 1
.
2
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
Month
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
The total number of typhoons reaching Japan was 204.
What percentage of the total number of typhoons occurred in August?
Give your answer to the nearest whole percentage.
[2 marks]
Show your working
____________________________
0 1
.
3
%
Give one reason why tropical storms have a seasonal pattern.
[1 mark]
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Study Figure 2, a satellite image showing Cyclone Idai approaching Mozambique,
Africa in March 2019.
Figure 2
30° E
40° E
35° E
45° E
15° S
15° S
Mozambique
Beira
20° S
20° S
25° S
25° S
N
0
30° S
30° E
0 1
.
4
35° E
40° E
500 km
Key
Settlement
Describe the structure of Cyclone Idai shown in Figure 2.
[2 marks]
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6
Study Figure 3, information about Cyclone Idai and its impacts on Mozambique.
Figure 3
Before cyclone
After cyclone
Key
Settlement
Flooding
created
‘inland
oceans’
River Pungwe
Tica
Tica
Mafambisse
Mafambisse
Dondo
Dondo
River Buzi
Beira
Bandua
10 km
0
Nova Sofala
Beira
Bandua
N
0
10 km
Nova Sofala
N
Cyclone Idai
Wind speeds of up to
200 km per hour
Over 150 mm of rain
in 24 hours
1300 deaths
Over 1 million people
displaced
90% of city of Beira
damaged or destroyed
Cholera outbreak, with
5000 people affected
Total damage US$2.2
billion
Mozambique data
GNI US$1153
per person per year
80% of the population
lives on less than
US$2 a day
0 1
.
5
Suggest why some tropical storms have severe primary and secondary effects.
Use Figure 3 and your own understanding.
[6 marks]
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Extra space ______________________________________________________________________
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Question 1 continues on the next page
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Study Figure 4, a map showing the distribution of earthquakes in and around Japan.
Figure 4
N
Key
Plate boundary
Direction of plate
movement
City
Strength
(Richter
Scale) = 3 4 5 6
7
8
9
Eurasian
Plate
Pacific
Plate
Tokyo
Kobe
Philippine
Plate
(08)
0
200 km
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0 1
.
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6
Using Figure 4, which one of the following statements is true?
Shade one circle only.
[1 mark]
A Most of the stronger earthquakes happened on land.
B Most earthquakes happened to the east and south east of Japan.
C Most earthquakes around Japan were over 7 on the Richter Scale.
D No earthquakes greater than 5 on the Richter Scale happened to the
west of Japan.
0 1
.
7
Using Figure 4, name the type of plate margin between the Pacific and Eurasian
plates.
[1 mark]
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
0 1
.
8
Suggest one other tectonic hazard likely to occur near to the plate margins shown in
Figure 4.
[1 mark]
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___________________________________________________________________________________
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0 1
.
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9
Explain how the risks of a tectonic hazard can be reduced.
[4 marks]
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0 1
.
1 0
State one source of evidence for long-term climate change during the Quaternary
period.
[1 mark]
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Study Figure 5, a world map showing projected global temperature change between
2000 and 2100.
Figure 5
90° W
180°
0°
90° E
180°
60° N
60° N
30° N
EQ
30° N
Equator
EQ
30° S
30° S
60° S
60° S
180°
90° W
Key
.
1 1
90° E
180°
Temperature change in °C
0
0 1
0°
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
EQ = Equator
Using Figure 5, which one of the following statements is true?
Shade one circle only.
[1 mark]
A The greatest increase in temperature will be along the Equator.
B Most of Africa will have a rise in temperature of between
0 ºC and 0.5 ºC.
C The oceans will show a greater increase in temperature than
land areas.
D Areas north of 60 ºN will have the greatest increase in temperature.
Question 1 continues on the next page
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12
Study Figure 6, photographs showing strategies used to manage climate change.
Figure 6
Mitigation strategies
Carbon capture
Alternative energy
Adaptation strategies
Adjusting to rising sea levels
(12)
Growing drought-resistant crops
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0 1
.
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1 2
‘Managing climate change involves both reducing causes (mitigation) and
responding to change (adaptation).’
Do you agree?
Explain your answer.
Use Figure 6 and your own understanding.
[9 marks]
[+3 SPaG marks]
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End of Section A
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15
Section B
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The living world
Answer all questions in this section.
Question 2
0 2
.
1
The living world
For a small scale ecosystem you have studied, name one producer and
one consumer.
[2 marks]
Producer _____________________________________
Consumer ____________________________________
0 2
.
2
What is the role of producers in an ecosystem?
[1 mark]
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___________________________________________________________________________________
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Study Figure 7, which shows annual climate data for two different environments.
