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OTE D100 Series
Radio Equipment
Technical Handbook
779-1126/01.03
OTE DR100V VHF Receiver
OTE DRR100V VHF Double Receiver
for ARC applications
OTE DR100 VHF
OTE DRR100 VHF
Technical Handbook
© SELEX Communications S.p.A. 2008
All copyright and industrial rights in this document and in the technical knowledge it contains are
owned by SELEX Communications and/or the third parties rightfully concerned. No part of this
document nor any data herein shall be disclosed, reproduced or used for any purpose
whatsoever without the prior written consent of SELEX Communications as foreseen by the law.
Drawings and specifications are subject to change.
All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
SELEX Communications S.p.A.
A Finmeccanica Company
Via Pieragostini 80 16151 - Genova - Italy
Telephone. +39 010 6144000
This document has been prepared to provide technical information on the product concerned. Whilst care has been taken in compiling the material, no responsibility can be accepted for errors or
omissions in the text or in associated diagrams or tables. SELEX Communications reserves the right to change specifications, performance or features relevant to the product described without
notice. Where this document is furnished in association with a quotation, tender or contract, the specifications, features, performance and availability dates which are relevant to such quotation,
tender or contract shall be those specified in the schedule(s), specification(s), statement(s) of compliance or other documents specifically prepared for such purpose and shall not be assumed to
be those stated or implied within this document.
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Information for the handbook user:
Before using the equipment, read all of the instructions contained in the
manual and read those relative to safety with special care.
Lue käyttöohjeet ja erityisesti turvallisuuteen liittyvat ohjeet ennen laitteen
käyttöä.
Alvorens over te gaan tot het gebruik van het apparaat lees met aandacht
al de instructies van het handboek en let vooral op die die de veiligheid
betreffen.
Alvorens het apparaat in gebruik te nemen lees alle instructies van het
handboek en vooral de voorschriften betreffende de veiligheid.
Avant toute utilisation de l’appareil, lire toutes les indications contenues
dans le Manuel et avec une attention particulière celles relatives à la
sécurité.
Läs alla instruktioner i denna manual innan ni använder apparaten och då
särskilt noggrannt de anvisningar som gäller säkerheten.
Læs alle de vejledninger, der er indeholdt i manualen med særlig
opmærksomhed på de vejledninger, der vedrører sikkerheden, før
apparatet tages i brug.
Vor Gebrauch des Geräts alle in dieser Bedienungsanleitung enthaltenen
Anweisungen und Vorschriften lesen.
Den Sicherheitsbestimmungen ist dabei besondere Aufmerksamkeit zu
widmen.
Πριν χρησιµοποιήσετε τη συσκευή διαβάστε όλες τις οδηγίες που
περιέχονται στο εγχειρίδιο και δώστε ιδιαίτερη προσοχή στης οδηγίες
ασφαλείας.
Prima di utilizzare l’apparecchiatura leggere tutte le indicazioni contenute
nel manuale e con particolare attenzione quelle relative alla sicurezza.
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Antes de utilizar el equipo leer todas las instrucciones contenidas en el
manual, poniendo particular atención a las de seguridad.
Antes de utilizar o aparelho, leia todas as instruções que constam no
manual e com muita atenção as instruções relativas à segurança.
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Table of contents
1. GENERAL ....................................................................................... 15
1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS HANDBOOK .................................................................. 15
1.2 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................... 16
1.3 DECLARATION OF CE MARK CONFORMANCE ............................................. 17
1.4 ECO-COMPATIBILITY ................................................................................. 17
1.5 HANDBOOK ORGANISATION...................................................................... 18
1.6 HANDBOOK APPLICATION TO DR100V AND DRR100V.............................. 19
1.7 HANDBOOK APPLICATION TO EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATIONS ................ 20
1.7.1 About DR100V configurations ............................................................................21
1.7.2 About DRR100V configurations .........................................................................21
1.8 RADIO EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE CONFIGURATIONS.................................. 22
1.9 DR100V OPERATING MODES...................................................................... 23
1.9.1 AM-DSB mode....................................................................................................23
1.9.2 AM-DATA mode .................................................................................................23
1.9.3 VDL 2 mode........................................................................................................23
1.9.4 VDL 2 LAAS mode .............................................................................................24
1.9.5 VDL 3 mode........................................................................................................24
1.9.6 VDL 4 mode........................................................................................................25
1.9.7 Operating frequency band..................................................................................25
1.10 DRR100V OPERATING MODES ................................................................... 26
1.10.1 AM-DSB mode....................................................................................................26
1.10.2 AM-DATA mode .................................................................................................26
1.10.3 VDL 2 mode........................................................................................................26
1.10.4 VDL 2 LAAS mode .............................................................................................27
1.10.5 VDL 3 mode........................................................................................................27
1.10.6 VDL 4 mode........................................................................................................28
1.10.7 Operating frequency band..................................................................................28
1.11 GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS ......................................................................... 29
2. FEATURES AND SAFETY................................................................. 35
2.1 FEATURES ................................................................................................... 35
2.2 SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................... 38
2.3 ESD PRECAUTIONS..................................................................................... 41
2.3.1 ESD precautions in maintenance/installation.....................................................41
3. OPERATION ................................................................................... 45
3.1 DRR100V VARIANT..................................................................................... 45
3.2 OPERATING STATES AND EQUIPMENT ACCESS POINTS............................ 45
3.3 CONTROL, INDICATORS AND CONNECTORS.............................................. 46
3.3.1 Front panel connectors.......................................................................................48
3.3.2 DR100V controls and indicators description ......................................................49
3.3.3 Control Panel operating......................................................................................51
3.3.3.1 About INT or EXT clock selection...............................................................64
3.3.3.2 About reset commands...............................................................................64
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3.3.3.3 About Baseline and Factory Data Flash..................................................... 65
3.3.3.4 About Manual Main Rack Type .................................................................. 65
3.3.3.5 About shelf configuration............................................................................ 65
3.3.3.6 About Noise Blanker Setting ..................................................................... 66
3.3.3.7 About Squelch settings............................................................................... 66
3.3.3.8 About SSV settings .................................................................................... 67
3.3.4 Measurement Environment................................................................................ 68
3.3.5 Control, indicators and connectors - DRR100V variant..................................... 69
3.4 FREQUENCY INPUT AND DISPLAY FORMATS ............................................. 70
3.5 START-UP PROCEDURE............................................................................... 71
3.5.1 Start-up procedure - DRR100 variant ................................................................ 71
3.6 ANCILLARY DEVICES .................................................................................. 72
3.6.1 E-GSC card........................................................................................................ 72
3.6.2 Headset kit ......................................................................................................... 73
4. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................ 77
4.1 DRR100V VARIANT..................................................................................... 77
4.2 ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW........................................................................ 78
4.2.1 Introduction to modules and cards..................................................................... 80
4.2.2 Mechanical description ...................................................................................... 82
4.2.3 Mechanical description - DRR100V variant ....................................................... 82
4.3 SIGNAL EXCHANGE..................................................................................... 83
4.3.1 Internal signal exchange .................................................................................... 83
4.3.2 Internal DC supplies distribution ........................................................................ 84
4.4 RX MODULE................................................................................................. 85
4.4.1 Functional description ........................................................................................ 86
4.4.1.1 Front-end board.......................................................................................... 86
4.4.1.2 RX board .................................................................................................... 86
4.5 BASEBAND MODULE ................................................................................... 89
4.5.1 Functional description ........................................................................................ 90
4.6 PS MODULE ................................................................................................. 93
4.6.1 Functional description ........................................................................................ 93
4.7 IMC CARD ................................................................................................... 95
4.7.1 Functional description ........................................................................................ 95
4.7.2 Main/standby mode of operation........................................................................ 96
4.8 CONTROL PANEL MODULE.......................................................................... 97
4.8.1 Functional description ........................................................................................ 97
4.9 ALB-M CARD ............................................................................................... 99
4.9.1 Functional description ........................................................................................ 99
4.10 ALB-S CARD .............................................................................................. 100
4.10.1 Functional description ...................................................................................... 101
4.11 EMBEDDED CHANGEOVER FUNCTION ...................................................... 103
4.11.1 Changeover architecture.................................................................................. 103
4.11.2 RX section changeover.................................................................................... 104
4.11.3 AF line changeover support ............................................................................. 105
4.12 SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE ..................................................................... 106
4.12.1 IMC software architecture ................................................................................ 106
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5. MAINTENANCE ............................................................................ 111
5.1 DRR100V VARIANT................................................................................... 111
5.2 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE .................................................................... 111
5.2.1 Tasks ................................................................................................................111
5.2.2 Equipment and tools.........................................................................................111
5.2.3 Procedures .......................................................................................................112
5.2.3.1 Equipment cleaning ..................................................................................112
5.2.3.2 External Connectors inspection ................................................................112
5.2.3.3 Equipment Status check ...........................................................................112
5.2.3.4 Reference oscillator monitoring ................................................................112
5.3 TROUBLESHOOTING................................................................................. 114
5.3.1 List of replaceable parts ...................................................................................114
5.3.2 Parts replacement ............................................................................................116
5.3.3 Output messages from Control Panel ..............................................................118
6. MODIFICATION INSTRUCTION ................................................... 161
6.1 HARDWARE UPGRADE.............................................................................. 161
6.1.1 Upgrading to ALB-S .........................................................................................161
6.2 SOFTWARE UPGRADE ............................................................................... 161
7. INSTALLATION AND SETTING-UP ............................................... 165
7.1 DRR100V VARIANT................................................................................... 165
7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................ 165
7.3 MINIMUM INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS............................................. 166
7.3.1 Environmental...................................................................................................166
7.3.2 Mechanical .......................................................................................................166
7.3.3 Power and grounding .......................................................................................167
7.3.4 Supply lines protections ...................................................................................167
7.3.5 RF lines protections..........................................................................................168
7.3.6 AF and data lines protections...........................................................................168
7.3.7 Ancillary devices requirements.........................................................................169
7.4 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION .................................................................. 170
7.4.1 Installation tools and hardware.........................................................................170
7.4.2 Transportation at the site..................................................................................170
7.4.3 Unpacking.........................................................................................................170
7.4.4 Rack fitting........................................................................................................171
7.5 DISPOSAL ................................................................................................. 172
7.5.1 Disposal for re-use ...........................................................................................172
7.6 INTERFACE CONNECTORS ........................................................................ 173
7.6.1 Signal and data (ALB-M version) .....................................................................173
7.6.2 Signal and data (ALB-S version) ......................................................................177
7.6.3 Power and grounding .......................................................................................179
7.6.4 Radio frequency ...............................................................................................180
7.6.5 Radio frequency cabling hints ..........................................................................180
7.7 SIGNAL AND DATA CONNECTION LAYOUTS............................................. 181
7.7.1 ALB-M version ..................................................................................................182
7.7.2 ALB-S version (single equipment, with In-band tone signaling).......................182
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7.7.3 ALB-S version (main/standby, single AF line) ................................................. 183
7.7.4 ALB-S version (main/standby, primary and backup AF lines) ......................... 184
7.7.5 ALB-M version (connection to DRC100).......................................................... 185
7.7.6 ALB-S version (connection to DRC100 with In-band tone signaling and FSK)186
7.7.7 AM-DATA applications..................................................................................... 186
7.7.8 VDL 2 applications ........................................................................................... 187
7.7.9 VDL 3 and 4 applications ................................................................................. 187
7.7.10 Cabling for muting............................................................................................ 188
7.7.11 Cabling for voice recording system.................................................................. 188
7.7.12 Cabling for MIRM100 ....................................................................................... 189
7.8 CABLING ................................................................................................... 190
7.9 SETTING-UP.............................................................................................. 196
7.9.1 E&M line interface settings (ALB-M version) ................................................... 196
7.9.2 E&M line interface settings (ALB-S version).................................................... 199
7.9.3 Setting-up for AM-DSB (ALB-M version) ......................................................... 200
7.9.4 Setting-up for AM-DSB (ALB-S version).......................................................... 201
7.9.5 Setting-up for AM-DATA mode ........................................................................ 203
7.9.6 Setting-up for VDL 2 mode .............................................................................. 204
7.9.7 Setting-up for VDL 3 and 4 modes .................................................................. 204
7.10 ANCILLARY DEVICES TESTING................................................................. 205
7.10.1 Testing the radiating system ............................................................................ 205
7.10.2 Testing the filtering system .............................................................................. 207
7.10.3 Conversion tables ............................................................................................ 208
ANNEX A ........................................................................................... A-1
List of figures
Figure 1.1 - DR100V equipment.................................................................................................. 15
Figure 1.2 - DRR100V equipment ............................................................................................... 15
Figure 3.1 - DR100V devices ...................................................................................................... 46
Figure 3.2 - DR100V (ALB-M version) keyboard menu functional block diagram....................... 51
Figure 3.3 - DR100V (ALB-M version) setting environment functional block diagram................ 52
Figure 3.4 - DR100V (ALB-S version) keyboard menu functional block diagram ....................... 53
Figure 3.5 - DR100V (ALB-S version) setting environment functional block diagram ................ 54
Figure 3.6 - SSV - RF input transfer function .............................................................................. 67
Figure 3.7 - DRR100V RX sections arrangement ....................................................................... 69
Figure 4.1 - DR100V block diagram ............................................................................................ 78
Figure 4.2 - DR100V shelf top view............................................................................................. 82
Figure 4.3 - Internal DC supplies distribution .............................................................................. 84
Figure 4.4 - RX module block diagram ........................................................................................ 86
Figure 4.5 - BB module CLOCK generation ................................................................................ 92
Figure 4.6 - PS module block diagram ........................................................................................ 93
Figure 4.7 - CP module block diagram ........................................................................................ 98
Figure 4.8 - ALB-S switching matrix configuration .................................................................... 100
Figure 4.9 - ALB-S card block diagram ..................................................................................... 101
Figure 4.10 - Main/standby changeover layout ......................................................................... 104
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Figure 4.11 - IMC card software block diagram .........................................................................107
Figure 5.1 - Screenshot of TTL-level 500 KHz test signal .........................................................113
Figure 5.2 - Modules extraction .................................................................................................116
Figure 5.3 - PS module extraction .............................................................................................117
Figure 5.4 - Cards extraction......................................................................................................117
Figure 7.1 - Installation into standard rack.................................................................................171
Figure 7.2 - Signal and data connections ..................................................................................173
Figure 7.3 - Signal and data connections ..................................................................................177
Figure 7.4 - Power and grounding connections .........................................................................179
Figure 7.5 - Radio frequency connections .................................................................................180
Figure 7.6 - Single equipment connection layout (ALB-M) ........................................................182
Figure 7.7 - Single equipment connection layout (ALB-S and In-band tone) ............................182
Figure 7.8 - Main/standby connection layout (ALB-S and primary line) ....................................183
Figure 7.9 - Main/standby connection layout (ALB-S, primary and backup lines) .....................184
Figure 7.10 - DR100V - DRC100 connection layout (ALB-M) ...................................................185
Figure 7.11 - DR100V - DRC100 connection layout (ALB-S with In-band tone and FSK) ........186
Figure 7.12 - AM-DATA connection layout (to ACARS modem) ...............................................186
Figure 7.13 - VDL 2 connection layout (to external controller) ..................................................187
Figure 7.14 - Connections for muting #1....................................................................................188
Figure 7.15 - Connections for muting #2....................................................................................188
Figure 7.16 - MIRM100 connections layout ...............................................................................189
Figure 7.17 - MDF layout for RS485 multidrop connection........................................................189
Figure 7.18 - ALB-M dip-switch bank position ...........................................................................196
Figure 7.19 - E line circuit layout................................................................................................197
Figure 7.20 - M line circuit layout ...............................................................................................198
Figure 7.21 – ALB-S dip-switch configuration............................................................................199
Figure 7.22 - Test bench connections for radiating system VSWR test ....................................205
List of tables
Table 3.1 - DR100V front side devices description......................................................................47
Table 3.2 - DR100V rear side devices description ......................................................................47
Table 3.3 - Earphone/Headset connector pin function ................................................................48
Table 3.4 - TEST interface connector pin function ......................................................................48
Table 3.5 - RX module front panel LEDs layout and meaning.....................................................49
Table 3.6 - BB module front panel LEDs layout and meaning.....................................................49
Table 3.7 - CP module front panel layout and keyboard meaning...............................................50
Table 3.8 - PS module rear panel LEDs layout and meaning......................................................50
Table 3.9 – DR100V Display messages (ALB-M version) ...........................................................55
Table 3.10 - DR100V display messages (ALB-S version) ...........................................................56
Table 3.11 - Parameters editing...................................................................................................57
Table 3.12 - DR100V alarm list....................................................................................................58
Table 3.13 - DR100V editable parameters ..................................................................................60
Table 3.14 - Baseline format ........................................................................................................65
Table 3.15 - Ranges for SSV configuration parameters ..............................................................68
Table 3.16 - Frequency input and displaying ...............................................................................70
Table 3.17 - E-GSC interface connectors ....................................................................................72
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Table 3.18 - Headset technical data............................................................................................ 73
Table 3.19 - Headset connector pin function............................................................................... 73
Table 5.1 - Periodic maintenance basic operations .................................................................. 111
Table 5.2 - Periodic maintenance tools ..................................................................................... 112
Table 5.3 - DR100V replaceable parts ...................................................................................... 115
Table 5.4 - DRR100V replaceable parts.................................................................................... 115
Table 5.5 - Output messages index........................................................................................... 118
Table 7.1 - Installation tools and hardware list .......................................................................... 170
Table 7.2 - TELCO connector pin function ................................................................................ 173
Table 7.3 - DIAG connector pin function ................................................................................... 174
Table 7.4 - DATA connector pin function................................................................................... 174
Table 7.5 - CTRL connector pin function................................................................................... 174
Table 7.6 - ANT connector pin function ..................................................................................... 175
Table 7.7 - GPS I/F connector pin function ............................................................................... 175
Table 7.8 - EXT CLOCK connector pin function........................................................................ 176
Table 7.9 - Service port pin function.......................................................................................... 176
Table 7.10 – Primary line (P-DIR and P-SWD) connectors pin function for DR100V ............... 177
Table 7.11 – Backup line (B-DIR and B-SWD) connectors pin function for DTR100................ 179
Table 7.12 - E line settings ........................................................................................................ 197
Table 7.13 - M line settings ....................................................................................................... 198
Table 7.14 - Setting-up procedure for DTR100 (ALB-M version).............................................. 200
Table 7.15 - Setting-up procedure for DTR100 (ALB-S version) .............................................. 201
Table 7.16 - Setting-up procedure for AM-DATA mode ............................................................ 203
Table 7.17 - Radiating system test instruments list................................................................... 205
Table 7.18 - Radiating system test procedure........................................................................... 206
Table 7.19 - Return loss vs. VSWR........................................................................................... 208
Table 7.20 - RF power in dBm vs. Watt..................................................................................... 209
Table 7.21 - AF level in dBm vs. Volt (600 ohm)....................................................................... 209
Table 7.22 - RF level in dBm vs. µVolt (50 ohm)....................................................................... 210
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Document history
Title:
OTE D100 Series–Technical Handbook
DR100V VHF Receiver
DRR100V VHF Double Receiver
Document code:
779-1126/01
Date
Variations
Rev.
May 2006
First Issue
01
June 2007
Bug fixing and editorial changes.
02
July 2008
Main changes due to baseline upgrading
03
Note:
This handbook is valid for equipment baseline 7.4.4.1 or higher.
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1. GENERAL
This section introduces the DR100V and DRR100V equipment and the handbook itself, by
describing their tasks, operating modes and scenarios.
The following figure shows the DR100V and DRR100V layout.
Figure 1.1 - DR100V equipment
Figure 1.2 - DRR100V equipment
1.1
PURPOSE OF THIS HANDBOOK
The purpose of this handbook is to provide to operators and technical staff the necessary
knowledge of the equipment architecture and operating, in order to make possible daily activity
(e.g. normal use and routine operations), as well as installation, maintenance, etc.
Handbook user is supposed to have a good skill in telecommunications and RF basics, to
understand the given terms and parameters.
Only trained and qualified personnel may operate the equipment. Non-observance of these
conditions and the safety instructions can result in personnel injury or in property damage.
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1.2
INTRODUCTION
The DR100V multimode VHF receiver is a state-of-the-art communication unit specifically
designed to operate as radio core part of Air Traffic Control ground stations.
It is able to support a huge number of operating modes, ranging from the traditional AM-DSB
mode for analogue speech communications, to the latest VDL 2, 3 and 4 modes1 for voice and
data or data-only links. Thanks to its DSP-based architecture, software-radio approach, and
modular design, it allows for easy update and re-configuration in terms of type of modulation,
channel spacing and interface to external controllers. By taking advantage of its embedded
processing power, the equipment is ready to allocate almost any future development simply by
firmware or software implementation. This should be regarded as a "key feature", being the
future VHF communications scenario in the ATC environment complex, and still in evolution.
The equipment has been designed to fulfil operating requirements in any possible system
layout. This results in an extreme degree of flexibility and operability, thus including easy and
intuitive HMI, embedded test and maintenance features, capability to remote commands and
functions, availability on request of a wide range of analogue and digital interfaces to external.
It can also be used as direct replacement of analogue VHF radios in traditional ATC systems.
The equipment has an high grade of immunity to external interference. This allows for meeting
considerable co-siting requirements under EMC-critical equipment arrangement.
The DR100V multimode VHF receiver belongs to the latest OTE's ATC third-generation
communication systems family, together with the DTR100V (multimode VHF transceiver), and
DT100V (multimode VHF transmitter).
The DR100V receiver performances and features are identical to those of DTR100V receive
section, and the internal module and cards composing the two equipment are the same,
allowing easy maintenance and communality of spare parts.
DR100V is designed to be paired with DT100V multimode VHF transmitter. In comparison with
the use of DTR100V transceiver, the system design featuring separate DR100V and DT100V
allows for the arrangement of transmitters and receivers at separate (and even remote, if
necessary) sites. This may result convenient when designing radio systems simultaneously
operating on many channels, and with narrow frequency spacing, since it is possible to achieve
the necessary transmitters/receivers decoupling simply by the physical distance between RX
and TX antennae sites.
The DRR100V multimode VHF double receiver is an equipment featuring two separate and
fully independent receiver sections, arranged within a common frame. The DRR100V may be
regarded as composed by two DR100V receiver units, still having any of the DR100V feature
and allowing for an higher degree of integration.
ATC third-generation communication systems family also includes ancillary devices, such as
cavity band-pass filters (either manual or automatic tuning), controllers, main/standby switching
devices, etc.
1
Not available in current release.
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1.3
DECLARATION OF CE MARK CONFORMANCE
The equipment described in this manual has been designed according to the following
international standards:
Radio:
• ETSI EN 300 676 - Ground-based VHF hand-held, mobile and fixed radio transmitters,
receivers and transceivers for VHF aeronautical mobile service using amplitude modulation,
technical characteristics and methods of measurement.
Safety:
• EN 60950-1 - Information Technology Equipment - Safety.
EMC:
• ETSI 301 489-1 - Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standards for radio equipment and
services - Part 1: Common technical requirements.
• ETSI 301 489-22 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards for radio equipment and
services - Part 22: Specific conditions for ground-based VHF aeronautical mobile for fixed
radio equipment.
Any connected device has to comply with the applicable safety standards. In addition, all
installation activities must be performed in such a way to not compromise or lower the
equipment degree safety; this must also be taken in account whenever designing system
architecture and choosing installation arrangement.
1.4
ECO-COMPATIBILITY
The equipment described in this handbook has been designed and realized by following criteria
of eco-compatibility, which are also applied to the manufacturing process.
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1.5
HANDBOOK ORGANISATION
This handbook is organized into following sections:
• Section 1 – General. Introduces the equipment, also providing a description of the
equipment operating modes.
• Section 2 – Features and safety. This section contains a list of the main technical data, and
gives to operator all necessary information for a correct and safe use of the equipment.
• Section 3 – Operation. This section describes all the aspects related to the normal use of
equipment, e.g. showing function of each of the front panels controls and indicators.
• Section 4 – Technical description. Contains a technical description of the equipment: this
includes an overall HW description, a module-by-module HW description and a SW structure
functional description. Block diagrams indicating circuit operations are given, as well as
external and internal I/Fs detailing the relevant connector pin assignments.
• Section 5 – Maintenance. Gives useful information about preventive actions to be
undertaken periodically in order to maintain the equipment. In addition contains information
about fault detection and helpful information about troubleshooting. This section also gives a
list of LRU (Line Replacement Unit).
• Section 6 – Modification instructions. Gives information about modification activities that can
be carried out on the equipment, such as the installation of additional hardware units or subunits, or software/firmware upgrading.
• Section 7 – Installation and setting-up. Gives a detailed description of the installation
procedure. In addition this section gives step-by-step procedures for the configuration and
start-up of the equipment.
Annex A contains block diagrams indicating circuit operations, and reference drawings.
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1.6
HANDBOOK APPLICATION TO DR100V AND DRR100V
The DRR100V may be regarded as composed by two DR100V receiver units, still having any of
the DR100V feature and allowing for an higher degree of integration. Basically, any of the
functional and operating features available in the DR100V are also available in both the
sections of DRR100V; differences arise only in the mechanical design of the shelf.
To find out all the points that are peculiar to DR100V or DRR100V version only, please note the
following tips.
• Each chapter, figure, table, warning, footnote and/or indication which is not targeted to a
specific equipment must be intended as targeted to DR100V, but also valid for DRR100V.
• At the beginning of some sections, a specific chapter labeled as "DRR100V variant" states
the variants for the DRR100V equipment within that section.
• When, within a set of information and/or data, DRR100V has several differences vs.
DR100V, a specific chapter is available immediately after the relevant general one, under the
labeling " Xxxyyyzzz - DRR100V variant".
• About some general information (e.g connection layouts), please refer to the information
given in the text and/or footnotes, when differences arises between DR100V and DRR100V.
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1.7
HANDBOOK APPLICATION TO EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATIONS
The equipment are available in different configurations, that are described in detail in the
following chapters. Equipment configuration depends on following aspects:
The DR100V receiver and DRR100V may be delivered equipped with different Line Barrier
modules:
• ALB-M version. This is the standard version suitable for any AM-DSB and VDL application,
in which the connection to the external audio line to VCSS is given by ALB-M (Analogue Line
Barrier - Minimal, see relevant description in Section 4 - Technical description).
• ALB-S version (alternative to ALB-M). This version takes advantage of the ALB-S card
interfacing capability (Analogue Line Barrier - System, see relevant description in Section 4 Technical description). The equipment, when fitted with ALB-S, can provide main/standby
embedded changeover architecture (this meaning a couple of radio operating on the same
channel, with automatic changeover facility, without any external additional device). In
addition, ALB-S also provides capability to handle a dual external audio line connection to
VCSS (a primary and a backup 4W E&M line), to operate with E&M In-band Tone signaling,
to set and adjust delay on audio lines for audio path equalization, to operate diagnostic
management by an internal FSK modem.
The various additional features provided by ALB-S card extend the equipment flexibility,
allowing to design compact fault-tolerant system layout (embedded changeover and dual audio
line), or to reduce the number of physical pairs for the connection to operator position (E&M Inband Tone signaling, FSK modem).
It is important to note that the equipment operating and management is different among the
different versions; in example, if ALB-S is fitted, the HMI features many additional menu
windows that are specialized for ALB-S applications. The same approach also apply to the
installation and setup aspects, since ALB-S card has many connection and configuration
parameters that are not present in ALB-M.
Through this handbook, any information belonging to a specific configuration is identified with
the definition "ALB-M version" or "ALB-S version".
The equipment is easily upgradable from the standard ALB-M version to the ALB-S version,
simply by card replacing and software re-configuration. For further details, see Section 6 Modification instruction.
Both DR100V and DRR100V are also available in configurations factory-equipped with the
following optional module:
•
E-GSC module (Embedded Ground Station Controller) that allows connection facility with
the network management system, i.e. the MIRM100
Note:
This handbook is valid for equipment baseline 7.4.4.1 or higher.
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1.7.1
About DR100V configurations
All the DR100V receiver configurations are composed by a DR100V Base Unit fitted with some
add-ons as listed in the table below:
Main Item
P/N
•
774-0562/01
DR100V Base Unit
Mandatory Add on
9
ALB-S card2
9
3
ALB-M card
771-0769/03
771-0615/04
Optional Add on
9
E-GSC card
771-1291/02
Details on DTR100V Base Unit parts list may be found in paragraph § 5.3.1.
1.7.2
About DRR100V configurations
All the DRR100V double receiver configurations are composed by a DRR100V Base Unit
fitted with some add-ons as listed in the table below:
Main Item
P/N
•
774-0563/01
DRR100V Base Unit
Mandatory Add on
9
ALB-S card4
9
5
ALB-M card
771-0769/03
771-0615/04
Optional Add on
9
E-GSC card
771-1291/02
Details on DRR100V Base Unit parts list may be found in paragraph § -5.3.1.
2
The ALB-S and the ALB-M cards are alternative.
The ALB-S and the ALB-M cards are alternative.
4
The ALB-S and the ALB-M cards are alternative.
5
The ALB-S and the ALB-M cards are alternative.
3
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1.8
RADIO EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE CONFIGURATIONS
All the available radio configurations are composed by a Base Unit fitted with some add-ons as
described in the above chapters.
According to to the frequency band and to which add-ons are used, various configurations can
be realised. Every configuration can be identified by its name that is composed from fields
having a specific meaning as shown below.
Field
Value range and meaning
Series
OTE D100 - Fixed value (D stands for Digital)
Radio Type
TR = Transceiver (TX and RX sections are present)
T = Transmitter (only TX section is present)
R = Receiver (only one RX section is present)
RR = Two Receivers (two RX sections are present)
Frequency range
V (VHF 108 to 156 MHz)
U (UHF 225 to 400 MHz)
ALB type
M = the ALB-M card is used
S = the ALB-S card is used
6
Relay Switch presence
2 = two separate RF paths (no Relay)
C = common RF path (the Relay switch is used)
6
This field is empty in DR and DRR configurations.
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1.9
DR100V OPERATING MODES
The following is an overview about the equipment operating modes, including description of
tasks and main features.
1.9.1
AM-DSB mode
This is the traditional analogue speech-only ground to air communication mode, using the
double side band amplitude modulation (A3E).
When operating in AM-DSB, the equipment allows for selection of channel spacing between 25
and 8.33 kHz, with consequent change of performances (e.g. some RF and AF parameters). A
dedicated DSP algorithm that implements a narrow-band IF digital filter provides this feature; no
hardware intervention is thus required.
Following functionality are provided:
• AM-DSB demodulation (A3E) when 25 kHz channel spacing is selected, according to ETS
300 676 and ICAO annex 10 requirements
• AM-DSB demodulation (A3E) with narrow-band features when 8.33 kHz channel spacing is
selected, according to ETS 300 676 and ICAO annex 10 requirements
• Noise blanker facility (implemented by DSP technique)7
1.9.2
AM-DATA mode
The AM-DATA mode allows to operate ACARS function (acronym for Aircraft Communications
Addressing and Reporting System). ACARS allows for data only link between airborne radio
equipment and ground stations. The equipment can support ACARS data link protocol, by
connection to a commercially available external modem.
AM-DATA mode is based on AM-MSK modulation in 25 kHz channel spacing; the physical
media access is realized on CSMA scheme. Following functionality are provided:
• AM-MSK demodulation @ 2.4 kbit/s, supporting physical level of ACARS data link protocol
(character oriented according to ARINC 618,619,620 requirements, or bit oriented according
to ARINC 622)
When operating in AM-DATA mode, Noise blanker is not active.
1.9.3
VDL 2 mode
The VHF Data link mode 2 8 allows for data-only link between airborne radio equipment and
ground stations.
It is based on D8PSK modulation, in 25 kHz channel spacing; the physical media access is
realized on CSMA scheme, featuring p-persistency algorithm for access optimization.
When operating in VDL 2, the equipment provides full support to physical layer functionality,
according to ICAO annex 10, ICAO Manual on VHF Digital Link (VDL) mode 1 and 2 Technical
Specifications, and ETSI EN 301 841-1. This includes following tasks:
7
Not available in current release.
