100 Questions for Law on Sales 1. I. A contract of sale is a consensual contract, thus, is perfected by delivery II. A contract of sale is perfected by the meeting of the offer and the acceptance upon the thing and the cause which are to constitute the contract A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 2. One of the contracting parties obligates himself to transfer the ownership of, and to deliver, a determinate thing, and the other to pay therefor a price certain in money or its equivalent A. Barter B. Sales C. Partnership D. Agency 3. S sold his only cat to B. Before delivery and payment, the cat gave birth to a kitten A. B should pay the fair market value of the kitten B. S is entitled to the fruit as he is the owner C. B is entitled to the kitten which was born after the perfection of the sale D. S is entitled to the fruit because it was born before the delivery 4. The essential elements of a contract of sale are the following, except: A. Consent or meeting of mindss B. Determinate subject matter C. Written contract D. Price certain in money or its equivalent 5. The stages of a contract of sale are the following, except: A. Negotiation B. Counter-offer C. Perfection D. Consummation 6. I. The object of every contract must be determinate as to its kind II. The fact that the quantity in contract of sale is not determinate shall not be an obstacle to the existence of the contract, provided it is possible to determine the same, without the need of a new contract between the parties A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 7. I. A orally sold to B a parcel of land for P300,000. Delivery and payment were to be made after six months. When the said date arrived, A refused to deliver the land. Can B compel A to deliver? A. Yes, because the sale has been perfected B. Yes, because there was an agreement C. No, because the sale altough valid is unenforceable D. No, because the sale is void 8. S offered in writing to sell his house and lot for P1,000,000 to B on January 20, 2018, S informed B that he has raised the price to P1,200,000. Can B compel S to accept the payment of P1,000,000 for the sale of the house and lot? A. No because the seller can unilaterally fix the selling price B. Yes, because the original offer is binding on S C. No, because there is as yet no perfected sale D. Yes, because of the principle of mutuality of contract 9. I. Sale itself does not transfer or affect ownership; the most that sale does is to create the obligation to transfer ownership II. The perfection of contract of sale should not, however, be confused with its consummation. In relation to the acquisition and transfer of ownership, it should be noted that sale is not a mode but merely a title. A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 10. Is manifersted by the meeting of the offer and the acceptance upon the thing and the cause which are to constitute the agreement? is required for its validity. II. A contract of sale is normally commutative but not onerous A. Determinate subject matter B. Consent C. Policitacion D. Price certain in money or its equivalent A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 11. I. A contract to sell may not be considered as a contract of sale because the second essential element is lacking II. In contract to sell, what the seller agrees or obliges himself to do is to fulfill his promise to sell the subject property when the entire amount of the purchase orice is delivered to him 15. What is the test in determining whether it is a contract “contract of sale or a mere option?” A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 12. Is a continuing offer or contract by which the owner stipulates with another that the latter shall have the right to buy the property at a fixed price within a certain time, or under, or in compliance with, certain terms and conditions, or which gives to the owner of the property the right to sell or demand a sale? A. Option B. Earnest C. Absolute D. Conditional 13. I. Fixing the price can never be left to the decision of one of the contracting parties. But a price fixed by one of the contracting parties , if accepted by the other, gives rise to a perfected sale II. The parties need not agree on the manner of payment of the price of the property to give rise to a binding and enforceable contract of sale or contract to sell A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 14. I. A contract of sale is classified as a consensual contract, which means that the sale is perfected by mere consent. A private instrument A. Whether or not the agreement is valid B. Whether or not the agreement could be specifically enforced C. Whether or not the agreement is not rescissible D. Whether or not the agreement is covered by Statute of Frauds 16. A special mode of payment where the debtor offers another thing to the creditor who accepts it as equivalent of payment of an outstanding debt A. Application of payment B. Cession in payment C. Dation in payment D. Tender of payment and consignation 17. It shall be considered as part of the price and as proof of the perfection of the contract