TOPIC
THE COLD WAR
How did the Cold War period shape
international relations
after World War II?
These slides give all the illustrations from
Topic 1 of the Grade 12 History book, in
colour where possible. However, the
illustrations are not given in exactly the
same order as the illustrations in the book.
These illustrations are ordered so that a
teacher can follow a logical lecture format.
The illustrations in the book
are ordered for effective
page layouts, and often to
accompany the first mention
of a particular person.
www.theanswer.co.za
left-wing
redistribution of
assets
country
right-wing
accumulation
of assets
Each country usually contains both
left-wing and right-wing ideas
(which conflict)
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3
Canada
Iceland
Norway
East Germany
Denmark
Poland
Poland
UK
France
West Germany
Belgium
Netherlands
Italy
Hungary
Hungary
Luxembourg
Romania
Romania
Portugal
Turkey
Greece
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
THE WESTERN BLOC
Spain
Albania
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Albania
THE EASTERN BLOC
THE TWO SIDES OF THE COLD WAR
www.theanswer.co.za
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3
THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
4
G&T
left-wing
Left-wing economic policy includes
high government spending (G)
on upliftment projects,
therefore high taxes (T)
or the nationalisation of businesses
is required to finance this.
www.theanswer.co.za
G&T
right-wing
Right-wing economic policy uses
low government spending (G)
so that only low taxes (T)
are needed to fund this.
Nationalisation of private
businesses is discouraged.
See page
4
left-wing
communism
www.theanswer.co.za
socialism
right-wing
social
liberalism
classic
liberalism
autocracy
See page
4
The main combatant countries in World War II, grouped according to
whether they belonged to the Axis group or the Allies.
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
4
left-wing
USSR
China
right-wing
France
USA
UK
Germany
Japan
Italy
On the political spectrum, the Axis powers were on the far right,
but the Allies spanned a range from the left to the right.
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5
WEST
EAST
During the mid-1900s there was a tendency
for right-wing ideas to be dominant in the West,
and for left-wing ideas to be dominant in the East.
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5
THE WAY THAT
WORLD WAR II ENDED
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5
Chancellor Adolf Hitler
of Germany
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5
Source: "Bundesarchiv Bild 183-S33882, Adolf Hitler retouched" by Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-S33882 / CCBY-SA. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 de via Wikimedia Commons.
Premier
Joseph Stalin
of the United Soviet
Socialist Republics
(USSR)
(in office 1941–1953)
www.theanswer.co.za
(in office 1940–1945
& 1951–1955)
President Truman
of the United States
of America
(in office 1945–1953)
Source: United States Library of Congress's Prints
and Photographs Division: ID cph.3b42159.
Wikimdeia Commons.
Source: Frank Gatteri, United States Army Signal
Corps Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Library of Congress. Reproduction
Number: LC-USW33-019081-C United States.
Wikimedia Commons.
Prime Minister
Winston Churchill
of the United
Kingdom (UK)
Source: Photograph HU 90973 from the
Imperial War Museums. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Elias Goldensky.
USA Library of Congress's Prints and hotographs
Division: ID cph.3c17121. Wikimedia Commons.
President
Franklin D. Roosevelt
of the United States
of America (USA)
(in office 1933–1945)
Charles de Gaulle,
the leader of
Free France during
World War II,
and later
President of France
See page
5 -7
USSR
UK
Germany
France
Italy
In 1945 the Allies were invading Germany from two sides:
the Americans, British and French from the west and south (shown by the
white arrows), and the Russians from the east (shown by the black arrows).
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6
Soviet soldiers after taking control of Berlin
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See page
7
Source: German Federal Archives. Allgemeiner Deutscher Nachrichtendienst - Zentralbild (Bild 183). Bild 183-R77767.
Wikimedia Commons.