To fully operate VDL2 applications, it is necessary that the equipment is equipped with MSIC card. When equipped
with IMC card, the equipment can anyway be used for VDL2 applications with some restrictions due to the use of an
RS232 interface (115.200 kb/s serial data line, proprietary data transfer protocol).
8
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• D8PSK demodulation @ 31.5 kbit/s
• De-scrambling
• Packet header handling
• Interleaving
• Reed-Solomon channel decoding
• Signal quality evaluation
• Channel sensing process handling with proper “busy/idle” information towards the link layer
It is important to note that Media Access Control sub-layer is implemented outside radio
equipment (e.g. inside an external ground station controller) when using separate receiver and
transmitter devices such as DR100V and DT100V, which may be not necessarily co-located.
1.9.4
VDL 2 LAAS mode
The VHF Data link mode 2 LAAS (Local Area Augmentation System)9 allows for data-only
ground stations transmission towards airborne radio equipment.
It is based on D8PSK modulation, in 25 kHz channel spacing as VHF Data link mode 2; but it is
based on TDMA scheme in which a 500 ms frame is divided into 8 slots.
Nevertheless, concerning ground stations, this mode is intended as transmission only. DR100V
receiver may be only used as monitoring of the ground station transmission.
When operating in VDL 2 LAAS, the equipment provides full support to physical layer
functionality, according to RTCA DO246.
1.9.5
VDL 3 mode
The VHF Data link mode 3 10 allows up to 4 simultaneous connections, with several
combinations of digitized voice and data, in 25 kHz channel spacing.
It is based on D8PSK modulation as the VDL 2, while the physical media access is realized on
TDMA scheme, each frame composed by 4 timeslots (3 timeslots in a special sub-mode
configuration intended for long range coverage tasks). Frame duration in all cases is 120 ms.
When operating in VDL 3, the equipment provides full support to physical layer functionality,
according to ICAO annex 10, ICAO Manual on VHF Digital Link (VDL) mode 3 Technical
Specifications, and FAA-E-2938 v.3.0. This includes following tasks:
• D8PSK demodulation @ 31.5 kbit/s
• De-scrambling
• Training sequence detection and management
• Packet header handling, included FEC header channel coding
• Synchronization of TDMA timing to an external UTC time source
The Media Access Control, and therefore the TDMA framing structure handling, is implemented
outside the equipment.
9
Not available in current release.
Not available in current release.
10
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1.9.6
VDL 4 mode
The VHF Data link mode 4 (this standard formerly known as STDMA protocol) 11 allows
operating data links onto a common shared channel resource, in 25 kHz channel spacing. This
application is targeted to VHF data networks for CNS/ATM special applications like ADS-B.
VDL 4 is based on GFSK modulation, while the physical media access is realized on a selforganizing TDMA scheme, in which a superframe, whose duration is 1 minute, is composed by
4500 timeslots, whose duration is 13.33 ms (station access to available timeslots is realized by
channel sensing procedure).
When operating in VDL 4, the equipment provides full support to physical layer functionality,
according to ICAO annex 10, ICAO Manual on VHF Digital Link (VDL) mode 4 Technical
Specifications, and ETSI EN301 842-1. This includes following tasks:
• GFSK demodulation @ 19.2 kbit/s (in alternative, D8PSK @ 31.5 kbit/s selectable)
• VDL 4 superframes synchronization to the “1-minute” absolute time marking of an external
GNSS reference (or equivalent UTC-slaved source)
• De-scrambling
• Management of bursts reception
• Channel (intended as timeslot) sensing process handling with proper “busy/idle” information
towards the link layer.
As an alternative to the GFSK, for point-to point connections, and if no co-channel protection
improvement is needed, the D8PSK modulation scheme can be selected also for VDL 4, with
different burst format than the GFSK one.
The Media Access Control, and therefore the TDMA framing structure handling, is implemented
outside the equipment.
1.9.7
Operating frequency band
The equipment can operate in the 108 to 156 MHz frequency band, which includes:
• The 117.975 to 136.975 MHz VHF aeronautical band, according to ICAO annex 10
• The 138.000 to 156.000 MHz upper military VHF band
• The 108.000 to 136.975 MHz VDL 4 band
11
Not available in current release.
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1.10 DRR100V OPERATING MODES
The following is an overview about the equipment operating modes, including description of
tasks and main features.
1.10.1
AM-DSB mode
This is the traditional analogue speech-only ground to air communication mode, using the
double side band amplitude modulation (A3E).
When operating in AM-DSB, the equipment allows for selection of channel spacing between 25
and 8.33 kHz, with consequent change of performances (e.g. some RF and AF parameters). A
dedicated DSP algorithm that implements a narrow-band IF digital filter provides this feature; no
hardware intervention is thus required.
Following functionality are provided:
• AM-DSB demodulation (A3E) when 25 kHz channel spacing is selected, according to ETS
300 676 and ICAO annex 10 requirements
• AM-DSB demodulation (A3E) with narrow-band features when 8.33 kHz channel spacing is
selected, according to ETS 300 676 and ICAO annex 10 requirements
• Noise blanker facility (implemented by DSP technique)12
1.10.2
AM-DATA mode
The AM-DATA mode allows to operate ACARS function13 (acronym for Aircraft Communications
Addressing and Reporting System). ACARS allows for data only link between airborne radio
equipment and ground stations. The equipment can support ACARS data link protocol, by
connection to a commercially available external modem.
AM-DATA mode is based on AM-MSK modulation in 25 kHz channel spacing; the physical
media access is realized on CSMA scheme. Following functionality are provided:
• AM-MSK demodulation @ 2.4 kbit/s, supporting physical level of ACARS data link protocol
(character oriented according to ARINC 618,619,620 requirements, or bit oriented according
to ARINC 622)
When operating in AM-DATA mode, Noise blanker is not active.
1.10.3
VDL 2 mode
The VHF Data link mode 2 14 allows for data-only link between airborne radio equipment and
ground stations.
It is based on D8PSK modulation, in 25 kHz channel spacing; the physical media access is
realized on CSMA scheme, featuring p-persistency algorithm for access optimization.
When operating in VDL 2, the equipment provides full support to physical layer functionality,
according to ICAO annex 10, ICAO Manual on VHF Digital Link (VDL) mode 1 and 2 Technical
Specifications, and ETSI EN 301 841-1. This includes following tasks:
12
Not available in current release.
Not available in current release.
14
To fully operate VDL2 applications, it is necessary that the equipment is equipped with MSIC card. When equipped
with IMC card, the equipment can anyway be used for VDL2 applications with some restrictions due to the use of an
RS232 interface (115.200 kb/s serial data line, proprietary data transfer protocol).
13
26
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• D8PSK demodulation @ 31.5 kbit/s
• De-scrambling
• Packet header handling
• Interleaving
• Reed-Solomon channel decoding
• Signal quality evaluation
• Channel sensing process handling with proper “busy/idle” information towards the link layer
It is important to note that Media Access Control sub-layer is implemented outside radio
equipment (e.g. inside an external ground station controller) when using separate receiver and
transmitter devices such as DR100V and DT100V, which may be not necessarily co-located.
1.10.4
VDL 2 LAAS mode
The VHF Data link mode 2 LAAS (Local Area Augmentation System)15 allows for data-only
ground stations transmission towards airborne radio equipment.
It is based on D8PSK modulation, in 25 kHz channel spacing as VHF Data link mode 2; but it is
based on TDMA scheme in which a 500 ms frame is divided into 8 slots.
Nevertheless, concerning ground stations, this mode is intended as transmission only. DR100V
receiver may be only used as monitoring of the ground station transmission.
When operating in VDL 2 LAAS, the equipment provides full support to physical layer
functionality, according to RTCA DO246.
1.10.5
VDL 3 mode
The VHF Data link mode 3 16 allows up to 4 simultaneous connections, with several
combinations of digitized voice and data, in 25 kHz channel spacing.
It is based on D8PSK modulation as the VDL 2, while the physical media access is realized on
TDMA scheme, each frame composed by 4 timeslots (3 timeslots in a special sub-mode
configuration intended for long range coverage tasks). Frame duration in all cases is 120 ms.
When operating in VDL 3, the equipment provides full support to physical layer functionality,
according to ICAO annex 10, ICAO Manual on VHF Digital Link (VDL) mode 3 Technical
Specifications, and FAA-E-2938 v.3.0. This includes following tasks:
• D8PSK demodulation @ 31.5 kbit/s
• De-scrambling
• Training sequence detection and management
• Packet header handling, included FEC header channel coding
• Synchronization of TDMA timing to an external UTC time source
The Media Access Control, and therefore the TDMA framing structure handling, is implemented
outside the equipment.
15
16
Not available in current release.
Not available in current release.
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1.10.6
VDL 4 mode
The VHF Data link mode 4 (this standard formerly known as STDMA protocol) 17 allows
operating data links onto a common shared channel resource, in 25 kHz channel spacing. This
application is targeted to VHF data networks for CNS/ATM special applications like ADS-B.
VDL 4 is based on GFSK modulation, while the physical media access is realized on a selforganizing TDMA scheme, in which a superframe, whose duration is 1 minute, is composed by
4500 timeslots, whose duration is 13.33 ms (station access to available timeslots is realized by
channel sensing procedure).
When operating in VDL 4, the equipment provides full support to physical layer functionality,
according to ICAO annex 10, ICAO Manual on VHF Digital Link (VDL) mode 4 Technical
Specifications, and ETSI EN301 842-1. This includes following tasks:
• GFSK demodulation @ 19.2 kbit/s (in alternative, D8PSK @ 31.5 kbit/s selectable)
• VDL 4 superframes synchronization to the “1-minute” absolute time marking of an external
GNSS reference (or equivalent UTC-slaved source)
• De-scrambling
• Management of bursts reception
• Channel (intended as timeslot) sensing process handling with proper “busy/idle” information
towards the link layer.
As an alternative to the GFSK, for point-to point connections, and if no co-channel protection
improvement is needed, the D8PSK modulation scheme can be selected also for VDL 4, with
different burst format than the GFSK one.
The Media Access Control, and therefore the TDMA framing structure handling, is implemented
outside the equipment.
1.10.7
Operating frequency band
The equipment can operate in the 108 to 156 MHz frequency band, which includes:
• The 117.975 to 136.975 MHz VHF aeronautical band, according to ICAO annex 10
• The 138.000 to 156.000 MHz upper military VHF band
• The 108.000 to 136.975 MHz VDL 4 band
17
Not available in current release.
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1.11 GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS
ACRONYM
MEANING
AC
Alternate Current
ACARS
Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System
ADC
Analog-to-Digital Converter
ADS-B
Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast
AF
Audio Frequency
AGC
Automatic Gain Control
ALB-M
Analogue Line Barrier Minimal
ALB-S
Analogue Line Barrier System
AM-DSB
Amplitude Modulation-Double Side Band
AM-MSK
Amplitude Modulation-Minimum Shift Keying
ARC
AeRonautical Communication
ARINC
Aeronautical Radio INC (airline consortium )
ATC
Air Traffic Control
ATM
Air Traffic Management
AWG
American Wire Gauge
BB
Baseband
BER
Bit-Error Rate
BITE
Built-In Test Equipment
BNC
Bayonet Navy Connector (type of RF connector)
CCITT
Consultative Committee on Int'l Telephone and Telegraph
CE
Conformité Européene/Certified Europe
CNS
Communications, Navigation and Surveillance
CODEC
Coder/Decoder
CP
Control Panel
cPCI
compact Peripheral Component Interconnect
CPLD
Complex Programmable Logic Device
CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Check
CSMA
Carrier Sense Multiple Access
D8PSK
Differentially encoded 8-Phase Shift Keying
DAC
Digital-to-Analog Converter
DC
Direct Current
DIN
Deutsches Institut für Normung
DPRAM
Dual-Port Random Access Memory
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ACRONYM
30
MEANING
DR100V
Digital Receiver, OTE 100 series, VHF band
DRC100
Digital Remote Control, OTE 100 series
DRR100V
Digital Receiver Receiver, OTE 100 series, VHF band
DSP
Digital Signal Processing/Processor
DT100
Digital Transmitter, OTE 100 series
DTR100
Digital Transceiver, OTE 100 series
EEC
European Economic Community
EEPROM
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EMC
ElectroMagnetic Compliance
EMI
ElectroMagnetic Interference
EN
European Norm
ESD
ElectroStatic Discharge
ETS
European Telecommunications Standard
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
FAA
Federal Aviation Authority
FEC
Forward Error Correction
FPGA
Field Programmable Gate Array
FSK
Frequency-Shift Keying
GFSK
Gaussian-filtered Frequency-Shift Keying
GND
Ground
GNSS
Global Navigation Satellite System
GPS
Global Positioning System/Satellite
GSC
Ground Station Controller
HE
HöhenEinheit (44.45 mm, 19'' System )
HCMOS
High-density Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
HMI
Human-Machine Interface
HPI
Host Peripheral Interface
ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization
IEC
International Electrotechnical Committee/Commission
IMC
Interface and Management Card
LAAS
Local Area Augmentation System
LAN
Local Area Network
LED
Light Emitting Diode
LMT
Local Managemnt Terminal
LNA
Low-Noise Amplifier
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ACRONYM
MEANING
MAC
Media/Medium Access Control ( layer )
MDF
Main Distribution Frame
MIRM
Multi-access Infrastructure and Radio Management
MSL
Mean Sea Level
MTTR
Mean Time To Repair
N
Navy (type of RF connector)
NC
Normally Close
NMI
Not Maskable Interrupt
NO
Normally Open
O&M
Operation and Maintenance
OTE
Officine Toscane Elettromeccaniche
P/N
Part Number
PCM
Pulse Code Modulation
PLL
Phase-Locked Loop
ppm
Part Per Million
PS
Power Supply (module)
PTFE
Polytetrafluoroethylene
PTT
Push to Talk
RAL
Color standard by "Deutsches Institut für Gütesicherung und
Kennzeichnung"
RAM
Random Access Memory
RCB
Radio Control Bus
RF
Radio Frequency
RFSU
Radio Frequency Switching Unit
RSSI
Received Signal Strength Indicator
RX
Receiver or Reception
SCI
Serial Communications Interface
SINAD
Signal to Noise And Distortion
SMA
Sub-Miniature A (type of RF connector)
SPI
Serial Peripheral Interface
SRAM
Static Random Access Memory
STDMA
Self-Organising Time Division Multiple Access
SQL
Squelch (signaling)
TCXO
Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator
TDMA
Time-Division Multiple Access
TG
Tracking Generator
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ACRONYM
32
MEANING
TNC
Threaded Navy Connector (type of RF connector)
TTL
Transistor-Transistor Logic
TX
Transmitter or Transmission
TX/RX
Transmitter and Receiver
UPS
Uninterruptible Power Supply/System
UTC
Universal Time Coordinated
VCO
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
VCSS
Voice Communication Switching System
VDL
VHF Digital Link
VHF
Very High Frequency
VSWR
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
wrt
with respect to
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2. FEATURES AND SAFETY
This section of the handbook describes the equipment technical features, and gives all the
instructions and warning for a correct and safe use of the equipment. Operators are strongly
recommended to respect given indications; non-observance of these instructions can result in
personnel injury or in property damage.
2.1
FEATURES
Here below listed equipment technical features.
Equipment - General, mechanical, environmental, safety
Feature
Description and Value
Power supply:
AC: Nominal 115/230 VAC (full range: 88 to 265 VAC); 50/60 Hz
DC backup : 24 VDC (full range: 21 to 32 VDC)
Power consumption (AC): 60 W (standby and RX state) - 120 W (standby and RX state) for DRR100
Power consumption (DC backup): 45 W (standby and RX state) - 90 W (standby and RX state) for DRR100
•
115 V - DR100: 550 mA - DRR100: 550 mA for each section
•
230 V - DR100: 270 mA - DRR100: 270 mA for each section
•
21 V - DR100: 2.1 A - DRR100: 2.1 A for each section
Max. current absorption (DC backup): •
24 V - DR100: 1.9 A - DRR100: 1.9 A for each section
•
32 V - DR100: 1.4 A - DRR100: 1.4 A for each section
Max. current absorption (AC):
Operating frequency band: 108 to 156 MHz
Frequency Stability:
Channel Spacing:
Main signal and data connections:
±1 ppm (standard VCOs on RX)
±0.3 ppm (slaved to external clock reference)
•
25 kHz (for AM-DSB and VDL modes)
•
8.33 kHz (for AM-DSB only)
4W E&M
AF + signaling (ALB-S version)
Separate 4W E&M ports for primary and backup AF lines
VDL Data I/F
18
SMA-type
LMT/Test I/F
External clock reference connections:
21
RS485 multidrop I/O
RF connections: RX input port
Radio Control Bus monitoring
20
RS232
O&M to/from remote
Service facility connections:
19
AF + signaling (ALB-M version)
RS232 test port
22
RS485 (test only)
Audio ancillaries
Headset/Microphone I/O on front panel
Recorder I/F
600 ohm balanced line
Clock port
10 MHz on SMA-type (HCMOS-level)
GPS/GNSS
1 pps reference pulse
Cabinet arrangement: 3HE/84TE for 19” rack-standard according to (Eurocard IEC297 standard)
Maximum external dimensions: width 483 mm; heigth 132 mm; depth 308 mm (298 mm excluding rear connectors)
Weight: Approximately 8,5 Kg (for DR100V)
Operating environmental range:
Non-op/storage environmental range:
Temperature range: -20 to +55°C
Relative humidity: 5 to 90%
Temperature range: -40° to +70°C
Relative humidity: up to 90%
Altitude (operational) up to 15,000 ft. (MSL)
18
This interface is not usable with current SW release. In AM-DSB (in the ALB-S version) the port is used to manage
embedded changeover procedure.
-10 dBm I/O nominal on 600 ohm, E&M configurable
20
-10 dBm I/O nominal on 1200 ohm, E&M configurable
21
Also comprehensive of control signals, for details see section § 7 - Installation and setting-up.
22
Reserved.
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Feature
Description and Value
EMI/RFI:
According to EN specifications for CE marking
23
According to ETSI 301 489-22 specifications
Safety class: According to EN 60950-1
24
Protection class Class I25
Installation category II in accordance with IEC 66426
IP class IP20
Receiver section - General
Feature
Description and Value
•
Sensitivity: •
•
27
12 dB SINAD with - 107 dBm 30% AM (CCITT weighted) (25 kHz and 8.33 kHz AM-DSB)
< -102 dBm (VDL2 D8PSK with uncorrected BER < 10 )
-3
< -101 dBm (VDL4 GFSK with uncorrected BER < 10-4)
Nominal RF Input Impedance: 50 ohm
Receiver dynamic range overall: from –107 dBm to +13 dBm
25 kHz
(AM-DSB and VDL modes)
Adjacent Channel Rejection:
8.33 kHz
(AM-DSB only)
AM-DSB:
≥ 60 dB (according to ETSI EN 300 676)
≥ 60 dB (according to ETSI EN 300 676)
VDL:
≥ 44 dB
-
Image/spurious response rejection: ≥ 80 dB
Environmental
phenomena
Spurious emissions:
Frequency range
Test limits Rx
According to ETSI EN 300 676
Reference bandwidth
28
Cross modulation rejection: > 80 dB @ ± 1 MHz (interfering signal offset)
3rd order intermodulation rejection: ≥ 70 dB @ ± 500 kHz (two interfering signals offset)
Receiver overvoltage protection: + 27 dBm
Nominal receiver performance: 3 dB desensitization with the following alternative unwanted signals:
Blocking:
Level:
-11 dBm
-7 dBm
Modulation:
none
none
none
Band (MHz)
108 to156
108 to156
87.5 to107.9
Offset
± 500 kHz
Guard margin
-4dBm
± 1 MHz
3 MHz
10 MHz
AM (8.33 and 25 kHz) modulation
AGC features:
•
demodulated signal variation: ± 1,5 dB 30% - 90% mod. Depth
•
stabilisation time: ≤ 40 ms (attack); <50 ms (release)
D8PSK modulation
•
Nominal BER performances: from – 102 dBm to – 7 dBm
•
stabilisation time: ≤ 238 µs (2,5 symbols @ 10,5 ksymb/s)
23
Ref: ETSI 301 489-22 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards for radio equipment and services - Part 22:
Specific conditions for ground-based VHF aeronautical mobile for fixed radio equipment.
24
Ref: EN 60950-1 - Information Technology Equipment - Safety.
25
Equipment safety is based on the integrity of the connection to the general ground system. Active parts (e.g. parts
under voltage) are protected by fundamental isolation; accessible conductive parts (e.g the chassis) must be connected
in reliable and safe way to a safety grounding point.
26
Ref: IEC 664 - Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems - Principles, requirements and tests.
27
Equivalent to 10 dB (S+N)/N with - 107 dBm 30% AM (CCITT weighted).
28
Ref: ETSI EN 300 676 - Ground-based VHF hand-held, mobile and fixed radio transmitters, receivers and
transceivers for VHF aeronautical mobile service using amplitude modulation, technical characteristics and methods of
measurement.
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Receiver section - AM demodulation
Feature
Description and Value
Demodulation type: A3E
RSSI or C/N operating
Squelch functionality:
Audio Frequency output:
•
C/N threshold: 5 dB to 20 dB S/N
•
RSSI threshold: - 107 ÷ - 50 dBm
•
Hysteresis: 2 dB ÷ 8 dB range
•
AF mute attenuation: 60 dB
•
C/N mode override threshold: - 107 ÷ - 67 dBm
•
-30 to +10 dBm (line interface)
•
2W (loudspeaker)
Automatic audio level control: Audio variation: ≤ 2 dB ( modulation from 30% to 95%)
Distortion: ≤ 5%
Audio noise: (S+N)/N ≥ 45 dB @ 80% modulation (1 kHz tone)
According to ETSI EN 300 676:
AF frequency response: •
25 kHz spacing: 300 Hz to 3.4 kHz (+2 -4 dB wrt 1 kHz level)
•
8.33 kHz spacing: 350 Hz to 2.5 kHz (+2 -4 dB wrt 1 kHz level)
group delay (AM-Data): < 20 µs @ 1,2 kHz & 2,4kHz
Receiver section - D8PSK demodulation
Feature
Description and Value
Frequency capture range: ± 826 Hz.
Symbol rate capture range: 50 ppm
Nominal performances with:
Doppler rate: doppler frequency variation = 18 Hz/sec
doppler shift range = ± 282 Hz
Receiver section - GFSK demodulation
Feature
Description and Value
Frequency capture range: ± 826 Hz.
Symbol rate capture range: 50 ppm
Nominal performances with:
Doppler rate: •
doppler frequency variation = 18 Hz/sec
•
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2.2
SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS
Carefully read all the following cautions and warnings before using the equipment.
Do not use the equipment for uses different than those indicated in the
handbook.
WARNING
For correct use of equipment, refer to the relevant section within this
handbook.
WARNING
Protect the equipment from rainfalls, sprinkling of water and/or other
liquids, and from dust.
WARNING
Do not set any object on equipment.
WARNING
Connect the equipment to the equipment room ground bar through
dedicated connection, and not through physical contact with other
frames.
WARNING
Do not use the equipment if it is not appropriately grounded or if ground is
absent.
WARNING
WARNING
38
The electric shock can cause the interruption of the natural breathing. An
immediate action is necessary in order to restore breathing. It is
therefore necessary that the staff be familiarized with the various
methods of artificial breathing and cardiac massage. In case of incidents,
caused from high tension, an urgent medical aid is necessary to deal the
possible effects of the body poisoning caused from burns. In all the
cases, proper medical assistance must be requested. It is necessary to
make sure that any person who uses or takes care itself of the
maintenance of the equipment having parts under dangerous voltages is
able of performing artificial breathing, and it is necessary to instruct the
staff on first aid measures in case the need arises.
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Do not use the equipment if the power cable and/or the power supply
outlet are damaged.
WARNING
Do not use the equipment if antenna, and/or antenna cable is damaged.
WARNING
Install the equipment following the instructions given in this handbook.
The equipment must be installed in such a way complies with the national
regulations in effect.
WARNING
Wear protection gloves when handling the equipment.
WARNING
When handling the equipment be sure that all internal modules and cards
are safely screwed in their position into the chassis.
WARNING
The equipment weight can cause problems during its handling. Take the
necessary precautions, e.g. be assisted by another person if necessary.
WARNING
Position the equipment in such a way as to guarantee its correct aeration
as well as safe accessibility to the front side controls, and rear side power
supply outlets, RF, signal and data connections.
WARNING
Do not position the equipment standing on its rear side, since this can
damage rear panel parts.
WARNING
Carry out the maintenance interventions on the equipment following the
instructions given in this handbook.
WARNING
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Follow all accident prevention standards when carrying out maintenance
interventions on the equipment.
WARNING
WARNING
The equipment includes components containing beryllium oxide (beryllia),
substance that can be highly toxic if no precautionary measures are
undertaken. Pay attention to the beryllium oxide warning label placed on
the relevant module(s), and to beryllium oxide warning within this
handbook. Relevant module(s) cover must not be removed.
Disconnect the power supply
interventions on the equipment.
before
carrying
out
maintenance
WARNING
The PS module does not fully disconnect the equipment from both AC
and DC sources, even when front side switches are in OFF position. Part
replacement must take place only once that the external AC breaker has
been switched OFF, and/or external DC supply has been disconnected.
WARNING
Use only accessories or replacement parts approved by the manufacturer
for the equipment.
WARNING
Only authorized technical personnel may carry out maintenance
interventions on the equipment.
WARNING
Selex-Communications S.p.A.
Customer Care & N.O.C.
Via Pieragostini, 80
16151 Genova - Italy
Green Line
800 905 048
800 509 590
Direct Line
+39 010 614 7159
Fax
+39 010 6093 3194
Web site
www.selexcomms.com
E-mail
customer.care@selex-comms.com
The equipment complies with all product specification and the greatest care is taken by the
manufacturer so that user safety, as far as the effects of electromagnetic waves on health are
concerned, is guaranteed within the limits established by the international specifications.
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2.3
ESD PRECAUTIONS
No ESD precautions have to be taken by the operator in the daily use of the equipment. The
equipment is designed and manufactured in such a way to not be sensible to electrostatic
discharges.
2.3.1
ESD precautions in maintenance/installation
The equipment includes many electrostatic-sensitive parts that must be handled at a staticsafeguarded working area. Furthermore, they must be arranged in static-safeguarded
packages, either in the case of storing, or in the case of shipment.
These recommendations should be followed with the maximum care, especially in the case of
modules or board extraction and handling, for installation or maintenance activity, etc.
A static safeguard area may be intended as:
• Grounded static dissipating wrist-strap that drains static charge from the operator wearing it.
• A work surface covered with or composed of a grounded, static-dissipating material that
drains electrical charges from devices placed on the surface.
Work surface should provide a standard-size ESD-safeguard snap suitable for snap-stacking
wrist-strap connection. It should be used as a convenient ESD caution, whenever handling
modules and boards. These recommendations are to be extended also to activity not strictly
performed in close equipment surrounding. If removed, replaced, or located inside workshop,
any board should be handled by means of convenient ESD cautions.
WARNING
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Please note that SELEX Communications disclaims any responsibility for
problems due to poor ESD protection during installation/maintenance
activity.
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3. OPERATION
The purpose of this section is to describe the operational management of the equipment, the
control and indicator devices, and the operating through the control panel facilities.
3.1
DRR100V VARIANT
Since the DRR100V is composed by two identical and independent receiver sections, all the
aspects referred to the operational management of the DR100V equipment shall be duplicated
for both the sections composing DRR100V. Therefore, the operating aspects and control,
indicators and connectors location are detailed in common chapters.
3.2
OPERATING STATES AND EQUIPMENT ACCESS POINTS
The equipment can be set in two different operating states:
• ON Line state if the AF line port(s), located onto the ALB-x rear panel, is (are) used to
manage the AF+signaling connection, e.g. carrying the RX balanced audio lines. This is the
typical operating state to be used when the equipment is serviced by an operator located at
a remote position, such as the audio console facility of a VCSS device.
• OFF Line state if the Headset/Microphone connector, located onto the Control Panel front
side, is used to manage the AF+signaling connection, e.g. the RX audio. In this operating
state, the AF line port(s) located onto the ALB-x rear panel is (are) not enabled, this meaning
that the equipment can not provide service to an operator located at a remote position.
Although full management of equipment audio facility is possible in OFF Line state (e.g. by
Headset), this is the typical operating state to be used for local maintenance/test activities.
Concerning O&M functions, the equipment can be managed from the following access points:
• Control Panel (CP), if the O&M control and message monitoring is directly managed on the
equipment, by use of the Control Panel keyboard. It is intended as an easy and immediate
access point.
• TEST port (TEST), if the O&M control and message monitoring is managed by a software
tool connected to the RS232 Test Interface port located on the equipment front side (e.g. the
Local Management Terminal, or LMT29). It is intended as a full-control access point giving
the capability to handle any equipment operating parameter; a typical use of this interface is
for setup, maintenance and troubleshooting actions.
• DIAG port (DIAG), if the O&M control and message monitoring is remotely managed through
OTE Remote Control and Management System (RCMS), or any other system dedicated to
the control of a single equipment, or more than one. The remote control takes place through
the RS485 DIAG Diagnostic Interface, located on the equipment rear side. It is intended as
an interface facility targeted to the management from remote30.
When performing O&M tasks, it is important to note that many equipment functional parameters
can be accessed only in OFF Line state, irrespectively of the O&M access point. See next
chapters for further details about editable parameters.
29
Refer to LMT documentation for further details.
DIAG interface capability is not described in this handbook, since it is dependant on the RCMS architecture and
features, and RCMS operator position HMI features.
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3.3
CONTROL, INDICATORS AND CONNECTORS
Control and indicator devices are located on the front panel of the equipment. The rear panel is
devoted to external signal and power connections, with the exception of power switches and
indication of signaling from remote. The radio can be equipped with ALB-M or ALB-S card.
Here below the figure shows the DR100V front and rear view in both configurations and the
table gives a description of all DR100V indicators, switches and connectors.
Figure 3.1 - DR100V devices
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Table 3.1 - DR100V front side devices description
Ref
Description
Function
1
LEDs (green, red)
RX module status
2
LEDs (green, red, yellow)
BB module status
3
LCD Display 2x16 digits
Display on Control Panel
4
Mini-DIN 8-pin connector
Test connector.
5
RP17 connector
Headset/Microphone connector.
6
Four control keys
Keyboard on Control Panel
Table 3.2 - DR100V rear side devices description
Ref
Description
Function
7
Switch
ON/OFF AC switch
8
LEDS (green, red)
PS module status
9
Plug-in connector
DC powering
10
9-pin D-type female
Service port
11
SMA-type female connector
EXT CLOCK port (10 MHz reference)
12
SMA-type female connector
RX module RF input
Standard IEC 320 connector
AC powering and AC fuses (integrated)
13
2 x 3,15 A fuse (5x20 slow blow)
14
Switch
ON/OFF DC switch
15
6,3 A fuse (5x20 fast acting)
DC line protection
16
9-pin D-type male
GPS/GNSS input
17
GND connection point
Equipment grounding
ALB-S
version
RJ45 connectors
(keyed)
AF lines and signaling for Primary line
and Primary line switched.
ALB-M
version
LEDs (green)
ALB-S
version
RJ45 connectors
(keyed)
AF lines and signaling for Backup line
and Backup line switched.
ALB-M
version
RJ45 connector
(keyed)
AF line and signaling
18
19
PTT and Squelch status indication
20
RJ45 connector (DATA)
Data interface (RS232) connector 31
21
RJ45 connector (CTRL)
Auxiliary control signals I/O connector
22
RJ45 connector (DIAG)
Remote diagnostic interface connector
31
When operating AM-DSB modes, this port allows for serial data connection between a main and a standby unit to
support changeover features. When operating AM-DATA or any VDL mode, this port allows for data interfacing towards
an external ground station controller device.
