The Role of History in Tourism
The Role of History in Tourism
Antonio, Ma. Concepcion – I. E.
ENGN12A
H - 163
Professor Romualdo A. Mabuan
March 1, 2014
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The Role of History in Tourism
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Tourism has developed into a significant international economic industry. As it has
developed it has also become most specialized, with vertical and horizontal company unions
creating different scales of operation in various market segments. The growth in Historical
existence advances in industry development and the growing flexibility in inclusive impacts,
planning and management to tourism have all contributed to the present structure and
characteristics of the tourism industry. As the prominence of industry has increased, the
concentration given to it by system of government administration both the public and private
sectors, and academic tourism has now been known as an worldwide trade and industry activity of
global importance.
This essay examines issues arising from the development and structure of the History of
tourism industry. It also describes qualitative and quantitative research methodologies associated
with the role of history in tourism industry. For those engaged in the industry, the structure,
constituent activities, and environment within which they work partaken an institution to a
complex and multifaceted industry of tourism aims to provide a broad awareness to the industry
and encourage further study and stimulate interest in these fields. It requires input of an economic,
social, cultural, and environmental nature it also discusses:
1. What is the Historical development of Tourism?
2. What are the significant effects of the History in Tourism?
3. How can the History develop the Tourism Industry?
4. How does the Tourism Industry in the Past differ from the Tourism industry at present?
What is the Historical Development of Tourism?
The Role of History in Tourism
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Silva (2006) defines the History of tourism as the word travel related to the French word
travail, which means “work.” Around ancient history, travel is a great deal of work that is required
in terms of time and effort to make a journey for the purpose of survival rather than pleasure. While
Cook et al. (2010) examines that travel begins to occur out of sense of “Adventure and Curiosity.”
The story of travel and tourism essentially mirrors the advance of mankind. As human beings
evolved and transportation and technology improved, people expressed further to experience new
things.
As I cited from the studies of Personal, Social and Humanities Education Section Education
Bureau (2009) they pointed out the brief summary of Historical development of Tourism in Roman
Empire Period during that time travel have already been develop for military, trade and political
reason, as well as for communication of memorandums from the dominant to its aloof domains.
Travel was also necessary for the artists and architects imported to design and construct the great
palaces and tombs. During this era accommodation and food services are essential. For Middle
Age Period traveling for religious regions have growth since then where it had become organize
for people to travel for pilgrims to visit their “holy land”, such as Muslims to Mecca, and Christians
to Jerusalem and Rome. In 16th Century trade and commerce had risen up its growth and
development that broaden their own experience and knowledge. Up to the 17th Century people
tent to travel for the purpose of civilizing and knowing many things in this world to widen up their
knowledge. This was known as the Grand Tour, which became a necessary part of the training of
future administrators and political leaders. For Industrial Revolution Period where we are living
as of now this development had created the mass tourism. This period turned most people away
from basic agriculture into the town / factory and urban way of life. As a result, there was a rapid
The Role of History in Tourism
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growth of the wealth and education level of the middle class, as well as an increase of leisure time
and a demand for holiday tourism activities. At that time, travel for health became most
prominence. Into19th-20th Centuries tourism had impacts on social and technological as it changes
to a new tourism. Great advances in science and technology made possible the invention of rapid,
safe and relatively cheap forms of transport which made travel much easier today than in earlier
times. Foregoing few existences of 1980s business and leisure travel prolonged very rapidly were
it has called the boom years. In 1990s the industry faces high operational costs, including wage,
oil prices, handling fee of Central Reservation System somewhere a new development brings
benefits to us as ticketing travelling in airlines. The advance in technology also allows the airlines
and other travel suppliers to sell directly to travellers through the Internet where they can now log
on to the Internet easily reach for travel information, book a simple ticket or hotel room through
their personal computer at home.
The Interaction between tourism and indigenous history had provided a new source of
fieldwork for the development of Tourism Industry. Lickorish (1997, pp.10) History is a study of
Tourism, not simply because there maybe lessons to learn but rather because the seeds of future
growth are to be found in the past. The progress in technology allows the development of
tourism into indigenous era where we find our findings in easier way. Without the past tourism
industry are not meant to be develop as it is now we may now be out of nowhere in this world.