DENMARK
French
sector
Berlin
British
zone
British
sector
POLAND
NETHERLANDS
Soviet
sector
USA
sector
Soviet
zone
BELGIUM
French
zone
USA
zone
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
USSR
FRANCE
AUSTRIA
SWITZERLAND
HUNGARY
ROMANIA
ITALY
YUGOSLAVIA
The four parts of occupied Germany, and the four parts of the occupied capital city of Berlin
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7
Berlin
Poland
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8
THE USSR AND USA
AND THE CREATION OF
SPHERES OF INTEREST
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9
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
9
Source: Matthew from Odiham, United Kingdom, altered
(East Germany)
Poland
(PL)
Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics
(USSR)
(GDR)
Hungary
(HU)
Bulgaria
(BG)
Czechoslovakia
(CZ)
Albania
(AL)
Romania
(RO)
Source: ANEFO
German
Democratic
Republic
Vyacheslav Molotov,
Soviet Foreign Minister
The USSR and its satellite states in the late 1940s
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(1939–1949
1953–1956)
See page
9 &11
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
9
Source: Matthew from Odiham, United Kingdom, altered
The town of Wesel in West Germany after World War II
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See page
9
Source: Sergeant Wilkes. No 5 Army Film & Photographic Unit. Photograph BU 7670 from the collections of the Imperial War
Museums. Wikimedia Commons.
POLAND
www.theanswer.co.za
Source: Denelson83.Wikipedia.
22 July 1944
Source: DocentX. Wikimedia Commons.
Capital city: Warsaw
See page
10
Capital city: Sofia
www.theanswer.co.za
Source: Scroch. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece. Wikimedia Commons.
BULGARIA
9 September 1944
See page
10
Capital city: Belgrade
www.theanswer.co.za
Source: Srpskicrv. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Dungodung (Filip Maljkovic). Wikimedia Commons.
YUGOSLAVIA
11 November 1945
See page
10
Capital city: Tirana
www.theanswer.co.za
Source: Ryan Wilson. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Albinfo. Wikimedia Commons.
ALBANIA
2 December 1945
See page
10
ROMANIA
www.theanswer.co.za
Source: Alex:D. Wikimedia Commons.
30 December 1947
Source: Korinna. Wikimedia Commons.
Capital city: Bucharest
See page
10
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
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Source: PavelD. Wikimedia Commons.
25 February 1948
Source: Carmelo Bayarcal
Capital city: Prague
See page
10
HUNGARY
www.theanswer.co.za
Source: Thommy
15 May 1949
Source: Maurice. Wikimedia Commons.
Capital city: Budapest
See page
10
Capital city: East Berlin
www.theanswer.co.za
Source: Wappenentwurf: Heinz Behling. Diese Datei:
Jwnabd. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Sergio Calleja
EAST GERMANY
7 October 1949
See page
10
AUSTRIA
FRANCE
USSR
ITALY
Black Sea
TURKEY
GREECE
Mediterranean Sea
IRAN
Turkish Straits
Six countries in Europe and the Middle East that were
not communist but had strong communist movements
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See page
11
Source: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. ARC Identifier 541691.
Wikimedia Commons.
Source: US Army. Photograph 9781568496047.
Wikimedia Commons.
General George Marshall,
US Army Chief of Staff
(1939–1945),
USA Secretary of State
(1947–1949),
and
US Secretary of Defence
(1950–1951)
West Berlin (circa 1948) recovering with American aid
made available through the Marshall Plan
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See page
11 &13
The spread of
communism
1944
Truman Doctrine
1947
COMINFORM
+ Molotov Plan
1947
Marshall Plan
+ OEEC 1948
COMECON
1949
Events leading to the establishment of COMECON
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See page
11
www.theanswer.co.za
Source: USSR
Wikimedia Commons.
Source: http://www.trumanlibrary.org/photographs/
view.php?id=256.
Lucius B Clay, an
American general and
the military governor of
the American zone of
occupied Germany
Vasily Sokolovsky,
the commander
in chief of Soviet
forces in the
Soviet zone of
occupied
Germany, and
the head of the
Soviet Military
Administration
in this zone
See page
13
Source: States Air Force Historical Research Agency via Cees
Steijger (1991),
"A History of USAFE", Voyageur, ISBN: 1853100757
Source: US Air Force (http://www.af.mil/s hared/media/
photodb/ photos/040315-F-9999G-027.jpg).
Wikimedia Commons.
Berlin civilians watching an airlift plane
land at Templehof Airport
Source: Imperial War Museums
(http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/ item/object/ 205189201
MH30687). Wikimedia Commons.
General William Tunner
of the USA organised
the massive airlift
While most of the planes in the Berlin Airlift had to land on one of the three
landing strips that were controlled by the Western Allies, the Sunderland
flying boats could land on the Havel River.