A. Option money B. Initial payment C. Downpayment D. Earnest money 18. Until acceptance, it is not, properly speaking, a contract, and does not vest, transfer, or agree to transfer, any title to, or any interest or right in the subject matter, but it is merely a contract by which the owner of property gives the optionee the right or privilege of accepting the offer and buying the property on certain terms A. Option B. Earnest C. Absolute D. Conditional 19. I. A contract for a piece of work, labor and materials may be distinguished from a contract of sale by the inquiry as to whether the thing transferred is one not in existence and which would never have existed but for the order of the person desiring it. In such case, the contract is one for a piece of work, not a sale. II. If the thing subject of the contract would have existed and been the subject of a sale to some other person even if the order had not been given, then the contract is one of sale A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 20. Sale of a mere hope or expectancy that the thing will come to existence A. Emptio rei speratae B. Emptio spei C. Sale of a future thing D. Unenforceable sale 21. I. There may be a contract of sale of goods, whose acquisition by the seller depends upon a contingency which may or may not happen. II. The sole owner of a thing may sell an undivided interest therein A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 22. In order that there be a valid dation in payment, the following are the requisities, except: A. There must be the performance of the prestation in lieu of payment which may consists in the delivery of a corporeal thing or a real right or a credit against the third person B. There must be some difference between the prestation due and that which is given in substitution C. There must be an agreement between the creditor and debtor that the obligation is immediately extinguised by reason of the performance of a prestation different from that due D. There must be performance of the obligation which is based on the liberality of the first party 23. I. In contract of sale, the buyer receives the goods as owner. II. In agency to sell, the agent receives the goods as goods of the principal who retains his ownership over them A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 24. I. In dation in payment, the undertaking really partakes in one sense of the nature of barter II. The thing must be licit and the vendor must have a right to transfer the ownership thereof at the time of perfection A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 25. Sale of a thing with potential existence A. Emptio rei speratae B. Emptio spei C. Sale of a present thing D. Void sale 26. I. Things having a potential existence may be the object of the contract of sale II. The sale of a vain hope or expectancy is voidable A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 27. I. In case of fungible goods, there may be a sale of an undivided share of a specific mass, though the seller purports to sell and the buyer to buy a definite number, weight or measure of the goods in the mas, and though the number, weight or measure of the goods in the mass is undetermined II. Things subject to a resolutory condition may be the object of the contract of sale A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false into the price such that a disagreement on the manner of payment is tantamount to a failure to agree on the price 28. The requisites of a valid price are the following, except: A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false A. It is not stimulated B. It is certain C. In money or an equivalent thing D. Manner of payment must be agreed upon 29. I. The mere inadequacy of the price does not affect its validity when both parties are in a position to form an independent judgement concerning the transaction II. Mere alleged inadequacy of the price does not necessarily void a contract of sale, although the inadequacy may indicate that there was a defect in the consent, or that the parties really intended a donation, mortgage, or some other act or contract A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 30. I. If the thing is specially done at the order of another, this is a contract of sale II. If the thing is manufactured or procured for the general market in the ordinary course of one’s business, it is a contract piece of work A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 31. I. It is the act of payment of price that determines the validity of a contract of sale II. Payment of the price affects the perfection of the contract A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 32. I. The manner of payment of the purchase price is an essential element before a valid and binding contract of sale can exist II. Agreement on the manner of payment goes 33. It is a bilateral contract whereby the prospective seller, while expressly reserving the ownership of the subject property despite delivery thereof to the prospective buyer, binds himself to sell the said property exclusively to the prospective buyer upon fulfillment of the condition