These developments have given us an opportunity to have what we have now. Only by knowing
the relevant past can we probably comprehend the present and deal wisely with possible futures
which we learn from and then, possibly, succeed in future.
What are the significant effects of History and Tourism?
The Role of History in Tourism
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Tourism is not only the world’s largest trade, but a phenomenon of a great social as well as
economic importance. It is a mass movement of people impacting on a large number of destinations
visited and many services trades, with major consequences. Chawla (2006) specified tourism as
mostly appreciated in terms of economic impacts, jobs and taxes. But the range of impact from
tourism is wide-ranging. It is often sways areas beyond those commonly connected with tourism.
Those who apprehend the potential impacts of tourism can integrate this industry in to their
community in most optimistic way. The impacts of tourism can be sorted into seven general
categories economic, environmental, social and cultural, crowding and congestion, services, taxes,
community attitude.
The impacts of tourism have been historically the most researched area of tourism. And
Economic Impact has been most researched among the other types of impacts. As Mason (2008,
pp.45) indicates the study of (Lickorish, 1994) the economic impacts of tourism are commonly
considered as positive effects contribution to foreign exchange earnings, contribution to
government revenues, generation of employment, contribution to regional development however
negative consequences of tourism include inflation, opportunity costs, overdependence on tourism.
This was found to be true as (Lickorish, 1997, pp.64) on the other hand emphasizing the economic
impacts of tourism as the balance of payments as one of the economic impacts of tourism. Balance
of payments accounts must balance the either the transfer to or form reserves or by external
borrowing. Tourism and foreign exchange earnings from tourism are the receipts of non-domestic
currency earned by selling goods and services to foreign tourist which include the multiplier
analysis used to estimate the ongoing impact of tourist expenditures in the economy.
The Role of History in Tourism
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On the other hand Chawla (2006, pp. 6) believe that in developing an industry it has to meet
some requirement to maximize the selected positive impacts while minimizing the potential
negative impacts. The positive impacts of economic contributes to income and standard living,
improves local economy, increases investments, development, and infrastructure spending,
increases tax revenues, improves public utilities infrastructure, improves transport infrastructure,
increase opportunities for shopping, economic impact and it creates new business opportunities.
Whereas the negative impacts increases price goods and services, price of land and housing, cot
of living, potential for imported labor, cost of additional infrastructure, increase in road
maintenance and transportation system costs, seasonal tourism creates high-risk under or
employment issues, completion with land with other economic uses, profits may be exported by
non-local workers, jobs may pay low wages. As tourism grows considering the economic impacts
of tourism, it is essential to understand that tourism business often include an employment,
businesses, and community.
Each category comprises its positive and negative impacts in the extremes tourism that has
subsidizes to a wide range of issues many of which seem insignificant but diminish from the quality
of life. Not all impacts are relevant to every community because conditions or resources differ.
Tourism is often seen as the solution toward economic hardship rather than a diversification of the
local economy. Community and Tourism leaders must balance an array of impacts that may either
advance or negatively affect communities and their inhabitants. Despite these economic and sociocultural differences from impacts of tourism there is still a growing concern that these social
preferences and prejudices some inter-cultural conflict may help to develop the tourism industry.
How can the History develop the Tourism Industry?
The Role of History in Tourism
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The main objective of this essay is to aim how history can develop the tourism industry with
the documentation of tourism history. It provides a brief context to studying tourism history and
explains why it serves as a useful concept to assess the study of the process of a tourist destination’s
development. Chatkaewnapanon (2011) testified in his thesis an understanding of the
comprehensive relationship concerning history and tourism is important to make sense of the
tourism history approach. Therefore, this essay includes the fundamentally historical perspective
with tourism studies by seeking to understand the role of tourism as significant events or a cause
of the history, the role of tourism to historical writing needs to be discussed.