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See page
14
Source: Catawiki. http://www.catawiki.com/catalog/coins/
countries/gdr/850865-gdr-1-pfennig-948.
Source: German Federal Archives.
Wikimedia Commons.
www.theanswer.co.za
A one Deutsche Mark note issued
by the American army in 1948
Museum of American History. Wikimedia Commons.
The back of a coin issued
in the Soviet zone
of Germany in 1948
Source: Godot13. National Numismatic Collection, National
West Germany’s leader,
Konrad Adenauer (on the left),
supported the right-wing
economic policies of
Germany’s main
economic advisor,
Ludwig Erhard (on the right),
but Adenauer called
the suggested
economic structure
‘a social market economy’
to win popular support.
See page
14
Source: German Federal Archives. Bild 183-1900-1967. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Lothar Spurzem. Wikimedia Commons.
A VW Beetle produced for export in 1951
West Berlin offered an
attractive lifestyle
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See page
15 &16
Source: Holgar Ellgaard. Wikimedia Commons.
In 1952 the border between East Germany (GDR) and West Germany (GFR)
(the inner German border) had been officially closed.
By 1961 this meant that a barbed wire fence divided
these two countries, patrolled by border guards.
Until 1961, the border that encircled West Berlin was easier to
cross than this border that stretched across the countryside.
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16
Source: The Central Intelligence Agency. Wikimedia Commons.
Berliners throw rocks at Soviet tanks during
the East Berlin Uprising in June 1953.
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15
President
Dwight D. Eisenhower
of the USA
(in office 1953–1961)
www.theanswer.co.za
Source: National Archives and Records
Administration, ARC Identifier 194255.
Source: White House. Eisenhower Library File No. 6253-2. Wikimedia Commons.
Premier
Nikita Khrushchev
of the USSR
(in office 1958–1964)
(in office 1961–1963)
President
John F. Kennedy
of the USA
See page
15
Source: Heinz Junge. German Federal Archives.
Zentralbild (Bild 183). Wikimedia Commons.
wyck.com/bcphotox.htm. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: National Archives.
http://web.archive.org/web/20050206035542/http://nsarchive.chad
Source: Steffen Rehm. Wikimedia Commons.
East German construction workers
building the Berlin Wall in 1961
Border guards at the Brandenburg Gate
on 13 August 1961, when the erection of
the Berlin Wall began
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See page
16
and also later
Chancellor
of West Germany
(in office
1969–1974)
www.theanswer.co.za
Source: Blumenthal. German Federal Archives.
Allgemeiner Deutscher Nachrichtendienst Zentralbild (Bild 183).
(in office
1957–1966),
Source: Marion S. Trikosko. United States Library
of Congress's Prints and Photographs division,
ID cph.3c34151. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: National Archives
(http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com/bcphotox.htm. Wikimedia Commons.
Willy Brandt,
Governing Mayor
of West Berlin
Soviet tanks face American tanks at
Checkpoint Charlie in October 1961.
Walter Ulbricht,
President of
East Germany
(in office 1960–1973)
See page
16 &17
USA & UK help their zones of
Germany to recover economically
1947
USSR leaves the
Allied Control Council
1948
USA, UK and France introduce a new
currency into their zones of Germany
1948
Berlin Blockade
1948–1949
Berlin Airlift
1948–1949
Lifting of the Berlin Blockade
1949
West Germany
1949
East Germany
1949
More opportunities in
West Germany
'Brain drain'
To West
Germany
East Berlin
Uprising
1953
West Germany undergoes its
Economic Miracle
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Increased
exodus to
West Berlin
East Germany closes border
between East and West Germany
1952
USSR troops crush the
East Berlin Uprising
1953
East Germany builds
the Berlin Wall
1961
Events leading to the building of the Berlin Wall
See page
17
Source: Abbie Rowe. National Archives and Records Administration:
8451352. Wikimedia Commons.
The NATO flag
President Truman signing the North Atlantic Treaty
in front of foreign dignitaries
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
18
Source: www.nato.int. Mysid. Artem Karimov.
Wikimedia Commons.
