Crankr: Hand-Crank Portable Power Generator
A Research Paper
presented to the Institution Review Committee of
Department of Research, Gusa Regional Science High School - X in
partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
Capstone for Senior High School
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Strand
SWIRT ANN M. BAGAIPO
JAYMORIEL R. MANGOMPIT
BEATRICE T. VELASCO
July 2021
Department of Education
Region X, Division of Cagayan de Oro City
GUSA REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL-X
Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City
Research Department
CERTIFICATE OF INSTITUTION REVIEW COMMITTEE APPROVAL
This research paper entitled “CRANKR: HAND-CRANK PORTABLE POWER
GENERATOR,” prepared and submitted by SWIRT ANN M. BAGAIPO, JAYMORIEL
R. MANGOMPIT, AND BEATRICE T. VELASCO in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for CAPSTONE PROJECT, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL, Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Technology (STEM) Strand has been examined and
recommended for defense.
___________________
______________________
Language Editor
Field Consultant
Date: __________________
Date: __________________
Jeany Grace S. Maglupay
Research Adviser
Date: __________________
INSTITUTION REVIEW COMMITTEE
Approved by the Committee in partial fulfillment of the requirements for, SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL, Science, Technology, Engineering, and Technology (STEM) Strand with a
grade of PASSED.
ROCHELLE A. LUZANO
Chairperson, Research Dept.
Date: __________________
JEANY GRACE S. MAGLUPAY
Research Teacher
Date: __________________
GLENMARK A. DAL
Chair, Research Presentation
Date: __________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL, Science, Technology, Engineering, and Technology (STEM) Strand.
CHARLYN S. BAYLON
Secondary School Principal 1
Date: __________________
iii
Abstract. Mobile phones are becoming increasingly important for many reasons, including
communicating with relatives, company associates, and even to access information.
Conventional chargers are rendered useless in emergencies because they need an immediate
power supply, as a result, this innovative research aims to enhance the existing research study,
SqueeZap: Hand-Crank and Self-Charging Powerbank. The researchers utilized a descriptiveexperimental research design because the study focuses to test and compare the efficacy of the
further refined SqueeZap: Hand-Crank and Self-Charging Powerbank. The materials used to
build the prototype of the study are cheap off-the-shelf components and recycled material. In
assembling the device, eight (8) Lithium-ion batteries were used, and a thin recycled wire to
link the components together. The batteries were soldered in a series configuration and sealed
with electrical tape, and the exposed components of the device such as the USB step-up
transformer was enclosed in a recycled one-battery power bank plastic case. The cellphone
used as a testbed for the prototypes charging capacity was the same model that was used in the
previous study, a Huawei Y6 2018 model phone with a capacity of 3000 mAh. The data
gathered in the study would be the output of the device in power generated for charging the
battery in mAh and its voltage. In a comparative test consisting of five (5) trials. The battery
percentages of each charging method were compared after an hour of charging. The research
study utilized tables to compare the data that was gathered from this study to the previous
research by Comajig et al. (2020). The results yielded in the study suggest that there has been
a notable improvement in terms of the voltage produced and the amount of battery percentage.
The minimum voltage produced by Crankr, at thirty (30) cranks per minute is 1.25 to 2.25
Volts compared to SqueeZap at 1.6 to 2.4 Volts. However, at a maximum of 90 cranks per
minute, the Crankr surpasses SqueeZap in terms of voltage, producing 5.75 to 6 volts compared
to SqueeZap only producing a maximum of 3.7 volts. With regard to manual charging, the
Crankr surpasses SqueeZap with 9% more battery percentage charging at 35.4% in one (1)
hour versus SqueeZap, having only 26.4% in one (1) hour average. Thus, the researchers
recommend utilizing a larger dynamo, larger battery banks, and other manual methods of
turning the dynamo.
Keywords. Dynamo, Hand-crank, Improvised, Manual, Power bank
iv
Acknowledgement
The entire process of making this research paper takes a countless amount of patience,
hard work, and cooperation. The assembly of this project needs the helping hands of many to
be fully accomplished. As such, it is with the highest gratitude and willingness of the
researchers to send their acknowledgments to the following individuals, whom their passionate
guidance has helped them, make the paper to being.