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Ref
3.3.1
Description
Function
23
RJ45 connector (ANT)
Ext. antenna switch interface connector
24
RJ45 connector (422)
Data connector (RS422) used only for
testing purpose
Front panel connectors
Earphone/Headset connector. It is a RP17 12-pin socket; it is located on the front side of
Control Panel module and it is used to connect the earphone by AF output line and command
wire (EAR ON). An headset kit may be used instead than earphone; in this case the headset
microphone is not operative.
Table 3.3 - Earphone/Headset connector pin function
Pin
Signal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
N.C.
GND
PTT
GND
GND
N.C.
N.C.
Earphone left
GND
Earphone right
Earphone ON
N.C.
Function
Not used
Ground
Not used
Ground
Ground
Earphone output (stereo earphone, 32 Ohm impedance)
Ground
Earphone output (stereo earphone, 32 Ohm impedance)
Speaker muting, when the headset is connected
TEST interface. It is a Mini-DIN 8-pin socket; it is located on the Baseband module front panel,
and it is used to connect an external service-PC for configuration and O&M purposes. It may
also be used for monitoring of the internal 10 MHz reference accuracy. This port is normally
protected by a cover (P/N 970-2555/01), that shall be removed only when the TEST port is in
use. The protection cover shall be kept in place during the normal equipment operating.
Table 3.4 - TEST interface connector pin function
32
Pin
Signal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
GND
TEST_SER_RX
10 MHz_monitor
GND
TEST_SER_TX
GND
N.C.
N.C.
Function
Ground
RS232 RX line, used for test purpose
Reference clock accuracy monitoring32
Ground
RS232 TX line, used for test purpose
Ground
This is a 500 KHz signal obtained by dividing the internal 10 MHz reference source.
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3.3.2
DR100V controls and indicators description
The RX module front panel hosts the following controls and indicators:
Table 3.5 - RX module front panel LEDs layout and meaning
LED
CARRIER (green)
FAULT (red)
Status
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
Function
RX carrier over squelch threshold33
RX in squelch state
RX fault
Operating correctly
The BB module front panel hosts the following controls and indicators:
Table 3.6 - BB module front panel LEDs layout and meaning
LED
ACTIVE (green)
FAULT (red)
OFFLINE (yellow)
33
34
•
35
•
•
•
Status
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
Function
Connected to AF line 34 35
Not connected to AF line
BB fault
Operating correctly
Equipment OFF-LINE
Equipment ON-LINE
When the squelch is disabled this LED is always ON.
Equipment in stand-alone configuration:
The BB ACTIVE LED ON indicates whether the equipment is connected and managed by the AF line (e.g it
becomes OFF if the unit is set OFF-Line).
Equipment in main/standby couple configuration:
In idle state, the BB ACTIVE LED ON indicates whether the equipment is connected to the AF line. If only primary
AF line is present, only main equipment has BB ACTIVE LED ON when in idle state, since it is connected to the AF
line. If both primary and backup AF line are present, both equipment have BB ACTIVE LED ON when in idle state,
since the main is connected to the primary AF line and the standby to the backup.
In receive state, the BB ACTIVE LED ON still indicates whether the equipment is connected to the AF line. If only
primary AF line is present, and a RF signal is received by both the main and the standby equipment, it is possible
to see the main equipment with BB ACTIVE LED ON (together with CARRIER LED on the RX), while the standby
unit of the couple has BB ACTIVE LED OFF (although its CARRIER LED on the RX is active). This means that
both units are receiving, and the main unit is connected to the line. If the main unit is OFF-Line, in alarm state, or
not receiving, the standby unit is selected for connection to the AF line, and its BB ACTIVE LED is ON.
In receive state, if both primary and backup AF line are present, and a RF signal is received by both the main and
the standby equipment, it is possible to see BB ACTIVE LED ON on both equipment (together with CARRIER LED
on both RXs). This means that both units are receiving, and the main unit is connected to the primary AF line,
while the standby is connected to the backup AF line. If one unit of the couple is in OFF-Line, in alarm state, or not
receiving, it is disconnected by AF lines and its BB ACTIVE LED is OFF; the other unit of the couple is connected
to both primary and backup AF lines and its BB ACTIVE LED is ON.
Operating condition
Idle state, only primary AF line
Idle state, both AF lines
RX state on both units, only primary AF line
RX state on main only, only primary AF line
RX state on standby only, only primary AF line
RX state on both units, both AF lines
RX state on main only, both AF lines
RX state on standby only, both AF lines
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Main unit LEDs
BB
RX
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Standby unit LEDs
BB
RX
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
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The CP module front panel hosts the following controls and indicators:
Table 3.7 - CP module front panel layout and keyboard meaning
Key
Function
cancel
move up
move down
confirm
C
▲
▼
OK
The PS module front panel hosts the following controls and indicators:
Table 3.8 - PS module rear panel LEDs layout and meaning
LED
ON (green)
FAULT (red)
50
Status
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
Function
Equipment ON, operating correctly
Equipment OFF
PS fault
Operating correctly
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3.3.3
Control Panel operating
The display allows monitoring and management of DR100V configuration parameters (e.g.
frequency, power output level etc.) through keyboard use. Moreover, it shows the alarms
(intended as messages indicating a detected failure) coming from modules.
Following figure shows an example of messages that can be visualized on the display, and the
keys use to browse windows.
Figure 3.2 - DR100V (ALB-M version) keyboard menu functional block diagram
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Figure 3.3 - DR100V (ALB-M version) setting environment functional block diagram
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Figure 3.4 - DR100V (ALB-S version) keyboard menu functional block diagram
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Figure 3.5 - DR100V (ALB-S version) setting environment functional block diagram
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The following table shows information that can be monitored on display. Press ▲ or ▼ key to
browse the windows.
Table 3.9 – DR100V Display messages (ALB-M version)
Display message
DR100
Alarms Present
AM 25 kHz
F=225.000
L.
C=---
DR100 FAULT:
R B A I P
DR100 State:
ON LINE
37
This is the default window when alarms are present.
Default window when no alarms are present. It gives
information on current frequency, channel and the
indication of OFF Line (L) or ON Line (R) state.
This window appears only when alarms are present.
Letters are referred to modules (or cards) that produce
an alarm.
This window appears only when no alarms are
present.
Squelch
ENABLED
Indication of squelch state (enabled/disabled)
Squelch Thr.
-107dBm
Indication of RSSI squelch (this window appears only
when RSSI mode is set by LMT)36
Squelch CN Thr.
5 dB
Indication of C/N squelch (this window appears only
when C/N mode or C/N + Override mode is set by LMT)36
Sq Override Thr
-87 dBm
Indication of override threshold (this window appears
only when C/N + Override mode is set by LMT)36
RS485 Addr.
Ph:002 DL:048
This is the address ID on the RS485 connection
routed towards an external controller for remote O&M
management
TX AF input level to get rated modulation index37
AF Line in
-10.0 dBm
36
Description
AF Line OUT
-10.0 dBm
RX AF output level
RACK TYPE
Stand Alone
Activate Measure
Indication of the equipment assigned type; this may be
Main or Standby (2 equipments in redundancy
scheme) or Stand Alone (single equipment)
This window allows for activating the measurement
environment
Baseline
7.4.4.1
Indication of the Baseline (global software release) of the
equipment. In case of “Baseline Error” this window shows
the first letter of the card in error.
Refer to section § - 3.3.3.7 for details on squelch settings.
The TX AF LINE is used to carry line control signals
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Table 3.10 - DR100V display messages (ALB-S version)
Display message
DR100
Alarms Present
AM 25 kHz
F=225.000
L.
C=---
DR100 FAULT:
R B A I P
DR100 State:
ON LINE
Squelch Thr.
-107dBm
Indication of RSSI squelch (this window appears only when
RSSI mode is set by LMT)38
Squelch CN Thr.
5 dB
Indication of C/N squelch (this window appears only when
C/N mode or C/N + Override mode is set by LMT)36
Sq Override Thr
-87 dBm
Indication of override threshold (this window appears only
when C/N + Override mode is set by LMT)36
AF Line OUT Pri
-10.0 dBm
AF Line in BkUp
-10.0 dBm
AF Line OUT BkUp
-10.0 dBm
This is the address ID on the RS485 connection
routed towards an external controller for remote O&M
management
TX AF input level from Primary AF line, to get rated
modulation index (this window appears when Primary
line is present)39
RX AF output level onto Primary AF line (this window
appears when Primary line is present)
TX AF input level from Backup AF line, to get rated
modulation index (this window appears when Backup
line is present)40
RX AF output level onto Backup AF line (this window
appears when Backup line is present)
Activate Measure
Indication of the equipment assigned type; this may be
Main or Standby (2 equipments in redundancy
scheme) or Stand Alone (single equipment)
This window allows for activating the measurement
environment
Baseline
7.4.4.1
Indication of the Baseline (global software release) of the
equipment. In case of “Baseline Error” this window shows
the first letter of the card in error.
RACK TYPE
Stand Alone
40
Default window when no alarms are present. It gives
information on current frequency, channel and the
indication of OFF Line (L) or ON Line (R) state.
This window appears only when alarms are present.
Letters are referred to modules (or cards) that produce
an alarm.
This window appears only when no alarms are
present.
Indication of squelch state (enabled/disabled)
AF Line in Pri
-10.0 dBm
39
This is the default window when alarms are present.
Squelch
ENABLED
RS485 Addr.
Ph:002 DL:048
38
Description
Refer to section § - Error! Reference source not found. for details on squelch settings.
The TX AF LINE is used to carry line control signals
The TX AF LINE is used to carry line control signals
56
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Keyboard use allows handling DR100V configuration parameters. Instructions for handling are
given in following table where an example for setting operating mode is shown.
Table 3.11 - Parameters editing
Action
Display message
Default display
(browse ▲ or ▼ key to get it)
AM 25 KHz
F=132.000
R.
C=000
Login to DR100?
1
Press OK key
Æ
2
Press OK key
Æ
Password: ˍˍˍˍˍˍ
3
Select password, pressing keys
Æ
Password: ******
ˍˍˍˍˍˍ
4
Press ▲ or ▼ key
to get the desired function
(see editable parameter table)
Æ
Set Oper. Mode?
AM
25KHz
5
Press OK key
Æ
New Oper. Mode:
AM
25KHz
6
Press ▲ or ▼ key until that it is set the
desired operating mode (e.g. AM 8.33)
Æ
New Oper. Mode:
AM
8.33KHz
7
Press OK key
Æ
8
Waiting for setting
Æ
Setting….
Set Oper. Mode?
AM
8.33KHz
To exit, press C key.
9
To modify others parameters
repeat from action 4.
The following table lists all the alarm messages and gives the relevant description. For further
detail on alarm messages, refer to section § 5 - Maintenance.
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Table 3.12 - DR100V alarm list
Alarm
Description
RX IF Synth.
A failure occurred in RX IF synthesizer
RX RF Synth
A failure occurred in RX RF synthesizer
RX TCXO Synth.
A failure occurred in RX TCXO synthesizer
RX Gain AD
RX AD samples out of conversion range
RX Link Error
RX module physical link on RCB has failed
RX Configuration
RX module configuration has failed
RX Loader
Bad result of CRC computation
RX Comm. Error
A failure has been detected on RCB data line
RX Basel. Error
The RX baseline figures do not match with the equipment
baseline
BB TCXO Synth
A failure occurred in TCXO synthesizer
BB PTT Timeout
PTT timeout has expired (parameter set by operator)
BB DSP TX Error
Data in the DSP-TX are not valid
BB DSP RX Error
Data in the DSP-RX are not valid
BB RAM Error
Data in the RAM are not valid
BB FPGA Error
Data in the FPGA are not valid
BB Power Supply
Internal power failure into BB module
BB Link Error
BB module physical link on RCB has failed
BB GNSS Error
An external clock failure occurred.
BB Configuration
BB module configuration has failed
BB Loader
Bad result of CRC computation
BB Comm. Error
A failure has been detected on RCB data line
BB Basel. Error
The BB baseline figures do not match with the equipment
baseline
IMC Data Flash
Data in the Flash memory are not valid
IMC FPGA Error
Data in the FPGA are not valid
IMC RAM Error
Data in the RAM are not valid
IMC Config
IMC card configuration has failed
IMC RS485 Addr.
The DIAG 485 ID is not set
IMC Basel. Error
The IMC baseline figures do not match with the equipment
baseline
ALB DSP Error
Data in the DSP-are not valid
ALB RAM Error
Data in the RAM are not valid
ALB FPGA Error
Data in the FPGA are not valid
ALB DC/DC Error
A failure on DC/DC converter occurred
ALB Primary Line
41
42
43
41
A failure occurred on primary line
ALB BackUp Line
42
A failure occurred on secondary line
ALB EPROM Error
43
Data in the EPROM are not valid
ALB-S version only.
ALB-S version only.
ALB-S version only.
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Alarm
ALB Link Error
Description
44
ALB Config
ALB Loader
LB card configuration has failed
45
ALB Comm. Error
44
45
46
ALB-S module physical link on RCB has failed
Bad result of CRC computation
46
A failure has been detected on RCB data line
ALB Basel. Error
The ALB baseline figures do not match with the equipment
baseline
PS Over Temp
High temperature inside Power Supply module
PS Over Load
Power Supply output voltage < 20% of nominal value
PS AC Fail
No AC source is detected
PS DC Fail
No DC source is detected
ALB-S version only.
ALB-S version only.
ALB-S version only.
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The following table lists all control parameters, detailing the possible values, the default and the
step values. In addition, table specified whether the relevant parameter can be accessed in
following operating states and equipment access points:
CP-OFF Line indicates the operating by Control Panel in OFF Line conditions.
CP-ON Line indicates the operating by Control Panel in ON Line conditions.
TEST-OFF Line indicates the operating by the TEST port (e.g. by LMT) in OFF-Line condition.
TEST-ON Line indicates the operating by the TEST port (e.g. by LMT) in ON-Line condition.
AM-DSB 25 KHz
AM-DSB 8.33 KHz
AM Data
VDL 2 mode
VDL 2 LAAS mode
VDL 3 mode
VDL 4 mode
AM-DSB
25 KHz
From Frequency ID
Minimum to Frequency
ID Maximum
Invalid
Frequency
Frequency ID Maximum
From Frequency ID
Minimum to 156 Mhz
156 MHz
Frequency ID Minimum
From 108 MHz to
Frequency ID Maximum
108 MHz
Frequency to Channel
association51
Any frequency onto any
channel
UNASSIGNED
(all channels)
0 to 119; 225 (no
channel selected)
225 (no
channel
selected)0
1
Disabled, 90 to 99 %
99 %
1%
Operating mode47
Frequency
Channel Number
Step
See note
48
●
●
●
●
See note
●
See note
●
49
50
●
●
●
●
TEST-ON Line
Default
CP-ON Line
Values
TEST-OFF Line
Parameter
CP-OFF Line
Table 3.13 - DR100V editable parameters
Thresholds:
Alarm Th. for Modulation Depth
● ●
47
When operating in AM-DSB 8.33 KHz mode, it is necessary to select a frequency that is compatible with 25 KHz
spacing before selecting any other operating mode. Otherwise, message "setting failed" is displayed. See also relevant
table and example.
48
The step is according to the operating mode; if AM-DSB 8.33 mode is selected, step is 8.33 KHz. If any other
operating mode is selected, step is 25 KHz.
49
The step is according to the operating mode; if AM-DSB 8.33 mode is selected, step is 8.33 KHz. If any other
operating mode is selected, step is 25 KHz.
50
The step is according to the operating mode; if AM-DSB 8.33 mode is selected, step is 8.33 KHz. If any other
operating mode is selected, step is 25 KHz.
51
Within the O&M protocol, frequency value is translated into a number that may assume different values according to
the selected highest frequency. In case of 137 MHz, valid range of frequency ID is 0 to 3480, where each number
represents the value of the frequency expressed as 8.33 KHz spacing steps over a frequency range 108 to 137 MHz
(frequency = 108 + 8.33* frequency ID).
In case of 156 MHz, valid range of frequency ID is 0 to 5760, where each number represents the value of the frequency
expressed as 8.33 KHz spacing steps over a frequency range 108 to 156 MHz (frequency = 108 + 8.33* frequency ID).
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TEST-ON Line
TEST-OFF Line
CP-ON Line
Parameter
CP-OFF Line
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Values
Default
Step
Alert Th. for VSWR
52
Disabled, 15 to 25
25
1
● ●
Alarm Th. for VSWR
Disabled, 25 to 30
30
1
● ●
2 dB
0.5 dB
● ●
Alarm Th. for RF Output power
Disabled, 0.5 to 6 dB
53
Alert Th. for measured temperature
Disabled, 60 to 80°C
70°C
1°C
● ●
Alarm Th. for measured temperature
Disabled, 80 to 90°C
85°C
1°C
● ●
-107 to -44 dBm
-101 dBm
1 dB
● ● ● ●
5 to 25 dB
15 dB
1 dB
● ● ● ●
-107 to -67 dBm
-87 dBm
1 dB
● ● ● ●
2 to 8 dB
4 dB
1 dB
● ●
Enabled/Disabled
Enabled
Enable/Disable
Disabled
Receiver Mute
Muted/Operating
Operating
● ●
Noise Blanker (AM)
Enabled/Disabled
Disabled
● ●
Noise Blanker Mode
Blanking /
Reconstruction
Blanking
● ●
TCXO value54
0 to 255
105
DR100 State
ON LINE/OFF LINE
ON LINE
Loudsp. Vol.
0 to 15
8
1
● ●
Headph. Vol.
0 to 15
8
1
● ●
ON/OFF
OFF
INT or OCXO/EXT
INT
RSSI Squelch Thr.
Squelch Audio CN Lev.
Squelch Override
Threshold
Squelch hysteresis thr.
Squelch Enabled/Disabled
AF Agc Enable/Disable
Loudsp. OnOff
55
Clock Source
RS485 Address56
Diag 485
AF Line OUT
AF Line
(ALB-M only)
● ●
● ●
----
● ●
1
● ● ● ●
● ●
●
2
1
●
●
0 to 255
48
1
●
●
-30 to +10 dBm
-10 dBm
0.5 dB
●
●
Enable/Disable
Disable
----
●
Enable/Disable
Disable
----
●
UNASSIGNED to 99
58
57
●
(ALB-S only)
Line presence
59
Enable PTT/SQ In-band tone
60
52
This threshold may be adjusted on field to match the current radiating system VSWR, e.g. to warn about VSWR
increasing due to degradation.
53
Intended as attenuation wrt the current RF output power setting.
54
The TCXO value may be set only by SELEX Communications authorized staff and with a specific LMT SW version
55
When EXT clock source is selected, equipment operating mode can not be changed. Please ensure that INT clock
source is selected when changing operating mode (e.g. from AM-DSB to any VDL mode).
56
Physical ID address on the RS485 multi-drop connection for remote O&M management via DIAG port.
57
RS485 address 1 and 15 are reserved and can not be used.
58
Logical ID address on the RS485 multi-drop connection for remote O&M management via DIAG port.
59
This parameter is separately managed for primary and backup AF lines.
60
This parameter is separately managed for primary and backup AF lines.
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Values
Default
Step
Enable/Disable
Disable
----
●
Enable FSK
Enable/Disable
Disable
----
●
Enable Manual Line Changeover
Enable/Disable
Disable
----
●
0 to 500 msec.
0 msec.
20 msec.
●
Enable CM Tone
61
62
Line Delay
AF Line IN Pri
(ALB-S only)
-30 to +10 dBm
-10 dBm
0.5 dB
●
●
AF Line IN Bkp
(ALB-S only)
-30 to +10 dBm
-10 dBm
0.5 dB
●
●
TEST-ON Line
CP-ON Line
TEST-OFF Line
Parameter
CP-OFF Line
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AF Line OUT Pri
(ALB-S only)
-30 to +10 dBm
-10 dBm
0.5 dB
●
●
AF Line OUT Bkp
(ALB-S only)
-30 to +10 dBm
-10 dBm
0.5 dB
●
●
300 to 2800 Hz
2040 Hz
1 Hz
● ●
-10 dB to -34 dB
wrt nominal AF level
-10 dB
1 dB
● ●
-20 dB to -44 dB
wrt nominal AF level
-20 dB
1 dB
● ●
Line PTT/SQ
(ALB-S only)
63
Tone frequency
Tone amplitude
Tone threshold
64
65
Pri Loopback
(ALB-S only)
Enable/Disable
Disable
----
●
Bkp Loopback
(ALB-S only)
Enable/Disable
Disable
----
●
300 to 2800 Hz
800 Hz
1 Hz
● ●
0 dB to -24 dB
wrt nominal AF level
0 dB
1 dB
● ●
-10 dB to -34 dB
wrt nominal AF level
-10 dB
1 dB
● ●
20 to 200 msec.
60 msec.
1 msec.
● ●
0 dB to -24 dB
wrt nominal AF level
-10 dB
1 dB
● ●
-10 dB to -34 dB
wrt nominal AF level
-10 dB
1 dB
● ●
0 to 500 ms
0 ms
1 ms
● ●
CM Line
(ALB-S only)
66
CM Tone frequency
CM Tone amplitude
67
68
CM Tone threshold
CM Tone delay
Line FSK
(ALB-S only)
FSK Tone amplitude
69
70
FSK Tone threshold
FSK Tone delay
Radio Changeover
61
This parameter is separately managed for primary and backup AF lines.
This parameter is separately managed for primary and backup AF lines.
63
Although the In-band signaling tone frequency can be changed by using this setting, the ALB-S DSP must be
downloaded with the relevant digital filter for handling the tone. It is recommended to not edit default value.
64
This parameter is separately managed for primary and backup AF lines.
65
This parameter is separately managed for primary and backup AF lines.
66
Although the CM tone frequency can be changed by using this setting, the ALB-S DSP must be downloaded with the
relevant digital filter for handling the tone. It is recommended to not edit default value.
67
This parameter is separately managed for primary and backup AF lines.
68
This parameter is separately managed for primary and backup AF lines.
69
This parameter is separately managed for primary and backup AF lines.
70
This parameter is separately managed for primary and backup AF lines.
62
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TEST-ON Line
TEST-OFF Line
Values
Default
Stand Alone
Manual Main
Main
Standby
Guard TRX
Guard RX
Stand Alone
Enable/Disable
Enable
----
● ●
Enable/Disable
Enable
----
● ●
Select Primary Line RX
Connected
Disconnected
Connected
----
● ●
Select Backup Line RX
Connected
Disconnected
Connected
----
● ●
Factory Reset74
----
----
----
●
Warm Reset75
----
----
----
●
Restart76
----
----
----
●
Ignore – Resume all
----
----
● ●
Enable/Disable
Disable
----
●
Enable/Disable
Disable
----
●
----
----
----
●
----
----
----
●
TX/PA presence
----
----
----
●
RX presence
----
----
----
●
IMC presence
----
----
----
●
----
----
----
●
Rack Type
Manual Changeover - RX main
71
Manual Changeover – RX standby
72
Manual Line Changeover
Step
CP-ON Line
Parameter
CP-OFF Line
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●
73
(ALB-S only)
Resume errors
Download Enable/Disable
77
Loader
Baseline
78 79
Factory Data Flash
80 81
Shelf Configuration82
MSIC presence
83
71
Only available if MAIN shelf rack type is selected as Rack Type.
Only available if MAIN shelf rack type is selected as Rack Type.
73
All Manual Line Changeover parameters can be managed only if Enable Manual Changeover has been previously
enabled from AF Line selections.
74
Factory Reset command re-configures the equipment by using factory default values.
75
Warm Reset command re-configures the equipment by using IMC RAM values.
76
Restart IMC application software.
77
Option not available in current release.
78
This parameter can be edited only if Download Enable/Disable is set as Enable.
79
Baseline identification shall be configured in accordance to equipment global release.
80
This parameter can be edited only if Download Enable/Disable is set as Enable.
81
This function is factory-reserved; it allows for storing information about the factory hardware configuration.
82
Shelf configuration allows operator to perform by LMT the equipment re-configuration, upon upgrade actions (e.g.
substitution of ALB-M with ALB-S). TX/PA module presence/absence is not managed in DR100 equipment.
83
Option not available in DR100.
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TEST-ON Line
CP-ON Line
TEST-OFF Line
Parameter
CP-OFF Line
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Values
Default
Step
84
----
----
----
●
85
----
----
----
●
----
----
----
●
PS OverTemp
Enabled/Disabled
Enabled
----
● ●
PS OverLoad
Enabled/Disabled
Enabled
----
● ●
PS AC Fail
Enabled/Disabled
Enabled
----
● ●
PS DC Fail
Enabled/Disabled
Enabled
----
● ●
Antenna Switch /
Squelch Output
Antenna Switch
----
● ●
See § - 3.3.3.8
----
----
● ●
ALB-M presence
ALB-S presence
LB presence
86
PS Alarms Enable
87
Ant. Output
Configuration88
SSV
3.3.3.1
About INT or EXT clock selection
The selection of the EXT clock source allows to obtain higher frequency accuracy. It is
important to note that, when EXT clock source is selected, equipment operating mode can not
be changed. Please ensure that INT clock source is selected when changing operating mode
(e.g. from AM-DSB to any VDL mode).
3.3.3.2
About reset commands
Reset function is available from TEST interface (e.g. by LMT). Warm reset and factory reset
functions are available. Since factory reset performs equipment re-initialisation to factorydefault settings, all the current parameters will be lost and set to default values. It is therefore
necessary to set again operating data (e.g. frequency, etc) to put equipment in service.
84
ALB-M presence can be selected only if ALB-S is not present in the shelf.
ALB-S presence can be selected only if ALB-M is not present in the shelf.
Option not available in current release. This parameter is referred to the presence of a generic Line Barrier card,
different than ALB-M or ALB-S.
87
PS Alarms enabling/disabling should be carried out according to system architecture. In example, if no DC supply
system is provided to the equipment, the relevant PS DC Fail alarm shall be disabled.
88
This parameter is used to configure the ANT connector signals of IMC card. When set to "Squelch Output" the ANT
connector replicates the Squelch signal and may be used to drive other systems according to the squelch status (e.g.
SMIR systems).
85
86
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3.3.3.3
About Baseline and Factory Data Flash
Baseline is an identification 4-fields number indicating the equipment global release. Although
this parameter is factory-configured on the proper value, it may be necessary to edit it during the
equipment lifetime, e.g. upon software upgrade of any of the internal module or cards.
Baseline format as following example for Baseline 7.4.4.1.
Table 3.14 - Baseline format
Index
Ref.
Definition
Note
Index 1
7
Main baseline index
This number identifies the overall equipment
hardware, firmware and software configuration
Index 2
4
Major baseline index
This number identifies the functions of the
equipment. Changes to this number imply major
changes to the functions of the equipment.
Index 3
4
Minor baseline index
This number identifies the functions of the
equipment. Changes to this number imply minor
changes to the functions of the equipment.
Index 4
1
Fix baseline index
This number identifies the fixes implemented in
the equipment.
Factory Data Flash is intended as a reserved info field, to host info about equipment hardware
configuration. Although this parameter is factory-filled with proper data, it may be necessary to
edit it during the equipment lifetime, e.g. upon upgrade or replacement of any of the internal
module or cards. Please refer to LMT documentation for further details about these tasks.
3.3.3.4
About Manual Main Rack Type
In "Manual Main" mode of operation, a radio equipment may be forced in main or stand-by
status from a remote device (e.g. VCSS, etc). This is possible by sending a command toward
the main radio equipment, that is the one that manages the changeover, to force the main or the
stand-by status.
The IMC CTRL connector receives the command signals at the Pin 1 and Pin 5.
3.3.3.5
About shelf configuration
Shelf configuration is possible through specific set of commands from TEST interface (e.g. by
LMT). On the DTR100V transceiver, by shelf configuration, it is possible to convert the
equipment into a "virtual" DT100V transmitter or DR100V receiver, by excluding the relevant
module from the RCB management, and restarting the equipment.
This function may be useful in the case of special operating or testing needs. This action is not
possible in the DR100V, since different subrack arrangement does not allow to fit the transmitter
section. In addition, shelf configuration allows to support the upgrade from ALB-M to ALB-S, or
to future LB units providing additional services.
Please refer to LMT documentation for further details about this task.
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3.3.3.6
About Noise Blanker Setting 89
The noise blanker purpose is to reduce the effect of the additive impulsive noise that can be
found in the received data/voice signal.
Two Noise Blanker modes are allowed:
•
Blanking: it operates by blanking the impulsive noise to the average of the received signal.
•
Reconstruction: the impulsive noise is detected and replaced with signal reconstructed
according to the last portion of the received signal.
3.3.3.7
About Squelch settings
C/N squelch. This is the default setting of the equipment, which operates a quality evaluation
based on the C/N ratio of the received RF signal, where C (carrier) is intended as the level of
the signal, and N (noise) is intended as the channel noise level out of the audio bandwidth.
Operator shall select a C/N squelch threshold in the range 5 to 20 dB.
The squelch opening will take place once the equipment is receiving a signal having a C/N
quality ratio higher than the selected threshold, plus the selected squelch hysteresis value.
Example:
The C/N squelch is set to 10 dB.
The SQL Hysteresis is set to 2 dB.
Result:
The equipment receives if the incoming RF signal has a C/N of 12 dB or more. The equipment keeps on receiving until
RF signal has a C/N higher than 10 dB.
The C/N squelch function is recommended when the equipment is operating in
electromagnetically noisy locations, e.g. when a receiving site is desensitized by other
telecommunications or broadcasting facilities in the surrounding, or from closely located
industrial facilities.
RSSI squelch. This is the traditional receive squelch function, actuated by evaluating the RF
signal level, by means of RSSI meter (Received Signal Strenght Indication). Operator shall
select a squelch threshold in the range -107 dBm to -44 dBm. The squelch opening will take
place once the equipment is receiving a signal higher than the selected threshold, plus the
selected squelch hysteresis value.
Example:
The RSSI squelch is set to -103.0 dBm.
The SQL Hysteresis is set to 2 dB.
Result:
The equipment receives when the incoming RF signal is -101.0 dBm or more. The equipment keeps on receiving until
RF signal is higher than -103.0 dBm.
89
Not available
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C/N + Override squelch. This is a combination of the above squelch operating modes. By
selecting this function, the equipment operates with C/N squelch up to the Override threshold,
selectable by operator threshold in the range -107 dBm to -67 dBm.
Over a level that is given by override threshold value, plus the selected squelch hysteresis
value, the equipment operates with RSSI squelch, so that a signal having an higher RF level is
received and demodulated irrespectively of its effective C/N ratio.
Example:
The C/N squelch is set to 10 dB.
The SQL Hysteresis is set to 2 dB.
The Override is set to -87 dBm.
Result:
The equipment receives if the incoming RF signal has a C/N of 12 dB or more. The equipment keeps on receiving until
RF signal has a C/N higher than 10 dB.
The equipment receives when the incoming RF signal is -85.0 dBm or more, irrespectively of the current C/N ratio.
3.3.3.8
About SSV settings
The SSV (Signal Strength Voltage) output, which is available on the SERVICE connector of the
DTR100 radio equipment, gives a measure of the radio equipment RF input signal.
Since the SSV output must be compatible with different systems, it may be configured in order
to be usable by the connected system.
It is supposed that the transfer function between the RF input signal (expressed in dBm) and the
SSV output (expressed in V) may be represented, with sufficient accuracy, by a straight line or
two half-lines; this means that the transfer function may be defined by setting the corresponding
value of the SSV output for two or three values of the RF input signal, as shown in the figure
below.
Figure 3.6 - SSV - RF input transfer function
The SSV setting may be obtained by using the LMT (baseline at least 1.2.4.1).
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The SSV setting consists in the setting of the coordinates of the points P1, P2, P3 (shown in
Figure 3.6) and the value of the load resistance (R load90) connected to the SSV output.
The order of the points P1 and P3 is not important, P1 may be lower than P3 or vice versa; P2
must always be the intermediate point and it may be “Not defined” (if the transfer function
between the RF input and the SSV output is represented by a straight line).
The admitted ranges for the SSV output configuration parameters are given in the following
table.