USA
(Alaska)
Iceland
Canada
Norway
USA
The
Netherlands
East
Germany
North American
members of
NATO
Belgium
Poland
West
CzechoGermany
Slovakia
(1955 )
Luxembourg
France
( 1962)
Hungary
Romania
Italy
Bulgaria
Spain
( 1982)
Portugal
Turkey
(1952 )
Albania
( 1968)
Greece
(1952 )
Source: from: Blank map of Europe 1956-1990.svg + Alphathon. Wikimedia Commons.
USSR
Denmark
European members of NATO (in dark grey) and
members of the Warsaw Pact (in light grey)
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
18
Source: Ferran Cornellà . Wikimedia Commons.
www.theanswer.co.za
Part of Bulgaria’s 1954 monument
to its Soviet ‘liberators’
See page
19
Source: The American Hungarian Federation (http://www.hungary1956.com/index.htm). Wikimedia Commons.
The flag of Hungary with the communist
coat of arms cut out was the symbol
of the 1956 Hungarian Uprising.
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
19
Source: National Archives (archive.org). Wikimedia commons.
Source: Gerald R. Ford Library. Wikimedia Commons.
Leonard Brezhnev,
the USSR's General Secretary
of the Communist Party
(in office 1964–1982),
and Chairman of the USSR
Alexander Dubček,
First Secretary of the
Communist Party of
Czechoslovakia
(in office 1968–1969)
(in office 1960–1964,
1977–1982)
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
19
NATO
1949
West Germany
joins NATO
1955
Hungarian uprising
1956
Warsaw Pact
1955
Brezhnev Doctrine
1968
Prague Spring
1968
Events leading up to the Brezhnev Doctrine
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19
CONTAINMENT AND
BRINKMANSHIP IN
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
21
USA
Cuba
Mexico
Haiti
Source: Vardion. Wikimedia Commons.
Jamaica
Venezuela
Cuba and its main neighbours
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
21
Source: Luis Korda. Wikimedia Commons.
Fidel Castro was the leader of
the Cuban Revolution,
and then
Prime Minister of Cuba
(in office 1959–1976)
and President of Cuba
(in office 1976–2008)
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See page
21
left-wing
Cuba and USSR
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country right-wing
USA
See page
21
A Soviet nuclear missile in Moscow
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Nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962
See page
21
Source: .S. Department of Defense and John F. Kennedy Presidential Library. National
Archives.gov. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Central Intelligence Agency
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/photos.htm). Wikimedia Commons.
Che Guevara (on the left)
in Moscow in 1964
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See page
22
Source: U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Navy All Hands magazine April 1964, p. 40.
Wikimedia Commons.
USA
installs
nuclear missiles
in Turkey
(near USSR border)
1959
USA
imposes
a trade embargo
on Cuba
USA prevents
Soviet ships
bringing more
nuclear missiles
to Cuba
1962
Events leading to the removal
of Soviet missiles from Cuba
Cuba
nationalises
American companies
in Cuba
1960
Cuba
establishes an
economic relationship
with the USSR
USSR installs
nuclear missiles
in Cuba
(near USA border)
1962
Cuba
encourages
USSR
to attack USA
USA and USSR both fear the outbreak of war during this Cuban Missile Crisis
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USA and USSR agree to remove nuclear missiles from Turkey and Cuba,
See page 22
and the USA pledges never to invade Cuba
See page
22
OK, that’s enough!
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Source: Lang. http://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2003/2/17/f1bfbeca-8aa7-4d5d-a9b4-360926f3a0f2/publishable.jpg.
Retrieved 14 November 2016.
Jetzt ist’s aber genug!
See page
23
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
23
Source: https://jsimmon.wordpress.com/2014/03/23/arm-wrestling-for-world-dominance/. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
by Peçruz
www.theanswer.co.za
Source: Peçruz.
https://www.google.co.za/search?q=cuban+missile+crisis+cartoon&rlz=1C2EJFA_enZA680ZA680&biw=683&bih=3
31&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjI6rW0vqDQAhUMDMAKHTxKC7QQ_AUIBigB&dpr=2#imgrc=D
wdOSq-zsElftM%3A. Retrieved 11 November 2014.]
NEW PRESIDENT. Different dog, with same collar
See page
23
WHO WAS TO BLAME
FOR THE COLD WAR?
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See page
24
Source: National Archives and Records Administration, ARC Identifier 5730080. Wikimedia Commons.
