Chapter 18 The Circulatory System: Blood Answer Key True / False Questions 1. Hemostasis is the production of formed elements of blood. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K04.01 Distinguish between the terms hemostasis and coagulation. HAPS Topic: Module K04 Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.05a Describe the bodys mechanisms for controlling bleeding. Section: 18.05 Topic: Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood 2. Blood viscosity stems mainly from electrolytes and monomers dissolved in plasma. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K02.01 Describe the overall composition of plasma, including the major types of plasma proteins, their functions and where in the body they are produced. HAPS Topic: Module K02 Composition of blood plasma. Learning Outcome: 18.01d Explain the significance of blood viscosity and osmolarity. Section: 18.01 Topic: Composition of blood plasma 3. Lymphoid hemopoiesis occurs mainly in the bone marrow. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.02c With respect to development of formed elements, discuss the difference in leukopoiesis of granulocytes and agranulocytes. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.04c Describe the formation and life history of leukocytes. Section: 18.04 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 4. Oxygen and carbon dioxide bind to different parts of hemoglobin. TRUE 18-!1 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.03b With respect to the functional roles of formed elements, discuss the structure and function of hemoglobin, as well as its breakdown products. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.02b Describe the structure and function of hemoglobin. Section: 18.02 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood 5. The liver stores excess iron in ferritin. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.03b With respect to the functional roles of formed elements, discuss the structure and function of hemoglobin, as well as its breakdown products. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.02d Describe the cycle of erythrocytes. Section: 18.02 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood 6. The most important components in the cytoplasm of RBCs are hemoglobin and carbonic anhydrase. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.03a With respect to the functional roles of formed elements, state the function of red blood cells. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.02a Discuss the structure and function of erythrocytes (RBCs). Section: 18.02 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 7. A person develops anti-A antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen A, and anti-B antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen B. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K05.04 Distinguish between the development of anti-Rh antibodies and the development of anti-A and anti- B antibodies. HAPS Topic: Module K05 ABO and Rh blood grouping. Learning Outcome: 18.03a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility. Section: 18.03 Topic: ABO and Rh blood grouping 18-!2 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 8. Incompatibility of one person's blood with another results from the action of plasma antibodies against the RBCs' antigens. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K05.01 Explain the role of surface antigens on RBCs in determining blood groups. HAPS Topic: Module K05 ABO and Rh blood grouping. Learning Outcome: 18.03a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility. Section: 18.03 Topic: ABO and Rh blood grouping 9. Rh incompatibility between a sensitized Rh the newborn. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K05.05 Predict which blood types are compatible and what happens when the incorrect ABO or Rh blood type is transfused. HAPS Topic: Module K05 ABO and Rh blood grouping. Learning Outcome: 18.03c Describe the effect of a blood type incompatibility between mother and fetus. Section: 18.03 Topic: ABO and Rh blood grouping 10. Circulating WBCs spend most of their lives in the bloodstream. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.03c With respect to the functional roles of formed elements, describe functions for each of the five major types of leukocytes as well as the two major subtypes of lymphocytes (T and B). HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.04c Describe the formation and life history of leukocytes. Section: 18.04 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood 11. Lymphocytes secrete antibodies, coordinate action of other immune cells, and serve in immune memory. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.03c With respect to the functional roles of formed elements, describe functions for each of the five major types of leukocytes as well as the two major subtypes of lymphocytes (T and B). 18-!3 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 12. Monocytes differentiate into large phagocytic cells. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.03c With respect to the functional roles of formed elements, describe functions for each of the five major types of leukocytes as well as the two major subtypes of lymphocytes (T and B). HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.04a Explain the function of leukocytes in general and the individual role of each leukocyte type. Section: 18.04 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 13. Coagulation starts with a vascular spasm and ends with the formation of a platelet plug. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K04.01 Distinguish between the terms hemostasis and coagulation. HAPS Topic: Module K04 Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.05a Describe the bodys mechanisms for controlling bleeding. Section: 18.05 Topic: Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood 14. Clotting deficiency can result from thrombocytopenia or hemophilia. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K04.02c Describe the basic steps involved in the formation of the insoluble fibrin clot of hemostasis. HAPS Topic: Module K04 Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.05f Describe some disorders of blood clotting. Section: 18.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system Topic: Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood 15. After a wound is sealed, tissue repair is followed by fibrinolysis. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K04.05 Discuss the process of fibrinolysis, including the roles of plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator and plasmin. HAPS Topic: Module K04 Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.05d Explain what happens to blood clots when they are no longer needed. Section: 18.05 18-!4 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Multiple Choice Questions 16. Which of the following is not a function of blood? A. B. C. D. E. Transports a variety of nutrients Helps to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids Participates in the initiation of blood clotting Produces plasma hormones Helps to regulate body temperature Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K01.01 Describe the major functions of the cardiovascular system. HAPS Topic: Module K01 General functions of the cardiovascular system. Learning Outcome: 18.01a Describe the functions and major components of the circulatory system. Section: 18.01 Topic: General functions of the cardiovascular system 17. Which of the following is not contained in the buffy coat? A. B. C. D. E. Lymphocytes Granulocytes Erythrocytes Agranulocytes Platelets Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.01c With respect to the structure and numbers of formed elements in blood, state the normal ranges for erythrocyte counts and hematocrit (both male and female), total leukocyte count, and platelet count. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.01b Describe the components and physical properties of blood. Section: 18.01 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 18. A normal hematocrit is __________ of the total blood volume. A. B. less than 1% 47% to 63% 18-!5 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.01c With respect to the structure and numbers of formed elements in blood, state the normal ranges for erythrocyte counts and hematocrit (both male and female), total leukocyte count, and platelet count. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.01b Describe the components and physical properties of blood. Section: 18.01 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 19. Which of the following is not normally found in plasma? A. B. C. D. E. Glycogen Fibrinogen Glucose Urea Albumin Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K02.01 Describe the overall composition of plasma, including the major types of plasma proteins, their functions and where in the body they are produced. HAPS Topic: Module K02 Composition of blood plasma. Learning Outcome: 18.01c Describe the composition of blood plasma. Section: 18.01 Topic: Composition of blood plasma 20. Which of the following proteins is not normally found in plasma? A. B. C. D. E. Albumin Hemoglobin Transferrin Prothrombin Fibrinogen Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K02.01 Describe the overall composition of plasma, including the major types of plasma proteins, their functions and where in the body they are produced. HAPS Topic: Module K02 Composition of blood plasma. Learning Outcome: 18.01c Describe the composition of blood plasma. Section: 18.01 Topic: Composition of blood plasma 21. What is the most abundant protein in plasma? 18-!6 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K02.01 Describe the overall composition of plasma, including the major types of plasma proteins, their functions and where in the body they are produced. HAPS Topic: Module K02 Composition of blood plasma. Learning Outcome: 18.01c Describe the composition of blood plasma. Section: 18.01 Topic: Composition of blood plasma 22. Which of the following would not decrease the blood colloid osmotic pressure (COP)? A. B. C. D. E. Severe liver failure A diet predominantly based on red meat Starvation An extremely low-protein diet Hypoproteinemia Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K02.01 Describe the overall composition of plasma, including the major types of plasma proteins, their functions and where in the body they are produced. HAPS Topic: Module K02 Composition of blood plasma. Learning Outcome: 18.01d Explain the significance of blood viscosity and osmolarity. Section: 18.01 Topic: Composition of blood plasma 23. Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of __________. A. B. C. D. E. fibrinogen nitrogenous wastes platelets glucose albumin Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K02.01 Describe the overall composition of plasma, including the major types of plasma proteins, their functions and where in the body they are produced. HAPS Topic: Module K02 Composition of blood plasma. Learning Outcome: 18.01c Describe the composition of blood plasma. Section: 18.01 Topic: Composition of blood plasma 24. Tissues can become edematous (swollen) when which of the following occurs? 