Table 3.15 - Ranges for SSV configuration parameters
Parameter
Min
Max
RF input (P1, P2, P3)
-120 dBm
+10 dBm
SSV output (P1, P2, P3)
100 mV
6000 mV
R Load
5.6 kOhm
1000 kOhm
Moreover the max admitted voltage difference (available dynamics) between P1 and P3 is 4500
mV. This value, if the load resistance is present, must be reduced according to the following:
Available dynamics = 4500 * R load / (R load + 0.56),
where R load is the value of the load resistance expressed in kOhm.
3.3.4
Measurement Environment
The ▲ and ▼ keys allow to access to the measurements environment. The following table
details the measurements that can be shown on the display.
Parameter
RSSI
Unit
dBm
Description
Current receive signal strength indication
To exit from measurements environment press C key, and the default window appears again on
the display.
90
It is important to insert the value of the load resistance connected to the SSV output. If this value is not inserted, it is
considered infinite and, since the SSV output resistance is different than 0 (it is 560 Ohm), the SSV output may be
afflicted by an error.
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3.3.5
Control, indicators and connectors - DRR100V variant
In the DRR100V all the controls, indicators and connectors are duplicated, as detailed in next
figure. Concerning operating aspects, refer to the above chapters.
Figure 3.7 - DRR100V RX sections arrangement
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3.4
FREQUENCY INPUT AND DISPLAY FORMATS
DR100V can operate both 8.33 and 25 KHz frequency spacing. According to Eurocontrol
specification, the following table describes the association between the frequency to be inserted
(and displayed), and the effective operating frequency that is set on the equipment.
Table 3.16 - Frequency input and displaying
Spacing (KHz)
25
8.33
8.33
25
8.33
8.33
25
8.33
8.33
25
8.33
8.33
25
70
Frequency (MHz)
132.0000
132.0083
132.0167
132.0250
132.0333
132.0417
132.0500
132.0583
132.0667
132.0750
132.0833
132.0917
132.1000
Display (25 KHz)
132.000
132.025
132.050
132.075
132.100
Display (8.33 KHz)
132.005
132.010
132.015
132.030
132.035
132.040
132.055
132.060
132.065
132.080
132.085
132.090
132.105
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3.5
START-UP PROCEDURE
If the equipment is powered only by AC, please refer to the following steps.
• Set ON the external AC breaker or AC power source.
• Set ON the AC switch on PS module (equipment rear side).
• Wait until the equipment booting is completed, and the display shows the default window,
with operating mode, frequency, etc. If no alarm is present, operate the equipment.
If the equipment is powered by both AC and backup DC, please refer to the following steps.
• Set ON the external AC breaker or AC power source.
• Set ON the external DC breaker or DC power source.
• Set ON the AC switch on PS module (equipment rear side).
• Set ON the DC switch on PS module (equipment rear side).
• Wait until the equipment booting is completed, and the display shows the default window,
with operating mode, frequency, etc. If no alarm is present, operate the equipment.
Please note that the equipment is not serviceable until the start-up phase is completed.
To power-down the equipment (if powered by both AC and backup DC), operator must before
set OFF the DC and AC switches, and then set OFF the DC and AC breakers or power sources.
It is important to note that any maintenance action on the equipment must be done only after
switching OFF the external AC and DC breakers.
WARNING
3.5.1
The PS module does not fully disconnect the equipment from both AC
and DC sources, even when front side switches are in OFF position.
Internal modules and/or parts should be removed from the equipment
only once that the external AC and DC breakers have been switched OFF,
and/or external supply sources have been disconnected.
Start-up procedure - DRR100 variant
Since the DRR100 is composed by two identical and independent receiver sections, the above
start-up procedure shall be repeated for the second section.
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3.6
ANCILLARY DEVICES
Here below listed ancillary devices of the equipment (available under request).
3.6.1
E-GSC card
The E-GSC card Embedded Ground Station Controller) is on optional device that can be fitted
within a rear slot of the equipment. The card is fully independent and has not any internal
connection with the radio equipment, with the exception of the power supply.
E-GSC allows for realizing many different types of system configuration, operating as interfacing
devices with other OTE and third part devices/systems. Refer to the relevant technical
documentation for further details.
The E-GSC card is provided with interface connectors as described in the following table.
Table 3.17 - E-GSC interface connectors
Connector
232
RS232 serial port
I/O
RS485 serial port
485
RS485 serial port
AUX
RS232 serial port
-
72
Description
Layout (front view)
Reserved for test purposes
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3.6.2
Headset kit
The Headset kit is equipped with91:
•
PTT switch;
•
Headset speakers volume regulation;
•
High sensitivity adjustable microphone.
The following table and figure show technical characteristics of the headset, and the the pin
functions of the headset connector.
Table 3.18 - Headset technical data
Microphone
Type
Frequency response
Sensitivity
Electret
100Hz to 8kHz
-38dB ± 4dB @1kHz (0dB=1V/Pa)
Earphone
Type
Impedance
Sensitivity
28mm dynamic Neo Dynium magnet
32 Ohm
97dB SPL ref. 20µPa/1mW
Table 3.19 - Headset connector pin function
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
91
92
Signal
MIC AF - VDC
GND
PTT
GND
N.C.
N.C.
N.C.
N.C.
GND
Earphone
Earphone ON
N.C.
Function
Layout (front view)
92
Microphone input
Ground
PTT command (active with low level)
Ground
Ground
Earphone output (stereo earphone 32 Ohm)
Speaker mute, at headset connection
In DR 100 configuration the headset is used only as earphone.
Electrete microphone with 2 KOhm nominal impedance, also brings +2.5 VDC.
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4. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
This section of the handbook provides functional descriptions of the equipment, supported by
block diagrams located in Annex A, showing the relationship between the hardware elements.
Additionally, a description of the structure and operation of the application software is given in
relevant chapters.
4.1
DRR100V VARIANT
Since the DRR100V is composed by two identical and independent receiver sections, all the
aspects referred to the technical description of the DR100V equipment shall be duplicated for
both the sections composing DRR100V. Therefore, each chapter which is not targeted to a
specific equipment must be intended as general application. When, within a set of information
and/or data, DRR100 has several differences vs. DR100V, a specific chapter is available
immediately after the relevant general one, under the labeling " Xxxyyyzzz - DRR100V
variant".
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4.2
ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW
The DR100V comprises independent modules, each of them accomplishing a different and
specific function. The equipment can be provided in different configurations according to the
type of fitted modules. The following block diagram highlights the modularity of DR100V.
Figure 4.1 - DR100V block diagram
A more detailed functional block diagram is given in Annex A.
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Modular architecture allows for:
• Easy reconfiguration for transaction to any VDL modes application
• Availability of a wide range of interface options toward external transport networks
• Low MTTR, and easy on-field maintenance, carried out by modules direct replacing
A set of main modules composes the receiver "radio section":
•
Receiver module (RX)
•
Base Band module (BB)
•
Power Supply Unit (PS)
The operation and maintenance and local management functions are carried out by means of
specific "management" modules:
• IMC card
• Control Panel
Finally, the interface to external voice switching device (for analogue operating modes), are
carried out by means of specific "line interfacing" cards:
• Line Barrier card (e.g. ALB-S, ALB-M)
According to the "management" and/or the quantity and type of Line Barrier cards hosted, the
equipment may be suitable to operate in different contexts, and/or allowing to support different
external interfaces, system layout, etc.
All modules and cards that compose the equipment are internally inter-connected via two
separate motherboards, which are connected through an Interconnection Board.
A RF-motherboard (radio section-dedicated), located on the rear side of the transceiver allows
for signal exchanging among RX and BB, as well as distribution of the internal DC voltages.
The RF-motherboard is then connected via an internal cable with a 2-slot cards-motherboard,
that hosts PS module, the IMC "management" card, and a Line Barrier card for external
interfaces.
The equipment features a "distributed-processing" architecture. Each of the main modules (BB,
RX, etc) features its own local microcontroller that handles all the module operating functions,
and locally supports O&M tasks. The overall management of O&M functions of the whole
equipment is then performed by the relevant "management" card (e.g. IMC), that dialogues with
radio modules via a dedicated serial communication data line defined as Radio Control Bus, or
RCB.
This is a digital equipment based on "software radio" approach, this meaning that, even when
operating in the traditional AM-DSB mode, the signal processing is fully handled in the digital
mode.
In AM-DSB mode example, the received signal is down-converted up the 2nd IF, then converted
within the receiver into a digitized I/Q "quadrature" samples data stream and digitally
demodulated; data stream is processed by the Baseband module that operates as audio
processor. Baseband internal firmware handles typical AM-DSB receiver features, such as
squelch, muting, audio AGC, noise blanking, 8.33 KHz channel band-pass filter, etc. Baseband
output is the demodulated received audio in PCM format; it is sent to the relevant Line Barrier
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card (in this case, an Analogue Line Barrier, or ALB), where D/A conversion is actuated. Output
AF signal is available at the ALB interface connector.
The signal processing is straighter in any of the VDL modes, where either input or output is
data-only, and conversion to/from PCM format is not necessary. In addition VDL modes are
based on D8PSK and GFSK modulation. A slight exception is given by AM-DATA mode, in
which AM-MSK modulation scheme is used, but no voice processing into baseband is required.
The equipment is able to operate in any of the rated operating modes with no hardware reconfiguration, it is only necessary to re-program it by downloading the relevant SW application
and firmware by the HMI functions at set-up phase.
4.2.1
Introduction to modules and cards
The "radio-section" is composed by RX and BB, modules. In addition the PS module (located
on the rear side of the equipment) provides all the voltages for the internal equipment operating.
The RX module mainly performs the related RF functions, while the BB module handles carrier
digital processing. The RX module feature their own digital section providing full module
control, local O&M tasks and communication with the "management" section, through Radio
Control Bus (RCB), which is used for control and diagnostic data exchange.
• The RX module is based on a super-heterodyne layout that provides the full downconversion of received AM-DSB/D8PSK/GFSK modulated RF signals, and amplification to
required level for the analogue to digital conversion. The RX module sends the digitized I/Q
format data stream to the Baseband module via an RS422 serial interface. Channel
synthesis for both 8.33 KHz and 25 KHz spacing is realized internally to the module.
• The Baseband module is a full digital module that is mainly charged of carrier processing
and the associated control tasks. The type and amount of BB signal processing tasks is
dependent on the operating mode (AM-DSB or VDL mode 2,3,4). In AM-DSB, it operates as
digital signal processor on receive path, translating speech from I/Q "quadrature" samples
data stream to PCM audio format, and performing audio-processing tasks. In VDL modes, it
is responsible for the implementation of all physical layer functions and the MAC layer’s
tasks (with the exception of VDL 3 and VDL 4 operating modes). Moreover the BB module
generates all the required frequency reference clocks for each module, which compose the
DR100V. Baseband allows for clock synchronization to an external GPS/GNSS reference.
In all operating modes, I/Q samples exchanges with RX module takes place onto an RS422
serial interface.
• The PS module provides all the required internal supply voltages for modules operation. It
also provides EMI filtering and over-voltage/under-voltage line protections. It is fed by
external AC or DC power sources.
The "management" cards are those sub-units dedicated to the implementation and supporting of
the equipment O&M functions. Their task is interfacing and supporting communication with
external systems, monitoring and control operations of transceiver functions, and handling of the
DR100V configuration. Connection to "radio-section" modules is realized by means of Radio
Control Bus (RCB), which is used for control and diagnostic data exchange.
• The IMC card, located on cards-motherboard, is the management card, that allows for
DTR100 O&M tasks and Control Panel management, interfacing with Analogue Line Barrier
cards, supporting of VDL modes data interface to an external station controller through an
RS232 port. The IMC also manages a local serial O&M data line, which is then available on
service port on the Baseband module front panel. If the equipment is provided with ALB-S
card (see below), IMC is also able to support integrated main/standby system features, thus
allowing realizing flexible solutions for ATC radio systems with no need of external switching
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devices. With this solution, the equipment can be installed in a coupled configuration, where
only one of the coupled transceivers is normally active.
• The MSIC card 93, alternative to IMC, is still located on cards-motherboard. It is an
enhanced management card. MSIC takes advantage of a powerful CPU, and of VxWorks
real-time operating system, allowing developing on request specific Application Program
Interfaces (API).
• The Control Panel, which is managed by IMC, absolves any local HMI functions. It features
a 2-rows LCD display, and four operating keys, suitable for get status data like current
operating mode, frequency value and error conditions; or performing some routine
regulations (loudspeaker volume, squelch level adjustment, etc).
In addition, full audio facility is provided on Control Panel. Loudspeaker, and a microphone and
headset port allow for "local" use of equipment in AM-DSB mode, when no remote connection is
foreseen, or testing actions are required.
The "line-barriers" cards are those sub-units, hosted in the cards-motherboard, dedicated to the
interfacing of the equipment towards external lines, devices, or controllers.
• Analogue Line Barrier (ALB), are used in AM-DSB and AM-DATA mode, when the
equipment must process analogue speech communication, and analogue interfacing with
external Voice Communication Switching Systems, or external ACARS modem.
9
The ALB-M (ALB-Minimal) is a basic Line Barrier card. It provides speech conversion
from analogue to PCM format for RX AF line through a suitable CODEC device. ALB-M
is able to handle a standard and configurable 4W E&M audio and signaling line toward
the external (e.g. handling squelch signaling from the "remote" VCSS, etc). The card
also supports the AF output from the Control Panel facility (e.g. earphone and
loudspeaker). The local/remote switching is operated by ALB-M on IMC command,
after the "local" mode selection operated through HMI relevant command.
9
The ALB-S (ALB-System) is an extended and more flexible Line Barrier card. It is more
complex than ALB-M, and features a microprocessor operating on the RCB bus, to
control and manage local board activity and interfacing with the O&M functions within
IMC. ALB-S can manage two separate audio and signaling lines toward the external,
supporting redundancy. It allows for supporting integrated main/standby solutions,
based on two equipment. Thanks to embedded DSP device, ALB-S is able to handle
in-band tone signaling for E and M lines, as well as an in-band FSK low-speed O&M
data channel, to support a remote management system. The ALB-S is not designed for
use in AM-DATA mode.
The "radio-section" is arranged onto a RF-motherboard allowing for the distribution and
exchange of signals, busses and operating supplies, while the PS module, the "management"
and "line-barriers" cards are arranged onto the cards-motherboard (with the exception of Control
Panel that is fitted on the front side).
The connection between motherboards is given by an Interconnection board suitable to route
towards "radio-section" the relevant signals and busses (e.g. RCB). Both the motherboards and
the Interconnection board are embedded in the chassis assy and are fully passive.
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4.2.2
Mechanical description
The DR100V is arranged inside a 3HE/84TE cabinet for 19” rack-standard fitting, according to
Eurocard IEC 297/Section 3 standards. External dimensions are 483 mm (width) x 132 mm
(height) x 298 mm (depth), and weight is 7 Kg. The equipment is designed on full-modularity
philosophy, allowing easy replacement of defective modules in case of failure, with negligible
MTTR figure.
Chassis is arranged in a metallic frame equipped with handles and rack-fitting hardware. The
RX and BB modules are connected to a RF-motherboard that is fitted onto the back of the
transceiver chassis, these modules can be extracted from the front side since are mounted on
Eurocard guides. Line barriers card, IMC card and PS module are instead arranged onto a
cards-motherboard and their extraction is possible by the rear side. Motherboards are
connected by a passive Interconnection board.
A top view of the internal units within the shelf is given in the figure below.
Figure 4.2 - DR100V shelf top view
On the equipment rear side, the RF-motherboard hosts the connectors for RF input ports,
external reference clock ports, while the PS module hosts AC and DC power connectors.
Line Barrier and IMC cards host the analogue and/or digital connections towards transport
network (speech, data), and service connectors for O&M port.
Connectors for test interface, and audio ancillaries are located on the front side.
4.2.3
Mechanical description - DRR100V variant
The two receiver sections are arranged within a 3HE/84TE cabinet for 19” rack-standard fitting.
The second receiver section is located on the right side of the chassis.
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4.3
SIGNAL EXCHANGE
The signal exchange internal to the equipment among various modules and cards is detailed in
following chapters.
4.3.1
Internal signal exchange
All signals exchange and distribution between the modules takes place by means of balanced
interfacing lines, with the exception of Command and Alarm signals that are generally ON/OFF
status signals.
The following signal typologies can be identified (see the functional block diagram in Annex A):
• I/Q data stream bus. This bus line groups the I/Q data signals. These signals are exchanged
in RS422 synchronous serial lines.
• Clock and Timing bus. The modules that compose the DR100V need some different
frequency reference signal clocks. This bus line regroups all these required signals.
9
8.736 MHz. This is the data master clock and it provides time frame synchronization
required for serial I & Q voice and data samples. This master clock is generated in the
Baseband module and it is sent to the RX module by means an RS232 serial line.
9
10 MHz. This frequency reference clock comes from Baseband module where is locally
generated or slaved to an external source. It is then sent to the RX module where it is
used as reference clock required for synthesizer sub-module and for microcontroller
unit.
9
1pps. This reference clock, only used in digital VDL 3 and VDL 4 operating modes94, is
routed to the Baseband module, being originated by an external GPS/GNSS interface.
9
UTC (Universal Time Coordinated). This time reference, only used in VDL 3 and VDL 4
modes, is provided by means an RS232 serial interface. The UTC information enters in
the Baseband module by means of an external GPS/GNSS interface.
• Radio Control Bus (RCB). This is the communication link used for the software application
processes allocated in the BB, RX and ALB-S modules. It is used to route towards the IMC
all the collected information strictly relating to O&M tasks (failures, status, etc), as well as
O&M signaling (configuration messages, SW downloading, etc). This line connection is
realized by means an RS485 @19.2 Kbit/s asynchronous serial data line. Additionally this
bus line collects a wake-up signal. This is a command, incoming from the IMC card and
routed to the Baseband module, to force RX and ALB-S modules exit from sleep mode
(“software stand-by mode”).
• Command and Alarm signal bus. This bus collects a wide range of internal commands (e.g.
led activation), and status/alarms signals (e.g. module presence, temperature alarms,
internal voltage sensing, etc). These signals are mainly routed to the Baseband module for
handling, with the exception of the supply summary alarms (PS data line). These, incoming
from the PS module, are routed to the IMC card through the cards-motherboard. They
indicate whether the equipment is correctly supplied.
• Cards bus. These are all signals exchanged between RF-motherboard and cardsmotherboard, orginated from IMC or routed to IMC card for management. Data signals, line
signaling and other signal/commands are also exchanged between IMC and ALB card, for
interfacing with Control Panel and external analogue audio interfaces.
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4.3.2
Internal DC supplies distribution
The DR100V is powered by external +24 VDC and 115/230 VAC. These inputs are directly
connected on the rear-side of the PS module.
The PS module provides all the internal voltages required for equipment operating (+28 VDC,
+13.5 VDC, +5 VDC, +3.3 VDC). PS module also provides the common ground reference for
all modules. See functional block diagram in the figure below.
Figure 4.3 - Internal DC supplies distribution
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4.4
RX MODULE
The RX module provides the full down-conversion and amplification of received RF signals and
A/D conversion of the AM-DSB/D8PSK/GFSK analogue signal into a digitized I and Q format
data stream. This data stream is then sent to the Baseband module for processing via RS422
serial interface.
The RX module is based on a dual-conversion heterodyne layout, and provides the following
main functions:
• RF signal Front-end filtering (band filtering/channel pre-selection).
• Received signal AM-DSB/D8PSK/GFSK selection and filtering.
• Conversion of received signal to digitized Baseband I and Q format.
• Channel synthesis for 25 KHz (AM-DSB and VDL digital modes) and 8.33 KHz (AM-DSB
only)
• Frequency programming in the range 108 to 156 MHz.
• AGC and muting functions.
• 10 MHz Reference clock filtering/recovering (clock from RF-motherboard is filtered by a local
PLL, to avoid interference). This clock is used for microcontroller operations and
synthesizers reference.
• Alarms and measurements collection by microcontroller.
• O&M connection with external master unit (e.g. IMC), via RS485 interface (RCB).
The RX module is physically divided into separate boards:
• RX Board, that is functionally divided into a RF section and a digital section.
• Front-end Board, that hosts separately the RF front-end circuits.
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4.4.1
Functional description
A schematic block diagram of RX module is given in following figure, for a more detailed
scheme refer to functional block diagram in Annex A.
Figure 4.4 - RX module block diagram
4.4.1.1
Front-end board
RF input stage, Front-end and Mixer blocks are arranged on the separate Front-end board.
The Front-End block is realised with a tuneable two cells filter, and a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA);
its main function is to fulfil specifications related to the sensitivity and to the image rejection.
The Front-End has two selectable attenuators 3dB (low sensitivity) and 28dB (high sensitivity).
The microcontroller can insert the 3dB attenuator, so that it is possible to improve the
intermodulation characteristic lowering 3dB sensitivity. The insertion of the 28 dB attenuator is
commanded with a signal from the Base Band board when the input signal is higher than –15
dBm (the attenuator can be also microcontroller commanded).
The LNA output is sent directly to the passive mixer, where the first down-conversion takes
place. This first mixer also receives the 1st Local Oscillator frequency (see table below),
provided by the synthesizer section.
4.4.1.2
RX board
The RX board hosts part of RF section and the digital section.
The RF section provides complete reception of RF path from the front-end input stage and
transmission to IF stages. It also provides signal analogue to digital conversion.
The Digital section provides full RX module control, diagnostic and communication with an
external unit. It also provides demodulation of sampled signal incoming from RF section and
generation of I/Q data stream output and internal timings. The whole RF section is designed to
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receive signals within the 108 to 156 MHz frequency range. This is achieved by means of a
super-heterodyne double-conversion layout.
The following table indicates intermediate and local oscillator frequencies.
1st IF
21.4 MHz
nd
455 KHz
st
129.4 to 177.4 MHz
nd
21.855 MHz
2 IF
1 LO
2 LO
The RF section comprises the following functional blocks (see the functional block diagram in
Annex A):
•
1st Intermediate Frequency stage. The resulting 21.4 MHz IF output signal, incoming from
the Front-end mixer is filtered and amplified by an amplifier stage and then sent to the 1st IF
stage. This stage is composed by an IF amplifier, and related high selectivity quartz filter.
This filter is capable of 90 dB attenuation in 25 KHz bandwidth, providing high selectivity
figure wrt tuned channel.
•
2nd Intermediate Frequency stage. The signal is sent to the 2nd mixer, where the 2nd
down-conversion takes place. This high level mixer also receives the 2nd Local Oscillator
frequency (21.885 MHz) that is provided by the synthesizer section. The resulting 455 KHz
IF output signal is filtered and then amplified by an amplifier stage.
•
Channel selection stage. The DTR100V performs analogue AM-DSB modulation with 25
KHz or 8.33 KHz channel spacing, so that when the receiver works with AM-DSB 8.33 KHz
signal, an 8.33 KHz pass-band filter is selected. The SEL_8.33 command, incoming from
digital section, manages two switches that allow the 8.33/25 KHz channel selection. 25 KHz
channel is also used in D8PSK and GFSK demodulation for VDL modes.
•
I and Q data valid generation, IF AGC. The converted signal is sent to an amplification
stage. This stage is realized with an AGC (Automatic Gain Control) module that handles two
variable gain amplifiers. The amplified signal is then sent to the 455 kHz 2nd IF filter. To
obtain in-phase and quadrature signal components, the 455 kHz 2nd IF output signal is sent
to a differential A/D driver. Before entering the A/D converter, there is a ceramic passband
25 kHz filter, used for out of band noise rejection in order to improve converter operations.
The AGC module action depends on RF input signal power level. The AGC circuit starts
operating whether the RF input signal has a power level ≥-85 dBm. Without AGC, when this
threshold is passed, IF output signal is not able to provide a reliable information about RF
input signal amplitude, because the stage is not linear with the RF input signal. A linear
characteristic is instead maintained on AGC output voltage (V_AGC). This AGC output
voltage is then sent to an Analogue to Digital converter and routed to digital section for
monitoring. Resulting output is acknowledged by Baseband module to evaluate RSSI
(Received Signal Strength Indicator). It is important to note that, a further AGC stage is
realized at audio frequency level onto Baseband module by DSP processing.
•
Local Oscillator synthesis section. The synthesizer is realized on the same RX board, but it
is enclosed within a separate EMI-screened box. It features a dual PLL synthesizer and
VCO providing the generation of 1st Local Oscillator, determined by the operating channel
setting, and 2nd Local Oscillator (fixed generation of 21.855 MHz frequency). The 1st Local
Oscillator is serially managed by the microprocessor, located in the digital section, through a
synchronous serial data line. The 1st Local Oscillator output is then sent to the 1st IF stage
conversion mixer. The 21.855 MHz 2nd Local Oscillator output is instead sent to the 2nd IF
stage conversion mixer. A third PLL-based synthesizer block provides Local Oscillator fixed
12.8 MHz generation, which is also used as main reference frequency for dual PLL
synthesizer. It features a voltage-controlled TCXO managed by a PLL, clocked by 10 MHz
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synchronizing signal incoming from the Baseband module. Both synthesizers provide lock
detector outputs then sent to the digital section, as LOCK/UNLOCK synthesizer failure
alarms. 1st and 2nd Local Oscillators are then amplified by driver circuits up to +17 dBm
(this level being required for correct mixer operating).
•
DC regulators. RF section operations need different analogue voltages. Suitable circuits
derived all these required voltages from the main voltages provided by PS module (+28
VDC, +13.5 VDC, +5 VDC, +3.3 VDC).
The Digital section performs system control, diagnostic and management of the RX module. It
provides all the internal timings generation necessary for handling A/D conversion, as well as
signal processing/sampling. It also receives and handles the output sampled signal incoming
from RF section and the output AGC voltage, both for testing purpose and transmission to
Baseband module through serial data lines.
Digital section is based on a microprocessor and includes the following component part (see the
functional block diagram in Annex A):
•
Microcontroller. It performs full management of RX module functions, together with its
additional circuits providing reference oscillator (10 MHz, slaved to clock from Baseband
module), power-on, reset and watchdog functions for microcontroller reset. It features a
Serial Communication Interface (SCI), which provides management of data lines. RS485
serial data line is used for RCB (Radio Control Bus) for supporting the entire module O&M
functionality, while a second line supports RS232 interface for test purposes. Further data
lines are suitable to be used for quad DAC and EEPROM management. Microcontroller also
handles LOCK/UNLOCK signals, incoming from the synthesizer section, and provides
signals for synthesizer programming (serial clock, serial data and strobe). It also manages
signals controlling RF section functions (e.g. channel spacing selection, muting, etc.), as well
as drivers that control LED indicators hosted on the module front panel.
•
FLASH, EEPROM and SRAM memory. Three types of memories are used into this board.
Flash memory bank is used to host the software application program and it is interfaced to
microcontroller by 16-bit data and address buses. EEPROM memory bank, provided with a
serial peripheral interface, is used for permanent storage of calibration data. SRAM memory
bank is used to store temporary variables and data. It is interfaced to microcontroller by 16bit data and address buses.
•
CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device). It is a multi-purpose unit operating in
conjunction with microprocessor. It has a firmware that makes it able to manage the A/D
data. CPLD unit hosts a "timing generation block" that is realized by programmable logic
device. Timings for data acquisition and for data output are generated starting from the
external master clock (8.736 MHz) incoming from Baseband module. The output signals
from A/D converters (V_AGC, I/Q_DAV) are decimated and then serialized in order to obtain
the I/Q demodulated signals. Bit and frame clocks from timing generation unit are used for
transmission on serial lines. For V_AGC data incoming from AGC A/D converter and used
for monitoring the AGC voltage, no decimation process is needed. The CPLD is also able to
manage other elementary signals (e.g. the external memory write enable by FWE command
or the board reset by RSET_BB command). Other important CPLD function is the
management of the WAKE_UP signal, incoming from RCB bus. It is sent to the
microcontroller to force the RX module exit from sleep mode (“software stand-by mode”).
•
RS422 interfaces, for signal interfacing with the Baseband module through RF-motherboard
(e.g. I and Q data stream).
•
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RS232 driver for Test Interface Port then routed to RF-motherboard.
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4.5
BASEBAND MODULE
The Baseband module is the main processing module. It performs the signal processing and
associated controls for receive and transmission processes in any of operating modes.
Moreover the Baseband module provides all reference signal clocks (locally generated, or
slaved to external devices such as GPS/GNSS interface) for the RX module operating. The
Baseband signal processing operations depend on the equipment operating mode (analogue
AM-DSB or digital modes VDL 2, VDL 3 and VDL 4).
In addition the Baseband module features a service port on the front side allowing local O&M
facility, via RS232 serial data line. This port also allows for reference oscillator alignment.
In the analogues AM-DSB 25 KHz, AM-DSB 8.33 KHz and AM-DATA operating modes, on the
receive path the Baseband module performs following tasks:
•
Noise blanking functionality . A noise-blanking algorithm is implemented for shortening the
IF filter impulse response, and to discriminate the pulse and voice components, within
received signals. This algorithm gives a "pulse-noise masking" protection that is, by
software action, selectable or de-selectable. Two Noise Blanker algorithms are foreseen: the
“Blanking” one operating through the blanking of the impulsive noise to the average of the
received signal; the “Reconstruction” mode that operates by detecting and replacing the
impulse noise with a reconstructed signal according to the last portion of the received signal.
• AM-DSB demodulation and phase interpolation. The demodulation process, which involves
an I/Q quadrature undersampling technique, results in generation of out-of-phase sampled
signals incoming from RX board. Baseband module correction takes place by recovering I/Q
phase alignment by means of an interpolation process.
• Radio Frequency and Audio Frequency AGC (including RSSI measure and output level
adjustment). In analogues operating modes the received RF input signal might have a wide
dynamic range (100 dB). It is necessary to feature, in the RX path, an analogue Automatic
Gain Control (AGC) for stability requirements. RX module features a built-in IF AGC to
ensure output stability. Baseband module receives both I/Q samples and AGC control
voltage status by means of RS422 serial lines. The control voltage figure is then used for
RSSI level evaluation. Whether the level, of received RF input signal, is below the AGC
activation threshold, a RF-AGC (Radio Frequency AGC) is active. In addition, AF output
level variation must not exceed 1.5 dB, independently of the modulation depth of the
received signal; this is actuated by an AF-AGC (Audio Frequency AGC) process, which is
software-implemented within the Baseband. AGC is not active in AM-DATA mode.
• Squelch and Muting functionality. Baseband module also performs the squelch functionality,
by estimating the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio. Squelch can also be conditioned to RSSI
measurement. Muting functionality allows the RX chain disabling95.
• Channel selection. It is achieved by a combination of analogue and digital 25 KHz or 8.33
KHz low-pass filtering. In case of the local speaker configuration, audio signal quality is then
improved by further Baseband digital audio filtering; this functionality is not necessary when
data are transmitted via ACARS modems.
• Sampling frequency conversion. In order to fulfill the PCM bus frequency requirements, 8
Ksamples/s must be extracted from 45.5 Ksamples/s stream. An interpolator is then used to
extract a 40 Ksamples/s sequence from the 45.5 Ksamples/s stream. This interpolation
allows recovering 8 Ksamples/s PCM voice by decimated 40 Ksamples/s sequence.
• RX Control signals management. Baseband module handles RX module control signals;
e.g. ATT_RX for front-end attenuation for strong signals, LED_CARRIER_ON for led activity,
RX reset and wake up that forces module to exit from sleep mode.
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In digital VDL 2, VDL 3 and VDL 4 operating modes96, the Baseband module must satisfy all the
Physical Layer requirements for data frame construction and digital modulation. Moreover in
VDL 2 operating mode, Baseband also manages the upper layer (MAC layer) protocol.
In reception:
• D8PSK/GFSK demodulation. Physical Layer provides demodulation through I/Q quadrature
undersampling technique, and filtering.
• Channel decoding. In packed format of VDL 2 mode, the info fields are decoded according to
the Reed Solomon octet-oriented code. In VDL 3 operating mode the channel coding
depends on processed data. In particular, system data is Golay-coded, while user
information is Reed Solomon-coded. In VDL 4 operating mode FEC (Forward Error
Correction) decoding is used.
