Module 1 Lecture
From you’re your UNIX/Linux : The Ultimate Guide
• Chapter 1 : Introducing UNIX
In your online IFT 250 classroom:
• Module 1
Instructor: Betty Lauer
bjlauer@asu.edu
Operating Systems
• Describe the purpose of an Operating
System.
• Describe Key Features of an Operating
System.
• Common modern features
• Other common services
• Discus some common operating systems in
use today
Unix OS Facts
• Created by Ken Thompson & Dennis
Richie
• Written in C
• Has superior performance
• Applications for Users, Programmers, &
System Administrators
• Rich programmer tools : editors.
Languages, libraries, utilities
Unix OS Facts
• Unique architecture utilizing layered kernel
and interfaces
• Unique architecture utilizing single
purpose components
• Vast utilities & shell commands that when
put together efficiently can be very
powerful
• Services are not fixed
Unix OS Facts
• Can support many concurrent users
• Common setups
• Host system in secure server room with
directly connected terminals or PCs
using terminal emulation in a shared
environment
• Unix workstation
• Utilizes the ASCII character set
Unix System Admins
• What they do:
• Create user accounts
• Manages the system
• Performs backups
• Maintains the disk space
• Installs apps and services
• Etc
• root userID – “superuser”
Logging in and out
• Direct dumb terminal connection via a
serial port
• Telnet on PC via network
• SSH on PC via network
• IFT 250 students will use PUTTY from
their personal computers to access the
ASU “general” computer
• login: prompt with password prompt
• logout: exit or [crtl-d]
ASU’s General Exercise
• Download directions to setup connection
to ASU’s “general” Red Hat Linux box:
• Install PUTTY
• Create User Account
Hands-On
• Log in to bash shell
• Remember that utilities and commands
are case sensitive
• Examples
• date
• who
• mailx
• ps
• echo
Hands-On
• Command structure and syntax
• Commands are executed in the
foreground
• Getting help: man, info, and help
• Pipes: |
• more
• Users
• Common shells: bash, ksh, sh, csh
Hands-On
• File structures
• ls
• pwd
• cp
• mv
• rm
• mkdir , cd , rmdir
• Creating files from consoles : cat
• Redirection: < >
History of UNIX
• 1969: Thompson and Ritchie (AT&T)
• US Law prevented AT&T from selling
• AT&T gave it to education & government
for research
• UC-Berkley created BSD (vi, csh, file sys,
mail)
History of UNIX
• Businesses started creating their versions:
• SUN: Sun OS → Solaris
• IBM-AIX
• HP-UX
• DEC Digital UNIX now TRU64
• Apple-MACOS
• Linux – 1990s
History of UNIX
• TODAY:
• Most supercomputers run UNIX
• Handhelds run modified Linux (Google’s
Android)
• OpenGroup ownsUNIX today
• TCP/IP was network communications
protocol early
• POSIX standards: “write once, adopt
everywhere”
History of Linux
• Developed by Linus Torvalds
• Supported by Richard Stallman of Free
Software Foundation
• Available throught GNU General Public
License specifies that developers and
resellers provide source code
• Popular flavors: Ubuntu, fedora, SUSE,
Debian, Mandriva
• Much free software available
UNIX Architecture
• Division of kernel and shell
• Files have places
• Processes have life
• Utilizes standard libraries and system calls
• Features: repository of apps via
distributions, constant update/release,
uses “building block” approach,
redirection, strong pattern matching
features, programming tools & shell
scripting, extensive documentation
initiatives