18-!7 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K02.01 Describe the overall composition of plasma, including the major types of plasma proteins, their functions and where in the body they are produced. HAPS Topic: Module K02 Composition of blood plasma. Learning Outcome: 18.01d Explain the significance of blood viscosity and osmolarity. Section: 18.01 Topic: Composition of blood plasma 25. Where does myeloid hemopoiesis take place in adults? A. B. C. D. E. Thymus Spleen Red bone marrow Yellow bone marrow Liver Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.02a With respect to development of formed elements, describe the location of hematopoiesis and the significance of the pluripotent stem cell (hemocytoblast). HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.01e Describe in general terms how blood is produced. Learning Outcome: 18.04c Describe the formation and life history of leukocytes. Section: 18.01 Section: 18.04 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 26. The viscosity of blood is due more to the presence of __________ than to any other factor. A. B. C. D. E. fibrin albumin sodium erythrocytes nitrogenous wastes Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.03a With respect to the functional roles of formed elements, state the function of red blood cells. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.01d Explain the significance of blood viscosity and osmolarity. Section: 18.01 Topic: Composition of blood plasma 18-!8 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 27. Erythrocytes transport oxygen and __________. A. B. C. D. E. defend the body against pathogens initiate blood clotting regulate erythropoiesis transport nutrients transport some carbon dioxide Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.03a With respect to the functional roles of formed elements, state the function of red blood cells. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.02a Discuss the structure and function of erythrocytes (RBCs). Section: 18.02 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood 28. Most oxygen is transported in the blood bound to __________. A. B. C. D. E. the plasma membrane of erythrocytes alpha chains in hemoglobin beta chains in hemoglobin delta chains in hemoglobin heme groups in hemoglobin Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.03b With respect to the functional roles of formed elements, discuss the structure and function of hemoglobin, as well as its breakdown products. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.02b Describe the structure and function of hemoglobin. Section: 18.02 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood 29. What would happen if all of the hemoglobin contained within the RBCs became free in the plasma? A. B. C. D. E. It would considerably increase blood oxygen carrying capacity. It would facilitate delivery of oxygen into tissues supplied by small capillaries. It would facilitate oxygen diffusion into cells distant from blood capillaries. It would significantly increase blood osmolarity. It would drastically increase osmotic colloid pressure. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18-!9 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 30. An increased erythropoietin (EPO) output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following except __________. A. B. C. D. E. increased hypoxemia increased blood osmolarity increased RBC production increased blood viscosity increased hematocrit Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.02b With respect to development of formed elements, explain the basic process of erythropoiesis, the significance of the reticulocyte, and regulation through erythropoietin. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.02d Describe the cycle of erythrocytes. Section: 18.02 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood 31. Where do most RBCs die? A. B. C. D. E. Stomach and small intestine Red bone marrow Spleen and liver Lymph nodes and thymus Stomach and liver Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.03b With respect to the functional roles of formed elements, discuss the structure and function of hemoglobin, as well as its breakdown products. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.02d Describe the cycle of erythrocytes. Section: 18.02 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 32. Which of the following would not lead to polycythemia? A. B. C. D. E. Cancer of the erythropoietic line of the red bone marrow Iron deficiency Dehydration Emphysema Excessive aerobic exercise 18-!10 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the cardiovascular system that could disrupt homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module K16 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 18.02e Name and describe the types, causes, and effects of RBC excesses and deficiencies. Section: 18.02 Topic: Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 33. Which of the following is most likely to cause anemia? A. B. C. D. E. High altitude Air pollution other than by carbon monoxide Renal disease Smoking Any factor that creates a state of hypoxemia Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K16.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the cardiovascular system could not maintain homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module K16 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 18.02e Name and describe the types, causes, and effects of RBC excesses and deficiencies. Section: 18.02 Topic: Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 34. Which of the following is not true of a patient with anemia? A. B. C. D. E. Their blood viscosity is increased. They are lethargic. Their blood osmolarity is reduced. Their resistance to blood flow is reduced. More fluid transfers from their bloodstream into their intercellular spaces. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.03a With respect to the functional roles of formed elements, state the function of red blood cells. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.02e Name and describe the types, causes, and effects of RBC excesses and deficiencies. Section: 18.02 Topic: Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 18-!11 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 35. What is the final product of the breakdown of the organic nonprotein moiety of hemoglobin? A. B. C. D. E. Biliverdin Bilirubin Globin Heme Iron Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.03b With respect to the functional roles of formed elements, discuss the structure and function of hemoglobin, as well as its breakdown products. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.02d Describe the cycle of erythrocytes. Section: 18.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 36. Correction of hypoxemia is regulated by __________. A. B. C. D. E. a self-amplifying mechanism an enzymatic amplification a positive feedback loop a negative feedback loop a cascade effect Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.02b With respect to development of formed elements, explain the basic process of erythropoiesis, the significance of the reticulocyte, and regulation through erythropoietin. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.02d Describe the cycle of erythrocytes. Section: 18.02 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood 37. A deficiency of __________ can cause pernicious anemia. A. B. C. D. E. vitamin C iron vitamin B EPO secretion folic acid 18-!12 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the cardiovascular system that could disrupt homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module K16 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 18.02e Name and describe the types, causes, and effects of RBC excesses and deficiencies. Section: 18.02 Topic: Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood 38. Which of the following is not true regarding sickle-cell disease? A. B. C. D. E. It is caused by a recessive allele that modifies the structure of hemoglobin. It is due to a hereditary hemoglobin defect. It is advantageous in that it can protect carriers against malaria. It is a cause of malaria. It is a cause of anemia. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the cardiovascular system that could disrupt homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module K16 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 18.02e Name and describe the types, causes, and effects of RBC excesses and deficiencies. Section: 18.02 Topic: Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood 39. The ABO blood group is determined by __________ in the plasma membrane of RBCs. A. B. C. D. E. glycolipids glycoproteins antibodies antigen-antibody complexes agglutinins Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K05.01 Explain the role of surface antigens on RBCs in determining blood groups. HAPS Topic: Module K05 ABO and Rh blood grouping. Learning Outcome: 18.03a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility. Section: 18.03 Topic: ABO and Rh blood grouping 40. A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone of type __________ and can receive RBCs from someone of type __________. 18-!13 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K05.05 Predict which blood types are compatible and what happens when the incorrect ABO or Rh blood type is transfused. HAPS Topic: Module K05 ABO and Rh blood grouping. Learning Outcome: 18.03a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility. Section: 18.03 Topic: ABO and Rh blood grouping 41. A person with type AB blood has __________ RBC antigen(s). A. B. C. D. E. no anti-A and anti-B anti-A anti-B A and B Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K05.02 List the type of antigen and the type of antibodies present in each ABO blood type. HAPS Topic: Module K05 ABO and Rh blood grouping. Learning Outcome: 18.03a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility. Section: 18.03 Topic: ABO and Rh blood grouping 42. Why are pregnant Rh A. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-D antibodies. B. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-A and anti-B antibodies. C. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-A antibodies. D. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-O antibodies. E. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-B antibodies. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K05.04 Distinguish between the development of anti-Rh antibodies and the development of anti-A and anti- B antibodies. HAPS Topic: Module K05 ABO and Rh blood grouping. Learning Outcome: 18.03c Describe the effect of a blood type incompatibility between mother and fetus. Section: 18.03 18-!14 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 43. The universal donor of RBCs, but not necessarily plasma, is blood type __________. A. B. C. D. E. AB, Rh-negative AB, Rh-positive O, Rh-negative O, Rh-positive ABO, Rh-negative Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K05.06 State which blood type is considered the universal donor and which blood type is considered the universal recipient, and explain why. HAPS Topic: Module K05 ABO and Rh blood grouping. Learning Outcome: 18.03a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility. Section: 