CHAPTER III
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
The research design and research procedures for Identifying Accident Location and Rescue
System will be presented in this chapter. In addition, this chapter serves as a comprehensive
overview for the researchers on how to conduct this research.
Pre- Research Design
The researchers gathered data and studies in order to gain a better and clear understanding
of their study and to identify the most significant factors for designing a system for accident
locations and rescuing. In addition, the researchers gathered information from a variety of sources
relevant to their studies. They were also able to gather information on the GPS and GSM module
implementations, as well as their importance, advantages, and other relevant information.
After gathering all of the data, the researchers were able to compare and contrast various
related studies in order to improve the study's development, and they only chose the most important
and relevant information. Having the desired information, the researchers would begin the strategic
planning in designing and developing the system of this research.
Research Design
This is the actual construction guide, process and flow on how the system will work. This
includes the preliminary design of the system which the proponents used a sketch up software to
illustrate the detailed design of the system, interpretation of data and information gathered,
planning and proper selection of materials, and the operation of its components to meet the desired
output.
Data Gathering Procedures
This study is a research innovation and creation that includes the engineering planning,
design, and simulation about identifying location accident and rescuing system. The focus of the
study is on how accidents are located and how the emergency responders can respond immediately.
The researchers consulted on web-based and document review, based on public records
that are conducive in data gathering. Through a thorough reading from the articles, journals,
conferences and theses, researchers have gathered appropriate and reliable information and have
obtained an effective and sufficient studies to evaluate the possible important factors that can
contribute to the system design. The experimental testing approach was used by the researchers in
order to assess the system's outcome.
Materials and Equipment
In order to create a method for locating accident locations and rescuing systems, the
researchers plan and use the following materials and equipment.
Item No.
Part’s Name
Quantity
Cost
1
Arduino Uno
1
599.00
2
GPS receiver
1
350.00
3
GSM module
1
650.00
4
Vibration Sensor
1
150.00
5
9V Battery
1
89.00
1
418.50
Plastic Enclosure Box
7
200x120x55mm
8
Screw
12
120.00
9
LED
1
15.00
10
Switch
1
48.00
11
USB Connector
1
80.00
12
SIM Card
1
30.00
13
Wires and Cables
5 Meters
200.00
Total: Php 2749.50
Table 1: Cost of Materials of the System
The materials and equipment utilized in this study are listed in Table 3.1. The Arduino Uno
serves as the controller for the other module to operate the designated functions. Meanwhile, a
GPS receiver and GSM module were utilized to track and transmit information on the accident's
exact position using coordinates. The vibration sensor, on the other hand, was employed to detect
vehicle vibration or crash impact.
Prototype Procedures
The following will be followed in project development of an identifying location and
rescue system. The process will be discussed in this section.
First, prepare all the necessary materials and equipment needed in this project, make sure
that all electrical equipment is being tested and replace the damage equipment to avoid electrical
accident. After that, connect the materials that are needed to be connected in Arduino Uno such as
GPS, GSM module, and Vibration shock sensor. Check if the connections are in right pins because
it may ruin the circuit once that one of the materials are being connected to the wrong ones. Check
the system if every component of it is running properly especially the GPS and GSM module
before starting to make a case for it. The battery that will be supply the entire circuit is from 9V
battery. Then once the connection is finished and the function of each component were tested, start
making the case of the project. The design and size of the case will be constructed base on the 3D
structure given by the proponents. At the enclosure box, make some holes for the passage of the
cords and wires for the connection of sensor that will be placed outside of the box. Once finishing
the case, carefully put the components inside to not ruin the connection and fixed it to not being
shaken once the system are being placed inside the car. Lastly, finalized the design of the system.
Project Description
Accident location and rescue system will help the driver and passenger of the vehicle when
there is a sudden accident by giving the exact location where the accident occurred to allow early
response and rescue the accident victims. The system will work when the vibration sensor triggered
and there are two ways to trigger the sensor, first is when there is a sideswipe collision or light
accident that gives scratch or light damage to the other car and the system will give information to
the police hotline, last is when there is a head-on crash that gives major damage to both cars, the
system will give information both emergency and police hotline.
The main system will be placed under front dash of the car and the sensors will be placed
two on the front bumper and another two at the rear side of the car. The figure below shows the
position of the system and sensors in the car.
Figure 1. Position of Vibration Sensor on Vehicle
Project Design
Figure below shows the design of the system which composed of 150mm x 120mm x
50mm enclosure box. The core components of the project were placed inside the box and from the
outside you can see the antenna for GMS module, switch for the battery, and Arduino port. While
of figure 3 which shows the design of vibration sensor that has wire connected to the system.
Figure 2. Project System Design
Figure 3. Design of Vibration Sensor
Project Casing
The Table below presented the four different types of view, front, back, side, and top view.
It also indicated the detailed measurement of the casing to fully understand the procedure when
doing it in actual.
FRONT VIEW
BACK VIEW
SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
Table 2. Different Views and Dimension of the System
FRONT VIEW
BACK VIEW
SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
Table 3. Different Views and Dimension of Vibration sensor
Block Diagram
The block diagram of Accident Location and Rescue System was shown on figure 2. It
shows the relationship of each hardware components of the system. Arduino Microcontroller
serves as the soul of the entire system because the purpose of it is to communicate with the
electronic devices on how they will act in the entire process. Power supply, GPS, and Vibration
sensor serves as the input part of the system and gives the information to the microcontroller then
the GSM will serve as the output of the system that send the information that being gathered from
the input part of the system.
Power Supply
GSM
Modem
Mobile
Phone
GPS
Arduino
Microcontroller
Vibration
Sensor
Figure 4. Block diagram of the System
Flow Chart
This section presented a visual flow on how the process works and connection of the
system algorithm. s
START
Initialization of
GPS and GSM
Accident
Detected
Waiting for
Accident
Vibration Sensor
Triggered
GPS Get the Exact
Location and GPS
Send SMS to
Major
Damage
Yes
No
Emergency
and Police
Hotline
Police
Hotline
Responder Reach the
Destination to Provide
Assistance
STOP
Figure 5. Presents the Chronological Process of the System