A 1948 Soviet poster saying
‘No funny business’
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A poster used in Asia
in the early 1950s
See page
24
THE EXTENSION OF THE
COLD WAR IN CHINA
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See page
25
Source: German Federal Archives. Bild 137-004023. Wikimedia Commons.
Traditional rice paddies before the Chinese Civil War
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See page
25
Mao Zedong, Chairman
of the People’s Republic
of China
(1949–1976)
www.theanswer.co.za
Source: Zhang Zhenshi. Wikimedia Commons.
People’s Liberation Army &
Chinese Communist Party
Chinese
Civil War
right-wing
Kuomintang & the nationalist
Chinese government
Source: Wikimedia Commons.
left-wing
Chiang Kai-shek,
the leader of China
(1928–1946)
and President of the
Republic of China
(1948–1949)
See page
25
left-wing
right-wing
Republic of China
(ROC)/Taiwan
Flag of China (PRC)
www.theanswer.co.za
Source: Marc Mongenet
Source: SKopp,Denelson83 & scout370
People’s Republic
of China (PRC)
Two
Chinas
Flag of Taiwan (ROC)
See page
25
Source: Jibbajabba. Image:China_Taiwan_Locator.png. Wikimedia Commons.
China
Taiwan
China (People’s Republic of China) and Taiwan (Republic of China)
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
25
Source: http://caiquansheng1958.blog.163.com/blog/static/ 294985242010111291436168/. Wikimedia Commons.
During the ‘Great Leap Forward’, peasants gave
up personal items (such as cooking utensils)
for smelting in backyard furnaces, but often
produced metal that was unusable.
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
26
Source: Villa Giulia. Wikimedia Commons.
A picture of Red Guards in a Chinese schoolbook, 1971
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
26
Source: 孙传哲. 中国人民邮政. Brocken Inaglory. Wikimedia Commons.
A Chinese stamp from 1950 showing Stalin and Mao shaking hands
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
27
STALIN’S ERA
Communism
I’ll get you your permanent
seat in the UN security
council, my dear, and we’ll
live happily ever after.
Military allies in a worldwide communist revolution
Clear power hierarchy with the USSR as the accepted leader
KHRUSHCHEV’S ERA
1953
1956 Khrushchev’s ‘peaceful coexistence’
1957 Soviet advice unwelcome
1960 Nuclear-weapon plans not supplied
Early
1960s
SinoSoviet
Split
1962
Cuban
Missile
Crisis
1956 Mao’s ‘anti-revisionism’
BREZHNEV’S ERA
1965 Opposing alliances
www.theanswer.co.za
Focus on
South Africa
China
(PRC)
1958 ‘Great Leap Forward’
1958 Aggression in Taiwan Strait
1964
1968 Soviet intervensionism
USSR
deteriorating
relationship
as ‘bickering’
begins behind
closed doors
1969 Chinese denunciation
Late 1960s
Sino-Soviet
Conflict
1972
Nixon
Wedge
1969 Border conflict
Focus on trade
with USA
USSR
Ideological issues causing co-operation and then conflict
between China (PRC) and the USSR (1949–1973)
Zhenbao is my island
and you should never
have tried to take it
away from me!
China
(PRC)
See page
28
Source: Hezhenjie. Wikimedia Commons.
A map of North and South
Korea during the Korean War
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
29
(in office 22 November
1963 – 20 January 1969)
www.theanswer.co.za
Wikimedia Commons.
Source: http://www.dhlc.gov.cn/ image20010518/64093.jpg.
Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Yoichi Okamoto. National Archives and Records
Administration, Identifier 192614. Lyndon Baines Johnson Library.
(in office 1949–1976)
Source: White House Photo Office. Nixon Presidential Materials,
U.S. National Archives, College Park, Maryland.
Wikimedia Commons.
President
Lyndon B. Johnson
of the USA
Premier Zhou Enlai
of the PRC
(in office 1969–1974)
President Nixon
of the USA
See page
29 &30
I
R
M
E
P
L
R
A
O
T
V
I
I
O
N
N
G
S
Taiwan is my island,
you should never
have helped them
take it away
from me.
