Distributed Generation
Distributed generation is a new and innovative alternative for load dispatch in deregulated energy
markets. Since in competitive markets costs and customer satisfaction become an important issue, this
kind of generation can ensure energy supply with efficiency, quality and reliability. Nevertheless, the
operation and performance of distributed generation face the following challenges: transient stability and
power quality.
Transient stability, mainly related to frequency, is an important concern due to the fact that distributed
generation can be included as a constant support of active power to the network and, given the size of
the generators, its speed regulation capacity is restricted. Additionally, throughout unusual network
events such as short-circuits, load shifting or loss of centralized generation, the inaccurate trip of
distributed generators may cause voltage and frequency oscillations along the grid.
Renewables sources are widely used in distributed generation; as a result, power quality is being affected.
For instance, since the power generated by solar and wind sources is not constant, small and large
fluctuations appear in the voltage. Additionally, due to the use of power electronics, the injection of
harmonics currents to the grid is very common. This can cause voltage disturbance and may also produce
the overheating of induction motors, which are mainly used in industrial applications.
Deregulated market allows competition, and for this reason distributed generators are increasingly
interested in getting access to the grid. Even when the benefits of distributed generation has been widely
demonstrated, transient stability and power quality issues must to be overcome in order to receive better
opportunities and prices into the market.
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