Figure 7
Place A
Month
Rainfall
(mm)
Average
temperature
(ºC)
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
3
2
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
4
7
8
16.0
16.7
17.9
18.6
20.3
21.4
23.3
23.9
23.3
22.3
20.1
15.4
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
11
16
28
26
17
19
18
2.6
6.2
5.1
1.0
– 4.9
Place B
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Rainfall
16
20
21
12
9
(mm)
Average
temperature –14.0 –14.5 –13.3 –10.6 –3.5
(ºC)
0 2
.
3
–8.7 –12.2
Using Figure 7, calculate the temperature range in Place A.
[1 mark]
____________________________________________________________________
0 2
.
4
ºC
Using Figure 7, state two differences between the climate in Place A and Place B.
[2 marks]
1 _________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2 _________________________________________________________________________________
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0 2
.
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5
Which global ecosystem matches the following description?
An area with trees which drop their leaves in winter.
Shade one circle only.
[1 mark]
A Tundra.
B Tropical grassland.
C Deciduous forest.
D Tropical rainforest.
Question 2 continues on the next page
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Figure 8 shows strategies to reduce the risk of desertification in the Sahel, Africa.
Figure 8
The Great Green Wall tree-planting scheme
0
Key
‘Great Green Wall’ of trees
500 km
N
Total distance: 7775 km
Total area:
11 662 500 hectares
Sahara
Mauritania
Senegal
Building rock walls (bunds)
Mali
Burkina
Faso
Niger
Chad
Nigeria
Djibouti
Eritrea
Sudan
South
Sudan
Ethiopia
Figure 9 shows strategies used to balance the needs of economic development and
conservation in cold environments.
Figure 9
Wildlife conservation
Water pipes raised above
the ground in Svalbard
The Alaskan
Wildlife
Conservation
Centre
(AWCC) is
dedicated to
preserving
Alaska’s
wildlife
through
research,
education,
conservation
and animal
care.
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0 2
.
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6
Suggest how different strategies are used to reduce environmental damage in either:


an area on the fringe of a hot desert or
a cold environment.
Use Figure 8 or Figure 9 and your own understanding.
[6 marks]
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Question 2 continues on the next page
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Study Figure 10, a newspaper article about wildfires in Brazil in August 2019.
Figure 10
Brazil wildfires release stored carbon, scientists warn
2019 has seen an increase in illegal burning in the Brazil rainforest as farmers and
loggers use fires to clear land. Scientists warn that these fires are a major threat to
global climate.
River A
Key
Capital city
Active wildfires
22 – 23 Aug
mazon
Brazil
Atlantic Ocean
Bolivia
Brasilia
Argentina
N
0
0 2
.
7
300 km
Using Figure 10, give one feature of the pattern of wildfires in Brazil.
[1 mark]
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0 2
.
Do not write
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8
Outline one reason why wildfires are a threat to global climate.
[2 marks]
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Question 2 continues on the next page
Turn over 8
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Study Figure 11, which shows some causes of deforestation in tropical rainforests.
Figure 11
0 2
.
Shifting cultivation
Palm oil plantation in Indonesia
Ecotourism resort in the Amazon
Hydro-electric dam in Brazil
9
‘Some economic activities in tropical rainforests have major environmental impacts.’
Do you agree?
Use Figure 11 and a case study to explain your answer.
[9 marks]
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Extra space ______________________________________________________________________
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End of Section B
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24
Section C
Do not write
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Physical landscapes in the UK
Answer two questions from the following:
Question 3 (Coasts), Question 4 (Rivers), Question 5 (Glacial).
Question 3
Coastal landscapes in the UK
Study Figure 12, opposite, a physical map of the British Isles.
0 3
.
1
Match the following descriptions of coastal landscapes in the UK with the correct
letter shown on Figure 12.