Conferring to Pearce (1989) he stated tourist development can be classified in different way
of viewed from the several perspectives but essential term expressing two basic conceptions
tourism and development hence the interrelationships between the two is set to scene the
discussions of tourist development that had been made between the body of literature on tourism
and that on development. Tourism is thus a multi-faceted activity and a geographically complex
one as different stages from the origin to the destination. Moreover Smith et al. (2010) accentuate
and wrote in the key concepts in the field of tourism in tourist studies that present the theories of
as the following. Anthropology of Tourism is concerned with the social and cultural nature of
tourism and the behavior of tourist. Arts Tourism refers to travel which is motivated by an interest
in the performing and visual arts including opera, ballet, music and arts festivals. Authenticity in
Tourism can be identified as the value that the tourist and hosts place on the development and
consumption of what are perceived to be genuine cultural events, products and experiences.
Backpacking is independent in travel undertaken by individuals or small groups, which tend to be
flexible, low budget and with light baggage. Business tourism involves the travel and
The Role of History in Tourism
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accommodation of people who are travelling for reasons of reasons of employment or professional
interest. Rogers (2003) suggests that business is a modern phenomenon for developing the tourism
industry since ancient times. Crisis Management in the tourism industry could be defined as the
way in which tourism destinations and the tourism industry respond to sudden disasters or
catastrophes, which can be natural or man-made. Cultural Tourism could be defined as tourism
that focuses on cultural attractions, activities and practices as major motivating factors or travel.
Dark Tourism consists of tourist visiting to the sites associated with death, disaster, warfare,
genocide and human suffering. These sites also include memorials to the dead and burial grounds.
Destination Management refers to the processes of Tourism planning managing and coordination
that take place in the tourist destinations, usually carried out by destination management
organization. Economics of tourism refers to the contribution that tourism makes to global,
national and local economies. This can include income, employment and exports. Ecotourism takes
place in unspoiled natural areas and in a form of tourism that strives to conserve the environment,
enhance the lives of local communities and educate the visitor associated with sustainable tourism
and ethical tourism that features the nature based, ecologically sustainable, environmentally
educative, locally beneficial and satisfying for tourist. Ethical Tourism is a form of tourism that
has been specifically designed to encourage both the tourism industry and tourist. E-tourism refers
to the application of new technologies of activities within the tourism sector. Experience economy
refers to a proposed new economic era based, not on the delivery of services, but on the staging by
businesses of memorable experiences. Festivals and Events Tourism covers attendance at
traditional or contemporary celebrations of culture. Films and TV Tourism describes tourism visits
prompted by seeing a location on television or at the cinema. Gastronomic Tourism includes visits
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to destinations which are motivated primarily by an interest in indigenous national or regional
gastronomy. Gay Tourism GLBT gay, lesbian, Bi-Sexual and Transgender. Geography of Tourism
usually refers to the physical and cultural geography of consumption, supply, demand, and
transport in tourism. Health and wellness tourism this consist of forms which focus on activities
and practices which contribute to personal health. Heritage Tourism focuses on historic attractions,
buildings, and objects as well as intangible forms of culture such as traditions and lifestyle of
communities. Identity is concerned with how we see ourselves, whether individually, collectively
or as a nation. Indigenous Tourism involves visiting native or indigenous people, such as tribal
groups or ethnic minorities in their natural habitat. Literary Tourism describes tourism activity is
motivated by interest in an author, a literary creation or setting, or the literary heritage of
destination. Mature Tourism usually refers to baby boomer or bobous generation of tourist from
western development countries aged 55 who are travelling in ever increasing number. Mobility
refers to our ability to move. Neo Colonialism is a term used to describe the operations of capitalist
forces in era when empires are no longer in existence. Planning Tourism is controlled and
integrated development of tourism. Post Tourism or post-modern tourist is a consumer.
Regeneration is a renewal of an environment which has decline economically, environmentally
and socially. Religious and spiritual Tourism, religious focuses on the visiting religious sites,
monuments or destination. Rural tourism describes forms of tourism activity that takes place in
countryside regions and which encompass local culture, traditions and industries. Self and other
refers to an individual’s own personal identity and hoe that sense of self is partly shaped by
relationship with others. Sex Tourism is travel with the sole or partial intention of pursuing sexual
intercourse with other. Sociology of Tourism is concerned with the relations between tourist as
The Role of History in Tourism
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types, and the structuring, function and consequences of the tourist system in general. Special
Interest Tourism is defined as travelling with the primary motivation of practicing or enjoying a
special interest. Sports and Adventure Tourism is defined as the active, passive, or nostalgic
engagement with sports. Sustainable Tourism applies the concept of sustainable development to
the tourism industry. Tourist Gaze refers to the idea that tourists’ way of seeing places and people.
