SEMESTER 01 ASSIGNMENT 02 UNIQUE NUMBER: 605674 Student Number: 44074557 1. Which factors influence the modern era of sport? • Rationalisation and rules: Sport is very controlled and structured by rules and strategies. Unfortunately, children's games are dominated by the rules for adults. • Equality for all: There is a need for men and woman to take part in different sport. People of all classes, Men and woman have equal opportunities to participate in sport. • Specialisation: A wide range of specialised sport equipment and training techniques are introduce. Athletes start to specialise is different sport at a young age. • Bureaucratisation: Sport has become a very complex structure in the modern era. There are formal organisations at three levels that you can compete in: National, regional and local. • Records: There are more emphasis on setting up and breaking records. The over emphasis on winning has led to many athletes stop participating. 2. Changes in body proportions affect how skills are performed. Explain why this is so. • • • • • When you are very young your legs is relatively short and it limit your running ability. Long arms and legs at the beginning of puberty enable children to run better. The relative size of the head in childhood influence the balance of the body during movement. Rapid growth leads to clumsiness. The additional weight that girls gain during puberty and the changes in their body posture influences the speed at which they can move. It is often advisable to change from a shorter distance to a longer distance, because pubescent girls run more slowly. 3. Why is knowledge regarding the structure and functioning of the body so important to the physical education teacher and coach? • • It is important that a coach and physical teacher know the basic structure and functioning of the body so that they can gain insight on how the body normally work, because they are responsible for monitoring learners growth and development. If you as a coach or physical teacher see any unusual deviations in a child, it is your responsibility to tell the principle and the parents of the child. • • • Your choice of physical activity is going to depend on the growth and the development of the learners. Coaches teach new and exciting activities and for the coach to mount and adjust activities safely according to the physical abilities of their athletes they should have the basic knowledge on how the body function. If the coach does not have any basic knowledge about how the body function, athletes can get injured or loss interest in the activity. 4. What steps can be taken to improve techniques of good teaching? • • • • • • 5. Demonstrate effectively Make sure you can cope with each learner’s level of ability. Develop a safe, warm and encouraging learning environment. There must be effective communication between coaches or physical teachers and athletes. Make sure there is effective classroom management. Be a role model to your learners and athletes. Describe the teaching progression that is best suited for a child during early childhood. During early childhood the child, have short attention span and lack of experience in games, dance and gymnastic activities. Learners needs extensive exposure to activities, dancing, gymnastics and games. It is important that they explore how they bodies work therefor emphasis on movement concepts and skills. Grade 1 – 2 educators must find creative and exploratory ways of learning locomotor, nonlocomotor activities. This includes dancing activities, singing games, rhythmic, skills and creative movement. All activities planned should cater appropriately to all learner’s level of maturity and ability. First, the educator should establish the basic outcomes of the program. Secondly, the teacher should select the general activity areas. Thirdly, an instructional unit should be develop. This may include a list of outcomes, a list of concepts and skills to learn, list of activities, list of organisation and teaching strategies, list of equipment and facilities, a written evaluation and a list of resources. The educator must be flexible in developing a lesson plan that he/she can manipulated according to circumstances that may affect the lesson. The lesson plan should have brief notes, suggestions and outcomes. 6. Name five instances in which a physical education teacher can be found guilty of negligence • • • • • Failing to assist injured learners. Badly organised field trips. Taking unreasonable risks. Give learners permission to play unsafe games. Breaching duty 7. Your coaching, athletes and school sport benefit from improving schoolcommunity links. Include strategies on how to link school sport programmes with the community with regards to the following: Parents • Ensure that the school has a clear vision for parent’s engagement that includes engaging parents in school sport activities. • To ensure that the school staff members have the ability to connect with parents and support parents engagement in school sports activities. • Ask parents about their needs and interest regarding the health of their children in sport and how would they like to be involved in the school sports and health activities, services and programs. • Always communicate to parents. • Provide a variety of volunteer opportunities. 8. Mention five aspects of importance when counselling athletes who have experienced setbacks? • • • • • • • Additional information Abstract Interview guide Credibility Method (participants) Students must not be overstressed. Motivation is key to improvement. 9. Give an explanation of the terminology as it is related to physical education and sports coaching • • • • • • • Protein – Is the main body building nutrients. We need it to repair any damaged tissue. It consists of building blocks called amino acid. It’s found in many foods like meat. Nutrients – Nutrients is a substance that provides the body with essential nourishment for the maintenance of life and growth. It consists of protein, carbs, fat, vitamin, minerals, water and fibre. Carbohydrates – It is where the body gets its energy from It is obtained from natural sources such as rice, corn, potatoes, beans and fruits. Refined carbs such as white sugar, honey, soft drinks, chocolate are poor sources of carbohydrates. It contains hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water and can be broken down to release energy in the body Natural carbs enter the blood slowly, increasing the amount of energy. Minerals – The basic elements which are found in the soil and in the air. It can consist of calcium, sodium, potassium, iron and iodine. It is essential for the functioning of nerves and muscles in the body. Fat- It is found in animal and vegetable food There are 2 kinds of Fat that we use Visible fat/ saturated, this fat are solid and hard like margarine, plant oils, cream Invisible fat/ polyunsaturated fat that are found in fish, cheese and nuts. Fat is the main source of fuel to the muscles. It is stored under the skin and inside the muscles. Fat are one of the three main macronutrients along with carbohydrates and proteins. It is hydrophilic and are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water. Indemnity – Parents are required to sign a form exempting the school from liability It is a contract that is written for the obligation of one party to compensate for the loss, in that occurred, to the other party, due to the act of the indemnitor or any other party. Negligence – Is the failure to take proper precaution toward keeping something or someone safe or not doing what is asked of them.. Result of failure to act when there is a duty to be done. In loco parentis - is a teacher or other adult that are responsible for children in the place of a parent. Educator acts in loco parentis and is expected to act diligent and sensible. Teachers must act in a reasonable and responsible manner with respect to learners welfare and safety. • • Liability – Teachers have a duty of care when children are place in their care. They are responsible for children's well-being. It is a state of being legally responsible for something. Steroids – It is used to help build strength and reduce the recovery rate of training. It results in either an androgenic or anabolic effect. Steroids help to accelerate the healing of the body, but it can make athletes aggressive and it can cause liver damage, personality changes and gastric ulcers. Steroids are part of a large group of chemical substances that are classified by a specific carbon structure.