• De-scrambling and de-interleaving procedure. Only for VDL 2.
operating modes, de-interleaving operation is not required
In VDL 3 and VDL 4
• Channel sensing (CSMA). The Baseband module performs this access operation only in
VDL 2 mode. In VDL 3 and VDL 4 modes, the access procedures and all related functions
are realized outside the DR100.
• Bit Error Rate (BER) estimating. This function is used for test purposes in all digital VDL 2, 3
and 4 operating modes.
• Signal quality measurements (BER, RSSI). The Baseband module receives from RX
module sampled signals and information on the AGC control voltage by means RS422 serial
lines. These data are used to process BER and RSSI figures.
• Sampling frequency conversion and symbol synchronization. In VDL modes, in order to
achieve the rated D8PSK/GFSK bit rate, 10.5 Ksample/s must be extracted from 45.5
Ksamples/s. An interpolator is then used to extract a 42 Ksamples/s sequence from the 45.5
Ksamples/s one. This allows recovering 10.5 Ksample/s by decimated 42 Ksample/s
sequence. The sampling frequency is 4 times higher than the symbol rate in order to have 4
samples for each symbol to perform synchronization. Additionally, the frequency stability
requirements for the symbol frequency impose the need for an ON Line frame
synchronization algorithm, in order to not loosing the frame alignment.
4.5.1
Functional description
The Baseband module comprises the following component parts (see the functional block
diagram in Annex A):
• Microcontroller. The microcontroller has mainly local system management tasks, such as
software downloading to the DSP and the programming of the FPGA at start-up phase. The
first task is achieved via the Host Peripheral Interface (HPI) in DSP units, while the second
one requires a serial data transfer towards the FPGA. The communication among the
microcontroller and the two DSP units is implemented via Host Peripheral Interface (HPI)
connected to the microcontroller data bus. Both firmware download and operating
parameters setting functions are implemented via the HPI interface. The FPGA is connected
to the microcontroller data bus; this allows for accessing FPGA internal registers. Registers
are used for commanding and configuring the module resources, and also for handling
output signals. Microcontroller operates in conjunction with external Flash and RAM banks,
for firmware storing and for data management respectively.
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• Digital Signal Processor. Two DSP units handle all the physical layer processing, and work
in conjunction with external RAM bank because of big amount of data to be processed,
especially for the interleaving function. A processor is normally dedicated to the reception
path processing (DSP_RX bus). Two "virtual" DPRAM banks (implemented inside FPGA)
allow for direct data exchange between the two DSP. DSP units use DPRAM as I/O
writing/reading buffers. The DSP units also manage command signals for RX module (i.e.
LED_CARRIER_ON, ATT_RX, SQUELCH) by writing in the DPRAM area. The input/output
operations of sampled signals are performed through the synchronous serial ports available
on the DSP units. The connections between these serial ports and external interfaces are
realized through the FPGA device that can be configured in various operating modes,
depending from the processing performed by each DSP units. DSP units do not generate
the frequency reference clocks used in the serial ports.
• FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). The FPGA is a multipurpose device that works in
conjunction with microcontroller. It is composed of registers that are used in order to
program device operations, to load counters and for input-output functions of microcontroller.
The FPGA realizes the following tasks:
•
9
Management of signals for interfacing the microcontroller with the HPI located in DSP
units by access to Microcontroller Bus;
9
Implementation of two virtual DPRAM banks, accessible from the DSP for
communication purposes;
9
Input-output operations for the microcontroller;
9
Control of “wake-up” input signal length and generation of NMI, “Not Maskable
Interrupt”;
9
Generation of clock signals for serial output, the master clock for RX module and all the
timings needed for system operations, starting from the 43.680 MHz source. Also a
10 MHz reference clock is used.
9
Management of “XF” and “BIO” signals for both DSP units;
9
Connections between the serial ports of the two DSP and the external interfaces;
access logic provides the activation of the “ready” input signal in case of a DSP trying to
read at an address while a writing is performed at the same address.
CLOCK generator. As shown in following figure a 10 MHz VTCXO oscillator (for local
generation of 10 MHz clock), two PLL devices and a VCO device compose the clock
generation circuit. The VCO is used to generate the 43.680 MHz frequency clock for the
FPGA, while one PLL (programmed by a serial line incoming from microcontroller)
synchronizes the VCO output with the 10 MHz clock. The 10 MHz internal clock generator
(VTCXO ) may run autonomously or may be locked with an external reference. When the
clock generator runs autonomously, the frequency precision depends on the factory
calibration and it is voltage controlled by the DAC using values stored in EEPROM. When
the clock generator is locked to an external reference (GPS/GNSS 10 MHz external clock),
the VTCXO is inserted in a loop together with the PLL. The obtained 10 MHz clock is sent to
digital parts of BB module and to other DTR100V modules through the radio-motherboard.
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Figure 4.5 - BB module CLOCK generation
• Serial Lines. The signal interfacing, between the Baseband module and the other cards, is
achieved through serial synchronous lines. The “source” device originating data also
generates clock for the related synchronous interfaces. The clock reference for the RS422
serial interfaces, which support I/Q and V_AGC samples on the receive path, is generated
on the RX board. The clock reference for line interface, which supports voice/data signal is
generated in the external data source; the RS422 serial line (for I/Q data) transmission and
voice/data ports are under FPGA responsibility.
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4.6
PS MODULE
The PS module (Power Supply Unit) generates all the voltages necessary for DR100 operation;
it is fed by 115/230 VAC main voltage, and/or by the 24 VDC backup voltage. PS module
provides the following main functions:
•
Generation of +28 VDC, +13.5 VDC, +5 VDC, +3.3 VDC for all the modules
•
Automatic switchover on DC source in case of AC failure
•
Output alarms generation
4.6.1
Functional description
PS module is composed by some functional blocks, as shown in following figure.
Figure 4.6 - PS module block diagram
• Input stage. This stage provides EMI filtering and protections in compliance with CE marking
requirements. The AC input is connected to a AC/DC converter stage that provides the +28
VDC main voltage. The DC input voltage is a backup source connected, through an OR
block, to +28 VDC output. The DC input stage consists of an EMI filtering circuit and an
electronic switch for automatic connection of the DC backup in case of AC source failure.
Two mechanical switches on the rear panel are used to power AC and DC sections.
• Output stage. This stage is mainly composed of DC/DC converters for providing required
output voltages derived from +28 VDC (+13.5 VDC, +5 VDC, +3.3 VDC) and it includes
protection and filtering for all outputs.
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• Logic Circuit. This block is powered by a service voltage, separate and independent from
the output voltages. Its main function is to provide alarms on following failure conditions.
97
98
9
High temperature inside PS (Overtemperature).
9
Vout < 20% nominal value (Overload).
9
No main source presence (AC Fail)97.
9
No auxiliary source presence (DC Fail)98.
When the AC input fails, the equipment keeps on operation if also DC backup supply is connected.
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4.7
IMC CARD
The IMC (Interface and Management Card) performs the following functions:
• Equipment configuration, control and monitoring. The IMC card operates monitoring and
configuring all the modules within the equipment, including ALB-S card if present. IMC
performs these functions using the internal diagnostic Radio Control Bus (RCB). IMC card
also monitors the status of the PS module by means of dedicated alarm status signals.
• Signaling to/from external. IMC performs data exchange with external remote-controlling
device through RS485 serial data line, this allows for configuration, monitoring and control of
the equipment. IMC card reads PTT status from the ALB card and sends a PTT response
on a dedicated signal. IMC also generates a summary alarm signal to external.
• Software upgrading and downloading. The IMC card provides support for software
upgrading and downloading of each radio module and card. The software download request
is originated at one of external interfaces (RS232 test interface, RS485 external diagnostic),
and the download process to the radio modules (RX and BB) is done through internal RCB
bus.
• Control Panel Management. Control Panel (CP) interface is connected to the IMC card, by
using an RS232 serial communication line.
• Control signal routing. The IMC manages the routing of control signals (PTT, Squelch, etc.)
and of RS422 RX and TX synchronous serial lines, incoming from the ALB.
• Embedded changeover management. When ALB-S card is fitted in the equipment, IMC
allows for management of main/standby radio configuration, based on paired DR100. This
configuration is able to increase the reliability and the service degree of the system.
• Antenna RF coaxial switch control. The IMC card provides an optocoupled signal
input/output to drive an external RF coaxial switch, e.g. in main/standby configurations.
• Sleep/Wake-Up functionality. The IMC provides the sleep/wake-up signal, used to forcing in
a low power mode the modules when they are operating in idle mode (stand-by).
4.7.1
Functional description
A microprocessor and a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) mainly compose the IMC card.
These devices manage the interfaces that allow External System and internal modules
connections parts (see the functional block diagram in Annex A).
The IMC functional description is carried out by description of various interfaces functionality.
• Data I/F. This is the VDL data interface between IMC and a controlling device, such as a
ground station controller. It is based on a serial data line; the interface supports data
information, which are exchanged with a suitable protocol.
• Interface to the other radio equipment of the main/standby pair. The equipment uses this
interface only when it is operating in AM-25, AM-8.33. This interface supports the data
exchange between the main and the standby equipment of the pair, allowing real-time
acknowledgement of the alarm state originated by the paired equipment, or
acknowledgement of the unlink state of the data exchange (e.g. due to paired equipment
switching OFF). Interface is based on RS232 serial data line.
• External diagnostic bus. This interface, realized by an RS485 @ 19.2 Kbit/s serial line, is
used to connect the equipment to an external controller device. This serial line supports
data on equipment status and management information.
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• Test interface. It is composed of an asynchronous serial RS232 line 8 bit data (baud rate
38.4 Kbit/s). This interface is used for radio configuration, software download and for testing
purposes. IMC interfaces an external service-PC, with a dedicated software tool (LMT).
•
RS422 interface. It is composed of an asynchronous serial RS422 line 8 bit data and it is
used for testing purposes after production phase.
• Interface to the BB module. IMC performs line interfacing to Base Band module, through
RS422 synchronous serial lines. Data transferred on this interface may come from ALB
card, which converts audio frequency signal to digital signals, or through the data interface.
This interface also supports PTT and SQUELCH signals, and others control signals incoming
or routed to BB module.
• RCB (Radio Control Bus) serial bus. It is an internal asynchronous serial RS485 @ 19.2
Kbit/s diagnostic bus. The IMC uses this serial bus to maintain the communication with the
various modules, to configure them and to monitor their status and operations. Each board
has its specific command and diagnostic protocol, which is delivered to destination by the
software implementation of the RCB message transport protocol. The IMC has a master role
in this master-slave protocol. In addition, this interface support the WAKE_UP signal that
force RX, BB, and ALB-S cards to exit from low power consumption state (i.e. software
stand-by state).
• Interface to ALB cards. The equipment uses this interface only when it is operating in AM25, AM-8.33. This interface supports synchronous RS422 serial lines, which contains audio
PCM frames information for all DR100 modules; Squelch_OFF and LOC/REM signals
(control signals for audio parameters handling within ALB-M); SPI (Serial Peripheral
Interface) serial line. Moreover, this interface collects others control signals generates on
IMC, or incoming from ALB card. Squelch_OFF, LOC/REM and SPI signals are used only to
communicate with the ALB-M card only. When the equipment is fitted with ALB-S card, the
IMC manages the same functions by using messages exchanged on RCB.
• Interface to Control Panel. This is the interface that connects IMC to the Control Panel,
composed by display and keys, and the local audio input/output. The HMI is connected
through a serial RS232 synchronous interface, and a SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) line is
used for loudspeaker volume control.
• Interface to Power Supply. The IMC card receives the required voltages for digital and
analogue circuits (5 VDC and 3.3 VDC) through this interface. The interface also includes
Status Lines, which support alarm signals (Over Temperature, Over Load, AC_FAIL,
DC_FAIL).
4.7.2
Main/standby mode of operation
An important task of the IMC is to manage the embedded changeover function, in the
main/standby mode of operation. Please refer to the functional description of this facility in the
relevant chapter within this section.
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4.8
CONTROL PANEL MODULE
CP module is the equipment-operator interface facility of the equipment. It features both LCD
display and 4-key pad for access to equipment parameters editing, and performs the interface
between display/keyboard and IMC card.
It also allows for the interface between the ancillary audio devices (e.g. headset) and the
internal analogue audio bus (connected to ALB).
Control Panel main functions are:
•
•
•
Interface between the external analogue audio interfaces (headset) and the internal
analogue audio bus (connected to ALB):
9
Electrete microphone front-end (noise gating, expander, AGC, compressor)99;
9
Earphone audio amplifier;
9
Loudspeaker audio amplifier.
Interface between display/keyboard and MSIC or IMC:
9
Display driver interface from RS232 to TTL;
9
Keyboard interface from TTL to RS232.
Auxiliary radio functions:
9
Service voltage output;
9
Recorder interface.
4.8.1
Functional description
The CP module comprises the following functional blocks (see the functional block in the figure
below):
•
I/O connectors. The CP has two I/O connectors, J1 and J2. The first one connects the CP
with the output/input AF line to/from the ALB card. It also connects the Control Panel to IMC
card, from which it receives command signals (PTT and MUTE), and control volume serial
line, and to which it sends radio modules settings by means of an RS232 serial line. J2
connects the CP recorder interface with the ALB card; it also receives the ALARM signal for
generating the alarm tone and provides the service voltage output protections.
•
Speaker/Earphone amplifiers and Microphone front-end. Two power audio amplifiers drive
the speaker and the earphone. Only one of these two amplifiers is active. A logical circuitry
turns ON or OFF the output audio amplifier. The signal "EAR_ON" selects the amplifier to be
activated. The AUDIO MUTE and ALARM_TONE signals determinate the activity on output
audio lines. Each audio line is active, when selected by EAR_ON signal, when AUDIO
MUTE is disabled (radio is receiving a RF signal), or when alarm tone is activated. A double
electronic potentiometer changes the audio level of each amplifier. It is a SIP device (Serial
Input Port) and it is driven by the IMC card. This stage comprises also a compressor that
drives the electrete microphone. It performs functions of noise gating, expander, automatic
gain control and compressor. The audio levels and the compressor setting values are
factory-defined and can not be changed via manual adjustments.
•
Display and Keyboard Interface. It consists in a microcontroller that is interfaced with the
IMC by means an RS232 to TTL level translator. The IMC sends to the Control Panel 9 serial
bits, 8 bits for data and one for command. If the received information is a display information
it is directly sent to the display, according to the display controller instruction codes used.
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Concerning keyboard interface, when a key is pressed the microcontroller sends the
corresponding code on the dedicated serial line. Command sent by keyboard is in
accordance to the function shown on the display.
•
Recorder interface. The CP module provides a 600 Ohm interface for recorder output.
Recorder output signal comes from ALB card as a low impedance unbalanced signal, which
is converted by recorder interface in a 600 Ohm balanced signal. An analog switch enables
the output only when there is an audio activity on the radio (only when PTT or squelch are
active, the switch is closed and audio signal is enabled).
Figure 4.7 - CP module block diagram
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4.9
ALB-M CARD
ALB-M is a plug-in card and it is inserted in the dedicated cards-motherboard area on the
backside of the radio. It is the analogue interface of equipment toward telephone line or local
operator and performs interfacing of digital part of transceiver (Baseband module) and external
analogue audio interfaces (telephone lines and local control panel), handling both audio and
SQUELCH signals.
ALB-M performs the following functions:
• DAC and ADC functionality. Digital to analogue and analogue to digital conversion with
audio filtering.
• Baseband interfacing. Synchronous serial line interface ALB-M with Baseband module.
• Electronic regulation of the audio line interface.
• Squelch coding. ALB-M card allows realizing this function into universal E&M (Ear and
Mouth) interfaces.
• Control Panel Interface. ALB-M provides an interface towards the Control Panel, and an
audio balanced interface towards the Control Panel for local audio operation.
4.9.1
Functional description
The ALB-M card has the task to manage all signals incoming from the Baseband module, to
convert them into speech, and vice-versa. Analyzing the paths of received signal (RX path),
and referring to the functional block diagram in Annex A, following functional sub-blocks can be
highlighted.
• cPCI connector. This connector on the cards-motherboard allows ALB-M communication
with others modules. It receive O&M messages from IMC card, and all signal incoming from
BB module. It is also directly connected to the Control Panel interface block that handles
squelch signal for local operations.
• Control logic. This block performs general ALB-M control and interface operations. It
handles Squelch signal, to/from IMC card, and sends them to E&M interface. Control Logic
sub-unit receives the RX signals from IMC card, through a RS422 serial line, and sends
them to the Analogue to Digital converter. Moreover this sub-unit generates the useful
signals for Control Panel interface.
• Audio Conversion. The Digital to Analogue and Analogue to Digital conversions are
performed by a CODEC (Coder/Decoder).
• Telecommunication line interface. The TELCO interface driver performs level regulation and
line protection operations for RX path. The received signals, after an analogue to digital
conversion, are filtered and fed to the TELCO interface for remote operations. In this case
the squelch signal toward the TELCO Interface is coded by the standard M interface. The
TX path of the interface is not used in DR100V, with the exception of PTT signal from the
TELCO port, that is decoded by a standard E interface (used only for receiver muting
purposes).
• E&M interface. E&M signaling is generally used to allow for equipment operating by remote
devices (e.g. VCSS). On ALB-M, M (Mouth) output signaling is used to manage squelch
information. The E (Ear) input signal is associated to PTT signal and is used only for
receiver muting purposes.
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4.10 ALB-S CARD
ALB-S is a plug-in card and it is inserted in the dedicated cards-motherboard area on the
backside of the radio. Alternative to ALB-M, it is the analogue interface of equipment toward
telephone lines or local operator and performs interfacing of digital part of transceiver
(Baseband module) and external analogue audio interfaces (telephone lines and local control
panel), handling both audio and PTT/SQUELCH signals. ALB-S performs following functions:
• DAC and ADC functionality. Digital to analogue and analogue to digital conversion of the
speech with audio filtering.
• Baseband interfacing. Synchronous serial line interface ALB-M with Baseband module.
• Electronic regulation of the AF line interface (on both primary and backup lines).
• PTT/squelch encoding/decoding into E&M signaling.
ALB-S card supports
encoding/decoding of PTT and squelch signaling from/to primary and backup AF lines. In
normal operation, this signals are encoded and decoded onto universal E&M interfaces. If
In-band tone signaling function is selected, PTT and squelch are encoded and decoded as
in-band tones (2040 Hz as default), for both primary and backup lines. This feature is
implemented by DSP firmware facility. In DR100V, PTT is used only for receiver muting
purposes.
• Control Panel Interface. ALB-S provides an interface towards the Control Panel, and an
audio balanced interface towards the Control Panel for local audio operation.
• Main/standby changeover and primary/backup line selection support. ALB-S card allows
primary/backup line selection, and the activation of main/standby changeover processes
managed by IMC card. To support dual-line and dual-equipment configuration, it features an
interface towards another ALB-S for main/standby (radio) and primary/backup (AF line)
changeover, in order to provide a distributed 2x2 audio switch. Each of the AF line I/O port
(e.g. DIR P, standing for "direct primary"), has a "mirrored" port (e.g. SWD P, standing for
"switched primary"), for routing the relevant line to the other equipment composing the
main/standby pair. This configuration allows connection of both AF lines according to the
operating condition, as shown in the following figure. ALB-S also provides AF lines
disconnection for manual changeover operations, to be actuated upon external command
(e.g. line disconnection on manual changeover selection).
Figure 4.8 - ALB-S switching matrix configuration
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• CM Tone (call maintenance) tone generation. The function is realized on both primary and
backup lines, and allows for monitoring of the quality of AF lines by remote VCSS, on
generation of a pilot call maintenance tone by ALB-S. This feature is implemented by DSP
firmware facility.
• FSK mode. Data from/to an RS485 diagnostic serial line are converted into mark/space
tones by an internal "modem" device implemented by DSP, in order to realize a low bit-rate
FSK modem on the audio lines. This feature is implemented by DSP firmware facility.
• Audio delay. An adjustable delay can be applied on the RX voice paths of both primary and
backup AF line. This feature is implemented by DSP firmware facility.
• Interfacing toward external. When the DR100V is connected to a DRC100, remote O&M
commands are generated by DRC100, and received by the DR100V through the FSK
modem. O&M data to be modulated/demodulated shall be available to each radio on the
relevant IMC RS485 DIAG interface.
4.10.1
Functional description
A schematic block diagram of ALB-S card is given in following figure.
Figure 4.9 - ALB-S card block diagram
Following functional sub-blocks can be highlighted.
• cPCI connector. This connector on the cards-motherboard allows ALB-S communication
with others modules. It exchange data with IMC card by RCB, O&M data exchange (RS485
DIAG), and audio PCM frames incoming from BB module (RS422). It is also connected to
the Control Panel interface block that handles squelch and PTT signals for local operations.
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• Control logic. This is realized by a microcontroller and performs general control and
interface operation of ALB-S card, DSP functions activation and adjustments, firmware
downloading to the DSP and board internal diagnostics tasks. It is interfaced with others
modules through the cards-motherboard, and handles RS485 diagnostic port (RS485 DIAG),
RCB internal bus and squelch signaling. It has also the task to actuate the changeover task
upon IMC control.
• Audio Conversion. The Digital to Analogue and Analogue to Digital conversions on
analogue signals incoming from AF lines and/or CP module are performed by CODEC
(Coder/Decoder) devices.
• 4-Wires E&M interface. Two balanced AF lines are managed, identified as primary and
backup; each line connector is doubled in order to perform auxiliary connection for
main/standby changeover tasks. E&M signaling is generally used to allow for equipment
operating by remote devices (e.g. VCSS). As usual in radio equipment, E&M signaling is
used to manage PTT and squelch information on both primary and backup AF lines. The E
(Ear) input signal is associated to PTT signal, and M (Mouth) output signal signal is
associated to squelch signal. Each interface driver performs level regulation and line
protection operations for both RX and TX path100. Concerning the RX path, the received
signals, after an digital to analogue conversion, are filtered and fed to AF line port for remote
operations. In this case the squelch signal is coded by the standard M interface. On TX
path101 the analogue audio signal enters into the card through the line protection circuit. In
this case the level of the input signal can be adjusted to compensate the line losses, and the
PTT signal is decoded by a standard E interface.
• DTR100 CP interface. This interface handles all signals necessary for Control Panel tasks,
e.g. microphone and earphone audio signals, PTT and audio mute.
• DRC100 interface. This interface block is used when the ALB-S is used within the remote
audio controller DRC100. These are the audio signals for both TX and RX paths, and PTT
and squelch signaling. This interface is also used for generation of recording audio output
upon D/A conversion.
• DSP block, In-band tone signaling, FSK modem.
This block performs all digital
computations on audio signals. It is based on DSP that has the tasks to process audio PCM
frames incoming from BB module. DSP can manage In-band tone signaling by converting
PTT and squelch signals into in-band tones (2040 Hz as default), and also applying on the
signal path the necessary audio filtering (e.g. notch filters), to avoid tone crosstalk onto
speech messages on both TX and RX paths. DSP can manage FSK modem by connecting
on the audio path a low bit-rate FSK modem that is able to carry on O&M communication
towards operator position, e.g. equipped with DRC100, and also applying on the signal path
the necessary audio filtering (e.g. notch filters). DSP can manage CM Tone by generation of
a pilot tone on the AF RX lines. DSP can add adjustable delay on the AF lines.
100
101
Not used in DR100.
Not used in DR100.
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4.11 EMBEDDED CHANGEOVER FUNCTION
The embedded changeover function allows a couple of equipments, configured in main/standby
mode of operation, to operate as a failure-tolerant system without any other external device.
The system is composed by a pair of identical radio equipments identified as main and standby
unit, and operating on the same frequency. It is able to guarantee uninterrupted operations
even in the case of failure of one of the radio equipment composing the pair. In addition, it is
also possible to extend the redundancy scheme to AF line connecting radio equipment to
operator, by having primary and backup AF line together with line changeover facility.
Changeover operation is automatic, e.g. each action takes place as result of failure conditions
with no need of operator acknowledgment and/or authorization.
• Radio equipment changeover on equipment alarm state, or equipment switching OFF.
• Radio equipment changeover based on squelch detection (e.g. only one of the two receiver
sections is detecting an incoming RF carrier).
• Support for AF line changeover between primary and backup lines, actuated by remote
control device (e.g VCSS) and based on CM tone detection (call maintenance tone).
Manual overriding of the changeover process is also possible by proper configuration tools (e.g.
LMT). This may be useful whenever an equipment or an AF line must be temporary disabled
and/or excluded from the changeover scheme (e.g., for setting-up or maintenance purposes).
Following actions are foreseen:
• Exclusion of a radio equipment from changeover process.
• Exclusion of an AF line from line changeover process.
• Changeover position forcing in any of the above cases.
4.11.1
Changeover architecture
Changeover feature requires ALB-S. DR100V equipment fitted with ALB-M can not support the
embedded changeover.
While ALB-S board physically handles line changeover procedures, the IMC software set up
and controls ALB-S for radio changeover procedures, supports the necessary monitoring
functions of the coupled equipment, and implements the main/standby procedures. These can
take place automatically as result of equipment failure, or manually in case of manual
changeover request.
IMCs of paired radio equipment are connected via an RS232 serial data line, continuously
exchanging data about their status, and allowing real-time acknowledgement of the alarm
states. Decisional processes are allocated in the equipment configured as main within the
changeover scheme; the main equipment actuates changeover, then communicating new status
to the standby via the dedicated RS232 serial data line. If one of the two radio equipment is
switched OFF, or the RS232 communication is interrupted, the other radio equipment detects an
un-link condition, therefore operating as active equipment and giving service, irrespectively of
any other further communication (unless RS232 communication is restored and un-link
condition disappears).
IMC application software can also control an external antenna switch, in accordance to the
changeover status.
The following figure shows an example of main/standby system
management by IMC and ALB-S.
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Figure 4.10 - Main/standby changeover layout
The system composed by the couple of radios in main/standby configuration must be coherently
set-up and configured by local or remote operators, e.g. those parameters that are relevant for
changeover functions must be set according to a correct main/standby configuration.
4.11.2
RX section changeover
On the RX path, the radio changeover function is actuated according to the number of
connected AF lines.
If the system is provided with only one AF line (e.g primary AF line only), the main equipment is
normally connected to the AF line, while the standby is disconnected. As result, if both the
receive sections detect an incoming RF carrier, the main audio output is routed towards
controlling remote devices (e.g. VCSS, etc). Changeover may occur on following conditions:
• The main equipment is in alarm state. The RX changeover command is immediately
communicated to the standby equipment via the RS232 data link, and the standby audio
output is routed towards controlling remote devices (e.g. VCSS, etc).
• Only the the standby equipment detects an incoming RF carrier. This may happen whether
main receiver chain is defective, or if the squelch thresholds are differently set. In this case
the system operate a changeover on the RX section, by choosing the one that has signaled
squelch activity, irrespective of the default assignment. Squelch signaling status is
exchanged through RS232 data link. As result, the standby audio output is routed towards
controlling remote devices (e.g. VCSS, etc).
• The main equipment is switched OFF. The standby detects un-link condition on the RS232
data link, and establish connection to the AF line.
If the system is provided with two AF lines (e.g primary and backup AF lines), the main
equipment is normally connected to the primary AF line, while the standby is is normally
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connected to the backup AF line. This layout allows to send to the controlling remote devices
the AF output of both receive sections, e.g. to be then processed by a voting device.
Changeover may occur on following conditions:
• Alarm state or switching OFF of one equipment. The remaining one is connected to both
primary and backup AF line.
• Only one equipment detects an incoming RF carrier. This may happen whether a receiver
chain is defective, or if the squelch thresholds are differently set. Squelch signaling status is
exchanged through RS232 data link; the other equipment is connected to both primary and
backup AF lines.
4.11.3
AF line changeover support
When two separate AF and signaling lines are available, it is possible to extend the redundancy
scheme and changeover facility also to the connection between equipment and controlling
remote devices (e.g. VCSS, etc).
The AF lines changeover function is defined as the capability to operate continuous monitor of
the quality of AF lines by means of detection of a pilot call maintenance tone (CM Tone, usually
@ 800 Hz). This is generated by ALB-S on the AF RX path, e.g. to be then detected by VCSS.
The evaluation of the line status may be done at VCSS by measuring the CM Tone level, when
the measured value falls below a preset threshold (e.g. -10 dBm) the line is considered
degraded or unoperating, and changeover on the other line is actuated. This function can be
operated only if the equipment is interfaced with a VCSS, or any other device, capable to
generate and decode the CM Tone.
It is important to note that, even if not using CM Tone, the equipment can anyway provide AF
line redundancy scheme, once connected to VCSS by two separate AF lines. In this case,
selection of the audio line is actuated by VCSS facility on "best signal" criteria, e.g. by voting
system.
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4.12 SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
The DR100V is a multi-mode software radio, and it requires its own firmware and software
applications.
The IMC card mainly performs the management of software and firmware operations. Here
below a description of IMC software architecture and the performed functions is given.
4.12.1
IMC software architecture
It is possible to identify some software blocks (see also the functional block diagram in
Annex A):
• MANAGEMENT block. This block is composed of the following sub-blocks:
9
O&M. It receives O&M messages from RS485 external diagnostic block and RS232
Test interface block, and send them to MNG sub-block.
9
MNG (management). It handles O&M messages coming from any external interface
and from Control Panel module. It also handles signals incoming from GSC sub-block
9
CONFIG. This block is in charge of maintaining configuration data that are stored in a
Flash memory device.
9
VT100. This block allows the parameters storage and setting, according to system
configuration.
9
STATUS. This block has the task to maintain the current status, the Power Supply
status and the status of any internal module connected to the IMC through the RCB. It
generates alarm signals when the equipment transit in fault state or in OFF Line state.
9
RMI. This block allows handling the HMI interface by communication with the MNG
main block.
• RCB_CMD block. It allows the Management block to communicate with the internal module
connected to the IMC (RX, BB) through the RCB bus. It is composed of two sub-units:
9
CMD (Charge-Modulation Device). This block manages the command protocols and
timing requirements related to the internal modules. Different blocks related on the
equipment modules compose CMD unit. These blocks periodically verifies, with a
status polling message, whether the application running on the corresponding board is
working correctly, and informs the STATUS sub-block of an eventual fault condition.
9
RCB (Radio Control Bus). It manages the communication between the internal modules
and the IMC card on the Radio Control Bus. It periodically verifies, by a polling schema,
whether the internal modules are correctly operating on the RCB and eventually informs
the STATUS sub-block of the wrong condition.
• HMI I/F block. This block handles the HMI interface and implements the user menu.
• External diagnostic block. This block is composed of a serial driver block (RS485 driver) that
handles the physical and data link layer of the communication with the external RS485, and
of the O&M protocol (RS485 mngt.).
• Test interface block. This block is composed of a driver block that handles the physical layer
of the communication with the external RS232, and of a Test Management block. The latter
may receive test messages, configuration setting messages or configuration request
messages from the test driver, which checks their validity and sends them to the GSC
sub-block.
• ALB I/F block. This block is present when the equipment is operating in AM mode and the
composing processes are running on the IMC card. This block handles the serial
communication and signaling to and from the ALB-M card. The Management block issue
requests to this block in order to set new configuration or operating parameters to the ALB
cards.
Configuration of the ALB deals with attenuation of audio lines, local
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(earphones/loudspeaker) or remote (TELCO port) input and output, disabling of the audio
input/output, configuration and operation parameters, like settings of the in-band tones, etc.
Figure 4.11 - IMC card software block diagram
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5. MAINTENANCE
This section provides the necessary information to carry out preventive maintenance (e.g. all the
operations necessary to maintain the equipment in the best operating condition) and also
provides troubleshooting procedures (e.g. to identify failures and restore equipment efficiency).
WARNING
5.1
Maintenance and troubleshooting are intended to be carried out by
qualified technical personnel only
DRR100V VARIANT
Since the DRR100V is composed by two identical and independent receiver sections, all the
aspects referred to the DR100V equipment maintenance shall be duplicated for both the
sections composing DRR100V.