Urban Tourism refers to visiting cities and towns with the purpose of leisure activity.
The growth of tourism had largely urbanized as it faces the new modernization many of
industrialization have already been affected thus it has impacts the society divisions which we
have part taken as an individual being. A variety of important factors contributed to the
development of tourism during the past. Mason (1990) suggested five major reasons for the growth
of tourism. A rise in industrial output associated with the industrially revolution that in turn led to
an increase in the standard of living. The improvements in transport technology which led to
cheaper and more accessible travel, the introduction of annual holidays towards the end of the
nineteenth century, Changing perceptions of the environment. Locations that were once viewed as
hostile, were now seen as attractive, an increase desire to travel partly related to the improvements
in education. As these changes have been preserved since the ancient times, the quality and thus
the attractiveness, of a destination environment, a combination of its many physical and cultural
facets is the result of the centuries of development. The things that have bygone past we cannot
restore therefore it is important to sustain the tourism as we have taken our time. To protect and
improve the environment, to ensure economic security for everyone, to create a more equitable
and fairer society are route of ways to sustainability that lies in recognizing, promoting and
developing the linkages between the economic, social and environmental objectives.
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How does Tourism Industry in the past differ from the Tourism Industry at present?
Tourism was not common until the late 1800s. However, today’s tourism is truly a global
industry, catering to every type of traveler. Smith et al. (2010) agree on Graham et al. (2000)
differentiates between the term past, history and heritage. The past is concerned with all that has
ever happened, whereas history is the attempts of present day historians to explained selected
aspects of the past. There are relatively few studies that state the history of tourism industry
through time, with many being purposeful on specific eras or ages in time in other words, tourism
is considered to be a dynamic activity which matches dramatic events through time of different
eras this was concluded on article of (Development of Tourism between the Past, Present and
Future in the Civilizing Impact of Modern, 2007).
As Oroian stated in his research from past until into the development of heritage tourism
into a new and modern tourism industry though implied the ancient times of Egypt era travel have
already been occur for both business and pleasure. Furthermore added the historical development
of Tourism from Early age, where in ancient times we began to see the development of routes for
the purpose of facilitating trade and the creation of specialized, if somewhat crude, and vehicles
specifically for traveling. Egyptian travel was necessary between the central government and the
outlying territories. To accommodate travelers on official business, hospitality centers were built
along major routes and in the cities. Egyptians also traveled for pleasure, and public festivals were
held several times a year. Assyrian and Persians means of travel were improved, largely for
military use. Roads were improved, markers were established to indicate distances, and posts and
wells were developed for safety and nourishment. Even today we see the influence of military
The Role of History in Tourism
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construction aiding pleasure travel. In Greeks travel occurs merely for official business was less
important as Greece was divided into city-states that were fiercely independent. Pleasure travel
did exist in three areas for religious festivals, for sporting events (most notably the Olympic
Games), and to visit cities, especially Athens. On Romans transportation, roads and waterways
were excellent. Europeans Pilgrims the time that Roman Empire collapsed in the fifth century, roads
fell into disuse and barbarians made it unsafe to travel. Whereas a Roman courier could travel up
to 160 kilometers a day, the average daily rate of journey during the middle Ages was 32
kilometers. It was not until the twelfth century that the roads became secure again. This was due
to the large numbers of travelers going on pilgrimages. Renaissance Pilgrimages were still
important although journeys to Jerusalem declined because of the growth of Protestantism in
Europe. Grand Tour was initially a sixteenth-century Elizabethan concept brought about by the
need to develop a class of professional statesmen and ambassadors. The practice developed into
the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries until it became almost routine. No gentleman's education
was complete until he spent from one to three years traveling around Europe with a tutor. Thus,
travel became a requirement for those seeking to develop the mind and accumulate knowledge.