[2 marks]
Description of coastal landscape
Letter
An uneven coastline with several large islands offshore
A headland which marks the coastal limit of the South Downs
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Figure 12
Key
Orkney
Islands
N
Uplands and
mountains
River
North
Minch
Outer
Hebrides
E
National borders
Moray
Firth
North
West
Highlands
Don
Dee
1183
Carn Eige
Skye
Grampian Mountains
Inner
Hebrides
1343
Ben Nevis
Mull
Tay
Firth of Tay
Forth
Ochil
Hills Firth of Forth
Firth of Lorn
Atlantic Ocean
Tweed
Firth of
Clyde
Southern Uplands
Antrim
Mtns
Mourne
Mtns
A
Cheviot
Hills
North Sea
Tyne
Isle
of Man
Derwent
Morecambe
Bay
Liverpool
Bay
Wharfe
Menai
Strait
Ouse
Aire
Mersey
Don
Derwent
1085
Snowdon
Lincolnshire
Wolds The
Wash
B
The Fens
Great Ouse
Avon
Cambrian
Mtns
Wye
Brecon
Beacons
Celtic Sea
Exmoor
Tamar 612 High Exe
Willhays
Cotswolds
Chiltern
Hills
Thames
North Downs
Mendip Salisbury Plain
Hills
Strait
of Dover
South Downs
Bodmin
Moor Dartmoor
Land’s
End
Trent
Severn
Cardigan
Bay
100 km
Yorkshire
Wolds
Pennines
Anglesey
D
North Yorkshire
Moors
Swale
Scafell
Pike 978
Irish Sea
Republic
of Ireland
843
Merrick
Pennines
893 Cross Fell
Solway Cumbrian
Tees
Firth
Mtns
Lough
Neagh
Erne
Pentland
Hills
Clyde
Islay
0
Highest point (m)
1000
Spey
Isle
of Wight
C
English Channel
Question 3 continues on the next page
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Study Figure 13, an image showing a coastal realignment scheme at Medmerry,
West Sussex.
Figure 13
Shingle
beach
Shows area
at high tide
0 3
.
2
Using Figure 13, state what has happened to the area behind the shingle beach at
high tide.
[1 mark]
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0 3
.
3
Suggest one advantage of the coastal management strategy shown in Figure 13.
[1 mark]
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Study Figure 14, a graph showing rates of erosion at a coastal site between
2000 and 2018.
Figure 14
3.5
3.0
2.5
Rate of
erosion
(metres 2.0
per year)
1.5
1.0
0.0
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Year
0 3
.
4
Using Figure 14, what is the projected rate of erosion for 2030?
[1 mark]
_______________________________________________
0 3
.
5
metres per year
Explain the benefits of using hard engineering strategies to protect the coastline.
[4 marks]
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Extra space ______________________________________________________________________
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Turn over 8
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Study Figure 15, a photograph of part of Dorset, and sketch maps showing changes
in the shape of a coastline over time.
Figure 15
Before
After
Sea
Sea
Key
(28)
Harder rock
Beach
Softer rock
Wave-cut platform
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0 3
.
Do not write
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6
Explain the formation of the physical features of the coastline shown in Figure 15.
[6 marks]
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End of Question 3
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30
Question 4
Do not write
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River landscapes in the UK
Study Figure 16, opposite, a physical map of the British Isles.
0 4
.
1
Match the following descriptions of rivers in the UK with the correct letter shown on
Figure 16.
[2 marks]
Description of river
Letter
A river which flows west from the Pennines into Liverpool Bay
A river which flows north east through the Fens and into the Wash
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Figure 16
Key
Orkney
Islands
N
Uplands and
mountains
River
North
Minch
Outer
Hebrides
National borders
Moray
Firth
North
West
Highlands
Don
Dee
1183
Carn Eige
Skye
Grampian Mountains
Inner
Hebrides
1343
Ben Nevis
Mull
Tay
Firth of Tay
Forth
Ochil
Hills Firth of Forth
Firth of Lorn
Atlantic Ocean
Clyde
Islay
A
Firth of
Clyde
Mourne
Mtns
843
Merrick
Cheviot
Hills
B Tyne
North Sea
Isle
of Man
Derwent
Morecambe
Bay
Liverpool
Bay
Wharfe
Mersey
Don
CDerwent
1085
Snowdon
Trent
Lincolnshire
Wolds The
Wash
Severn
E
Cambrian
Mtns
Celtic Sea
Exmoor
Tamar 612 High Exe
Willhays
The Fens
Great Ouse
Avon
D
Wye
Brecon
Beacons
Cotswolds
Chiltern
Hills
Thames
North Downs
Mendip Salisbury Plain
Hills
Strait
of Dover
South Downs
Bodmin
Moor Dartmoor
Land’s
End
Yorkshire
Wolds
Aire
Anglesey
Menai
Strait
Ouse
Pennines
Cardigan
Bay
100 km
North Yorkshire
Moors
Swale
Scafell
Pike 978
Irish Sea
Republic
of Ireland
Tweed
Pennines
893 Cross Fell
Solway Cumbrian
Tees
Firth
Mtns
Lough
Neagh
Erne
Pentland
Hills
Southern Uplands
Antrim
Mtns
0
Highest point (m)
1000
Spey
Isle
of Wight
English Channel
Question 4 continues on the next page
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Study Figure 17, a photograph showing river straightening along the River Cuckmere
in East Sussex.
Figure 17
0 4
.