5.2
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
The operator may carry out all preventive actions in order to maintain the equipment.
Operations are limited to visual inspections, cleaning and replacement of consumable parts of
the equipment. In addition, preventive maintenance also includes some simple instrumental
procedures to check the equipment status and performance.
5.2.1
Tasks
In following table tasks to be carried out periodically are listed.
Table 5.1 - Periodic maintenance basic operations
Check
Visual inspection
Equipment cleaning
External connector inspection
Equipment status check
Reference oscillator monitoring
5.2.2
Frequency
6 months
6 months
6 months
1 week
1 year
Equipment and tools
Here below tools and equipment required for preventive maintenance operations are listed.
Equivalent items may be used if necessary. None of the listed equipment and tools is provided
together with the equipment.
Unless indicated otherwise preventive maintenance operations must be carried out with the
equipment switched OFF and disconnected from any external system.
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Table 5.2 - Periodic maintenance tools
Item description
Cotton gloves
Soft cloth
Solvent
Brush
Frequency counter
5.2.3
Type
Any
Any
Electric contact specific solvent
Any
• 0.1 ppm internal time base stability (1 x 10-7)
• Frequency range DC to 225 MHz (DC coupled)
Procedures
The following chapters detail the preventive maintenance procedures to be carried out on the
equipment. Before starting, the operator must check for the availability of the tools listed in
related table.
5.2.3.1
Equipment cleaning
Cleaning operations of the equipment must be carried out even if the equipment is installed in
an air-conditioned environment. It is recommended the use of cotton gloves to protect metal
surfaces from skin oils. Chassis cleaning should be done using a clean dry cloth or a brush.
Every traces of dust on the inside must be removed. In case of grease or dirt on the connector
pins, use a brush dampened with specific solvent. Do not use solvents to clean painted or
anodized part and the display.
5.2.3.2
External Connectors inspection
External connector must be controlled; loose connectors (especially RF connectors) may
introduce malfunction and/or mismatching. It is important to check the status of fuses; they
should be replaced in case of contact oxidation.
5.2.3.3
Equipment Status check
Equipment status should be checked weekly by browsing the control panel display and verifying
that no alarm is present. In case of alarm occurrence, please refer to troubleshooting
indications within this section.
5.2.3.4
Reference oscillator monitoring
This monitoring must be done with the equipment ON. The front side test port has a monitoring
facility for the internal 10 MHz reference oscillator that has a rated 1 ppm accuracy, and should
be monitored yearly. A 5 ppm accuracy is required.
On the TEST port, a TTL-level 500 kHz square-wave signal is available, obtained by dividing the
internal reference102. As specified, the counter used for the test must have an internal time
base stability better than 0.1 ppm (1 x 10-7); it is recommended to use a counter provided with
internal high-stability oven, or slaved to external reference (e.g GPS).
It is necessary to wire a cabling having on the equipment side a Mini-DIN 8-pin male, and
having on the frequency counter side the relevant termination (e.g. BNC coaxial). Cabling
102
The frequency accuracy can be monitored and adjusted even by checking the effective frequency precision of the
radiated carrier, e.g. by connecting a radio test set on the transmitter RF output. Nevertheless, this procedure is not
recommended, since it requires the disconnection of the equipment from the radiating system, thus causing system
service interruption.
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should be realized preferably with RF-coaxial cable. The pin 3 of the TEST port must be
connected to the central conductor of coaxial, while pins 1, 4 or 6 (corresponding to GND) must
be connected to the shield.
Once realized the cable connect the cabling to the TEST port and to the counter input port. The
Frequency counter must display the 500 kHz signal current frequency.
If the frequency reference is less accurate than 5 ppm wrt the 500 kHz signal the TCXO value
must be set. . The TXCO adjustment must be done only by SELEX Communications staff and
with specific software tool.
The next figure shows a digital-scope screenshot of the TTL-level 500 kHz square-wave signal
at the TEST port.
Note that this screenshot is given only as a reference, since digital scope usually has not the
required measurement accuracy.
Figure 5.1 - Screenshot of TTL-level 500 KHz test signal
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A counter having an internal time base stability better than 0.1 ppm (1 x
10-7) is required for this adjustment. The use of any other instrument
having lower accuracy figure may result in equipment misalignment.
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5.3
TROUBLESHOOTING
Corrective maintenance includes the following tasks.
• Acknowledgement of the alarm, or detection of the failure.
• Identification of the faulty module, or element, or condition.
• Performing the appropriate corrective action, e.g. replacing the defective module, or
removing the condition that has caused the failure.
Troubleshooting operations may be done according to alarms messages monitored on Control
Panel display. The global alarm output, including messages provided by control panel display,
is detailed within this section.
5.3.1
List of replaceable parts
Replaceable parts, listed in the following table for any of DR100V and DRR100V configuration,
are intended as the items that may be necessary to restore the equipment efficiency after that a
successful troubleshooting has allowed maintenance staff to detect the failure..
Maintenance actions are limited to the module and card level. No maintenance activity down to
sub-module and/or component level is foreseen.
Defective parts should be sent back to SELEX Communications Customer Service Dept. for
repairing:
Green Line
Selex-Communications S.p.A.
Customer Care & N.O.C.
Via Pieragostini, 80
16151 Genova - Italy
Direct Line:
Fax:
Web site:
e-mail:
800 905 048
800 509 590
+39 010 614 7159
+39 010 6093 3194
www.selexcomms.com
customer.care@selex-comms.com
It is recommended that the operator checks the part number (P/N) and serial number (S/N) of
any defective part. This data must be reported in the Site logbook. The part number is
composed as follows:
Part main identifier
P/N: 774-0614 / 02 . 01
Part version
WARNING
114
Release
The last four numbers of the part number may change according to the
specific project. These numbers indicate the version and the release of
the associated part.
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All the DR100V receiver configurations are composed by a DR100V Base Unit fitted with some
add-ons as listed in the tables below:
Table 5.3 - DR100V replaceable parts
Main Item
DR100V Base Unit
Part Number
774-0562/01
Subrack module
771-1437/01
RX VHF module
771-1000/01
BB module
771-0614/03
CP module
771-0952/02
PS module
972-0069/01
IMC card
771-0660/03
Mandatory Add on
Note
Base radio set
Part Number
Note
ALB-M card
771-0615/04
The ALB-S and the ALB-M
cards are alternative
ALB-S card
771-0769/03
The ALB-S and the ALB-M
cards are alternative
Optional Add on
E-GSC card
Part Number
771-1291/02
Note
Table 5.4 - DRR100V replaceable parts
Main Item
DRR100V Base Unit
Part Number
774-0563/01
Q.ty
Note
Base radio set
Subrack module
771-1320/01
2
RX VHF module
771-1000/01
2
BB module
771-0614/03
2
CP module
771-0952/02
2
PS module
972-0069/01
2
IMC card
771-0660/03
2
Part Number
Max q.ty
Note
Mandatory Add on
ALB-M card
771-0615/04
2
The ALB-S and the ALB-M
cards are alternative
ALB-S card
771-0769/03
2
The ALB-S and the ALB-M
cards are alternative
Max q.ty
Note
Optional Add
on
E-GSC card
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5.3.2
Parts replacement
After identification of the defective part, it should be replaced by a new or reconditioned one in
order to re-establish full operating efficiency. Both DR100V and DRR100V take advantage of a
modular design, so that quick replacement of a part is possible simply by unscrewing and/or
extracting the defective module and substituting it. All the instructions here below given are
valid for both DR100V and DRR100V.
To replace BB, RX or CP module the operator must follow these guidelines:
• Switch OFF the equipment. Switch OFF AC and DC breakers, or disconnect power sources.
• Disconnect the RF and/or other coaxial cables on the rear side of the equipment.
• Unscrew the screws and extract the module (refer to following figure). Before extracting the
CP module it is necessary to disconnect the flat cable highlighted in the figure.
• Remove the defective module.
• Place the new module into its slot and re-screw. Connect again the RF and/or other coaxial
cables on the rear side of the card.
• Switch ON AC and DC breakers, and then switch ON the equipment.
• If necessary, perform instrumental or operational check.
Figure 5.2 - Modules extraction
WARNING
116
The PS module does not fully disconnect the equipment from both AC
and DC sources, even when its power switches are in OFF position.
Internal modules and/or parts should be removed from the equipment
only once that the external AC and DC breakers have been switched OFF,
and/or external supply sources have been disconnected.
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To replace the PS module the operator must follow these guidelines:
• Switch OFF the equipment.
• Switch OFF AC and DC breakers, or disconnect power sources.
• Disconnect AC and DC power cables.
• Unscrew the screws and remove the defective module from rear side (see following figure).
• Place the new module into the slot and re-screw. Connect again AC and DC power cables.
• Switch ON AC and DC breakers, and then switch ON the equipment.
• If necessary, perform instrumental or operational check.
Figure 5.3 - PS module extraction
To replace a card the operator must follow these guidelines:
• Switch OFF the equipment. Switch OFF AC and DC breakers, or disconnect power sources.
• Disconnect the cabling from the rear side of the card.
• Unscrew the screws (the upper one is on the card panel top, the lower one is on the card
panel bottom, hidden by the extractor handle), and push with strength the extractor to
remove the card (refer to following figure).
• Remove the defective card and place the new card into its slot, push up the extractor and rescrew. Connect again the cabling on rear side of the card.
• Switch ON AC and DC breakers, and then switch ON the equipment. If necessary, perform
instrumental or operational check.
Figure 5.4 - Cards extraction
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5.3.3
Output messages from Control Panel
Following index is suitable to associate each alarm output achievable by Control Panel to the
relevant page, where details are available describing the alarm related to the message, the
source module or card, action to be undertaken, etc.
Table 5.5 - Output messages index
Output message # 1 - <PS Over Temp> alarm......................................................................... 119
Output message # 2 - <PS Over Load> alarm .......................................................................... 120
Output message # 3 - <PS AC Fail> alarm ............................................................................... 121
Output message # 4 - <PS DC Fail> alarm ............................................................................... 122
Output message # 5 - <RX IF Synth> alarm ............................................................................. 123
Output message # 6 - <RX RF Synth> alarm............................................................................ 124
Output message # 7 - <RX TCXO Synth>alarm ....................................................................... 125
Output message # 8 - <RX Gain AD> alarm ............................................................................. 126
Output message # 9 - <RX Link Error> alarm ........................................................................... 127
Output message # 10 - <RX Configuration> alarm ................................................................... 128
Output message # 11 - <RX Loader> alarm ............................................................................. 129
Output message # 12 - <RX Comm. Error> alarm .................................................................... 130
Output message # 13 - <RX Basel. Error> alarm...................................................................... 131
Output message # 14 - <BB TCXO Synth> alarm..................................................................... 132
Output message # 15 - <BB DSP RX Error> alarm .................................................................. 133
Output message # 16 - <BB RAM Error> alarm........................................................................ 134
Output message # 17 - <BB FPGA Error> alarm ...................................................................... 135
Output message # 18 - <BB Power Supply> alarm................................................................... 136
Output message # 19 - <BB Link Error> alarm ......................................................................... 137
Output message # 20 - <BB GNSS Error> alarm...................................................................... 138
Output message # 21 - <BB Configuration> alarm ................................................................... 139
Output message # 22 - <BB Loader> alarm.............................................................................. 140
Output message # 23 - <BB Comm. Error> alarm .................................................................... 141
Output message # 24 - <BB Basel. Error> alarm...................................................................... 142
Output message # 25 - <IMC Data Flash> alarm...................................................................... 143
Output message # 26 - <IMC FPGA Error> alarm .................................................................... 144
Output message # 27 - <IMC RAM Error> alarm ...................................................................... 145
Output message # 28 - <IMC Config> alarm............................................................................. 146
Output message # 29 - <IMC RS485 Addr.> alarm .................................................................. 147
Output message # 30 - <IMC Basel. Error> alarm .................................................................... 148
Output message # 31 - <ALB DSP Error> alarm ...................................................................... 149
Output message # 32 - <ALB RAM Error> alarm...................................................................... 150
Output message # 33 - <ALB FPGA Error> alarm .................................................................... 151
Output message # 34 - <ALB DC/DC Error> alarm .................................................................. 152
Output message # 35 - <ALB EPROM Error> alarm................................................................. 153
Output message # 36 - <ALB Link Error> alarm ....................................................................... 154
Output message # 37 - <ALB Config> alarm ............................................................................ 155
Output message # 38 - <ALB Loader> alarm............................................................................ 156
Output message # 39 - <ALB Comm. Error> alarm .................................................................. 157
Output message # 40 - <ALB Basel. Error> alarm.................................................................... 158
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Output message # 1 - <PS Over Temp> alarm
Alarm message:
PS Over Temp
Alarm information:
Event type:
Operating failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
PS module
Alarm description:
High temperature inside Power Supply module.
Additional information:
None
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment.
•
Wait and verify if the environmental operating conditions
are within the stored range.
•
Re-start the equipment.
•
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace the PS module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 2 - <PS Over Load> alarm
Alarm message:
PS Over Load
Alarm information:
Event type:
Operating failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
PS module
Alarm description:
Power Supply output voltage < 20% of nominal value usually
due to high current demand from powered modules.
Additional information:
None.
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment.
•
Re-start the equipment.
•
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace the PS module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 3 - <PS AC Fail> alarm
Alarm message:
PS AC Fail
Alarm information:
Event type:
Operating failure
Impact:
Loss or reduction of equipment service103
Failure location:
PS module
Alarm description:
No main AC source, or PS module is defective.
Additional information:
If the equipment is powered by both AC and DC backup, it
automatically switches on DC backup.
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment.
•
Switch off the AC and DC power lines, e.g. by setting
OFF the relevant circuit breakers.
•
Check the AC fuses on the PS module. Replace the
fuse if damaged.
•
Check the AC source and cabling, and verify if any
failure is present.
•
Replace the damaged items if present.
•
Re-start the equipment.
•
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace the PS module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
103
According to equipment powering (AC, DC or both AC and DC).
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Output message # 4 - <PS DC Fail> alarm
Alarm message:
PS DC Fail
Alarm information:
Event type:
Operating failure
Impact:
Loss or reduction of equipment service104
Failure location:
PS module
Alarm description:
No auxiliary DC source is present or PS module is defective.
Additional information:
None
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment.
•
Switch off the AC and DC power lines, e.g. by setting
OFF the relevant circuit breakers.
•
Disconnect the DC input, e.g. by removing the fuse or
breaker located on the DC source or power switchboard.
•
Check the DC fuse on the PS module. Replace the fuse
if damaged. Check the DC source and cabling, and
verify if any failure is present.
•
Replace the damaged items if present.
•
Re-start the equipment.
•
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace the PS module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
104
According to equipment powering (AC, DC or both AC and DC).
122
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Output message # 5 - <RX IF Synth> alarm
Alarm message:
RX IF Synth
Alarm information:
Event type:
Operating failure
Impact:
No RX operating
Failure location:
RX module
Alarm description:
The IF synthesizer is unlocked.
Additional information:
None.
Action:
•
Reselect the frequency value.
•
If the alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace the RX module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 6 - <RX RF Synth> alarm
Alarm message:
RX RF Synth
Alarm information:
Event type:
Operating failure
Impact:
No RX operating
Failure location:
RX module
Alarm description:
The RF synthesizer is unlocked.
Additional information:
None.
Action:
•
Reselect the frequency value.
•
If the alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace the RX module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 7 - <RX TCXO Synth>alarm
Alarm message:
RX TCXO Synth.
Alarm information:
Event type:
Operating failure
Impact:
No RX operating
Failure location:
RX module
Alarm description:
The TCXO used as RX synthesizer reference is unlocked
Additional information:
None.
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment.
•
Replace the RX module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 8 - <RX Gain AD> alarm
Alarm message:
RX Gain AD
Alarm information:
Event type:
Hardware failure
Impact:
No RX operating
Failure location:
RX module
Alarm description:
The read RX output samples are out of conversion range.
Additional information:
None.
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment.
•
Replace the RX module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 9 - <RX Link Error> alarm
Alarm message:
RX Link Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Hardware failure
Impact:
No RX operating
Failure location:
RX module
Alarm description:
A failure occurred on RX phisical link.
Additional information:
This alarm could come together to <ALB Link Error> and
<BB Link Error > alarms. In this case the failure can be due
to a defective module (RX, BB, or ALB-S).
Action
•
•
If alarm comes together to <ALB Link Error> and <BB
Link Error > alarms, check if one of RX, BB, or ALB-S
units are extracted and eventually re-insert them.
9
If alarm is still present extract the BB module.
9
If alarm disappears replace the BB module.
9
If alarm is still present re-insert the BB module and
extract the RX module.
9
If <ALB Link Error> and <BB Link Error > alarms
disappear replace RX module.
9
If <ALB Link Error > and <BB Link Error> alarms are
still present replace the ALB-S card.
If alarm comes alone switch off the equipment.
9
•
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Replace RX module.
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 10 - <RX Configuration> alarm
Alarm message:
RX Configuration
Alarm information:
Event type:
Software failure
Impact:
No RX operating
Failure location:
RX module
Alarm description:
The RX module configuration has failed.
Additional information:
At start up the configuration data must be transferred from
IMC card to BB and RX modules. During this operation the
<Configuration> alarms related to various modules could be
present.
If the alarm is still present after this data transfer the module
could be defected.
Action
•
If <IMC Config> is present make the "Factory reset"
operation.
9
If the alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
9
Replace the RX module.
9
Re-start the equipment.
• If <IMC Config> is not present make the "Warm reset"
operation.
128
9
If the alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
9
Replace the RX module.
9
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 11 - <RX Loader> alarm
Alarm message:
RX Loader
Alarm information:
Event type:
Software failure
Impact:
No RX operating
Failure location:
RX module
Alarm description:
Bad result in CRC computation on the RX module software
application
Additional information:
This alarm usually comes as result of a failed booting of the
module, or corruption of data within the module flash.
Action:
•
Shut down the equipment.
•
Execute the Start-up procedure.
•
If the alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace the RX module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 12 - <RX Comm. Error> alarm
Alarm message:
RX Comm. Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Communication failure
Impact:
No RX operating
Failure location:
RX module
Alarm description:
A failure has been detected on RCB data line.
Additional information:
This alarm could come together to <ALB Comm. Error> and
<BB Comm. Error> alarms. In this case the failure can be
due to IMC card (firmware error or defective IMC) or to BB
module.
Action:
•
•
•
130
If alarm comes together to <ALB Comm. Error> and <BB
Comm. Error> check if the IMC card is extracted and
eventually re-insert it.
9
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
9
Replace IMC module.
9
Re-start the equipment.
If after previous actions the alarm is still present or alarm
comes together to <ALB Comm. Error> check if the BB
module is extracted and eventually re-insert it.
9
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
9
Replace BB module.
9
Re-start the equipment.
If <ALB Comm. Error> and <BB Comm. Error> alarms
are not present check if the RX module is extracted and
eventually re-insert it.
9
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
9
Replace RX module.
9
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 13 - <RX Basel. Error> alarm
Alarm message:
RX Basel. Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Misalignment failure
Impact:
None
Failure location:
RX module
Alarm description:
This alarm is active when the baseline figures of the RX
module do not match with the SW Baseline installed
onboard.
Additional information:
This alarm may be due to a wrong baseline of RX module or
to wrong baseline of the radio equipment.
Action:
•
By the LMT verify the baseline info.
•
If the RX module has a wrong baseline, download the
right baseline in to the module.
•
Else the radio equipment has a wrong baseline figures
Update the Baseline Indexes.
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Output message # 14 - <BB TCXO Synth> alarm
Alarm message:
BB TCXO Synth
Alarm information:
Event type:
Hardware failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
BB module
Alarm description:
A failure occurred on PLL lock detector
Additional information:
The PLL located in the BB module provides the master clock
for other modules. If the master clock is not correct, the data
transmitted or received are not valid.
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment.
•
Replace BB module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 15 - <BB DSP RX Error> alarm
Alarm message:
BB DSP RX Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Software failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
BB module
Alarm description:
Data in the DSP-RX are not valid
Additional information:
None.
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment and re-start it.
•
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace BB module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 16 - <BB RAM Error> alarm
Alarm message:
BB RAM Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Hardware failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
BB module
Alarm description:
Data in the RAM are not valid
Additional information:
None.
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment.
•
Replace BB module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 17 - <BB FPGA Error> alarm
Alarm message:
BB FPGA Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Software failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
BB module
Alarm description:
Data in the FPGA are not valid
Additional information:
None.
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment and re-start it.
•
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace BB module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 18 - <BB Power Supply> alarm
Alarm message:
BB Power Supply.
Alarm information:
Event type:
Operating failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
BB module or PS module
Alarm description:
Internal power failure into BB module
Additional information:
This alarm is generated for an internal power failure into BB
module or into PS module.
If failure is due to PS module this alarm usually comes
together with <RX Power Supply> alarm.
Action:
If <PS DC_M Fail> or <PS DC_B Fail> alarm is present refer
to relative table, else:
136
•
Switch off the equipment.
•
Replace the BB module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 19 - <BB Link Error> alarm
Alarm message:
BB Link Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Hardware failure
Impact:
No BB operating
Failure location:
BB module
Alarm description:
A failure occurred on BB phisical link.
Additional information:
This alarm could come together to <ALB Link Error> and
<RX Link Error > alarms. In this case the failure can be due
to a defective module (RX, BB or ALB-S).
Action
•
•
If alarm comes together to <ALB Link Error> and <RX
Link Error> alarms, check if one of RX, BB or ALB-S
units are extracted and eventually re-insert them.
9
If alarm is still present extract the RX module.
9
If alarm disappears replace the RX module.
9
If alarm is still present re-insert the RX module and
extract BB module.
9
If <ALB Link Error> and <RX Link Error > alarms
disappear replace BB module.
9
If <ALB Link Error> and <BB Link Error > alarms are
still present replace the ALB-S card.
If alarm comes alone switch off the equipment.
9
•
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Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 20 - <BB GNSS Error> alarm
Alarm message:
BB GNSS Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Operating failure
Impact:
No BB operating
Failure location:
BB module
Alarm description:
The external 10Mhz clock source is not received from the BB
module.
Additional information:
This alarm could be due to a lost of external clock source, or
to a defective BB module.
Action
•
Switch off the equipment.
•
Check whether the external 10 MHz clock source is
operating properly, or the the clock connection cabling is
not damaged.
•
If external 10 MHz clock source is not working correctly,
set the internal clock by LMT105.
•
If the external 10 MHz clock source is operating properly,
remove the BB module.
•
Replace the BB module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
105
The frequency accuracy is 1 ppm when internal clock is selected.
138
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Output message # 21 - <BB Configuration> alarm
Alarm message:
BB Configuration
Alarm information:
Event type:
Software failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
BB module
Alarm description:
The BB module configuration has failed.
Additional information:
At start up the configuration data must be transferred from
IMC card to BB and RX modules. During this operation the
<Configuration> alarms, related to various modules, could be
present.
If the alarm is still present after this data transfer the module
could be defected.
Action:
• If <IMC Config> is present make the "Factory reset"
operation.
9
If the alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
9
Replace the BB module.
9
Re-start the equipment.
• If <IMC Config> is not present make the "Warm reset"
operation.
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If the alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
9
Replace the BB module.
9
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 22 - <BB Loader> alarm
Alarm message:
BB Loader
Alarm information:
Event type:
Software failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
BB module
Alarm description:
Bad result in CRC computation on the BB module software
application.
Additional information:
This alarm usually comes as result of a failed booting of the
module, or corruption of data within the module flash.
Action:
•
Shut down the equipment.
•
Execute the Start-up procedure.
•
If the alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace the BB module.
•
Re-start the equipment.
140
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Output message # 23 - <BB Comm. Error> alarm
Alarm message:
BB Comm. Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Communication failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
BB module
Alarm description:
A failure has been detected on RCB data line, or the BB
module has been extracted.
Additional information:
This alarm could come together to <RX Comm. Error> alarm.
In this case the failure can be due to IMC card (firmware
error or defective IMC) or to BB module.
Action:
•
•
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If alarm comes together to <RX Comm. Error> alarm
check if the IMC card is extracted and eventually
re-insert it.
9
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
9
Replace IMC module.
9
Re-start the equipment.
If <RX Comm. Error> alarm is not present check if the
BB module is extracted and eventually re-insert it.
9
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
9
Replace BB module.
9
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 24 - <BB Basel. Error> alarm
Alarm message:
BB Basel. Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Misalignment failure
Impact:
None
Failure location:
BB module
Alarm description:
This alarm is active when the baseline figures of the BB
module do not match with the SW Baseline installed
onboard.
Additional information:
This alarm may be due to a wrong baseline of BB module or
to wrong baseline of the radio equipment.
Action:
•
By the LMT verify the baseline info.
•
If the BB module has a wrong baseline, download the
right baseline in to the module.
•
Else the radio equipment has a wrong baseline figures
Update the Basel. Error Indexes.
142
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Output message # 25 - <IMC Data Flash> alarm
Alarm message:
IMC Data Flash
Alarm information:
Event type:
Software failure
Impact:
Loss of the equipment service
Failure location:
IMC card
Alarm description:
Data in the Flash memory are not valid.
Additional information:
None.
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment and re-start it.
•
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace IMC card.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 26 - <IMC FPGA Error> alarm
Alarm message:
IMC FPGA Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Software failure
Impact:
Loss of the equipment service
Failure location:
IMC card
Alarm description:
Data in the FPGA are not valid
Additional information:
None.
Action
•
Switch off the equipment and re-start it.
•
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace IMC card.
•
Re-start the equipment.
144
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Output message # 27 - <IMC RAM Error> alarm
Alarm message:
IMC RAM Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Software failure
Impact:
Loss of the equipment service
Failure location:
IMC card
Alarm description:
Data in the RAM are not valid
Additional information:
None.
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment.
•
Replace IMC card.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 28 - <IMC Config> alarm
Alarm message:
IMC Config
Alarm information:
Event type:
Software failure
Impact:
Loss of the equipment service
Failure location:
IMC module
Alarm description:
The IMC card configuration has failed.
Additional information:
At setting-up phase the configuration data from remote must
be transferred to IMC card. During this operation this alarm
could be present.
If the alarm is still present after this data transfer the module
could be defected.
Action:
146
•
Perform the "Factory reset" operation.
•
If the alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace the IMC card.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 29 - <IMC RS485 Addr.> alarm
Alarm message:
IMC RS485 Addr.
Alarm information:
Event type:
Misalignment failure
Impact:
Equipment in alarm state
Failure location:
IMC card
Alarm description:
The DIAG 485 ID is set as UNASSIGNED (numerical value
255)106.
Additional information:
Although the equipment is in alarm state, main operating
functions are still available (RX still operating).
Action:
•
Set the DIAG485 parameter to the correct address
value, operating by control panel or by the TEST port
(e.g. by LMT), once in OFF-Line condition.
•
If the alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace the IMC card.
•
Re-start the equipment.
106
The DIAG 485 ID is not relevant when the equipment is not connceted to an external front-end device belonging to
RCMS, or connceted to a remote control unit DRC100. Nevertheless, when this parameter is set as UNASSIGNED, the
relevant alarm warns about the misalignment.
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Output message # 30 - <IMC Basel. Error> alarm
Alarm message:
IMC Basel. Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Misalignment failure
Impact:
None
Failure location:
IMC module
Alarm description:
This alarm is active when the baseline figures of the IMC
module do not match with the SW Baseline installed
onboard.
Additional information:
This alarm may be due to a wrong baseline of IMC module or
to wrong baseline of the radio equipment.
Action:
•
By the LMT verify the baseline info.
•
If the IMC module has a wrong baseline, download the
right baseline in to the module.
•
Else the radio equipment has a wrong baseline figures
Update the Baseline Indexes.
148
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Output message # 31 - <ALB DSP Error> alarm
Alarm message:
ALB DSP Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Software failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
ALB card
Alarm description:
Data in the DSP are not valid
Additional information:
None.
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment and re-start it.
•
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace ALB card.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 32 - <ALB RAM Error> alarm
Alarm message:
ALB RAM Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Hardware failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
ALB card
Alarm description:
Data in the RAM are not valid
Additional information:
None.
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment.
•
Replace ALB card.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 33 - <ALB FPGA Error> alarm
Alarm message:
ALB FPGA Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Software failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
ALB card
Alarm description:
Data in the FPGA are not valid
Additional information:
None.
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment and re-start it.
•
If alarm is still present switch OFF the equipment.
•
Replace ALB card.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 34 - <ALB DC/DC Error> alarm
Alarm message:
ALB DC/DC Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Hardware failure
Impact:
No TX operating
Failure location:
ALB card
Alarm description:
A failure occurred on the ALB DC/DC converter, used for E
line107 powering.
Additional information:
When the E line is powered by the equipment, the DC/DC
converter failure results in no detection of the E signaling.
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment and re-start it.
•
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace ALB card.
•
Re-start the equipment.
107
Used to achieve the receiver muting function.
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Output message # 35 - <ALB EPROM Error> alarm
Alarm message:
ALB EPROM Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Software failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
ALB-S card
Alarm description:
Data in the EEPROM are not valid
Additional information:
None
Action:
•
Switch off the equipment and re-start it.
•
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace ALB-S card.
•
Re-start the equipment..
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Output message # 36 - <ALB Link Error> alarm
Alarm message:
ALB Link Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Hardware failure
Impact:
No ALB-S operating
Failure location:
ALB-S card
Alarm description:
A failure occurred on ALB-S physical link.
Additional information:
This alarm could come together to <BB Link Error> and <RX
Link Error > alarms. In this case the failure can be due to a
defective module (RX, BB or ALB-S).
Action
•
•
If alarm comes together to <BB Link Error> and <RX
Link Error> alarms, check if one of RX, BB or ALB-S
units are extracted and eventually re-insert them.
9
If alarm is still present extract the RX module.
9
If alarm disappears replace the RX module.
9
If alarm is still present re-insert the RX module and
extract the BB module.
9
If alarm disappears replace the BB module
9
If alarm is still present re-insert the BB module and
replace ALB-S card.
If alarm comes alone switch OFF the equipment.
9
•
154
Replace ALB-S module.
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 37 - <ALB Config> alarm
Alarm message:
ALB Config
Alarm information:
Event type:
Software failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
ALB card
Alarm description:
The BB module configuration has failed.
Additional information:
At start up the configuration data must be transferred from
IMC card to ALB, BB and RX modules. During this operation
the <Configuration> alarms, related to various modules,
could be present.
If the alarm is still present after this data transfer the module
could be defected.
Action:
•
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If <IMC Config> is present make the "Factory reset"
operation.
9
If the alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
9
Replace the ALB card.
9
Re-start the equipment.
If <IMC Config> is not present make the "Warm reset"
operation.
9
If the alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
9
Replace the ALB card.
9
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 38 - <ALB Loader> alarm
Alarm message:
ALB Loader
Alarm information:
Event type:
Software failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
ALB-S card
Alarm description:
Bad result in CRC computation on the ALB-S card software
application.
Additional information:
This alarm usually comes as result of a failed booting of the
module, or corruption of data within the module flash.
Action:
•
Shut down the equipment.
•
Execute the Start-up procedure.
•
If the alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
•
Replace the ALB-S card.
•
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 39 - <ALB Comm. Error> alarm
Alarm message:
ALB Comm. Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Communication failure
Impact:
Loss of equipment service
Failure location:
ALB-S card
Alarm description:
A failure has been detected on RCB data line.
Additional information:
This alarm could come together to <BB Comm. Error> and
<RX Comm. Error> alarms. In this case the failure can be
due to IMC card (firmware error or defective IMC) or to BB
module.
Action:
•
•
•
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If alarm comes together to <RX Comm. Error> and <BB
Comm. Error> check if the IMC card is extracted and
eventually re-insert it.
9
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
9
Replace IMC module.
9
Re-start the equipment.
If after previous actions the alarm is still present or alarm
comes together to <RX Comm. Error> check if the BB
module is extracted and eventually re-insert it.
9
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
9
Replace BB module.
9
Re-start the equipment.