The Victorian age the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century’s two major factors affected the
development of tourism. First, the Industrial Revolution accelerated the movement from rural to
urban areas. This produced a large number of people in a relatively small area. The desire to
“escape”, even for a brief period, was present. Associated with this was the development of steam
engines in the form of trains and steamships. This allowed the means to escape. The development
of spas was largely due to the medical profession, which, during the seventeenth century, began to
recommend the medicinal properties of mineral waters. The idea originated, however, with the
The Role of History in Tourism
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Greeks. Their popularity continued, however, into the nineteenth century. Growth of seaside
resorts medical profession, the British court, and Napoleon all helped popularize the seaside resort.
The original motive for sea bathing was for reasons of health. Early travel in the US the first
development of note was that of resorts. With the encouragement of physicians, resorts like
Saratoga in New York State became very fashionable by the early 1800s. Ocean resorts also
became attractive for health reasons initially, although amusements soon sprang up as well. It took
the development of the railway to open up the country to travelers. Transportation the mode of
transportation available determines the destinations to which one can travel. The location of
accommodation, in turn, followed the development of transportation like the travel of Coach, rail,
water, road, and air has well progress. Accommodations such as early inns, the grand hotel, motels,
and hotels have also been known in the developing industry of tourism. Oroian also explains the
dimension of tourism attractions, facilities, transportation and hospitality.
Oroian explained his study of tourism from past until into the development of heritage
tourism into a new and modern tourism industry on the other hand compared to Boksberger (2008)
as stated on his researched he explain the past and present tourism as simply as showing a diagram
that shows the current rates of percentage of every economic, social and cultural tourism had
impact the tourism industry.
Conclusion
Tourism has developed into a significant value to industry as it contributes many factors
influencing ultimatum for tourism. Lickorish (1997) affirms that tourism demand is influenced by
many factors including financial, economic, social and cultural. Special interest are particularly
The Role of History in Tourism
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powerful motivators however essentially demand is a function of real discretionary income levels
conditioned by motivating factors. Despite these importance economic advantages is far more
growth concern that essentially mirrors the tourism which cause an impact to exchange of people,
and people bring with them their social preferences and prejudices, some intercultural conflict may
develop.
In the case of tourism period, the analysis of the role of history in understanding of change
associated with tourism development is to examine the use of the terms theme place and time in
local history perspective in specific tourist destination applications. As tourism involves various
aspects of a destination’s economy, politics and culture, thus, it is clearly perceived as significant
cause of many changes as a tourist purpose. The discussion on tourism history needs to consider
the local historical perspective. It has clarified the importance of this approach, tourism historical
research, being undertaken thorough focusing on people and their socio-cultural and physical
environments at the local level. Tourism history addresses concentrations on how locals change
and their adaptation toward tourism development at the tourist destination by taking on their
history and cultural heritages into the study. Moreover, tourism historical discourse is not only
related to the local area but is also subjective by domestic history and the state’s tourism
development plans. The requirements for amalgamation and multi-timeframe considerations direct
courtesy to important hypothetical measurements that can be treasured and offer a focused and
comprehensive understanding of what it takes to be a tourist destination. This allows for an
understanding of the developments of alteration and variation of a tourist purpose’s society and
natural features within its tourism development period.
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According to Smith (2010) of (Larkham, 1995) traditional view of heritage tourism had the
concepts of preservation, conservation, and exploitation that remain differentiated. Preservation
involves the retention, largely unchanged form of sites and objects of major cultural significance.
Conservation encompasses the idea that some form of restoration should be undertaken to bring
old buildings and sites into suitable modern use. And exploitation recognizes the value of heritage
sites, particularly for tourism and recreation, and encompasses the development of existing new
sites. Krapf’s concludes that tourism has a Special function in developing countries, a function
which he defines in terms of a series of economic imperatives.
Reference
Books:
Chawla, R. (2006) Impacts and Development Series, Impacts of Tourism
Dusit Thani College. (2012). Principles of Tourism I. Lyceum of the Philippine University.
Cook et.al. (2010)
The Role of History in Tourism
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Jennings, G. (2010), Tourism Research, Second Edition. Australia. John Wiley & Sons Australia
Ltd.Tourism Series
Lickorish, L.J. & Jenkins, C.L. (1997). An Introduction to Tourism. Great Britain, Thomson
Litho Ltd, East Kilbride, Scotland
Mason, P. (2008). Tourism Impacts, Planning, and. Managements, Second Edition. Oxford, UK.
