OPTIMIZATION OF SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY POTENTIALS FOR
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION IN BORNO STATE NIGERIA
BY
AYUBA ADAMU
(REGISTRATION NUMBER: 1840405003)
BEING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT
OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA
IN PARTIAL FULMILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF MASTERS OF ENGINEERING (M. ENG) DEGREE IN
POWER AND MACHINE.
SUPERVISOR
NOVEMEBER 2019
ABSTRACT
The global energy crisis and the need of electricity access in remote area that cannot be linked
the grid and or isolated from the grid as the case in Borno is more than enough reason for
development of distributed generation systems to meet the power need of communities isolated
from the Grid by Boko Haram activities.
This study seeks to optimize the development of Solar Photovoltaic and Wind Energy
Technology (SPVET/WET) for distributed generation in Borno State Nigeria.
Distributed generation (DG) in his context can therefore be defined as the installation and
operation of electric power generation units connected directly to the distribution network or
connected to the network on the customer site of the meter.
Globally Solar and Wind energy are the most prominent among renewable sources, as it is an
inexhaustible resource and its exploitation has thus far been ecologically and economically friendly
so also it has been established by various studies and Metrological data that Nigeria has not only
a huge potential of Solar and Wind energy for electricity generation but sustainable. Thus; with
the solar irradiance sufficiently abundant in Borno and having relatively strong wind speed give
rise to huge potentialities of Wind power generation throughout the year.
Because Solar and Wind energy has become the least expensive source of new electric power
that is also compatible with environment preservation programs, many countries promote the
hybridization of Solar and Wind power technology by means of national programs and market
incentives which Nigeria has keyed into it already.
Simulation, modeling and analysis of available Metrological data would be used to develop the
hybridized distributed generation system.
The results obtained will then be modeled to future functional distributed power generation
system in solution to power crisis in Borno State and can also be blanketed for Nigeria as a
whole.
This paper discusses the optimization of Solar and wind technology for distributed power
generation as a solution of energy crisis in Borno state for communities isolated by Boko Haram
activities. In general, DG can be defined as electric power generation within distribution
networks or on the customer side of the network.
Key words: Distributed Generation, Energy/Power, Environment, Solar and Wind Energy
Technology, SPVET/WET Optimization and Sustainability
INTRODUCTION
The integration of renewable resources such as solar and wind energy is becoming increasingly
attractive. This is being used widely for substitution of oil-produced energy and will help to
minimize atmospheric degradation. The major advantage of a hybrid system is that when solar
and wind power production is used together, the reliability of the system is enhanced and is
applicable to distributed generation which is the area of interest in this proposal [3]
A large portion of Borno state has been isolated from the National Grid due to Boko Haram
activities resulting into huge energy crisis especially in Northern Borno. This necessitate for
emergency need to develop a system that will salvage the energy crisis, thus the concept of
Distributed Generation comes to play since the distribution system is still available and where
it‟s not available it is more easier and cost effective to construct than construction of
transmission and sun-transmission lines.
Distributed generation (DG) in his context can therefore be defined as the installation and
operation of electric power generation units connected directly to the distribution network or
connected to the network on the customer site of the meter [10].
The central idea of distributed generation, however, is to locate generation close to the load,
hence on the distribution network or on the customer side of the meter in this context the
distributed generation is targeted at the communities that are isolated from the National Grid as a
result of the Boko Haram activities.
Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are becoming popular as distributed generation for
providing electricity in remote areas due to advances in renewable energy technologies and
subsequent rise in prices of conventional sources of energy (fossil fuel etc). A hybrid energy
system, usually consists of two or more renewable energy sources used together to provide
increased system efficiency as well as greater balance in energy supply. Thus in this study hybrid
of solar and wind is used for distributed generation as can be seen in figure 1 and 2 the Wind
speed distribution and solar irradiation is clear that Solar and Wind technologies can be us for the
distributed generation.[1] [2][8].
Figure 1 shows the wind speed across Nigeria from NIMET
Wind energy is gaining increasing importance throughout the world. This fast development of
wind energy technology and of the market has large implications for a number of people and
institutions [8][9].
Figure 2 shows the solar irradiation across Nigeria from http://solargis.info
One important advantage of solar PV is it that utilizes the most abundant renewable energy
resource on the planet, the sun. Estimates show that there is 10,000 times more solar energy
coming to the Earth‟s surface than global annual fossil fuel demand. Thus, solar energy is
therefore a renewable free source of energy that is flexible, reliable, sustainable and totally
inexhaustible, unlike fossil fuels that are finite [4].
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The global energy crisis has been a thing of great concern and as the case may be allot of
communities connected to the National Grid has been isolated by the activities of Boko Haram
causing serious under development in those affected areas and to large extend most economic
activities is having a direct connections to power availability, efficiency and quality.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
I.
II.
To analyze Metrological and Geographical System Data in order to optimized the
potential of solar and wind energy technology
To Design Simulate and Model hybridized solar and wind energy for distributed systems
for isolated area of Borno state Nigeria as a result of Boko Haram activities
JUSTIFICATION OF ENTIRE WORK
Energy crisis and isolation of remote areas and number of location global is a thing of great
concern be as it may since it has huge consequence on socioeconomic development needed to be
address effectively with technologies that are cost effective, sustainable and environmentally
friendly.
Different distributed generation as well as renewable energy simulation, modeling and design
tools will be used design and optimized the desired distributed generation system for areas of
Borno State isolated from the National grid as result of the Boko Haram activities.
METHODOLGY
Metrological and Geographical Information System Data for 10 to 20 years will be analyzed to
establish the viability and potentialities of the Solar and Wind energy in Borno State then
followed by Design, Simulation and modeling of the results obtained from the data analysis.
EXPECTED RESULT
From available Data and studies the viability of having distributed generation from hybridization
of Solar and Wind technology is achievable and sustainable as Published „Potentials of Wind
Energy in Nigeria by Oluseyi O. Ajayi(Wind Engineering Volume 34, No3, 2010) that discussed
some of the issues associated with the development of the Wind Energy Technology (WET) in
Nigeria.
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