First and foremost, praises and thanks to God, the Almighty, for His guidance and
showers of blessings throughout the research study to complete the research successfully;
To the researchers' parents, Mr. and Mrs. Bagaipo, Mr. and Mrs. Mangompit, and Mr.
and Mrs. Velasco are always showing support and willingness to meet the finances during the
making of the research paper and the conduct of the assessment, and for their immeasurable
prayers that have always motivated the researchers in striving hard to make the entire study
successful;
To Ms. Maglupay, their research adviser, who guided them throughout the whole year,
for her constant guidance that she has humbly and generously given to the researchers, for
never failing to assist them, and for believing in the researchers' capabilities notwithstanding
the various things they lack; and
To Ms. Jeany Grace S. Maglupay, the researchers' class adviser and subject teacher for
her support, encouragement, and time. The researchers' terminologies are not wide enough to
find the exact word to thank them.
v
Table of Contents
Preliminaries Page
Cover Poster
Title Page
Approval Sheet
Abstract
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
viii
ix
Chapter 1 Introduction
Background of the Study
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitation
Definition of Terms
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
5
5
Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies
Power banks Explained
Types of Power bank
Power bank Issues
Development of Hand Driven Battery Charger
Self-Charged Power Bank by Harvesting Sustainable Human Motion
Charger Helmet as Power Bank of Mobile Phone
Solar Powered Mobile Power Bank Systems
Phone Charger Using Human Mechanical Energy
SqueeZap: Hand-Squeezed Self-Charging Powerbank
Kinetic Powered Phone Battery Charger
Biomechanical Energy Harvesting
Multi-Purpose Hand Crank Mechanical Energy Charger
Construction and Testing of an Electric Generator for Wind or Human Power
7
7
9
9
10
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
14
14
Chapter 3 Research Methodology
Research Design
Research Setting
Materials and Cost
Data Gathering Procedure
Data Analysis
Research Instrument
16
16
16
16
17
18
18
vi
Chapter 4 Presentation, Analysis, and Discussion of Data
Problem 1.1 Yielded battery capacity in mAh
Problem 1.2 Yielded battery capacity in battery percentage
19
19
19
Chapter 5 Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Summary of Findings
Conclusions
Recommendations
21
21
21
22
References
23
Appendices
Appendix A Research Timetable
Appendix B Budget Matrix
Appendix C Documentation
Appendix D Curriculum Vitae
25
26
27
28
30
vii
List of Tables
Table Number
1
2
Title
Page
Comparison test results of output voltage; SqueeZap
vs. Crankr
18
Comparison of test results; SqueeZap vs. Crankr
18
viii
List of Figures
Figure Number
Title
Page
1
Schematic Diagram for Crankr: Hand-Crank
Portable Power Generator
2
Materials and Costing of Crankr: Hand-Crank
Portable Power Generator
16
3
Research Timetable
26
4
Budget Matrix
27
ix
3
1
Chapter 1
Introduction
This chapter presents the overview of the research study. Main points and subtopics will
be discussed in this chapter.
Background of the Study
For people across the globe, cell phones have become essential. Mobile phones are
becoming increasingly important for many reasons, including communicating with relatives,
company associates, and even to access information. Today's technologically sophisticated
mobile phones can do more than make and receive phone calls; they can even store records or
information, take and save photos, and even double as walkie-talkies, to name a few features.
According to the latest data from GSMA Intelligence (2021), there are 5.22 billion mobile
phone users across the globe today, and mobile phone users are currently increasing at a rate
of 1.8 percent per year. Therefore, the significance of the mobile phone in the current era
cannot be overstated.
Cellular phone chargers are an essential component of the phone since the phone will
be worthless without them. On the other hand, conventional chargers are rendered useless in
emergencies because they need an immediate power supply, such as electrical sockets or other
instantaneous systems. Having a phone with an empty battery in the middle of a long trip or in
times of emergency can be aggravating, particularly if you have an urgent call to make right at
the moment. As a result, this innovative research aims to enhance the existing research study,
SqueeZap: Hand-Crank and Self-Charging Powerbank, conducted by Comajig, Garay,
Mantala, Tagupa, and Velasco (2020) from Grade 12 Respect. The current research study aims
to produce a mobile phone charger that does not need to be plugged in or docked into a power
2
supply and can charge a cell phone in an emergency or other inconvenience using only human
power.
The researchers' objective to continue this experimental study is to enhance the final
product and amount of energy produced in a hand-cranked portable power generator.
Thus, unlike current power banks, which require a power source that can contribute to an
increase in carbon emissions, this innovative research is environmentally sustainable.