Elsevier Ltd.
Silva, K. E. & Howard, D. M. (2006) Hospitality and Tourism, The McGraw Hill, Glencoe’s
Smith, M. & Macleod, N. et. al, (2010), Key Concepts in Tourist Studies. London. SAGE
Publications Inc.
EBooks:
Pearce, D. (1989). Tourist Development, Second Edition. England. Longman Group. UK
Retrieve from books.google.com.ph/books?isbn=0582014352
Anonymous, (2007). The Development of Tourism between the Past, Present and Future in the
Civilizing Impact of Modern Technology. International Research Journal of Tourism
Management. Alzaytoonah University of Jordan, (Vol. 1, No. 1, May 2013, PP: 10- 10)
Retrieve from http://acascipub.com/Journals.php.
Boksberger, P. et. al, (2008). Between Past, Present and Future – Implications of Sociodemographic Changes in Tourism. Retrieve from www.springer.com 9783540921981c1%20.pdf
Hanpachern, R. (2013). Understanding a Tourist Destination: A Tourism History Approach.
International Journal of Asian Social Science. Research and Development Institute, Khon Kaen
University, Thailand
Retrieved from http://www.aessweb.com/pdf-files/ijass%203(12)-2399-2408.pdf
Internet Sources:
Burkart, A. J. & Medlik, S. (1990). Historical Development of Tourism.
Retrieved from http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19911889163.html#
Chatkaewnapanon, Y. (2011). Tourism and History. Change and adaptions of locals in the
Tourism period. New Zealand. University of Otago.
The Role of History in Tourism
Retrieve from
Oroian, M. Tourism : It’s Historical Development
Retrieve from http://www.academia.edu/2415708/Tourism_-_its_historical_development
Appendix - A
Outline
I.
Introduction
A. Introduce field or text
B. Focus
17
The Role of History in Tourism
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C. Sign post structure
D. Indicate approach thesis
II.
Body
A. What is the historical development of tourism?
1. Silva, K. E. & Howard, D. M. (2006). Hospitality and Tourism. United States of
America, Mc Graw Hill Glencoe, History of Tourism ,(pp.11)
2. Dusit Thani College. (2012). Principles of Tourism I. Lyceum of the Philippine
University. Prerecorded History Cook et.al. (2010).
3. Personal, Social and Humanities Education Section Education Bureau. (April
09). Manual on Module I Introduction to Tourism. Retrieve from
file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Criselda/My%20Documents/Fil
es/26_Aug_Tourism_English.pdf
4. Lickorish, L.J. & Jenkins, C.L. (1997). An Introduction to Tourism. Great
Britain, Thomson Litho Ltd, East Kilbride, Scotland (pp.10)
5. Synthesis
B. What are the significant effects of history in tourism?
1. Chawla, R. (2006). Impacts and Development Series, Impacts of Tourism. New
Delhi. Sonali Publications.
2. Mason, P. (2008). Tourism Impacts, Planning, and. Managements, Second
Edition. Oxford, UK. Elsevier Ltd. (pp.45)
3. Lickorish, L.J. & Jenkins, C.L. (1997). An Introduction to Tourism. Great
Britain, Thomson Litho Ltd, East Kilbride, Scotland. (pp.64)
The Role of History in Tourism
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4. Mason, P. (2008). Tourism Impacts, Planning, and. Managements, Second
Edition. Oxford, UK. Elsevier Ltd. (pp.57)
5.
Lickorish, L.J. & Jenkins, C.L. (1997). An Introduction to Tourism. Great
Britain, Thomson Litho Ltd, East Kilbride, Scotland. (pp.66)
6. Chawla, R. (2006). Impacts and Development Series, Impacts of Tourism. New
Delhi. Sonali Publications. (pp. 6)
7. Synthesis
C. How can history develop the tourism industry?
1. Chatkaewnapanon, Y. (2011). Tourism and History. Change and adaptions of
locals in the tourism period. New Zealand. University of Otago. Retrieve from
file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Criselda/My%20Documents/Fil
es/ChatkaewnapanonY2011MTour.pdf
2. Pearce, D. (1989). Tourist Development, Second Edition. England. Longman
Group UK
3. Smith, M. & Macleod, N. et. al, (2010), Key Concepts in Tourist Studies.
London. SAGE Publications Inc.