If <RX Comm. Error> and <BB Comm. Error> alarms are
not present check if the ALB-S card is extracted and
eventually re-insert it.
9
If alarm is still present switch off the equipment.
9
Replace ALB-S card.
9
Re-start the equipment.
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Output message # 40 - <ALB Basel. Error> alarm
Alarm message:
ALB Basel. Error
Alarm information:
Event type:
Misalignment failure
Impact:
None
Failure location:
ALB module
Alarm description:
This alarm is active when the baseline figures of the ALB
module do not match with the SW Baseline installed
onboard.
Additional information:
This alarm may be due to a wrong baseline of ALB module
or to wrong baseline of the radio equipment.
Action:
•
By the LMT verify the baseline info.
•
If the ALB module has a wrong baseline, download the
right baseline in to the module.
•
Else the radio equipment has a wrong baseline figures
Update the Baseline Indexes.
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6. MODIFICATION INSTRUCTION
This section gives the necessary instructions for performing hardware and software
modifications and upgrade of the equipment.
6.1
HARDWARE UPGRADE
Here below the description of hardware upgrade actions.
6.1.1
Upgrading to ALB-S
The equipment can be upgraded by replacing the ALB-M card with ALB-S card.
This card allows for supporting integrated main/standby solutions, handling of squelch In-band
tone signaling, handling of in-band FSK modem for low-speed O&M data channel, together with
other additional features.
Operator must follow these guidelines:
• Remove the old ALB-M card from the equipment, by following the instructions for card
replacing given in the section § 5 - Maintenance.
• Place the new ALB-S card into the the equipment, by following the instructions for card
replacing given in the section § 5 - Maintenance.
• Connect the LMT to the equipment and login.
• By the LMT, perform the equipment shelf reconfiguration.
documentation for further details.
Please refer to LMT
• By the LMT, set the relevant parameters for ALB-S (e.g. AF lines configuration, In-band tone
signaling, etc). Please refer to LMT documentation for further details.
• Logout LMT to permanently store any previous setting.
6.2
SOFTWARE UPGRADE
Software upgrade of the equipment is possible by using LMT.
documentation for further details.
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7 - INSTALLATION AND SETTING-UP
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7. INSTALLATION AND SETTING-UP
The purpose of this section is to provide to technical staff information and references required
for the on-site installation and setting-up of the equipment.
A list of the minimum requirements of the surrounding environment in order to proceed with
installation is given, together with detailed instructions about the mechanical fitting. Full pin
function of the interface connectors is then listed, as well as hints about RF and signal cabling to
be arranged.
Concerning setting-up, the procedure to set-up and align the equipment is given, together with a
list of recommended instrument and testing tools. This also includes hints about some
validation tests to be carried on for ancillary devices (e.g. radiating system), as well as useful
information such as conversion tables, etc.
WARNING
7.1
Installation and setting-up are intended to be carried out by qualified
technical personnel only.
DRR100V VARIANT
Since the DRR100V is composed by two identical and independent receiver sections, the
installation and setting-up procedure should be repeated for the two sections.
Although installation requirements and cabling aspects are identical for the two sections,
differences may arise especially concerning the setting-up (e.g. different receiver section
configuration, etc).
In example, a DRR100V can be used to operate main/standby receiver pair on the same
operating frequency, in this case the two independent receiver sections shall be configured as
Main and Standby radio sets, etc.
Please refer to the information given in the text and/or footnotes, when differences arise
between DR100V and DRR100V.
7.2
RECOMMENDATIONS
Before to start any installation activity operator should acknowledge the following
recommendations.
•
•
•
•
All installation activities must be performed in full respect of national regulations in effect.
Installation must be performed as detailed in this handbook. Unauthorized changing from
the given recommendations can result in poor installation quality. In such cases; the
responsibility is charged to the subject that has caused, or authorized, the changing.
When dealing with heavy weights, at least another person must assist operator.
Before to proceed with the installation of the equipment, check that the relevant auxiliary
systems (such as grounding system, AC and DC power switchboard, protections and
distribution, etc), are installed and serviceable.
Personal injury and/or property damage may result by violation of these rules.
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7.3
MINIMUM INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
The following chapters detail the minimum requirements to proceed with the installation of the
equipment. If the selected installation environment should not satisfy these minimum
requirements, relevant corrective actions must be performed.
WARNING
7.3.1
Please note that SELEX Communications disclaims any responsibility for
problems due to equipment operation out of the stated environmental
conditions, as well as damages to equipment caused by non-observance
of the given installation indications.
Environmental
The equipment is designed for indoor installation only. Equipment room must allow the
equipment to operate within the rated environmental range limits.
In addition, it is important to note that the operating environment must be safe wrt the following
agents:
• Water floods. In environment potentially subject to flooding, the equipment should not be
placed on the cabinet bottom, if not protected against water access.
• Dust. It is important to take all the necessary cares to avoid dust presence inside the
surrounding environment. Sites located close to excessive airborne dust clouds (e.g. due to
cement, coal, etc) require additional cares in order to avoid contamination of the cooling
system and increased maintenance.
• Rodents. Especially whenever false (floating) floor is present, rodents may attempt to cabling
safety.
• Acids or other corrosive agents.
Especially whenever UPS system provided with
rechargeable acid-type batteries are present inside the equipment room, acid or corrosive
volatile substances may attempt to equipment integrity.
• Saline environments. Saline environments may result dangerous for equipment integrity,
with special reference to cabling and connections. Installation on coastal sites should not be
face directly prevailing sea winds or sprays, e.g. caused by windows opening.
7.3.2
Mechanical
The equipment is designed to match 19" rack-standard cabinets, and require a useful cabinet
depth of more than 350 mm. In addition, space for power, signal and data cabling arrangement
should be taken in account on the rear side of the equipment. The cabinet must be accessible
from rear side (e.g. provided with rear door), to allow access to controls for setting-up
maintenance.
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7.3.3
Power and grounding
Concerning power and grounding safety aspects, the installation must be realized in compliance
with national applied regulation and standard. The equipment installation category is II in
accordance with IEC664, this recommendation is also applied to the backup DC power supply
input.
It is important to note that the equipment is provided with a mechanical grounding point that
must be connected with the equipment room grounding bar via a dedicated cable with
resistance lower than 0.1 ohm, according to EN 60950. An AWG 10 (or 5 mm2) copper
conductor is recommended.
7.3.4
Supply lines protections
Concerning external AC supply line, it is important to note that a magneto-thermal and
differential circuit breaker must be installed for protection, allowing for both phases breaking
(live and neutral).
Breaker must have 2A/250V nominal current and voltage figures, and breaking intervention
must be in the range 6 to 10 A. Differential intervention threshold must be 20 mA.
If the equipment is powered through a power switchboard, the breaker may be conveniently
arranged within the switchboard, also providing selective ON/OFF switching.
In any case the protection device/system must be in full respect of requirements stated by
national applied regulation and standard.
WARNING
The PS module does not fully disconnect the equipment from both AC
and DC sources, even when its switches are in OFF position. PS module
should be removed from the equipment only once that the external
breaker has been switched OFF, or external DC supply has been
disconnected.
Backup DC supply line does not require mandatory external protection, in any case the use of
an external 3.15 A fast-acting fuse on the positive pole may be useful for further protection on
the DC distribution system, e.g. against accidental shorting.
According to the minimum DC operating voltage, cabling must be sized to handle max. 2.1 A
current. Therefore a pair of AWG 16 (or 1 mm2) cables should be used; it is recommended to
use AWG 14 (or 2 mm2) when length exceeds 15 meters, to not introduce significant voltage
drop. Cables must be terminated at the equipment end with specific AWG 14 or AWG 16
crimped-plug terminals.
If the equipment is DC-powered by external battery pack, the use of an external 3.15 A fastacting fuse on the positive pole, together with a circuit switching breaker, is mandatory, in order
to allow safe battery replacing and maintenance without disconnecting cabling. The battery
should possibly be placed in a different environment than the equipment; this environment must
be aerated, and battery poles must be protected wrt accidental contacts.
WARNING
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In no case, any of the equipment protecting fuses must be replaced with
fuses of different type, nominal figures and/or different operating
characteristics.
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7.3.5
RF lines protections
The equipment must be connected to an external radiating system, which is usually located onto
a tower or mast structure. Tower or mast must be grounded in accordance with national
regulations in effect. Concerning the indoor/outdoor arrangement of the RF cabling, and
recommendation for proper antenna and/or feeder installation, refer to respective handbooks
and installation sheets.
A specific anti-lightning system should be installed on the tower or mast structure, unless
protection is provided by an already existing system. Although most of the market-available
antennas are grounded design (static buildup prevention), further anti-lightning protection is
strongly recommended. This should be based on an anti-lightning system providing protection
onto radiating tower or mast structure, realized in accordance to IEC 61024-1, IEC 61024-1-1
and IEC 61024-1-2, and should be connected to a separate grounding rod.
It is also possible to increase safety degree with surge protection on coaxial transmission lines,
such as gas-tube surge-arresting devices located immediately before the building entry.
7.3.6
AF and data lines protections
Concerning AF and data lines protection, it is important to note that the TELCO port, carrying
audio frequency lines and signaling, is compliant with EN 60950-1. It therefore does not require
additional protection for common and differential surges.
Other data lines that must be routed outdoor, outside the buildings, must be protected in
accordance to EN 60950-1 (section 6.2.2.1).
The protection circuit shall have the following characteristics and layout:
primary protection
gas discharge suppressor
9
DC spark-over voltage: 230V
9
Impulse discharge current (10/350 us): 5 kA
9
Capacitance @1MHz: < 1.5 pF
secondary protection
current limitation and Transient Voltage Suppressor
9
5 Ohm 1/2W resistors
9
Breakdown voltage: 12V
9
Power capability: 1500W (10/1000 us)
9
Response time: 5 ns bidirectional
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9
Capacitance @1MHz < 2 nF
Such kinds of protection are generally also available in for terminal block version.
These protections are not required if the cablings are not routed outdoor.
7.3.7
Ancillary devices requirements
Concerning ancillaries such as filtering devices (cavity filters, multicouplers, etc), or antennas, or
external controller units, it is strongly recommended to use only SELEX Communications
approved products.
In several types of installation, it may be necessary to use external existing devices such as
VCSS, radiating system, modems, UPS, microwave radio link, etc. Please note that these
devices must respect relevant national regulations in effect, concerning their performance,
safety degree, and quality and type of installation, and any other aspect that can be subjected to
national rules.
WARNING
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Under no circumstances SELEX Communications may result responsible
for any personnel injury or property damage due to the interfacing of the
equipment with devices not satisfying national regulations in effect.
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7.4
MECHANICAL INSTALLATION
The equipment is designed to be installed only into a 19" standard cabinet. No desktop use of
the equipment is foreseen. Following chapters detail the guidelines for the mechanical
installation within a 19" cabinet, together with additional information about equipment handling.
7.4.1
Installation tools and hardware
Tools and mechanical hardware required for the installation are listed in the following table.
Table 7.1 - Installation tools and hardware list
Item description
WARNING
7.4.2
Type
Phillips screw-driver
Suitable for M6 screws
4 inox M6x12 screws
P/N 61530-27/128
4 plastic glass shaped washers
P/N 61170-51/010
Protection gloves
Any
When handling the equipment operators must use protection gloves.
Transportation at the site
Although the equipment shipping is provided with internal shock-absorbing material, it is
necessary to pay attention in its handling during transportation, and then once that it has been
unpacked. Heavy mechanical stress (e.g. due to strong ground impact) may result in internal
parts misalignment, causing loss of performance.
7.4.3
Unpacking
Unpacking should be done in a clean and safe environment close to installation site. Once
unpacking is completed, the installation staff is recommended to take care of the shipping box,
as well as the shock absorbing material. These may be used for re-shipment of the equipment
for maintenance purposes. Unless different customer specifications, the shipping box contains
only the equipment itself. Any eventual ancillary device is packed separately.
WARNING
170
When handling the equipment after unpacking be sure that all internal
modules and cards are safely screwed in their position into the chassis.
Do not position the equipment standing on its rear side, since this can
damage rear panel parts.
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7.4.4
Rack fitting
Required vertical space is 3 HE. Chosen cabinet should be provided with fixed side guides able
to support the equipment weight and square-holed vertical supports with M6 captive nuts to fix
the holding brackets of the front panel. To cover the metal fitting bracket, the equipment is
provided with two matt-black cover plates.
The equipment must be introduced from the cabinet front side, and then fixed by means of 4
inox M6x12 screws, using 4 plastic glass shaped washers, or cup washers, to protect cover
plates. Following figure shows detail of the rack fitting (not to scale, cover plates not shown).
Figure 7.1 - Installation into standard rack
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7.5
DISPOSAL
When the equipment has completed its useful life cycle, and is to be withdrawn from service,
special precautions must be taken during the dismantling and disposal operation. Care must be
taken to observe national legislation and/or local regulations for health, safety and the
environment in force in the country of disposal.
The owner is responsible for safe disconnection from supplies, cabling and services before
handing over to an approved or registered disposal contractor, or agent.
It should be stipulated to the disposal contractor or agent that the equipment or product is for
disposal and not for re-use. The nature of any hazards, or hazardous materials contained in the
equipment, must be notified in writing to the contractor or agent undertaking dismantling and
disposal of this equipment or product. These hazards may include:
•
Heavy weight of the equipment
•
Flammable materials
•
Potentially harmful, corrosive or toxic substances.
In case of waste disposal, recyclable items may be disposed in accordance to national
legislation and/or local regulations for health, safety and the environment in force in the relevant
country.
For the dismantling of large antenna, feeders, and mast installations (and their related fitting
hardware and/or basement), it is recommended that advice on the method and sequence of
dismantling be obtained from a qualified structural or civil engineer.
7.5.1
Disposal for re-use
If the equipment or product is sold for re-use, the new owner should recognise any relevant
responsibilities for health, product safety and the environment under national legislation and/or
local regulations in the country in which it is to be used.
It is essential that the owner provides to the intending purchaser a copy of this technical
handbook, containing instructions for safe operation and the identification of potential hazards.
WARNING
172
SELEX Communications disclaims all liability for the equipment on its
transfer to the disposal contractor or agent or to a new user/owner.
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7.6
INTERFACE CONNECTORS
The interface connectors to external to be used at installation are located on the equipment rear
side, since connectors located on the front panel are intended only for local use of the
equipment and/or service. Following chapters details pin function of each connector.
7.6.1
Signal and data (ALB-M version)
Signal and data connections are located on the rear left side of the equipment as shown in the
following figure.
Figure 7.2 - Signal and data connections
TELCO connector. This is a 8-pin RJ45 keyed socket, used to connect the AF input/output lines
(e.g. towards VCSS), together with squelch signaling. This port is also suitable to connect the
equipment to an external ACARS modem for use in AM-DATA mode. AF input and output
circuits are designed to interface balanced lines, with 600 ohm nominal impedance. The LED
indicators may be used as monitoring of E&M signaling activity.
Table 7.2 - TELCO connector pin function
Pin
Signal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
MM+
AF RX +
AF RX AF TX +
AF TX E+
E-
Function (AM-DSB)
Squelch signaling to external
Squelch signaling to external
RX AF balanced audio output
RX AF balanced audio output
Not used
Not used
PTT signaling from external108
PTT signaling from external
Function (AM-DATA)
Squelch signaling to ACARS modem
Squelch signaling to ACARS modem
FSK output to ACARS modem
FSK output to ACARS modem
Not used
Not used
PTT command from ACARS modem109
PTT command from ACARS modem
108
Although the DR100 does not use the E signaling to activate a "carrier on" internal command (no transmitter section
is present within the equipment), the wiring of the PTT command may be used to achieve the muting function; refer to
the relevant chapter within this section.
109
See above note.
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DIAG connector. This is a 8-pin RJ45 socket, used to connect the RS485 serial data line
towards local controller device.
Table 7.3 - DIAG connector pin function
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Signal
N.C.
N.C.
GND
RS485 +
RS485 GND
RS485 4W +
RS485 4W -
Function
Ground
RS485 O&M data to/from external controller
RS485 O&M data to/from external controller
Ground
RS485 O&M data to/from external controller used
only in case of 4W radio configuration
RS485 O&M data to/from external controller used
only in case of 4W radio configuration
DATA connector. This is a 8-pin RJ45 socket. When operating AM-DSB modes, this port
allows for data link between a main and a standby unit to support changeover features, it may
be therefore connected with the DATA port of the other unit composing the main/standby
couple110. When operating VDL modes, it allows for data interfacing to an external ground
station controller device (ground station controller to handle upper protocol layers).
Table 7.4 - DATA connector pin function
Pin
Signal
Function (AM-DSB)
Function (VDL)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
GND
RS232 TX
GND
RS232 RX
GND
RTS
GND
CTS
Ground
RS232 TX data to other device
Ground
RS232 RX data from other device
Ground
RTS signal to other device
Ground
CTS signal from other device
Ground
RS232 TX data to controller
Ground
RS232 RX data from controller
Ground
RTS signal to controller
Ground
CTS signal from controller
CTRL connector. This is a 8-pin RJ45 socket, used for additional input and output controls and
for the summary alarm output. All the input/output signals are handled by optocouplers.
Table 7.5 - CTRL connector pin function
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
174
Signal
N.C.
PTT_resp
PTT_resp_ref
Mute_IN
Mute_IN_ref
Alarm
Alarm_ref
N.C.
Function
Not used in DR100
Not used in DR100
Receiver muting command input (command wire)
Receiver muting command input (return wire)
Summary alarm status output (command wire)
Summary alarm status output (return wire)
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ANT connector. This is a 8-pin RJ45 socket, used to drive an external OTE RFSU100 device
for RF switching. Output signal is handled by optocoupler.
This connector may be also used to enable the Squelch digital Output. The antenna switch
signals (present at pin 4 and pin 5) may be also used to replicate the Squelch signal and in
order to drive other systems according to the squelch status (e.g. SMIR systems).
Table 7.6 - ANT connector pin function
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Signal
+13V5_RFSU
GND
N.C.
SW ANT
SW ANT ref
N.C.
N.C.
GND
Function
+13.5 VDC supply
Ground
External RFSU drive (command, optocoupled)
External RFSU drive (return wire, optocoupled)
Ground
422 connector. This is a 8-pin RJ45 socket, only used in order to perform testing operation.
GPS I/F connector. This is a D-type 9-pin male, used for interfacing an external GPS/GNSS
device to get UTC absolute time reference in VDL 3 and VDL 4 modes111.
Table 7.7 - GPS I/F connector pin function
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Signal
1 pps
GND
N.C.
RS232 TX
RS232 RX
GND
N.C.
N.C.
GND
Function
1 pps reference pulse from external GPS/GNSS (TTL)
Ground
RS232 TX data to external GPS/GNSS
RS232 RX data from external GPS/GNSS
Ground
Ground
110
The specialization of DATA port is according to the equipment operating mode only (e.g. AM-DSB or VDL, etc.), and
is irrespective of what ALB type is fitted in the equipment. Nevertheless, this feature shall be intended mainly for the
ALB-S version, since the changeover feature is available only when ALB-S is fitted.
111
Not available in current release.
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EXT CLOCK input. This is a SMA-type coaxial female, used to get 10 MHz high-precision clock
signal from an external reference, such as high-stability OCXO, or GPS-slaved reference, etc. It
allows for increasing the rated frequency accuracy of the equipment up to the reference one.
Table 7.8 - EXT CLOCK connector pin function
Pin
Signal
Center
Shield
Clock
GND
Function
10 MHz reference (HCMOS-level)
Shield
This port operates with an external HCMOS-level source having following characteristics:
•
Square-wave signal, 0 to 3.3. V, or 0 to 5 V
•
Duty cycle 50% (admitted range 45% to 55%)
Service port. This is a D-type 9-pin female, used for service tasks and audio recording112.
Table 7.9 - Service port pin function
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Signal
+13.5 VDC
RS485 RS485 +
REC OUT REC OUT +
GND
SSV
N.C.
N.C.
Function
+13.5 VDC from PS module113
Extension of RCB bus (service purposes only)
Extension of RCB bus (service purposes only)
Recording balanced audio output
Recording balanced audio output
Ground
Signal Strength Value output
112
Recording output is a 600 ohm balanced line carrying RX audio, having an output of -10 dBm ± 3 dB.
Max. current output 500 mA. This output must be used only to power external accessories recommended by SELEX
Communications, not suitable to power third-part external devices.
113
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7.6.2
Signal and data (ALB-S version)
Connectors belonging to IMC and/or motherboard are common to the version equipped with
ALB-S. Therefore refer to above chapters for details about DATA, CTRL, DIAG, ANT,
SERVICE, 422, GPS I/F and CLOCK EXT ports.
The use of the TELCO connectors of the ALB-S may change in accordance to the equipment
configuration, and to the system architecture. Beside the main/standby scheme for changeover
purposes, main options as following.
• In-band tone signaling, when used, allows for carrying squelch on AF RX balanced line,
therefore in this configuration E and M connections are not required.
• FSK O&M signaling, when used, allows for exchange of O&M data by an FSK modem
operating on the audio balanced lines. Therefore, in this configuration, AF RX line also
carries FSK data related to O&M connection (e.g to the remote controller DRC100). This
feature is managed by primary AF line only.
Signal and data connections are located on the rear side of the equipment as shown in the
following figure.
Figure 7.3 - Signal and data connections
TELCO connectors. These are four 8-pin RJ45 keyed sockets. They are used to connect the
AF input/output lines (e.g. towards VCSS), together with PTT and squelch signaling. The
connection of an external ACARS modem for use in AM-DATA is not foreseen with ALB-S.
A pair is dedicated to the primary (P) AF line, a second pair to the backup (B) AF line. Beside
the DIR connector suitable for the connection to the line, both AF lines feature an auxiliary
connector (SWD –switched) mirroring the DIR connector pins.
The mirrored ports may be used to extend the line connection towards two radio sets; this
allows for a “main/standby” and "primary/backup" changeover configuration where a pair of
radios, on the same operating frequency, may be connected to a couple of 4W E&M lines.
Table 7.10 – Primary line (P-DIR and P-SWD) connectors pin function for DR100V
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Pin
Signal114
Function (AM-DSB)
Notes for In-band tone signaling
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
MM+
AF RX +
AF RX AF TX +
AF TX E+
E-
Squelch signaling to external
Squelch signaling to external
RX AF balanced audio output
RX AF balanced audio output
Not used
Not used
PTT signaling from external115
PTT signaling from external
Not used if In-band tone is selected
Not used if In-band tone is selected
Also carries 2040 Hz SQL In-band tone
Also carries 2040 Hz SQL In-band tone
Not used
Not used
Not used if In-band tone is selected
Not used if In-band tone is selected
114
When FSK O&M signaling option is selected, an FSK modulation is introduced on the AF RX audio path of the
primary AF line, in a reserved part of the audio bandwidth. Therefore, in this configuration, AF RX balanced line also
carries FSK data from remote controller (e.g DRC100) to the equipment.
115
Although the DR100 does not use the E signaling to activate a "carrier on" internal command (no transmitter section
is present within the equipment), the wiring of the PTT command may be used to achieve the muting function; refer to
the relevant chapter within this section.
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Table 7.11 – Backup line (B-DIR and B-SWD) connectors pin function for DTR100
Pin
Signal
Function (AM-DSB)
Notes for In-band tone signaling
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
MM+
AF RX +
AF RX AF TX +
AF TX E+
E-
Squelch signaling to external
Squelch signaling to external
RX AF balanced audio output
RX AF balanced audio output
Not used
Not used
PTT signaling from external116
PTT signaling from external
Not used if In-band tone is selected
Not used if In-band tone is selected
Also carries 2040 Hz SQL In-band tone
Also carries 2040 Hz SQL In-band tone
Not used
Not used
Not used if In-band tone is selected
Not used if In-band tone is selected
7.6.3
Power and grounding
Power and grounding connections are located on the rear side of the equipment as shown in
the following figure.
Figure 7.4 - Power and grounding connections
VDC plug-in. This is the DC supply input connection point, to be used with crimped-plug wires.
AC main. This is an IEC 320 standard socket for AC powering, provided with fuse receptacle.
Use only CE-approved power cord.
GND. This is a M4 screw terminal point for connection of grounding cable located on the
motherboard (not shown).
WARNING
116
The use of a CE-approved power cord is mandatory.
See above note.
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7.6.4
Radio frequency
Radio frequency connections are located on the rear side of the equipment as shown in the
following figure.
Figure 7.5 - Radio frequency connections
RX IN (SMA-female). This port is the RX radiofrequency input.
7.6.5
Radio frequency cabling hints
The equipment must be connected to the radiating system (or filtering device) by means of 50ohm-coaxial RF cabling. Use of low-loss type is highly recommended to minimise global
insertion loss, also depending on cabling length.
Since RF feeders are usually realised by means of rigid high-section cables (e.g. 1/2" or 7/8"
coaxial), it is recommended to use a short flexible RF patch to connect the feeder to the relevant
RF port on the equipment. The flexible RF patch also allows for easy routing within the rack,
nevertheless it must be kept reasonably short in order to not introduce excessive loss.
Cabling must be terminated on equipment end with SMA-male connector.
In any case, use of connecting adaptors (e.g. BNC to N, or TNC to N) must be avoided.
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7.7
SIGNAL AND DATA CONNECTION LAYOUTS
Usually, in AM-DSB applications, the equipment is operated by a VCSS (locally or remotely
located), or in alternative from the OTE remote controller DRC100.
In AM-DATA or VDL applications117 the equipment is operated by an ACARS modem or a
ground station controller respectively, usually co-located.
According to system architecture and equipment configuration, various types of connection
layouts may be arranged. Different layouts are due to:
• Type of used Line Barrier card (ALB-M or ALB-S)
• Number of equipment operating on the same frequency (single equipment, or main/standby)
• Number of AF lines connecting the equipment to VCSS (single line, or primary/backup)
• Signaling interface with VCSS (usually 2 wires out of 4W with In-band-tone signaling
interface, or 2 wires and M signaling out of 4W E&M interface)
• Use of the FSK O&M signaling over the audio path
• AM-DSB, AM-DATA or VDL applications
• Connection to DRC100 remote controller, instead than to VCSS
• Connections for receiver muting managed by related transmitters
Next chapters detail examples of several system typologies, together with simplified connection
layouts.
Given example layouts do not detail RF connection, or connection to auxiliary devices that may
be controlled by the equipment, such as external RF switch, etc. Please refer to the pin
functions of the relevant ports within this section.
117
Not available in current release.
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7.7.1
ALB-M version
The equipment, whether equipped with ALB-M card, provides a standard 4W E&M connection
facility by means of TELCO port118.
Usually, a cabling from this port is routed to a MDF located on site, to be then sent to a remote
VCSS. The following figure shows the connection layout.
Figure 7.6 - Single equipment connection layout (ALB-M)
The above layout does not shows any specific connection for transmitter. Please refer to the
relevant chapter within this section for details about muting wiring.
7.7.2
ALB-S version (single equipment, with In-band tone signaling)
The equipment, whether equipped with ALB-S card, provides 4W E&M connection facility by
means of relevant TELCO ports on ALB-S card rear side119.
Since this card allows for squelch In-band tone signaling, it is also possible to reduce the
number of connection wires to one pair (M wires no longer used), once that the equipment has
been properly configured. This feature allows for connection to a VCSS that is provided with
2040 Hz In-band tone signaling capability.
The TELCO port of the ALB-S used for connection is P (primary AF line). Usually, a cabling
from this port is routed to a MDF located on site, to be then sent to a remote VCSS. The
following figure shows the connection layout.
Figure 7.7 - Single equipment connection layout (ALB-S and In-band tone)
The above layout does not show any specific connection for receiver muting. Please refer to
the relevant chapter within this section for details about muting wiring.
118
119
In DR100 applications, the TX AF balanced line is not used.
In DR100 applications, the TX AF balanced line is not used.
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7.7.3
ALB-S version (main/standby, single AF line)
The equipment, whether equipped with ALB-S card, provides 4W E&M connection facility by
means of relevant TELCO ports on ALB-S card rear side120. ALB-S also provides support to
main/standby configuration, allowing for embedded changeover.
The following figure shows a system configuration where only primary AF line is used. In this
case the main equipment is directly connected to the MDF (P-DIR port), to be then sent to a
remote VCSS. This connection is also routed to the standby equipment via in inter-equipment
cable on P-SWD ports.
Another inter-equipment between DATA port allows for exchanging real-time changeover
information on the dedicated RS232 serial data line.
The cables labelled with a number identifier are then described in the relevant chapter within
this section.
Figure 7.8 - Main/standby connection layout (ALB-S and primary line)
The above layout does not show any specific connection for muting action. Please refer to the
relevant chapter within this section for details about muting wiring.
120
In DR100 applications, the TX AF balanced line is not used.
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7.7.4
ALB-S version (main/standby, primary and backup AF lines)
The equipment, whether equipped with ALB-S card, provides 4W E&M connection facility by
means of relevant TELCO ports on ALB-S card rear side121. ALB-S also provide support to
main/standby configuration, allowing for embedded changeover. The following figure shows a
system configuration where both primary and backup AF lines are used.
In this case the main equipment is directly connected to the primary line on MDF (P-DIR port),
to be then sent to a remote VCSS. This connection is also routed to the standby equipment via
in inter-equipment cable on P-SWD ports.
The standby equipment is directly connected to the backup line on MDF (B-DIR port), to be then
sent to a remote VCSS. This connection is also routed to the main equipment via in interequipment cable on B-SWD ports.
This layout allows both units to be connected to both AF lines, so that it is possible to achieve a
"line-redundancy" layout together with embedded changeover feature.
Another inter-equipment between DATA port allows for exchanging real-time changeover
information on the dedicated RS232 serial data line.
The cables labelled with a number identifier are then described in the relevant chapter within
this section.
Figure 7.9 - Main/standby connection layout (ALB-S, primary and backup lines)
The above layout does not show any specific connection for muting action. Please refer to the
relevant chapter within this section for details about muting wiring.
121
In DR100 applications, the TX AF balanced line is not used.
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7.7.5
ALB-M version (connection to DRC100)
When the equipment is connected to DRC100 remote controller, different connection layouts
are possible.
The following figure shows a system configuration composed by a DR100V equipped with ALBM, directly connected to DRC100 by using the standard 4W E&M connection of TELCO port.
The data connection for equipment control is realized by RS485 link on DIAG port. The
maximum distance between equipment and remote controller shall not exceed 1000 meters, in
order to have proper RS485 link operating.
According to installation solutions, and to the distance between equipment and remote
controller, it may be convenient to route the cabling through suitable MDF (not shown in the
figure).
Figure 7.10 - DR100V - DRC100 connection layout (ALB-M)
In the above diagram, the connection of a single DR100V to a DRC100 is shown, nevertheless
different configuration are possible (main and standby DR100V, separate DT100V and DR100V,
etc). Please refer to DRC100 documentation for further details.
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7.7.6
ALB-S version (connection to DRC100 with In-band tone signaling and FSK)
Whether the DR100 and DRC100 are provided with ALB-S, it is possible to reduce the number
of connection wires to two pairs (E and M wires, RS485 link no longer used), once that the
equipment has been properly configured.
In-band tone capability on both sides allows for carrying PTT and squelch signaling via 2040 Hz
In-band tones onto AF line; while FSK modem allows for arranging O&M data exchange onto
AF line instead than using dedicated RS485 link.
According to installation solutions, and to the distance between equipment and remote
controller, it may be convenient to route the cabling through suitable MDF (not shown in the
figure).
Figure 7.11 - DR100V - DRC100 connection layout (ALB-S with In-band tone and FSK)
In the above diagram, the connection of a single DR100V to a DRC100 is shown, nevertheless
different configuration are possible (main and standby DR100V, separate DT100V and DR100V,
etc). Please refer to DRC100 documentation for further details.
7.7.7
AM-DATA applications
To operate AM-DATA applications, the equipment shall be connected to an ACARS modem,
providing MSK modulation of the incoming data on the transmit path, and MSK demodulation of
the AF aoutput on the receive path. The ACARS modem is then connected to the ACARS
network device (e.g a PC-based local controller), according to its interfacing facilities, e.g.