H
I
Now that you have
that permanent seat
you always wanted,
we should do a bit of
mutually beneficial
buying and selling …
P
1958
USA under Eisenhower
China
(PRC)
1972
USA under Nixon
China
(PRC)
Foreign relations between China (PRC) and the USA (1949–1973)
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
30
Taiwan
India
Tibet
Vietnam
China (PRC)
CHINA
(People's Republic of China)
Tibet
Autonomous
Region
INDIA
TAIWAN
(Republic
of China)
VIETNAM
www.theanswer.co.za
China (PRC), the Tibet Autonomous Region,
India, Vietnam and Taiwan (ROC)
See page
31
Source: PhiloVivero
Source: peellden
The Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial in Taipei
Taipei today, on the island of Taiwan
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
31
Source: Photo by CEphoto, Uwe Aranas / CC-BY-SA-3.0. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Milei.vencel. Wikimedia Commons.
A Vietnamese streetseller carrying
her equipment in Hanoi
A Buddhist temple in Vietnam
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
32
Source: Luca Galuzzi - www.galuzzi.it
A Tibetan city
Tibetan monks
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See page
33
Source: Luca Galuzzi - www.galuzzi.it
Source: Ekabhishek. www.viajar24h.com. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Wikimedia Commons.
India’s Taj Mahal
Diwali, the Hindu Festival of Lights, being celebrated in India
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
33
Economics
x
USA
USSR
Military
x
Technology
x
Diplomacy

China
(PRC)
A three-way Cold War?
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
34
(in office 1981–1987)
and the de facto leader
of China (PRC)
between 1978 and 1992
www.theanswer.co.za
Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Courtesy of Gerald R. Ford Library.
http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/images/avproj/pop-ups/A7598-20A.html.
See page
and Photographs Division: ID cph.3b52090. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Official White House Photographer. United States Library of Congress's Prints
Chairman Deng Xiaoping
(in office 1977–1981)
President Jimmy
Carter of the USA
34 &35
Source: Sa8. http://img.ly/Zr1. Wikimedia Commons.
A Chinese man asks for freedom of speech
in the Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
35
Source: Yo Hibino from Lafayette IN, United States. Wikimedia Commons.
Tiananmen Square today, with the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall
(which contains Mao's tomb) in the background
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See page
35
President Jiang Zemin
of China (PRC)
(in office 1993–2003)
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See page
36
Wikimedia Commons.
Source: DoD photo by Petty Officer 2nd Class Tina M. Ackerman, U.S. Navy.
The economic and foreign
policies of China (PRC)
Turn left towards communism
under Mao in 1949
between 1949 and the 1990s
Step towards
the USSR
in 1950
Left turns and
right turns
represent
changes in
economic policy
Steps towards or away
from other powers
represent changes in
foreign policy
Step together with the USSR in the early 1950s during the
Korean War, following the USSR's lead on many issues
Step back from the
USSR in the 1960s
during the Vietnam War
Move nearer to the USA in the 1970s despite
its very different economic policies
Turn slightly right towards market socialism under Deng
in the 1980s, while improving relations with the USA
Turn slightly right again towards a socialist market economy under
Jiang in the 1990s, while further improving relations with the USA
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See page
36
THE EXTENSION OF THE
COLD WAR IN VIETNAM
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See page
38
Source: VoodooIsland.. Wikimedia Commons.
French Indochina
(late 1800s – mid-1900s)
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See page
38
Vietnam
Source: Souvenir de Hanoi. Wikimedia Commons.
China
Hanoi
Laos
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hainan
Island
Thailand
A local rickshaw puller outside
the French-style Hanoi Station
in the early 1900s
Cambodia
Vietnam and two of its main cities:
Hanoi in the north and
Saigon in the south
Source: Japanese Army. Wikimedia Commons.
Saigon
Japanese troops entering Saigon in 1941
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
38
The Domino Theory
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See page
39
Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Domino_ theory.png: User:Nyenyec.
General Tran Van Tra of the
National Liberation Front
(Viet Cong)
Source: Yoichi R. Okamoto.
Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum,
http://photolab.lbjlib.utexas.edu/ detail.
asp?id=1585.
Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Albert Grandolini. http://lautrecotedelacolline.
blogspot.com/2013/08/retour-sur-la-bataille-de-xuanloc.html.
Source: http://kenh14.vn/kham-pha/
tu-lieu-hiem-hinh-anh-thoi-tre-cua-dai-tuong-vonguyen-giap-20131005011027492.chn.