agreed upon, that is, full payment of the pruchase price A. Absolute sale B. Conditional sale C. Contract to sell D. Agency to sell 34. A contract by virtue of which X, in consideration of the payment of a certain sum to Y, acquires the privilege of buying from, to selling to, Y certain properties within a limited time at a specified price. A. Contract of sale B. Contract to sell C. Option contract D. Conditional sale 35. I. In contrqact of sale, the non-payment of the price is a suspensive condition which extinguishes the transaction that, for a time existed, and discharges the obligations created thereunder II. The ownership of the thing sold shall not be transferred to the vendee upon the actual or constructive delivery thereof A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 36. I. The parties in a contract of sale may stipulate that ownership in the thing shall not pass to the purchaser until he has fully paid the price II. Payment of the purchase price is essential to the transfer of ownership as long as the property sold has been delivered A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 37. I. If the thing or any part thereof has been delivered to and appropriated by the buyer, he must pay based on the market value II. In general, a perfected contract of sale can be challenged on the ground of the seller’s nonownership of the thing sold at the time of the perfection of the contract A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 38. When a small quantity is exhibited by the seller as a fair specimen of the bulk, which is not present, and there is no opportunity to inspect or examine the same A. Sale or return B. Sale on approval C. Sale by sample D. Sale by description 39. I. The price of securities, gain, liquids, and other things shall also be considered certain, when the price fixed is that which the thing sold would have on a definite day, or in a particular exchange or market, or when an amount is fixed above or below the price on such day, or in such exchange or market, provided said amount be certain II. The fixing of the price can be left to the discretion of one of the contracting parties A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 40. A deposit oaid by a prospective buyer to show a good faith intention to complete the transaction, and ordinarily forfeited if the buyer defaults A. Option money B. Earnest money C. Consideration D. Bid price 41. I. Whether a sale is by sample or description depends upon the facts disclosing the intention of the parties II. A seller’s description of the goods which is made part of the basis of the transaction creates a warranty that the goods will conform to that description A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 42. A deposit paid by a prospective buyer to show a good faith intention to complete the transaction, and ordinarilu forfeited if the buyer defaults A. Option money B. Earnest money C. Consideration D. Bid price 43. Wjere a seller sells things as being of a particular kind, the buyer not knowing whether the seller’s representations are true or false, but relying on them as true; or as otherwise stated, where the buyer has not seen the article sold and relies on the description given to him by the seller, or has seen the goods, but the want of identity is not apparent on inspection A. Sale or return B. Sale on approval C. Sale by sample D. Sale by description 44. I. There must be first be a perfected contract of sale before we can speak of earnest money II. Earnest money applies to a perfected sale A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 45. Under the Statute of Frauds, the following contract of sale must be in writing to be enforceable, except: A. Sale of real property B. Sale of personal property at a price not less than P500 C. Sale of property not to be performed within a year from the date thereof D. Sale of an interest in a partnership 46. In a contract of sale of personal property, the price of which is payable in installments, the vendor may exercise any of the following remedies, except: A. Exact fulfillment of the obligation, should the vendee fial to pay B. Cancel the sale, should the vendee’s failure to pay cover any installment C. Cancel the sale, should the vendee’s failure to pay cover two or more installments D. Foreclose the chattel mortgage on the thing sold, if one has been constituted should the vendee’s failure to pay cover two or more installments 47. I. The expenses for the execution and registration of the sale shall be borne by the vendor, unless there is a stipulation to the contrary II. The seller of movables in installments, in case the buyer fails to pay two or more installments may elect to pursue either of the following remedies: (1) exact fulfillment by the purchaser of the obligation; (2) cancel the sale; (3) foreclose the mortgage on the purchased property if one was constituted thereon. It is now settled that the said remedies are cumulative and not alternative A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 48. S sells to B at P50 per liter 200 liters of gasoline stored in his truck tank, which is