Fluid & Electrolytes
nursing
Electrolytes
Electrolytes are found in our body fluid. It is electrically charged minerals,
which conduct electricity, energy, help to control body fluids and maintain
homeostasis (cardiac, neuro, oxygen delivery and acid-base balance and
maintain voltages across cellular membranes.)
Osmotic Pressure.
Oncotic pressure.
Hydrostatic pressure.
Normal electrolytes level
Electrolytes
Norms
Magnesium
1.5-2.5
Muscle relaxation
Phosphorus
2.5 – 4.5
Muscle contraction
Potassium
3.5 – 5.0
Intra Cellular Excitation
Calcium
8.5 - 10.5
Bones/muscles excitation
Chloride
95 - 105
Cellular Excitation
Sodium
135- 145
Extra cellular Excitation
Visual help
Concentration electrolytes in the intracellular space and in plasma
Cl-
Ca+
Mg+
Cl-
Mg+
Magnesium
Magnesium and Calcium are best friends!
Calcium
Hypocalcemia
When Calcium is too low, EAT:
Hypercalcemia
Phosphorus
Eat for BIG PHOSPHORUS:
Potassium
Inverse relationship
Hyponatremia=dilution
Sodium
Too much Sodium in your blood???
Means your body DOES NOT HAVE
enough water!
Miss Sodium and Miss Chloride are best friends!
We are the best friends!
hypochloremia
hyperchloremia
Miss.
Chloride
Is so
cute!
Hypomagnesemia
dysrhythmia, prolong PR& QT, ST segment
depression, T wave inversion; later signs (profound
signs): Torsades de Pointes (ventricular
tachycardia), with later turn to ventricular fibrillation
Hypermagnesemia
prolonged PR interval, widened QRS complex, heart
block
Hypocalcemia
prolong QT, ST segment depression, presence of
accentuated U wave, flattened T wave, ventricular
dysrhythmias
Hypercalcemia
shortening of ST segment and QT interval, prolonged
PR interval.
Hypokalemia
T wave flat, U wave will see, ST depression, PVCs,
ventricular tachycardia
Hyperkalemia
ST elevation, tall peak T wave, wide QRS, prolonged
PR interval, flat or absent P wave; conduction block,
Severe Ventricular fibrillation, cardiac standstill,
arrhythmia, hypotension, bradycardia