Wikimedia Commons.
www.theanswer.co.za
Ngo Dinh Diem, Prime Minister of
the State of Vietnam
(1954–1955),
and then President
of the Republic of Vietnam
(1955–1963)
Ho Chi Minh, Prime Minister
(in office 1945–1955),
and President (1945–1969)
of North Vietnam
(Democratic Republic
of Vietnam)
General Vo Nguyen Giap,
Commander in Chief of the
People’s Army of Vietnam
(in office 1945–1975), and
Defence Minister of the Democratic
Republic of Vietnam
(in office 1954–1980)
Source: National Archives and Records
Administration, Identifier 542189. Wikimedia
Commons.
Source: Báo Cà Mau. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Dongsonvh. Wikimedia Commons.
Emperor Bao Dai headed
up part of Vietnam within
French Indochina (1926–1945).
He headed the Japanesecontrolled Empire of Vietnam
(1940–1945). He was also the first
head of state of South Vietnam
(1949–1955)
President
Nguyen Van Thieu
of the Republic
of Vietnam
(in office 14 June 1965
– 21 April 1975)
See page
38 -42
www.theanswer.co.za
A Huey helicopter, like those used by
the Americans in the Vietnam War
The Huey helicopter was
officially called a UH-1.
Source: United States Army. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Greg Goebel. Wikimedia Commons.
(in office
22 November 1963 –
20 January 1969)
Source: National Archives and Records
Administration, Identifier 530616. Wikimedia
Commons.
Source: Yoichi Okamoto. National Archives
and Records Administration, Identifier
192614. Lyndon Baines Johnson Library.
Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Eddie Maloney from North Las Vegas, USA.
Wikimedia Commons.
President
Lyndon B. Johnson
General
William C. Westmoreland,
Chief of Staff
of the USA Army
(in office 1968–1972)
A downed Huey in a rice paddy after
the Battle of Ap Bac
See page
40 &41
Source: Vitaly V. Kuzmin. http://vitalykuzmin.net/ ?q=node/212. Wikimedia Commons.
www.theanswer.co.za
Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Yoichi Okamoto. Serial Number: A4347-12A.
Soviet Premier
Aleksei Kosygin
Soviet surface-to-air missiles, like those used in the Vietnam War
See page
41
Source: USAF. National Museum of the U.S. Air Force photo 110323-F-DW547-008.
Thunderchief aircraft dropping bombs during Operation Rolling Thunder,
which applied saturation bombing to North Vietnam
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
42
US marines moving through rice paddies
looking for members of the NLF (Viet Cong)
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See page
42
Source: National Archives and Records Administration, College Park. Still Pictures Records Section, Special Media Archives Services Division
(NWCS-S). Wikimedia Commons.
A captured NLF (Viet Cong) soldier,
guarded by a US marine
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See page
42
Source: National Archives and Records Administration, College Park. Still Picture Records Section, Special Media Archives
Services Division (NWCS-S). Wikimedia Commons.
American soldiers disembarking from a Huey
helicopter during the Battle of Ia Drang
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President Johnson and
General Westmoreland in
South Vietnam in
October 1966
See page
42
Source: National Archives and Records Administration, Identifier 192509. Lyndon
Baines Johnson Library. Wikimedia Commons.
Wikimedia Commons.
Source: United States Army. http://www.army.mil/cmh/books/Vietnam/7-ff/p010.jpg.
www.theanswer.co.za
Source: http://nfo.dodmedia.osd.mil..
Source: U.S. Dept. of Defense. Archives of Joint U.S. Public Affairs
Office (JUSPAO), Republic of South Vietnam: 1968.
Saigon during the
Tet Offensive
NLF (Viet Cong) troops plan an attack
See page
43
Identifier: 531451. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: http://arcweb.archives.gov/ arc/basic_search.jsp, ARC
Source: USMC Archives from Quantico, USA.
A US marine involved in street
fighting in the city of Hue
Villagers evacuating during the
Tet Offensive, past American armoured
personnel carriers
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See page
43
Walter Cronkite interviewing Professor Mai of
the University of Hue during the Battle of Hue
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
43
Services Division (NWCS-S). Wikimedia Commons.
Source: National Archives and Records Administration, College Park. Still Picture Records Section, Special Media Archives
1964 – 1968
1968 – 1975
North Vietnam's changing relationship with China (PRC)
and the USSR during the Vietnam War
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See page
43
Source: Yoichi Okamoto. National Archives and Records Administration. Lyndon Baines Johnson Library.