Theoretical Framework
This study utilized the Law of Conservation of energy which states that energy can
neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one form of energy to another and
would still have the same amount of energy used in the system (Donev et al., 2020). The
mechanical energy of the crank was changed over into electrical energy within the dynamo
inside the hand crank flashlight which was then once more converted to chemical energy inside
the Lithium ion (Li-ion) battery in which was then once again converted into power for
charging the phone battery.
Conceptual Framework
The demand for electrical energy has never been denied, and humans are trying their
best to produce this energy effectively. In recent years, several alternate means were proposed
to supply electrical energy, and the means with renewable and sustainable features have
attracted increasing interest in previous years.
The study of Comajig et al. (2020) is the basis for this research. Their concept of using
the Law of Conservation in constructing a device that could produce electricity to power a
hand-crank power bank and act as an emergency power source for calamities. The device was
effective, and the concept was feasible; however, the data gathered showed that improvements
3
could be made. This current research will explore the efficacy of using an improved innovated
hand-crank and self-charging power bank.
Input
Commercial Electronics
Components
Process
Making the
Product
Output
Crankr: Hand-Crank Portable
Power Generator
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram for Crankr: Hand-Crank Portable Power Generator
Research Questions
The research study aims to test the feasibility and the efficacy of the Crankr versus the
previous research, SqueeZap: Hand-Crank and Self-Charging Powerbank. Specifically, it
sought to answer the following questions.
1. What is the difference in the efficacy between the two prototypes’ charging method
in terms of:
1.1 Yielded battery capacity in mAh and
4
1.2 Yielded battery capacity in battery percentage?
Hypotheses
H0: There is no difference in the efficacy of the method of charging between the two
prototypes in terms of yielded battery capacity in mAh.
H0: There is no difference in the efficacy of the method of charging between the two prototypes
in terms of yielded battery capacity in battery percentage.
Significance of the Study
The study focused on analyzing the effectiveness and feasibility of Crankr: Hand-Crank
Portable Power Generator. The results of the research study will benefit each of the following
entities:
To the individuals. The research findings will benefit the people to create their
emergency power source to recharge their USB port gadgets in emergencies such as natural
disasters or even in inconvenient situations.
To the mobile device users. The researchers believe that the result of this study will
be of great importance to the users since they are the ones that would possibly recharge the
depleted batteries of their devices in some inconveniences and dangers such as blackouts and
natural disasters.
To the future researchers. May this study serve future researchers as the basis in the
modification and more innovations like this. And may the result give them an overview of
information, ideas, and concepts. In addition to this, the study will be a beneficial source for
future researchers who need related works of literature.
5
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The research study is only limited to investigate the capabilities of the charger, such as
comparing the charging methods of the two prototypes. Its efficiency in terms of charging rate
and battery percentage was also measured.
The study is also limited to be conducted only in Barangay Bugo, Cagayan de Oro City.
This study only focused on the materials such as hand-crank, diodes, electrical battery holder,
batteries, switches, and USB port connector.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined conceptually to facilitate better understanding of the
study.
Blackout. This refers to a period of darkness where it is caused by a failure of electrical
power. In this study, having this kind of incident that cannot be avoided especially if there is a
weather disturbance and the loss of electrical source within the community is the main reason
why the researchers come up with this one.
Crank. A machine part with a handle that can be turned in a circular motion to move
something.
Diode. A two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one
direction, it has low resistance in one direction, and high resistance in the other.
Dynamo. An obsolete term, short for dynamo-electric machine and used to refer to any
motor or generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Electronic Device. This refers to any device that utilizes electricity to function;
examples may be smartphones, radios, Gameboy, etc.
6
Improvise. To solve and create something by using whatever tools and materials
immediately at hand featuring new methods, advanced and original.
Law of Conservation of Energy. states that energy can neither be created nor
destroyed - only converted from one form of energy to another. This means that a system
always has the same amount of energy unless it's added from the outside.
Lithium-ion.
A type of rechargeable battery. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are
commonly used for portable electronics.
mAh. Read as milliamp-hour and a unit that measures electric power over time. It is
commonly used to measure the energy capacity of a battery.
Multimeter. A measuring instrument that can measure multiple electrical properties.
A typical multimeter can measure voltage, resistance, and current, in which case it is also
known as a volt-ohm-milliammeter (VOM).
Photovoltaic. On a material or device in which electricity is generated because of
exposure to light.