18.03 Topic: ABO and Rh blood grouping 44. An individual has type B, Rh-positive blood. The individual has __________ antigen(s) and can produce anti-__________ antibodies. A. B. C. D. E. A and D; B B and D; A B; A and D A; B and D D; A and B Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K05.02 List the type of antigen and the type of antibodies present in each ABO blood type. HAPS Objective: K05.03 Describe how the presence or absence of Rh antigen results in blood being classified as positive or negative. HAPS Topic: Module K05 ABO and Rh blood grouping. Learning Outcome: 18.03a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility. Section: 18.03 Topic: ABO and Rh blood grouping 45. The main reason why an individual with type AB, Rh-negative blood cannot donate blood to an individual with type A, Rh-positive blood is because __________. A. B. C. D. E. anti-A antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient anti-A antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor anti-B antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient anti-D antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBC of the recipient anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor 18-!15 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K05.05 Predict which blood types are compatible and what happens when the incorrect ABO or Rh blood type is transfused. HAPS Topic: Module K05 ABO and Rh blood grouping. Learning Outcome: 18.03a Explain what determines a persons ABO and Rh blood types and how this relates to transfusion compatibility. Section: 18.03 Topic: ABO and Rh blood grouping 46. A woman's first pregnancy is normal but her second pregnancy results in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). The second child needed a transfusion to completely replace the agglutinating blood. The mother is most likely type __________ and both children are most likely __________. A. B. C. D. E. A, Rh-negative; B, Rh-positive A, Rh-positive; B, Rh-negative O, Rh-negative; AB, Rh-negative AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-negative AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-positive Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K05.05 Predict which blood types are compatible and what happens when the incorrect ABO or Rh blood type is transfused. HAPS Topic: Module K05 ABO and Rh blood grouping. Learning Outcome: 18.03c Describe the effect of a blood type incompatibility between mother and fetus. Section: 18.03 Topic: ABO and Rh blood grouping 47. What are the least abundant of the formed elements? A. B. C. D. E. Platelets Basophils Erythrocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.01c With respect to the structure and numbers of formed elements in blood, state the normal ranges for erythrocyte counts and hematocrit (both male and female), total leukocyte count, and platelet count. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.04b Describe the appearance and relative abundance of each type of leukocyte. Section: 18.04 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 18-!16 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 48. What are the most abundant agranulocytes? A. B. C. D. E. Macrophages Eosinophils Monocytes Lymphocytes Neutrophils Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.01c With respect to the structure and numbers of formed elements in blood, state the normal ranges for erythrocyte counts and hematocrit (both male and female), total leukocyte count, and platelet count. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.04b Describe the appearance and relative abundance of each type of leukocyte. Section: 18.04 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 49. The number of __________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections. A. B. C. D. E. basophils monocytes erythrocytes eosinophils neutrophils Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.03c With respect to the functional roles of formed elements, describe functions for each of the five major types of leukocytes as well as the two major subtypes of lymphocytes (T and B). HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.04b Describe the appearance and relative abundance of each type of leukocyte. Section: 18.04 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 50. Which cells aid in the body's defense processes by secreting histamine and heparin? A. B. C. D. E. Eosinophils Basophils Neutrophils Platelets Monocytes 18-!17 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.03c With respect to the functional roles of formed elements, describe functions for each of the five major types of leukocytes as well as the two major subtypes of lymphocytes (T and B). HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.04a Explain the function of leukocytes in general and the individual role of each leukocyte type. Section: 18.04 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood 51. Leukopoiesis begins with the differentiation of __________. A. B. C. D. E. pluripotent stem cells precursor cells colony-forming units myeloblasts lymphoblasts Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.02a With respect to development of formed elements, describe the location of hematopoiesis and the significance of the pluripotent stem cell (hemocytoblast). HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.04c Describe the formation and life history of leukocytes. Section: 18.04 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 52. Some lymphocytes can survive as long as __________. A. B. C. D. E. days weeks months years decades Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.01d