unknown to the parties contains 500 liters. What is the status of the contract of sale between S and B? A. The sale is void because the quantity available is more than the quantity sold B. The sale is valid up to 500 liters of gasoline. B must pay for the additional 300 liters C. The sale is valid up to 200 liters of gasoline. B becomes the owner od 2/5 of the whole stock, while S becomes the owner of 3/5 thereof D. The sale isrescissble because S will suffer lesion of more than 1/4 of the value of the whole stock 49. A offered for sale to B 20 cavans of XYZ rice and fixed the price per cavan at P100 over the price offered at W’s store in La Trinidad Public Market. The price is: A. Not certain because the price at La Trinidad Public Market is not stated B. Certain because it has reference to another thing which is certain C. Certain because there is a price ceiling for price of rice D. Not certain so the court may fix the price 50. One of the following is not included as an example of relative incapacity A. Husband and wife B. The guardian, the property of the person or persons who may be under his guardianship C. Deaf-mutes who do not know how to write D. Agents, the property whose administration or sale may have been entrusted to them 51. One of the following is not included in absolute incapacity A. Minor B. Insane C. The guardian, the property of the person or persons who may be under his guardianship D. Demented persons 52. These covers everything indispensable for sustenance, dwelling, clothing, medical attendance, education and transportation A. Necessary expenses B. Useful expenses C. Expenses of preservation D. Necessaries 53. The following are the obligations of the vendor, except: A. To transfer the ownership of the thing sold at the time of meeting of the minds B. To deliver the thing C. To warrant the object sold against eviction and hidden defects D. To take care of the object sold pending delivery 54. S sold to a in a deed of sale his parcel of land, afterwards, S sold the same kand to B in another deed of sale who was aware of the sale to A. B, thereafter, took possession thereof and registered the sale in his name. The parcel of land shall belong to: A. A, because he has the oldest title B. B, because the sale to him was in deed of sale C. B, because he was the first possessor of the land D. B, because he first registered the sale in his favor 55. I. Ownership does not pass by mere stipulation but only by delivery II. The purpose of delivery is not only for the enjoyment of the thing but also a mode of acquiring dominion and determines the transmission of ownership, the birth of real right A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 56. S sold his only car with plate number XYZ123 to B. There was no fixed date for the performance of their respective obligations. The obligation of S as vendor is: A. To wait for the buyer to pay the price before he delivers B. To deliver the car within a reasonable time C. To deliver the car after one month D. To pay for damages if the car was not delivered within one month 57. It is an act by which one party parts with the title to and the possession fo the property, and the other acquires the right to and the possession of the same A. Delivery B. Contract of sale C. Eviction D. Contract to sell 58. S sold a parcel of land to B. Subsequently, S sold the same land to C who immediately took possession of the land. In this case, the proper remedy of B is: A. Ask for the rescission of the sale because it is in fraud of creditors B. Institute an action for damages against S for breach of contract C. File an action for rescission of sale to C due to damage suffered by him D. File an action in court against C to recover the land 59. It occurs when it is placed under the control and possession of the vendee. A. Actual delivery B. Constructive delivery C. Delivery by operation of law D. Other kinds of delivery as intended by the parties 60. The following are the exceptions to the general rule that ownership of the thing sold is acquired only upon its delivery to the buyer, except: A. When the seller and the buyer agree that the ownership shall remain with the seller until the full payment of the purchase price B. Contract to sell C. Sale or return D. Implied reservation of ownership 61. I. Payment of the purchase price is essential to the transfer of ownership as long as the property sold has been delivered II. The ownership of the thing sold is acquired by the vendee from the moment it is delivered to him A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 62. A seller sold to a buyer a specific parcel of land at a price of P1,000,000. The contract provides that the buyer will pay the seller cash P400,000 and deliver the buyer’s car worth P600,000. The contract is: A. Barter B. Sale C. Contract to sell D. Mutuum A. Legal formalities B. Symbolical tradition C. Traditio brevi manu D. Traditio longa manu 63. It is a delivery by operation of law 69. This occurs when would be buyer had already the possession of the object even before the contract of sale by virtue of another title which is not ownership (like a lessee in a Contract of Lease), and pursuant to a contract of sale, he would now hold possession in the concept of an owner (like a buyer of a house where he was a former lessee of the same house). A. Real delivery B. Actual delivery C. Legal delivery D. Quasi-traditio 64. Quasi-delivery is the delivery of rights, credits, or incorporeal property which is made by: A. Execution of public instrument B. Placing of titles of ownership in the hands of the buyer C. Allowing buyer to make use of rights D. Issuance of delivery receipt 65. When the sale is made through a public instrument A. Legal formalities B. Symbolical tradition C. Traditio simbolica D. Traditio longa manu 66. A delivers B his parcel of land worth P1,000,000 in exchange for the car of B worth P500,000 and cash in the amount of P500,000. The contract iss: A. Legal formalities B. Symbolical tradition C. Traditio brevi manu D. Traditio longa manu 70. On January 2, 2018 S sold to B his only car with the payment to be made on January 10, 2018. However, on January 6, 2018, S sold the same car to C who immediately took possession thereof. Decide: A. B can file an action to rescind the sale B. B may recover the car from C because the former was the first buyer C. B may claim damages from S for breach of contract of sale D. B can file an action to annul the sale 71. This is opposite of constitutum possessorium A. Barter B. Sale C. Partly barter partly sale D. Innominate contract A. Legal formalities B. Symbolical tradition C. Traditio brevi manu D. Traditio longa manu 67. The parties use a symbol to represent the thing delivered 72. The delivery consists in the owner’s continuous possession of the property he had already sold to another person but his present possession is no longer of an owner but under another capacity, like that of a lessee. A. Legal formalities B. Symbolical tradition C. Traditio brevi manu D. Traditio longa manu 68. The delivery is by mere consent or agreement of the contracting parties, where the seller points out to the buyer the object of sale without the need of actually delivering it. A. Legal formalities B. Symbolical tradition C. Traditio brevi manu D. Traditio constitutum possessorium 73. S sold his land to B who began to possess it. Later, C, a stranger sold the same land to D, who registered the sale and thus, obtained the title in his name C. The use by the vendee of his rights, with the vendor’s consent D. Execution of official receipt A. D is the owner for he was the first registrant in good faith B. B is the owner because the owner is his seller C. S remains to be the owner D. S is still the owner because B did not register the sale 78. I. In a sale or return, the ownership passes to to the buyer on meeting of the minds II. In a sale or return, the buyer may revest the ownership in the seller bby returning or tendering the goods within the time fixed in the contract 74. This is the opposite of traditio brevi manu A. Legal formalities B. Symbolical tradition C. Traditio brevi manu D. Traditio constitutum possessorium 75. I. A person who does not have actual possession of the thing sold cannot transfer constructive possession by the execution and delivery of a public instrument II. As a general rule,the execution of a public instrument amount to a constructive delivery of the thing subject of a contract of sale A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 76. Legal or constructive delivery may be had through any of the following ways, except: A. The execution of a public instrument evidencing the sale B. Symbolical tradition such as the delivery of the keys of the place C. Traditio longa manu or by mere consent or agreement if the movable sold cannot yet be transferred to the possession of the buyer at the time of the sale D. Traditio possessorium if the buyer already had possession of the object even before the sale 77. The following are modes of delivery of incorporeal property, except: A. Execution of public instrument B. The placing of the titles of ownership in the possession of the vendee A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 79. Also called “Sale on Acceptance” A. Sale on approval B. Sale or return C. Sale by sample D. Sale by description 80. There is no transfer of ownership notwithstanding the delivery of the goods A. Sale or return B. Sale on trial C. Sale by sample D. Sale by description 81. I. In sale on trial, the risk of loss rests upon the buyer II. In sale or return, the risk of loss remains with the seller A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 82. I. In sale on trial, it depends entirely on the will of the buyer II. In sale or return, it depends on the quality of the goods A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 83. A sold his land to B. Later, A sold the same land to C. B in turn, sold the same land to D, who took possession of the land in good faith. C, a purchaser in good faith, registered the sale in his favor. Decide: A. B is the owner of the land because he was the first buyer B. C is the owner of the land having registered the sale in good faith C. D is the owner of land D. D is