Rectifier. This refers to an electrical device that converts alternating current, which
periodically reverses direction, to direct current, which flows in only one direction. The process
is known as rectification since it "straightens" the direction of the current.
7
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This literature review aimed to discuss the following: (1) to define a power bank and
its origin, (2) an overview of the different types of power banks, (3) issues, and (4) handcranking as a source of power supply. Thus, related studies that are associated to this innovative
research.
Power banks Explained
Radu (2017) states that a power bank is a portable battery that can be used to recharge
electronic devices. Power banks charge mobile phones, smartphones, cameras, portable
speakers, game consoles, or even laptops. It comes in a variety of sizes that is suitable for
different people and their needs. Power banks have become increasingly popular since they
offer a quick and efficient way to charge smartphones and other gadgets while not connected
to a power source. For certain wireless charged smartphones, wireless charging power banks
have also developed.
It is said that the term "power bank" refers to a financial institution where money can
be deposited, saved, and extracted as requested. These items are also known as portable
chargers since they can charge items such as cell phones without needing to be connected to
the mains, but they would still need to be charged, which includes a mains charger (“What is
a Power Bank: Portable Charger,” n.d.).
Petan (2021) states that a Chinese corporation named Pisen introduced the first portable
power bank, “The Power King,” in 2001. The reason for the development of the first-ever
power bank was due to an Antarctic Expedition Team who requested a portable charger for
their video cameras and other equipment. The initial configuration consisted of two AA
batteries connected by a circuit. The Las Vegas International Consumer Electronics Show was
8
where it first made its public appearance. The first power bank was heavy and had limited
battery life. Now, there seem to be much more advanced and lightweight models available and
offer longer battery life. The majority of current power banks are small enough to fit in the
palm of your hand and charge your smartphone numerous times before power loss.
Huaqi formally releases the very first power bank product called “Engine
Compartment.” The market for power banks began to emerge, brands such as Aigo and
Anytone. The advancement of the control circuit, applicable battery, and related innovations
led to the growth of the power bank industry. Because of its positive response in domestic
markets, it leads businesses to expand into international markets. With over 500 brands in the
industry, the power bank market has grown. With the latest research and technology, the power
bank market has become more competitive and has a wide selection of brands and power
choices to choose from, rendering this device much more successful (SWICA Indonesia
[SWICAID], 2018).
Power banks operate by taking charge from a charger, placing it in a battery, and then
charging other devices using advanced circuitry. Power banks are more than mere batteries:
they have advanced electronics circuitry that controls how they are charged and how they
charge other devices (Radu, 2017). The operation of battery recharging and discharging, as
well as the battery technologies used, are critical to the power bank's operation. The two central
technologies used are Lithium-ion and Lithium-polymer. Lithium-ion batteries have a high
power output and don't have the memory effect (when batteries become harder to charge over
time). Lithium-ion batteries are also inexpensive. Lithium-polymer batteries are more durable
and versatile than other types of batteries, and they last longer. Their main features include
being lightweight, low profile, and have a lower risk of electrolyte leakage (SWICAID, 2018).
9
Types of Power bank
Power banks are available in a range of sizes and shapes. In addition to charging your
mobile devices, certain power banks have other functions.
According to Petan (2021), among the most prominent kinds of portable chargers was
the block power bank. This sort of power bank was ideal for times when you need to get
something done quickly. A credit card power bank was a compact charger that has a slim
rectangular shape that fits comfortably in your pocket. A keychain power bank was small
enough to attach to your keychain and carry along with you. Furthermore, a wireless power
bank works by simply placing the back of your phone on top of it to charge your battery. When
listening to your dream playlist, a speaker battery bank keeps your phone powered. Power bank
for Bluetooth earbuds serves as a compact charger for your smartphone also storage and
charging port for wireless earbuds. The solar power bank was yet another cutting-edge power
bank technology. It was indeed perfect for long-term use and does not require a wall outlet to
recharge it. Finally, high-capacity power banks can charge multiple devices simultaneously or
charge a single device several times until it needs to recharge.
Power bank Issues
One of the remarkable features of having a power bank was using it during
emergencies. Owning a portable battery bank on hand will be the difference between coping
with a power outage and remaining connected when the lights go out. Power banks are
convenient in emergencies, whether you may be at home or on the road, and can even save
your life. Modern power banks often have quick charging capabilities, allowing you to make
your battery filled in minutes. With a power bank at your side, you will never have to think
about your battery percentage running dry (Awesome Jelly, n.d.).