2
Using Figure 17, describe the relief (height and shape of the land) on either side of
the straightened river.
[1 mark]
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
0 4
.
3
Suggest how the strategy shown in Figure 17 helps to manage the river.
[1 mark]
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Study Figure 18, a graph showing maximum discharge for a river between
2000 and 2018.
Figure 18
25
20
Maximum
discharge 15
(in cubic
metres per 10
second)
5
0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
Year
0 4
.
4
Using Figure 18, calculate the range of maximum discharge.
[1 mark]
_______________________________________________
0 4
.
5
cubic metres per second
Explain how river levées are formed.
[4 marks]
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Extra space ______________________________________________________________________
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Study Figure 19, information about Cockermouth and the impact of Storm Desmond
in December 2015.
Figure 19
Flood risk factors
 340 millimetres of
rain fell in the area
in 24 hours.
 Cockermouth is
located at the
confluence (meeting
point) of two rivers.
 The surrounding
landscape consists
of steep hills.
 Many homes and
businesses are built
on the flood plains
of the local rivers.
0 4
.
6
Explain how physical and human factors may affect flood risk.
Use Figure 19 and your own understanding.
[6 marks]
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Extra space ______________________________________________________________________
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End of Question 4
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36
Question 5
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Glacial landscapes in the UK
Study Figure 20, opposite, a physical map of the British Isles.
0 5
.
1
Match the following descriptions of glaciated uplands in the UK with the correct letter
shown on Figure 20.
[2 marks]
Description of glaciated upland area
Letter
A mountainous area that includes the highest point in Wales
A large mountainous area in Scotland where the highest point is
over 1300 m
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Figure 20
Key
Orkney
Islands
N
Uplands and
mountains
River
North
Minch
Outer
Hebrides
North
West
Highlands
Don
Dee
A
Grampian Mountains
Inner
Hebrides
1343
Ben Nevis
Mull
Tay
Firth of Tay
Forth
Ochil
Hills Firth of Forth
Firth of Lorn
Atlantic Ocean
Tweed
Firth of
Clyde
C
Southern Uplands
Antrim
Mtns
Mourne
Mtns
Cheviot
Hills
Isle
of Man
B
Morecambe
Bay
Liverpool
Bay
Derwent
Wharfe
Mersey
E Don
Derwent
Trent
The Fens
Wye
Brecon
Beacons
Exmoor
Tamar 612 High Exe
Willhays
Wash
Great Ouse
Avon
Celtic Sea
Lincolnshire
Wolds The
Severn
Cambrian
Mtns
Cotswolds
Chiltern
Hills
Thames
North Downs
Mendip Salisbury Plain
Hills
Strait
of Dover
South Downs
Bodmin
Moor Dartmoor
Land’s
End
Yorkshire
Wolds
Aire
1085
Snowdon
D
Ouse
Pennines
Anglesey
Menai
Strait
North Yorkshire
Moors
Swale
Cardigan
Bay
100 km
North Sea
Tyne
Scafell
Pike 978
Irish Sea
Republic
of Ireland
843
Merrick
Pennines
893 Cross Fell
Solway Cumbrian
Tees
Firth
Mtns
Lough
Neagh
Erne
Pentland
Hills
Clyde
Islay
0
Highest point (m)
1000
Spey
1183
Carn Eige
Skye
National borders
Moray
Firth
Isle
of Wight
English Channel
Question 5 continues on the next page
Turn over 8
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Study Figure 21, a contour map and cross section showing 6 drumlins labelled A–F.
Figure 21
N
36
30
20
B 10
42
40
30
20
10
A
Key
20 23
10
C
D
Contour (metres)
22
Maximum
height (metres)
34
30
20
10
31
22
30
20
10
10 20
0
10
100 200 300 m
E
F
Section through a drumlin
Ice movement
0 5
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2
Describe the shape of the drumlins shown in Figure 21.
[1 mark]
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0 5
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3
Using Figure 21, calculate the mean maximum height of the 6 drumlins.
[1 mark]
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0 5
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4
Using evidence from Figure 21, suggest the general direction of movement of ice
when the drumlins were formed.
[1 mark]
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5
Explain how glaciated areas in the UK provide economic opportunities.
[4 marks]
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Extra space ______________________________________________________________________
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Question 5 continues on the next page
Turn over 8
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Study Figure 22, a photograph and diagram showing landforms of glacial erosion.
Figure 22
Pyramidal peak
Arête
Arête
Arête
Corrie
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0 5
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6
Explain how glacial processes have created the landforms shown in Figure 22.
[6 marks]
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Extra space ______________________________________________________________________
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END OF QUESTIONS
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