General Creighton W. Abrams,
the American commander
in Vietnam from 1968 to 1972
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
43
www.theanswer.co.za
Source: Romanian National Archives. Fototeca online a
comunismului românesc, photo #BA397, 167/1978. Crop from
the official visit of Nicolae Ceausescu. (Accessed 10 June 2012)
Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Oliver F. Atkins. NARA record: 8451334. Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum. Wikimedia Commons.
Le Duan,
General Secretary of
the Communist Part of
Vietnam
(in office
10 September 1960
– 10 July 1986)
President Nixon shaking hands with
American soldiers during his visit
to South Vietnam in July 1969
See page
44
An American night march against
the Vietnam War in 1969
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See page
45
Source: United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division, ID ds.06480. Wikimedia Commons.
Le Duc Tho and
Kissinger in Paris, 1973
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Source: http://www.okinawa.usmc.mil/ Public%20Affairs%20Info/I
mages%20Complete/ HighResImages/050520-vietnam2.jpg U.S. Marines in
Japan Homepage. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Nhandan newspaper. Wikimedia Commons.
A Boeing B52 Stratofortress during Operation Linebacker II
As well as over 1 000 Americans and
more than 5 500 Vietnamese were
evacuated during Operation
Frequent Wind.
See page
45
Administration, 542312. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: National Archives and Records
Source: http://www.quynguoicaotuoi chinhanhquangbinh.vn/
2014/09/10091955-thanh-lap-mat-tran-to-quoc.html.
Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Karl H. Schumacher (NARA record: 8451339). Gerald R.
Ford Presidential Library
Gerald R. Ford, President
of the USA (1974 – 1977)
Ton Duc Thang,
President of North Vietnam
(in office
3 Sep 1969 – 2 July 1976),
and President of Vietnam
(in office
2 July 1976 – 30 March 1980)
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
45
Chinese engineers
Bases in Cambodia
Saigon bombings
Border battles
Paris Peace Accords
Truong Son Strategic
Supply Route
North Korean Jets
Strategic raids
Declaration of war
Tet Offensive
Spring Offensive
Soviet weapons
Negotiating while
fighting
Fall of Saigon
STAGE 1
1965
(Ho Chi Minh Trail)
STAGE 2
1969
Guerilla war
STAGE 3
How North Vietnam and the NLF (Viet Cong)
took control of South Vietnam and
reunified Vietnam as an independent communist country
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See page
46
Operation
Rolling
Thunder
Border
Battles
Guerilla
warfare
Vietnamisation
STAGE 3
1975
STAGE 2
Fall of
Saigon
1969
1957
STAGE 1
Tet
Offensive
1965
Battle of
Ap Bac
A brief visual summary of the three stages of the Vietnam War
www.theanswer.co.za
See page
46
USA tactics and strategies
during the Vietnam War
Hearts and minds programs
Napalm bombings
Operation Rolling Thunder
My Lai Massacre
Vietnamisation
Operation Frequent Wind
Fall of Saigon
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See page
46
Source: Yoichi Okamoto. National
Archives and Records Administration,
Identifier 192614.
STAGE
3
President
Nixon
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involvement
1975
1969
1965
Increasing
Source: Nancy Wong.
Wikimedia Commons.
President
Ford
Source: National Archives and ecords
Administration, ARC Identifier 194255.
Source: White House. Eisenhower
Library File No. 62-53-2.
Wikimedia Commons.
Source: David Hume Kennerly (NARA
record: 1312484). Gerald R. Ford
Presidential Library. Wikimedia Commons.
President
Eisenhower
President
Kennedy
1957
STAGE
1
1968
Very involved
STAGE
2
President
Johnson
How the USA's policy towards the Vietnam War came full circle
See page
47
Source: Dragfyre. Wikimedia Commons.
Source: Official White House Photographer. United States Library of Congress's Prints and
Photographs Division: ID cph.3b52090. Wikimedia Commons.
President Jimmy Carter
of the USA
(in office 1977–1981)
A sign in Hanoi depicting the first North
Vietnamese tank crashing through the
gates of the Vietnamese Presidential
Palace in Saigon on 30 April 1975
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48
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48
TOPIC 1 QUESTIONS
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49
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50