10
Power banks are getting more affordable by the day, and it now has a wide variety of
selections depending on your needs. There are also power banks that can charge up to multiple
devices with numerous USB ports built into the product. You will never have access to a much
more compact battery backup option with power banks shrinking by the day. Finally, the
portable power bank can be used to charge something that has a USB port. Your power bank
can charge any device, like a camcorder, camera, smartphone, or tablet. Power banks may also
be used to recharge camera batteries (Upadhye, 2020).
Power banks, on the other hand, have their own set of drawbacks. Many power banks
on the market are either large or expensive. Aside from that, they need to be charged before
the battery runs out, and if the capacity was limited, the battery will run out quicker. According
to Power Banks – What Impact They Have On Your Phone’s Battery (2021), stated that a lowquality power bank can cause damage to your device's battery and charging port. It can even
put your life at risk. Problems will arise if your power bank was set to the incorrect voltage.
Power banks can be used only when absolutely necessary. Using power banks to keep your
phone charged at 100 percent will degrade the battery over time, resulting in your phone's
inability to hold a charge for long periods.
Development of Hand Driven Battery Charger
A study conducted by the researchers from India developed an energy-saving handdriven battery charger (HDBC). The study proposes an HDBC device that was running by
utilizing conversion of human muscle power with the use of a voltage regulator. The storage
system was created by utilizing batteries and a dummy model load attached for applying the
lighting system. And with the help of the HDBC 4.8-6V, the battery can be charged and can
11
generate system using non-conventional energy systems and be stored efficiently. The model
of HDBC can be used for different power-saving areas (Das, Hashunao, & Mazumdar, 2015).
Design and Experiments of a Self-Charged Power Bank by Harvesting
Sustainable Human Motion
Xie et al. (2016) developed a self-charged power bank incorporated with an energy
harvester to harness human biomechanical energy and sustainably recharge a power bank. In
the energy harvester, a spring-mass damping system was used to transform the human body’s
movement during walking into the rotation of a gear train and drive rotary generators to
produce electricity to recharge the battery through a rectifying circuit. A prototype was built
to test the performances of the harvester, and experiments on the prototype fixed on the ankle,
wrist, and torso were conducted, which indicated that the measured power output was 0.35 W,
0.16 W, and 10 mW, respectively, when testers walked at 2.0 m/s (the circular frequency of
footstep was about 14.5 rad/s).
A Study in Developing a Charger Helmet as Power Bank of Mobile Phone
for Motorcyclists
Fuada, Kusumawardhana, and Suharmanto (2015) designed and created a charging
helmet which was a photovoltaic solar cell; moreover, the things underlying helmets as a means
of placing solar cells was that the body heat of the sun which was a quite broad and equitable
helmet that will help the solar cells to have an ideal position by facing the sun directly. The
result of this paper describes a helmet design for the solar power charger and a solar-powered
helmet design that can generate voltage as needed.
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Solar Powered Mobile Power Bank Systems
Dhal, Agarwal, A., and Agarwal, K. (2016) designed a Solar Powered Portable Power
Bank for mobile phones using sunlight as its ultimate power, which can be used effectively
during disaster events. It has an in-built solar panel that converts solar energy to electrical
energy. The battery was connected to a charging circuit having a USB port as output to the
respective Mobile phones. The researcher of the study utilizes renewable sources of energy
where we can overcome the exhaustible usage of power and charge. It reduces environmental
pollution and was much user friendly. During disasters and power outages, it can be used with
ease and with a long and forever durability of device and power. Even in remote areas having
scarcity of electricity, such models can be used. It can be a bit rusty during rainy and foggy
days and needs delicate care.
Portable Smart Phone Charger Using Human Mechanical Energy by Gear
Train with Hand Crank
A research study conducted by Chakma et al. (2017, p. 21) designed and produced a
biomechanical mobile charger in which a hand crank was attached to a gear train that produces
a torque of 62:1. This would be enough to supply 4.96 volts of electricity to charge a tiny 1300
mAh Li-ion battery.