RS232, Ethernet, etc.
The connection to the ACARS modem takes place through the TELCO port (ALB-M version).
Please refer to the relevant chapter within this section for details about TELCO port pin function;
the cabling is anyway dependant on the pin function on the ACARS modem side. The following
figure shows the connection layout.
Figure 7.12 - AM-DATA connection layout (to ACARS modem)
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7.7.8
VDL 2 applications
To fully operate VDL2 applications, it is necessary that the equipment is equipped with MSIC
card122. When equipped with IMC card, the equipment can anyway be used for VDL2
applications with some restrictions due to the use of an RS232 interface (115.200 kb/s serial
data line, proprietary data transfer protocol).
The connection to an external controller for operating VDL 2 takes place through the IMC DATA
port. Please refer to the relevant chapter within this section for details about IMC DATA port pin
function; the cabling is anyway dependant on the pin function on the controller device side. The
following figure shows the connection layout.
Figure 7.13 - VDL 2 connection layout (to external controller)
7.7.9
VDL 3 and 4 applications
VDL 3 and 4 modes can not be operated in the current release of the equipment.
122
Not available in current release.
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7.7.10
Cabling for muting
The receiver muting function can be achieved by two different layouts.
• Muting function via muting command input on the CTRL connector. This is to be used when
the equipment is installed close to the related transmitter operating on the same frequency,
that is supposed to generate the command signal (e.g within the same rack). This input
activates the receiver muting when the command and the return wire are closed together
(e.g a switch, or electronic switch, on the connected device). In example, if operating
together with a DT100V, the muting input may be conveniently connected to the PTT_RESP
output of DT100V, located on the CTRL connector.
Figure 7.14 - Connections for muting #1
WARNING
This input is not protected according to EN 60950, since it is designed for
very short wiring that do not need protections. To connect to this port a
cabling routed from a remote device, it is necessary to fit externally the
necessary EN 60950-compliant protection devices.
• Muting function via PTT command input on the TELCO port. This is to be used when the
equipment is installed far away from the related transmitter operating on the same
frequency. In this case it is possible to use the E line input of the TELCO port. The DR100V
can manage the PTT signal incoming from E line to generate the internal muting command
to the receiver section. Since TELCO port is EN 60950-compliant, it is not necessary to fit
any external protection device on the E line.
Figure 7.15 - Connections for muting #2
7.7.11
Cabling for voice recording system
DR100 has an independent output for voice recording system at the Service port, the output line
provides the RX audio onto 600 ohm balanced line (-10 dBm nominal output). In alternative, the
relevant recording lines may be connected to the VCSS or the DRC100 remote control unit.
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7.7.12
Cabling for MIRM100
Multi-access Infrastructure and Radio Management (MIRM100) is system allowing a remote
operator to exercise control over a single equipment, or more than one.
MIRM100 layout may change according to the system architecture. In any case, the remote
control takes place through the RS485 DIAG port, that must be connected to a front-end device
which has the task to interface radio sets with MIRM100. MIRM100 front-end is a device
providing connection on a RS485 bus, where up to 14 DR100V/DTR100V/DT100V can be
connected in a multidrop layout, as following example.
Figure 7.16 - MIRM100 connections layout
The use of a MDF is recommended. Type of distribution frame can change according to
installation solution. The following figure gives indication about the wiring of the distribution
frame for the RS485 multidrop controlling three DR100V units. It can be expanded up to 14
DR100 units, by adding the relevant connections on the MDF. Note that the TX+ and RX+
wires, as well as TX- and RX- incoming from the front-end device, must be connected together
on the IDF.
Figure 7.17 - MDF layout for RS485 multidrop connection
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7.8
CABLING
Following figures details the pin function of cables necessary for the various system
connections, in accordance with the above layouts.
Specifically, cables labelled with a number identifier in the previous connection layouts are
herebelow described, and their pin function is detailed.
Since the AF cables carrying audio and signaling are usually routed to MDF, their layout may
change in accordance with different MDF arrangement; these cables are therefore not detailed
in this chapter.
Please refer to the pin functions of the relevant ALB-M and ALB-S ports in order to realize audio
cabling leading to MDF.
Cable 1 - Layout
Location of connector on the equipment
STANDBY DR100V rear side
MAIN DR100V rear side
Cable pin function
J1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
190
Signal (main equipment)
GND
RS232 TX
Not used
RS232 RX
Not used
Not used
GND
Not used
J2
1
4
3
2
5
6
7
8
Signal (standby equipment)
GND
RS232 RX
Not used
RS232 TX
Not used
Not used
GND
Not used
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Cable 2 - Layout
Location of connector on the equipment
MAIN DR100V rear side
STANDBY DR100V rear side
Cable pin function
J1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Signal (main equipment)
MM+
AF RX +
AF RX AF TX + (not used)
AF TX - (not used)
E+
E-
WARNING
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J2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Signal (standby equipment)
MM+
AF RX +
AF RX AF TX + (not used)
AF TX - (not used)
E+
E-
The relevant RJ45 sockets on the ALB-S are keyed, therefore P1 and P2
connectors must be keyed RJ45.
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Cable 3 - Layout
Location of connector on the equipment
STANDBY DR100V rear side
MAIN DR100V rear side
Cable pin function
J1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Signal (main equipment)
MM+
AF RX +
AF RX AF TX + (not used)
AF TX - (not used)
E+
E-
WARNING
192
J2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Signal (standby equipment)
MM+
AF RX +
AF RX AF TX + (not used)
AF TX - (not used)
E+
E-
The relevant RJ45 sockets on the ALB-S are keyed, therefore P1 and P2
connectors must be keyed RJ45.
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Cable 4 - Layout
Location of connector on the equipment
DRC100 rear side
DR100V rear side
Cable pin function
J1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Signal (DR100)
MM+
AF RX +
AF RX AF TX + (not used)
AF TX - (not used)
E+
E-
WARNING
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J2
8
7
5
6
3
4
2
1
Signal (DRC100)
EE+
AF RX
AF RX
AF TX + (not used)
AF TX - (not used)
M+
M-
The relevant RJ45 sockets on the ALB-M and DRC100 are keyed, therefore
P1 and P2 connectors must be keyed RJ45.
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Cable 5 - Layout
Location of connector on the equipment
DR100V rear side
DRC100 rear side
Cable pin function
J1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
194
Signal (DR100)
Not used
Not used
Not used
RS485 +
RS485 Not used
Not used
Not used
J2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Signal (DRC100)
Not used
Not used
Not used
RS485 +
RS485 Not used
Not used
Not used
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Cable 6 - Layout
Location of connector on the equipment
DR100V rear side
DRC100 rear side
Cable pin function
J1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Signal (DR100)
Not used
Not used
AF RX + (In-band tone and FSK)
AF RX - (In-band tone and FSK)
AF TX + (In-band tone and FSK)
AF TX - (In-band tone and FSK)
Not used
Not used
WARNING
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J2
1
2
5
6
3
4
7
8
Signal (DRC100)
Not used
Not used
AF RX + (In-band tone and FSK)
AF RX - (In-band tone and FSK)
AF TX + (In-band tone and FSK)
AF TX - (In-band tone and FSK)
Not used
Not used
Even if not used for AF purposes, the AF TX balanced line must be
connected to the DR100 for correct operating of FSK O&M signaling.
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7.9
SETTING-UP
Following chapters detail necessary information for proper setting-up of the equipment, by
defining a step-by-step procedure. Setting-up is intended as the sequence of alignment and
configuration actions that must be performed by operator in order to put the equipment in
service. This also involves HW setting on AF line interface, once that the desired configuration
has been chosen for the RF input/output ports, as described in the relevant chapters.
7.9.1
E&M line interface settings (ALB-M version)
ALB-M card feature dip-switch banks to match AF line interfacing requirements. Line interfacing
adjustments concern E line and M line settings. To perform the setting, the card must be
previously removed from the equipment rear side. Following figure shows dip-switch bank
position onto the ALB-M card (screening cover removed).
Figure 7.18 - ALB-M dip-switch bank position
WARNING
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Please follow given indications about ESD prevention cares when
handling the card.
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The E (Ear) line, that is an input signal in the E&M standard, in the radio equipments is
associated to PTT signaling from TELCO line. Although the DR100V does not use the E
signaling to activate a "carrier on" internal command (no transmitter section is present within the
equipment), the wiring of the PTT command may be used to achieve the receiver muting
function (in alternative to the muting command input present on the CTRL connector of the rear
panel; refer to the relevant chapter within this section for further details about these
applications). The circuit design is based on a current detector; the line polarization can be
either due to external or internal voltage, as shown in the figure.
Figure 7.19 - E line circuit layout
In the first case, the presence of an external voltage let the current flow in the loop; in the
second configuration ALB-M powers the line and external equipment closes the loop. The
proper configuration can be selected setting switches 1 to 3 of the bank, according to the table
below. When external voltage configuration is used, a voltage from 12 to 48 VDC can be
applied to E leads. Applied polarity can be positive or negative. Contacts 5 to 8 must be set
according to external applied voltage value as from configuration given in table below.
Table 7.12 - E line settings
Dip-Switch SW01
Line feed (INT/EXT)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
INT-(800 Ohm)
ON
ON OFF
X
X
X
OFF OFF
INT-(220 Ohm)
ON
ON OFF
X
X
X
ON OFF
INT-(0 Ohm)
ON
ON OFF
X
X
X
ON
EXT-12V (9 to 18V, 800 Ohm)
OFF OFF ON
X
ON
X
OFF OFF
EXT-12V (9 to 18V, 220 Ohm)
OFF OFF ON
X
ON
X
ON OFF
EXT-12V (9 to 18V, 0 Ohm)
OFF OFF ON
X
ON
X
ON
EXT-24V (18 to 36V)
OFF OFF ON
X
OFF ON OFF OFF
EXT-48V (36 to 60V)
OFF OFF ON
X
OFF OFF OFF OFF
ON
ON
When internal voltage configuration is used, the voltage applied is +12V; in this case switches 5
and 6 of SW01 are not relevant. If using internal voltage configuration, or external voltage with
12V polarization, switches 7 and 8 allow for changing the series resistance of detector123.
Setting ON switch 7 reduces the series resistance of about 70% (from 800 Ohm to 220 Ohm).
Setting ON switches 7 and 8 reduces to zero the series resistance.
123
This setting can be useful when using long cabling having a series resistance not negligible (e.g. a connection of 5
2
Km with AWG24 wire, 0.205 mm section, has (84Ohm/Km x 5Km) x 2 = 840 Ohm series resistance).
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M (Mouth) line, that is an output signal in the E&M standard, in the radio equipment is
associated to squelch signaling towards remote device through the TELCO line. The circuit
design is based on an electronic switch. When activated, M line interface makes a short circuit
on the loop, making current flow124. The line can be interfaced in either "floating" or "common
ground" layout.
Figure 7.20 - M line circuit layout
In the first case both leads of M line are related to voltage potentials of the external equipment,
and are not referred to ALB-M potentials. In the second case, a dedicated wire for return path is
not present, but the current loop is anyway closed through isolated ALB-M ground. In this
configuration, isolated ALB-M ground and external equipment ground reference must be at the
same potential.
Table 7.13 - M line settings
Dip-Switch
Line feed (INT/EXT)
124
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Floating
X
X
X
OFF
X
X
X
X
Common GND
X
X
X
ON
X
X
X
X
The current flow takes place independently from the line polarity. The residual voltage is 2.5 V @ 20 mA.
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7.9.2
E&M line interface settings (ALB-S version)
ALB-S card features two dip-switch banks to match AF line interfacing requirement, one for
primary AF line and the other one for backup AF line. Line interfacing adjustments concern E
line and M line settings. To perform the setting, the card must be previously removed from the
equipment rear side, and the upper sub-card must be unscrewed. Each bank of the pair is
identical to the single-bank that is present onto ALB-M card; please refer to the relevant chapter
for detailed description. Following figure shoes dip-switch banks position onto the card
(screening cover removed).
Figure 7.21 – ALB-S dip-switch configuration
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7.9.3
Setting-up for AM-DSB (ALB-M version)
Since some of the configuration parameters can be managed only by a local terminal device
connected to the TEST interface, and can not edited by the control panel, reference should be
made to the relevant document, e.g. LMT documentation. The following procedure lists the
operating parameters (e.g. frequency, squelch threshold, etc) that must be adjusted according
to system layout requirements. In any case, further non-mandatory adjustments (e.g.
loudspeaker volume, earphone volume, etc) may be done according to user criteria, referring to
section § 3 - Operation. Any setting-up activity must be done only after than installation has
been completed, thus also including the connection to any external device and the alignment of
ancillary devices (filters, radiating system, etc). Setting-up is listed in following procedure.
Table 7.14 - Setting-up procedure for DTR100 (ALB-M version)
Step
Action
Expected result
1
Switch ON and wait for the end of boot.
125
Display shows the default windows.
2
Login
3
Set the equipment OFF Line.
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows OFF Line indication.
4
Set the operating frequency126.
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows new operating frequency.
5
Set the operating mode (e.g. AM-25
kHz or AM-8.33 kHz).
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows new operating mode.
6
Set the equipment RS485 address127.
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows new RS485 address.
7
Set the equipment DIAG485 address128.
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows new DIAG485 address.
8
Set the RX audio output level129.
Once setting is done, control panel
display new RX audio output level.
10
Set the equipment ON Line.
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows ON Line indication.
11
Logout130.
12
13
.
Setting environment menu is active.
Quit the setting environment menu.
By LMT, set the Squelch Mode
132
131
Set the squelch thresholds according
to which Squelch Mode has been set133
This setting is possible only from LMT.
This setting is possible from LMT or from
CP. Once setting is done, control panel
display shows new squelch thresholds.
125
The control panel display browsing is detailed into § 3 - Operation. Please refer to the relevant chapter about how
getting the desired editable parameters.
126
The adjustment of the operating frequency and operating mode must be done in conjunction, refer also to § 3 Operation for details.
127
This parameter is used to assign a specific physical ID address on the DIAG port, within the RS485 multi-drop
connection to an external controller. If no controller for remote O&M activity is present, this setting is not necessary. If
more than a DTR100V are connected on the same multi-drop connection (or DTR100V mixed with DT100V and
DR100V), they must have different physical ID addresses (otherwise the system will not work properly).
128
This parameter is used to assign a specific logical ID address on the DIAG port, within the RS485 multi-drop
connection to an external controller. If no controller for remote O&M activity is present, this setting is not necessary. If
more than a DTR100V are connected on the same multi-drop connection (or DTR100V mixed with DT100V and
DR100V), they must have different logical ID addresses (otherwise the system will not work properly).
129
It operates a gain or attenuation on the RX AF line routed to the VCSS. It must be set according to the nominal AF
level expected by the line, or connected device.
130
Logout is mandatory for permanently storing of the edited parameters.
131
For details on Squelch setting refer to section § - 3.3.3.7.
132
Wrong setting of the squelch threshold may result in no receiving of weak signals.
133
For details on Squelch setting refer to section § - 3.3.3.7.
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Step
Action
the
Expected result
14
By LMT, set
parameters 134
Noise
blanker
15
By LMT, set the squelch hysteresis135.
This setting is possible only from LMT.
16
By LMT, enter the Radio Changeover
parameters setting, and set-up Rack
Type as Standalone136.
This setting is possible only from LMT.
This setting is possible only from LMT.
It is important to note that many of the above parameters do not need to be changed from the
default settings for a correct operating, and therefore some of the above steps may be ignored.
In example, default value of squelch threshold is -103 dBm, while default value of squelch
hysteresis is 4 dB. This values allow for correct operating in standard operating condition, and it
is not necessary to change them.
7.9.4
Setting-up for AM-DSB (ALB-S version)
The ALB-S version differs from the standard ALB-M version for the setting of all the parameters
belonging to ALB-S, or those functions that are available only when ALB-S is fitted. Since many
of the configuration parameters can be managed only by a local terminal device connected to
the TEST interface, and can not edited by the control panel, reference should be made to the
relevant document, e.g. LMT documentation.
Table 7.15 - Setting-up procedure for DTR100 (ALB-S version)
Step
Action
1
Switch ON and wait for the end of boot.
137
Expected result
Display shows the default windows.
2
Login
3
Set the equipment OFF Line.
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows OFF Line indication.
4
Set the operating frequency138.
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows new operating frequency.
5
Set the operating mode (e.g. AM-25
kHz or AM-8.33 kHz).
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows new operating mode.
6
Set the equipment RS485 address139.
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows new RS485 address.
7
Set the equipment DIAG485 address140.
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows new DIAG485 address.
.
Setting environment menu is active.
134
For details on Noise Blanker setting refer to section § - 3.3.3.6.
Wrong setting of the hysteresis figure may result in poor receiver operating, upon receiving weak signals close to
squelch threshold. It is recommended to use the default value.
136
When the equipment is fitted with the ALB-M, it is able to support only the Standalone Rack Type, although selection
of Main and Standby Rack Types is still possible by the LMT. The paired main/standby architecture requires the ALB-S
for handling the AF line(s) routed to both equipment.
137
The control panel display browsing is detailed into § 3 - Operation. Please refer to the relevant chapter about how
getting the desired editable parameters.
138
The adjustment of the operating frequency and operating mode must be done in conjunction, refer also to § 3 Operation for details.
139
This parameter is used to assign a specific physical ID address on the DIAG port, within the RS485 multi-drop
connection to an external controller. If no controller for remote O&M activity is present, this setting is not necessary. If
more than a DTR100 are connected on the same multi-drop connection (or DTR100 mixed with DT100 and DR100),
they must have different physical ID addresses (otherwise the system will not work properly).
135
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Step
Action
Expected result
8
Set the RX audio output level for
primary AF line141.
Once setting is done, control panel
display new RX audio output level.
9
Repeat the above step for backup AF
line (if present).
Once setting is done, control panel
display new RX audio output level.
10
Set the equipment ON Line.
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows ON Line indication.
11
Logout142.
12
Quit the setting environment menu.
By LMT, set the Squelch Mode
143
144
This setting is possible only from LMT.
13
Set the squelch thresholds according
to which Squelch Mode has been set145
This setting is possible from LMT or from
CP. Once setting is done, control panel
display shows new squelch thresholds.
13
By LMT, set
parameters 146
This setting is possible only from LMT.
14
By LMT, set the squelch hysteresis147.
This setting is possible only from LMT.
15
By LMT, enter the Line parameters
setting of the ALB-S, and set up overall
line parameters according to system
requirements (primary and backup AF
lines presence; In-band tone signaling
and/or FSK modem enabling, CM Tone
line control enabling).
This setting is possible only from LMT.
16
By LMT, still in the Line parameters
setting of the ALB-S, adjust the AF Line
Delay if required148.
This setting is possible only from LMT.
17
By LMT, enter the Radio Changeover
parameters setting, and set-up Rack
Type (Main or Standby, whether the
equipment is part of a main/standby
pair; or Standalone in any other case).
This setting is possible only from LMT.
18
Only if In-band tone signaling has
been selected, enter the Line PTT/SQ
parameters setting of the ALB-S and
set-up relevant parameters (amplitude,
detection threshold, etc)149.
This setting is possible only from LMT.
the
Noise
blanker
140
This parameter is used to assign a specific logical ID address on the DIAG port, within the RS485 multi-drop
connection to an external controller. If no controller for remote O&M activity is present, this setting is not necessary. If
more than a DTR100 are connected on the same multi-drop connection (or DTR100 mixed with DT100 and DR100),
they must have different logical ID addresses (otherwise the system will not work properly).
141
It operates a gain or attenuation on the RX AF line routed to the VCSS. It must be set according to the nominal AF
level expected by the line, or connected device.
142
Logout is mandatory for permanently storing of the edited parameters.
143
For details on Squelch setting refer to section § - 3.3.3.7.
144
Wrong setting of the squelch threshold may result in no receiving of weak signals.
145
For details on Squelch setting refer to section § - 3.3.3.7.
146
For details on Noise Blanker setting refer to section § - 3.3.3.6.
147
Wrong setting of the hysteresis figure may result in poor receiver operating, upon receiving weak signals close to
squelch threshold. It is recommended to use the default value.
148
This parameter allows for introducing a delay on the RX audio paths of the AF line up to 500 msecs.
149
Please note that the In-band tone signaling settings are not effective when this function is not enabled by the relevant
command on the LMT Line general parameters setting.
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Step
Action
Expected result
19
Only if FSK modem has been selected,
enter the Line FSK parameters setting
of the ALB-S and set-up relevant
parameters
(amplitude,
detection
threshold, etc) 150.
This setting is possible only from LMT.
20
Only if CM Tone has been selected,
enter the Line CM parameters setting
of the ALB-S and set-up relevant
parameters
(amplitude,
detection
threshold, etc) 151.
This setting is possible only from LMT.
In addition to the above settings, LMT also allows for additional operations, such as manual
overriding of the radio and/or AF line changeover, etc. Refer to LMT documentation for further
details.
It is important to note that many of the above parameters do not need to be changed from the
default settings for a correct operating, and therefore some of the above steps may be ignored.
In example, default value of squelch threshold is -103 dBm, while default value of squelch
hysteresis is 4 dB. This values allow for correct operating in standard operating condition, and it
is not necessary to change them.
7.9.5
Setting-up for AM-DATA mode
AM-DATA applications require the ALB-M version. It is important to note that several setting
parameters (squelch, AF level, etc) require different settings wrt AM-DSB.
Table 7.16 - Setting-up procedure for AM-DATA mode
Step
Action
1
Switch ON and wait for the end of boot.
152
Expected result
Display shows the default windows.
2
Login
3
Set the equipment OFF Line.
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows OFF Line indication.
4
Set the AM-DATA operating mode.
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows new operating mode.
5
Set the operating frequency.
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows new operating frequency.
6
Set the equipment RS485 address and
DIAG485 address.
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows new RS485 address.
7
Set the maximum modulation depth to
90%.
Once setting is done, control panel
display new modulation depth figure.
8
Set the RX audio AF level to 0 dbm.
Once setting is done, control panel
display new RX audio levels.
9
Set the squelch DISABLED.
Squelch is permanently disabled.
.
Setting environment menu is active.
150
Please note that the FSK modem settings are not effective when this function is not enabled by the relevant
command on the LMT Line general parameters setting.
151
Please note that the CM Tone settings are not effective when this function is not enabled by the relevant command
on the LMT Line general parameters setting.
152
The control panel display browsing is detailed into § 3 - Operation. Please refer to the relevant chapter about how
getting the desired editable parameters.
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Step
Action
Expected result
10
Set the equipment ON Line.
Once setting is done, control panel
display shows ON Line indication.
11
Logout.
Quit the setting environment menu.
12
By LMT, enter the Radio Changeover
parameters setting, and set-up Rack
Type as Standalone.
This setting is possible only from LMT.
13
By LMT, set the AF AGC Enabled.
This setting is possible only from LMT.
It is recommended to set the loudspeaker OFF, since in AM-DATA the equipment operates with
squelch disabled.
7.9.6
Setting-up for VDL 2 mode
When equipped with IMC card, the equipment can operate VDL2 applications with some
restrictions due to the use of an RS232 interface (115.200 kb/s serial data line, proprietary data
transfer protocol). Setting-up activity for this operating mode shall be done only by SELEX
Communications staff. Full VDL2 application requires MSIC card153, setting-up activity shall be
done only by SELEX Communications staff.
7.9.7
Setting-up for VDL 3 and 4 modes
VDL 3 and 4 modes can not be operated in the current release of the equipment.
153
Not available in current release.
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7.10 ANCILLARY DEVICES TESTING
The following chapters detail some testing activities onto ancillary devices that may be
connected to the equipment, within ground station arrangement. In addition, conversion table
for relevant measurement parameters are given.
7.10.1
Testing the radiating system
Although the radiating system VSWR measurement is not a task to be covered within this
handbook, poor VSWR figure may affect the whole radio system operating. It is therefore
recommended to perform return loss test on the whole radiating system to check current VSWR,
before connecting to the equipment. Test should also be periodically repeated, due to outdoor
section performance lowering (environmental agents such as rain and wind, antenna and
connecting hardware aging, etc). Given instructions are suitable to perform a return loss
measurement on a radiating system (antenna and feeder). This can be translated in VSWR
value by means of a conversion table. Admitted return loss is according to the relevant
specification that has been stated for the specific system, please refer to system and/or antenna
technical documentation for details.
The tools and the instruments required for the setting-up are listed in the following table.
Table 7.17 - Radiating system test instruments list
Item description
Type
Spectrum analyzer
Tracking generator option
Directional coupler
At least 30 dB directivity factor
50 ohm and 0 ohm loads
Test devices, calibrated
Set of coaxial cables
N-type, known insertion loss
Connect the instrument set as shown in the figure below.
Figure 7.22 - Test bench connections for radiating system VSWR test
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Follow the given step-by-step procedure.
Table 7.18 - Radiating system test procedure
Step
Action
Expected result
1
Connect the test equipment as
shown in the above figure.
None.
2
Adjust the following parameters
on the spectrum analyzer in
accordance to the radiating
system operating frequency and
bandwidth as following:
None.
Center Frequency
Frequency span
Adjust sweep time and tracking
generator output on convenient
figures.
3
Connect
shorting
N-type
termination at the directional
coupler OUT port. Set a
reference on the spectrum
analyzer.
Reference level on spectrum analyzer.
4
Connect the radiating system to
be tested at the directional
coupler OUT port.
Spectrum analyzer displays the return loss
characteristic curve of the radiating system
under test, in the selected frequency span.
5
Verify that in all the operating
bandwidth return loss figure is
greater than the figure stated by
relevant system specification.
Conversion to VSWR figures is
possible by referring to a
conversion table
Spectrum analyzer displays the VSWR
characteristic curve of the radiating system in
the selected frequency span.
6
On spectrum analyzer, switch
tracking generator OFF.
Spectrum analyzer display OFF.
WARNING
206
During this test, sweeping RF signal generated by spectrum analyzer
tracking generator is sent to antenna, and therefore radiated. This can
affect the operating of the other communications equipment located in
the surrounding, e.g. receivers.
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7.10.2
Testing the filtering system
The RF filtering system is normally composed by one or more band-pass cavity filters located
on the RX antenna path. The task of filtering system is to improve receiver selectivity, and give
further protection wrt the emissions of co-located transmitters (if present).
According to the selected layout, the RF filtering system may also be composed by additional
devices, to arrange multiple RF port layout within a single radiating system.
Especially if cavity filters are used, it is important to note that these devices should be
accurately tuned on the selected operating frequency before to set-up the DR100. Activating
the DR100 connected to a de-tuned filter may result in lack of performance of the receiver.
The cavity filter should be carefully aligned, in order to get the desired selectivity, with the
minimum possible insertion loss and return loss figures. Alignment procedures given together
with the filtering devices should be followed.
It is important to note that the filtering system (together with couplers or splitters, if present in
the layout), still improving the global system performance, will anyway affect the performance of
the equipment. In example, the RF signal coming the antenna will be reduced by the total
insertion loss due to the effect of the device located on the RF chain.
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7.10.3
Conversion tables
Here below given some conversion tables and references.
Table 7.19 - Return loss vs. VSWR
208
Return loss
(dB)
VSWR
Return loss
(dB)
VSWR
- 1.0
17.391
- 14
1.499
- 2.0
8.724
- 15
1.433
- 3.0
5.848
- 16
1.377
- 4.0
4.419
- 17
1.329
- 5.0
3.570
- 18
1.288
- 6.0
3.010
- 19
1.253
- 7.0
2.615
- 20
1.222
- 8.0
2.323
- 21
1.196
- 9.0
2.100
- 22
1.173
- 9.5
2.007
- 23
1.152
- 10
1.925
- 24
1.135
- 10.5
1.851
- 25
1.119
- 11
1.785
- 30
1.065
- 12
1.671
- 35
1.036
- 13
1.577
- 40
1.020
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Table 7.20 - RF power in dBm vs. Watt
dBm
mW
dBm
mW
dBm
mW
dBm
W
dBm
W
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1.0
1.3
1.6
2.0
2.5
3.2
4.0
5.0
6.3
8.0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
10
13
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
79
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
100
126
158
200
251
316
398
501
631
794
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
1.00
1.26
1.58
2.00
2.51
3.16
3.98
5.01
6.31
7.94
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
10.0
12.6
15.8
20.0
25.1
31.6
39.8
50.1
63.1
79.4
A power level expressed in dBm is referred to 0 dBm level corresponding to 1 mW, as following
formula.
Table 7.21 - AF level in dBm vs. Volt (600 ohm)
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dBm
Volt
(pp)
mVolt
(RMS)
dBm
Volt
(pp)
Volt
(RMS)
-20
-16
-15
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
0.22
0.35
0.39
0.44
0.49
0.55
0.62
0.69
0.78
0.87
0.98
1.10
1.23
1.38
70
120
137
155
173
194
219
245
275
307
346
392
434
488
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.55
1.74
1.95
2.19
2.46
2.76
3.10
3.47
3.90
4.37
4.91
5.50
6.18
6.93
0.55
0.62
0.69
0.77
0.87
0.97
1.09
1.23
1.38
1.54
1.73
1.94
2.18
2.45
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Table 7.22 - RF level in dBm vs. µVolt (50 ohm)
210
dBm
µV (PD)
dBm
µV (PD)
dBm
µV (PD)
-51
-52
-53
-54
-55
-56
-57
-58
-59
-60
-61
-62
-63
-64
-65
-66
-67
-68
-69
-70
-71
-72
-73
-74
-75
630.21
561.67
500.59
446.15
397.64
354.39
315.85
281.50
250.89
223.61
199.29
177.62
158.30
141.09
125.74
112.07
99.88
89.02
79.34
70.71
63.02
56.17
50.06
44.62
39.76
-76
-77
-78
-79
-80
-81
-82
-83
-84
-85
-86
-87
-88
-89
-90
-91
-92
-93
-94
-95
-96
-97
-98
-99
-100
35.44
31.59
28.15
25.09
22.36
19.93
17.76
15.83
14.11
12.57
11.21
9.99
8.90
7.93
7.07
6.30
5.62
5.01
4.46
3.98
3.54
3.16
2.82
2.51
2.24
-101
-102
-103
-104
-105
-106
-107
-108
-109
-110
-111
-112
-113
-114
-115
-116
-117
-118
-119
-120
-121
-122
-123
-124
-125
1.99
1.78
1.58
1.41
1.26
1.12
1.00
0.89
0.79
0.71
0.63
0.56
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.32
0.28
0.25
0.22
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.13
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Issue 02 - June 2007
OTE DR100 VHF
OTE DRR100 VHF
Technical Handbook
ANNEX A
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Technical Handbook
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A-2
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OTE DRR100 VHF
Technical Handbook
ANNEX A.
List of figures
Figure A.1 - Functional block diagram (general)........................................................................ A-5
Figure A.2 - Local Oscillators and clocks distribution ................................................................ A-6
Figure A.3 - Internal signal exchange ........................................................................................ A-7
Figure A.4 - RX module block scheme ...................................................................................... A-8
Figure A.5 - BB module block scheme....................................................................................... A-9
Figure A.6 - IMC card block scheme........................................................................................ A-10
Figure A.7 - ALB-M card block scheme ................................................................................... A-11
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Technical Handbook
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A-4
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Technical Handbook
Figure A.1 - Functional block diagram (general)
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A-5
OTE DR100 VHF
OTE DRR100 VHF
Technical Handbook
Figure A.2 - Local Oscillators and clocks distribution
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OTE DR100 VHF
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Technical Handbook
Figure A.3 - Internal signal exchange
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OTE DRR100 VHF
Technical Handbook
Figure A.4 - RX module block scheme
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A-8
OTE DR100 VHF
OTE DRR100 VHF
Technical Handbook
Figure A.5 - BB module block scheme
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A-9
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OTE DRR100 VHF
Technical Handbook
Figure A.6 - IMC card block scheme
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A-10
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Figure A.7 - ALB-M card block scheme
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Technical Handbook
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Issue 03 - July 2008
A-12