With respect to the structure and numbers of formed elements in blood, list the five types of leukocytes in order of their relative prevalence in normal blood and classify each type as granulocyte or agranulocyte. HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.04c Describe the formation and life history of leukocytes. Section: 18.04 Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 18-!18 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 53. A patient is diagnosed with leukocytosis if they have more than __________ WBCs/μL. A. B. C. D. E. 100,000 50,000 10,000 5,000 1,000 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the cardiovascular system that could disrupt homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module K16 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 18.04d Discuss the types, causes, and effects of leukocyte excesses and deficiencies. Section: 18.04 Topic: Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood 54. Which of the following has not been implicated in causing leukopenia? A. B. C. D. E. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Lead poisoning Radiation therapy Dehydration Immunosuppressant drugs Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the cardiovascular system that could disrupt homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module K16 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 18.04d Discuss the types, causes, and effects of leukocyte excesses and deficiencies. Section: 18.04 Topic: Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood 55. What is the largest leukocyte that contains small cytoplasmic granules and typically a kidney- or horseshoe-shaped nucleus? A. B. C. D. E. Monocyte Lymphocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil 18-!19 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.01a With respect to the structure and numbers of formed elements in blood, identify microscopically erythrocytes (red blood cells or RBCs), the five types of leukocytes (white blood cells or WBCs) and thrombocytes (platelets). HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.04b Describe the appearance and relative abundance of each type of leukocyte. Section: 18.04 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 56. Which of the following are not secreted by platelets? A. B. C. D. E. Procoagulants Thrombopoietin Growth factors Vasoconstrictors Chemicals that attract neutrophils Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K04.02b Describe the role of platelets and the steps involved in the formation of the platelet plug of hemostasis. HAPS Topic: Module K04 Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.05b List the functions of platelets. Section: 18.05 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 57. The cessation of bleeding is specifically called __________. A. B. C. D. E. a vascular spasm homeostasis hemostasis platelet plug formation coagulation Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K04.01 Distinguish between the terms hemostasis and coagulation. HAPS Topic: Module K04 Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.05a Describe the bodys mechanisms for controlling bleeding. Section: 18.05 Topic: Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood 58. What is the function of thromboplastin in hemostasis? 18-!20 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K04.02d Differentiate between the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting mechanisms of hemostasis. HAPS Topic: Module K04 Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.05c Describe two reaction pathways that produce blood clots. Section: 18.05 Topic: Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood 59. When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by __________. A. B. C. D. E. prothrombin thromboplastin kallikrein plasmin platelet-derived growth factor Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K04.05 Discuss the process of fibrinolysis, including the roles of plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator and plasmin. HAPS Topic: Module K04 Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.05d Explain what happens to blood clots when they are no longer needed. Section: 18.05 Topic: Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood 60. Which of these does not prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot? A. B. C. D. E. The presence of tissue thromboplastin The smooth prostacyclin-coated endothelium of blood vessels The dilution of thrombin when blood flows at a normal rate The presence of antithrombin in plasma The presence of heparin in plasma Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K04.06 Explain the mechanisms of action and give examples of procoagulants, anticoagulants and fibrinolytic drugs. HAPS Topic: Module K04 Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.05e Explain what keeps blood from clotting in the absence of injury. Section: 18.05 Topic: Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood 61. Platelets release __________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm. 18-!21 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K04.02b Describe the role of platelets and the steps involved in the formation of the platelet plug of hemostasis. HAPS Topic: Module K04 Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.05b List the functions of platelets. Section: 18.05 Topic: Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood 62. The structural framework of a blood clot is formed by __________. A. B. C. D. E. soluble fibrinogen soluble fibrin a fibrin polymer a fibrinogen polymer a thrombin polymer Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K04.02c Describe the basic steps involved in the formation of the insoluble fibrin clot of hemostasis. HAPS Topic: Module K04 Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.05a Describe the bodys mechanisms for controlling bleeding. Section: 18.05 Topic: Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood 63. Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel. Moreover, a piece of the __________ (clot) may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream as a(n) __________. A. B. C. D. E. thrombus; embolus embolism; thrombus plaque; thrombus thrombosis; plaque plaque; embolus Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the cardiovascular system that could disrupt homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module K16 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 18.05f Describe some disorders of blood clotting. Section: 18.05 Topic: Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood 64. During coagulation, which of the following is found in the extrinsic mechanism only? 18-!22 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K04.02d Differentiate between the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting mechanisms of hemostasis. HAPS Topic: Module K04 Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.05c Describe two reaction pathways that produce blood clots. Section: 18.05 Topic: Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood 65. Where are most clotting factors synthesized in the body? A. B. C. D. E. Spleen Red bone marrow Perivascular tissue Kidneys Liver Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K04.02d Differentiate between the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting mechanisms of hemostasis. HAPS Topic: Module K04 Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.05c Describe two reaction pathways that produce blood clots. Section: 18.05 Topic: Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood 66. A patient is suffering from ketoacidosis caused by an unregulated high protein diet. Which function of the blood has been compromised? A. B. C. D. E. Stabilizing fluid distribution in the body Stabilizing the body's pH Protecting against microorganisms Transporting nutrients Transporting hormones Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K01.01 Describe the major functions of the cardiovascular system. HAPS Topic: Module K01 General functions of the cardiovascular system. Learning Outcome: 18.01a Describe the functions and major components of the circulatory system. Section: 18.01 Topic: Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system Topic: Functional roles of formed elements of blood 67. Where in the body are hemopoietic stem cells found? 18-!23 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K03.02a With respect to development of formed elements, describe the location of hematopoiesis and the significance of the pluripotent stem cell (hemocytoblast). HAPS Topic: Module K03 Identity, microscopic anatomy, numbers, formation, and functional roles of the formed elements of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.01e Describe in general terms how blood is produced. Section: 18.01 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of formed elements of blood 68. Which of the following might be injected into a patient who is prone to forming blood clots and therefore at risk of a heart attack or stroke? A. B. C. D. E. Thromboplastin Fibrinogen Fibrin Heparin Factor X Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K04.06 Explain the mechanisms of action and give examples of procoagulants, anticoagulants and fibrinolytic drugs. HAPS Topic: Module K04 Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood. Learning Outcome: 18.05e Explain what keeps blood from clotting in the absence of injury. Section: 18.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system Topic: Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood 69. Blood clots in the limbs put a patient most at risk for __________. A. B. C. D. E. hemophilia pulmonary embolism thrombocytopenia disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) septicemia Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K16.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the cardiovascular system could not maintain homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module K16 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 18.05f Describe some disorders of blood clotting. Section: 18.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system Topic: Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood 18-!24 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. True / False Questions 70. Blood groups are made up of any surface antigen on formed elements, not just ABO and Rh, and include over 500 known antigens. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K05.01 Explain the role of surface antigens on RBCs in determining blood groups. HAPS Topic: Module K05 ABO and Rh blood grouping. Learning Outcome: 18.03b List some blood groups other than ABO and Rh and explain how the may be useful. Section: 18.03 Topic: ABO and Rh blood grouping 71. Blood groups are used for legal purposes and in anthropology. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: K05.01 Explain the role of surface antigens on RBCs in determining blood groups. HAPS Topic: Module K05 ABO and Rh blood grouping. Learning Outcome: 18.03b List some blood groups other than ABO and Rh and explain how the may be useful. Section: 18.03 Topic: ABO and Rh blood grouping 18-!25 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.