4. Mason, P. (2008). Tourism Impacts, Planning, and. Managements, Second
Edition. Oxford, UK. Elsevier Ltd. (pp.57)
5. Synthesis
D. How does Tourism Industry in the past differ from the Tourism Industry at present?
1. Silva, K. E. & Howard, D. M. (2006). Hospitality and Tourism. United States of
America, Mc Graw Hill Glencoe, History of Tourism (pp.10)
The Role of History in Tourism
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2. Anonymous, (2007). The Development of Tourism Between the Past, Present
and Future in the Civilizing Impact of Modern Technology. International Research
Journal of Tourism Management. Alzaytoonah University of Jordan. (Vol. 1, No.
1, May 2013, PP: 10- 10) Retrieve from URL.
http://acascipub.com/Journals.php.
3. Oroian, M. Tourism – its Historical Development.
Retrieve from URL
http://www.academia.edu/2415708/Tourism_-_its_historical_development
4. Synthesis
III.
Conclusion
A. Findings
B. Overall conclusions
C. Relation to a problem
Appendix – C
Gantt Chart
APA Paper
Parts
January
Week
1
Research Title
Research
Questions for
Discussion
Week
2
Week
3
February
Week
4
Week
1
Week
2
Week
3
March
Week
4
Week
1
Week
2
Week
3
Week
4
The Role of History in Tourism
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Gantt Chart
Annotated
Bibliography
Outline
Draft of
introduction
Draft of
discussion 1
Draft of
discussion 2
Draft of
discussion 3
Draft of
discussion 4
Final draft (All
Parts)
Editing &
Revising
Final Paper
PowerPoint
Presentation
Submission
Appendix - D
Annotated Bibliography
Anonymous, (2007). The Development of Tourism Between the Past, Present and Future in the
Civilizing Impact of Modern Technology. International Research Journal of Tourism
Management. Alzaytoonah University of Jordan. (Vol. 1, No. 1, May 2013, PP: 10- 10).
Retrieve from URL: http://acascipub.com/Journals.php.
The Role of History in Tourism
22
Boksberger, P. et, al. (2008). Between Past, Present and Future – Implications of Sociodemographic Changes in Tourism. Retrieve from www.springer.com 9783540921981-c1%20.pdf
The possibilities and limits of today’s tourism industry analyses regarding the predicted future
travel behavior on the basis of socio-demographic changes. Based on a written survey of Germanspeaking visitors of a destination in Switzerland, the results support the thesis of cohort-specific
travel behavior. The highlighted changes shall serve as a source for the development of a more
diversified supply structure in tourism directed to the mature customer.
Burkart, A. J. & Medlik, S. (1990). Historical Development of Tourism. (pp. 54) Retrieved from
http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19911889163.html#
This paper discusses the possibilities and limits of today’s tourism industry analyses regarding the
predicted future travel behavior on the basis of socio-demographic changes. The book completes
a review of the main developments in tourism over the past 200 or 300 years. The general theme
is that tourism is supply led. The first section, entitled 'The beginnings of tourism' contains
references to the Romans and a description of the era of the 'grand tour'.
Chatkaewnapanon, Y. (2011). Tourism and History. Change and adaptions of locals in the tourism
period. New Zealand. University of Otago. Retrieve from
The\thesis proposes an analytic framework of tourism history and discusses its value for a tourist
destination’s analysis. Employing a tourism history perspective, the thesis focuses on Koh Samui
case study as a reference. This is done to illustrate specific points of the thesis’s argument, such as
demonstrating the validity of the analytic tool, which in this thesis links history philosophy and
their perspectives) with tourism studies.
The Role of History in Tourism
23
Chawla, R. (2006). Impacts and Development Series, Impacts of Tourism. New Delhi. Sonali
According to Romila Chawla tourism is mostly appreciated in terms of economic impacts, jobs
and taxes. But the range of impact from tourism is wide-ranging. It is often sways areas beyond
those commonly connected with tourism. Those who apprehend the potential impacts of tourism
can integrate this industry in to their community in most optimistic way.
