History of Chess: Milestone Chaturanga – 4 divisions Sha- king Shah mat- checkmate 550 AD > Originated in India 600 AD > First reference to chess in a Persian manuscript describes chess coming to Persia from India 700 AD > Date of first undoubted chess pieces. 800 AD > Moors bring chess to Spain and Sicily 900 AD > Early Muslim chess masters, asSuli and al-Lajlaj write works on the technique of chess 10000 AD > Chess widespread in Europe, including Russia 1300 AD > First European comments on chess in sermons and stories. 1475-1500 > Birth of the modern game: especially new moves for queen and bishop. 1495 > First printed chess book. 1497 > First printed chess book to survive to the present day 1600 > First professional player-writers 1780s > First master games to be recorded as they were played 1836 > First chess magazine 1849 > First US chess tournament 1851 > First international chess tournament 1866 > First match to be timed by clock 1883 > First tournament to use specially designed chess clocks. 1886 > First acknowledge world championship match. July 20, 1924 > World Chess Federation (FIDE) was founded in Paris 1999 > FIDE was recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) October 2019 > There are approximately 190 member federations of FIDE Chess set up “White on the right”: this helps you to remember the right way to place the chessboard in front of you. A light square should be on your right-hand side. Chess pieces 8x8 squares (light/white – dark/black) • • • • • • 8 pawns 2 knights 2 rooks 2 bishops 1 queen 1 king Movement – Chess Pieces The Rook (5 pts) - A major piece - Moves as many squares as it likes left or right horizontally, or as many squares as it likes up or down vertically. (as long as it isn’t blocked by other pieces) - An easy was to remember how a rook can move is that it moves like a “+” sign. The Bishop (3 pts) - A minor piece and is worth three points - Move diagonally as many squares as it likes, as long as it is not blocked by its own pieces or an occupied square. - The bishop moves in an “X” pattern - Diagonally The Knight (3 pts) - A minor piece Jump over another piece The knight can capture only what it lands on, not what it jumps over The Queen (9 pts) - Major piece Most powerful White = d1 Black = d8 - Movement: straight line vertically (up and down), diagonally, horizontally (left and right) The King - Most important chess piece. White’s king is located on e1 Black’s king starts on e8 Capture: one square horizontally, vertically, diagonally Check: king is under threat Checkmate: a king cannot escape Pawn - - Is the least valuable piece in chess. It may only move forward Never backwards or sideways Pawns also have the most complicated rules for movement. Pawns move one square directly forward. A pawn that is still on its starting square has the option to move two squares directly forward. However, they cannot capture this way: pawns can only capture one square forward diagonally Check - Is a condition in chess that occurs when a player’s king under threat of capture on their opponent’s next turn. A king so threatened is said to be in check Ways to get out of check - By interposing a piece between the threatening piece and the king Capturing the threating piece Moving the king to a square where it is no longer in check Stalemate - Is a position counting as a draw, in which player is not in check but cannot move except into check How to determine who is the winner in chess? We have here 2 ways - A win can be earned by checkmating the opponent A win can be earned when one player resigns the game Applying the value of the pieces.