the owner because he is in good faith II. The thing is sold can only be understood as delivered to the buyer when it is placed in the buyer’s control and possession at the agreed place of delivery A. Only I is true B. Only II is true C. Both are true D. Both are false 84. The following are examples of document of title to goods, except: 89. Under the following circumstances, the unpaid seller has possessory lien, except: A. Negotiable instrument B. Bill of lading C. Dock warrant D. Warehouse receipt A. Where the goods have been sold without any stipulation as to credit B. Where the goods have been sold on credit, but the term of credit has expired C. Where the buyer becomes solvent D. Where the buyer becomes insolvent 85. The following are the place of delivery, except; A. The place of delivery agreed upon B. If there is no agreement and usage of trade C. If there is no agreement and usage of trade, it is the seller’s place of business if he has one, and if not his, residence D. If there is no agreement and usage of trade, it is the buyer’s place of business if he has one, and if not, his residence 86. Who pays for the expenses of putting the goods into a deliverable state? A. Seller B. Buyer C. None of the above D. All of the above 87. The following are the warranties on the negotiation of a document of title, except: A. That the document is genuine B. That he has a legal right to negotiate or transfer it C. That he has knowledge of no fact which would impair the validity or worth of the document D. That he has a right to transfer the possession but not title to the goods 88. I. A stipulation designating the place and manner of delivery is controlling on the contracting parties 90. The rights of an unpaid seller of goods are the following, except: A. A lien on the goods or right to retain them for the price while he is in possession of them B. In case of the insolvency of the buyer, a right of stopping of them C. A right to resale D. A right to annul the sale 91. An unpaid seller having a right of lien or having stopped the goods in transitu may resell the goods in one of the following cases, except: A. Goods are not of perishable nature B. The seller expressly reserves the right of resale in case the buyer should make default C. The buyer has been in default in the payment of the price for a reasonable time D. None of the above 92. A bought a pair of shoes from a store. The shoes did not belong to the store but a customer who had left the same for repair. Did A acquire good title to the shoes? A. No, because A bought it by mistake B. Yes, because it was bought from a store in good faith and for value C. No, because the seller is not the owner D. Yes, because the store was authorized to sell 93. The requisites of a double sale are the following, except: A. Two or more valid contract of sale B. Two or more buyers who are at odds over the rightful ownership of the object must represent conflicting interests C. They must pertain exactly to the same object D. They must be bought from different seller 94. The following are the rules of preference in case of double sale in case of immovable property, except: A. First registrant in good faith B. First possessor in good faith C. Person with the oldest title in good faith D. Person with the oldest transfer certificate of title in good faith 95. It is any affirmation of fact or any promise by the seller relating to the thing if the natural tendency of such affirmation or promise is to induce the buyer to purchase the same, and if the buyer purchases the thing relying thereon? A. Express warranty B. Implied warranty C. Condition D. None of the above 96. Is a statement or representation made by the seller of goods, contemporaneously and as part of the contract of sale, having reference to the character, quality or title of the goods, and by which he promises or undertakes to insure that certain facts are or shall be as he then represents them? A. Condition B. Warranty C. Exaggerations in trade D. Expression of opinion 97. Is that which the law derives by application or inference from the nature of the transaction or the relative situation or cirumstances of the parties, irrespective of any intention of the seller to create it? A. Express warranty B. Implied warranty C. Condition D. None of the above 98. The prescriptive period for instituting actions based on a breach of express warranty is that specified in the contract, and in the absence of such period, the general rule on rescission of contract, which is: A. 4 years B. 5 years C. 6 years D. 10 years 99. As for actions based on breach of implied warranty, the prescriptive period is, warranty against hidden defects and warranty against eviction: A. 4 months from the date of perfection B. 4 months from the date of delivery C. 6 months from the date of perfection D. 6 months from the date of delivery 100. It shall take place whenever by a final judgement based on a right prior to the sale or an act imputable to the vendor, the vendee is deprived of the whole or of a part of the thing purchased? A. Eviction B. Hidden defect C. Redhibitory defect D. All of the above