Dusit Thani College. (2012). Principles of Tourism I. Lyceum of the Philippine University.
Prerecorded History Cook et.al. (2010).
This book is to provide essential information, basic ideas and practices that applies the mechanisms
of tourism; tourism demand and tourist motivation, the impacts of tourism and application of
computer technology in tourism. Other structures encompassed are the key technical relations and
real-life circumstances case revisions, associated to the topics.
Jennings, G. (2010), Tourism Research, Second Edition. Australia. John Wiley & Sons Australia
Ltd.Tourism Series
Tourism Research, second Edition, make known to the theories of qualitative and numerical
exploration practices supplementary with the tourism industry. The relationship of tourism inquiry,
and its substructures, bases and methods, with the consequences for tourism improvement,
planning and administration are discoursed in the book.
Lickorish, L.J. & Jenkins, C.L. (1997). An Introduction to Tourism. Great Britain, Thomson Litho
Ltd, East Kilbride, Scotland
The Role of History in Tourism
24
An Introduction to Tourism is the necessary guide to the tourism industry it offers a comprehensive
and respected summary to all sides of tourism. Tourism has transformed fundamentally in recent
years with the consent of many industrial and commercial changes and an ever increasing
apprehension for the environment. This book provides a down to earth introduction to this
composite and complicated activity.
Mason, P. (2008). Tourism Impacts, Planning, and. Managements, Second Edition. Oxford, UK.
Elsevier Ltd.
Tourism impacts, planning and management are a exceptional writing, which associations these
three decisive areas of tourism- impacts, planning and management. Tourism impacts, planning
and management are multi-faceted and for that reason tough to plan for and manage. Thus Tourism
takes in preparation and administration notions and matters. The future of tourism concerns of
sustainability and the forthcoming.
Oroian, M. Tourism – its Historical Development. Retrieve from
http://www.academia.edu/2415708/Tourism_-_its_historical_development
Pearce, D. (1989). Tourist Development, Second Edition. England. Longman Group UK
Tourism is suitable progressively significant both socially and economically, as it continue to grow
throughout the world. Such growth has elevated many queries regarding the nature and impact of
tourism development, adding stimulus to research within the field. Tourist development, now in
its second edition, compromises a comprehensive and up-to-date- synthesis of modern studies and
through, give emphasis to concepts, outlines and procedures gives a efficient overview of the topic
on a inclusive basis.
The Role of History in Tourism
25
Silva, K. E. & Howard, D. M. (2006) Hospitality and Tourism, The McGraw Hill, Glencoe’s
Hospitality and Tourism does more that teach students above travel, tourism, lodging, and food
service industries. It also helps them develop skills that will help them develop skills that will help
them succeed in their careers. Working for hospitality and tourism businesses requires training,
experience, and personal skills for employees as well as managers.
Smith, M. & Macleod, N. et. al, (2010), Key Concepts in Tourist Studies. London. SAGE
Publications Inc.
The clever strategic concepts series withdraws learners with reachable and influential knowledge
of the important topics in variety of disciplines. Cross-referenced thru, the format encourages
critical evaluation through understanding. Written by experienced and respected academics, the
book are indispensable study aids and guides to comprehension.
Appendix – D
Resume
Ma. Conception – I E. Antonio
Blk. 54 Lot 28 10th-29th St. Villamor Airbase Pasay City
09272749159
conantonio19@gmail.com
Objective: To become a Tour Guide in Travel Agency Company.
Education:
Lyceum of the Philippines University- Manila
Bachelor of Science in International Travel and Tourism Management
The Role of History in Tourism
Pasay City South High School
H.S. Diploma, April 2011
Activities
Member of a Red Cross for one year in High School
A campaign manager for Kalayaan Party list
A member of LPU-TSA
A member of Environmental Science Society
A member of Math Club
Skills
Languages: English, Japanese and Chinese
Good Intrapersonal skills and with pleasing personality.
Hard working and Flexible on all types of work
Trustworthy, Patience and Organized
Interests
Reading Books, Writing, Artistic Drawing and Writing Poems and Novel
26