WHAT I KNOW
Definition of terms:
1. Genetic Engineering – the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA)
technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism. It involves the direct
manipulation of one or more genes.
2. DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the chemical name for the molecule that
carries genetic instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce.
The DNA molecule consists of two strands that wind around one another to form
a shape known as the double helix.
3. Recombinant DNA – is a technology that uses enzymes to cut and paste
together DNA sequences of interest. It is generated by transferring selected
pieces of DNA.
4. Plasmids – a small, often circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and other
cells. Plasmids are a fundamental tool of recombinant DNA technology.
5. Cloning – the process of making identical copies of an organism by taking
genetic information from one living thing and creating identical copies of it. The
copied material is called a clone.
6. Genome – the organism’s complete set of genetic instructions found in s cell.
Each Genome contains all of the information needed to build and maintain that
organism.
7. Gene Mapping – it is the process of determining the order of and relative
distance between genetic markers on a chromosome based on their pattern of
inheritance.
8. Biotechnology – technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms or
parts of this to develop or create different products. It harnesses cellular and
biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve
our lives and the health of our planet.
9. Polymerase Chain Reaction – a common technique to make many copies of
particular region of DNA.
10. Gene Therapy – it is an experimental technique or process of replacing defective
genes with healthy ones, adding new genes to help the body fight or treat
disease. It can be used to modify cells inside or outside the body.
WHAT’S NEW: PRE-ACTIVITY
1. How organisms may be modified?
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Organisms may be modified by genetic engineering since it is the modification
of an organism’s phenotype my manipulating its genetic material. Some uses
the principle of recombination, a process of which a new gene is inserted into
the plasmid.
2. Enumerate plants and animals that have desirable or enhanced traits and how
each of the traits was introduced or develop. Modifying technique ex. Classical
Breeding, Recombinant DNA Technology.
ENHANCED TRAIT
Bt-corn (Insect resistance, drought
MODIFYING TECHNIQUE
Recombinant DNA Technology
tolerance, herbicide tolerance)
Cry 1Ac protein (Insecticidal protection)
Gene gun/ biolistic
in Corn plant
Nile Tilapia (Faster Growth Rate)
Selective Breeding
Rainbow Papaya (Disease Resistance)
Recombinant DNA Technology
Salmons (Continues growth hormone
Microinjection/ pronuclear injection
production)