SqueeZap: Hand-Squeezed Self-Charging Powerbank
In a research study from Comajig et al. (2020), using the Law of Conservation as a
principle, the researchers created a system that can generate electricity to power a hand-crank
power bank and function as an emergency power supply for calamities. It aimed to calculate
the effectiveness of the SqueeZap by measuring the average squeeze of the hand crank to
achieve a certain battery percentage for each minute given. According to a multi-tester, the
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highest squeezes of the SqueeZap that provided the highest battery percentage were 90
squeezes in 1 minute. In conclusion, regardless of the number of squeezes of the SqueeZap,
the system can deliver significantly higher amounts of battery percentage over time, but the
number of squeezes of the SqueeZap can substantially impact the device's ability to yield
battery life.
Kinetic Powered Phone Battery Charger
A research study from Li et al. (2013, pp. 1–3), the researchers created a charging
device that utilized a hand crank connected to a gearbox that utilized a 143:1 power output
ratio. Centered on the theory of energy efficiency, the study suggests a proposal for a
kinetically driven phone charger. A direct current (DC) motor was used to produce the charging
electricity. When a DC motor was turned backward, it generates electrical energy, which in
turn generates more rotational kinetic energy, allowing for higher power output. To reverse
rotate the DC engine, a hand crank with the proper gear train configuration was used. A
prototype of a compact kinetic driven charger has been developed and manufactured based on
this concept, and by using the prototype charger, a flat phone battery can be sufficiently
recharged within a few minutes for a quick call.
Biomechanical Energy Harvesting: Generating Electricity During Walking
With Minimal User Effort
Donelan et al. (2008, p. 808) conducted a research study where a biomechanical energy
harvester produces electricity with little extra effort during human walking. Unlike traditional
human-powered engines, which rely on positive muscle work, the system aids muscles in doing
negative work, similar to how regenerative braking in electric vehicles uses energy that would
otherwise be lost during braking to fuel a generator. The average amount of electricity
14
generated by test subjects walking with one gadget on each leg was 5 watts, which was roughly
ten (10) times that of shoe-mounted devices. This system was ideal for charging powered
prosthetic limbs and other portable medical equipment because it generates enough energy
with little effort.
Design and Construction of Multi-Purpose Hand Crank Mechanical Energy
Charger
A few researchers in the technology and engineering field have developed a multipurpose mechanical energy charger by utilizing the product development testing approach
(Ocampo, Constantino, & Soriano, 2019). The designed system is distinguished from previous
devices by its multi-purpose, compact, and lightweight capabilities. It can charge cellphones,
portable electric fans, and battery banks, which other existing technologies on the market
cannot. Ocampo et al. (2019) mentioned that in the initial evaluation of operation, 200 crank
twists produce a cumulative charging voltage of 5 volts with a capacity of 1300 mAh for the
devices connected to the USB input, namely: cellphone, mini-fan, and rechargeable flashlight.
Furthermore, the research recommended that longer trials and validations should be
administered to achieve the device's most desired results, and reliability tests should be
performed to determine its practical effectiveness and performance.
Construction and Testing of an Electric Generator for Wind or Human
Power
According to them, one of the most pressing engineering challenges today is the
advancement and implementations of realistic, cost-effective green power systems that support
environmental sustainability (Vasquez & Gomez, 2009). Vasquez and Gomez (2009)
developed electric generator that is intended to be powered by wind or human power. This
15
innovative study included the construction of a permanent - magnet three-phase alternating
current (AC) generator that enables the modification of its model as well as the testing of
various operation and control techniques at various speeds and load configurations. For the
human power approach, A cyclist produces power by riding a mountain bike with the
transmission attached to the generator shaft. Because the rear wheel is elevated from the deck,
the bike becomes a stationary workout system. As a result, rather than consuming electricity
like stationary bikes, a portion of the energy burned during bicycling is contained in batteries.
16
Chapter 3
Research Methods
This chapter discussed the research design, area of the study, materials to utilized to
create the product, data gathering procedure, administration of the instrument, and method of
data analysis.
Research Design
The researchers utilized a descriptive-experimental research design because the study
focused to test and compare the efficacy of the further refined SqueeZap: Hand-Crank and
Self-Charging Powerbank. Specifically, to compare the amount of battery capacity yielded (in
mAh and percentage) and to compare the charging between the two prototypes namely, Crankr:
Hand-Crank Portable Power Generator and SqueeZap: Hand-Crank and Self-Charging
Powerbank.
Research Setting
The assembly and testing of the device was conducted at one of the researchers'
residence at Ilang-ilang Street, Zone 6, Reyes Village Subdivision, Bugo, Cagayan de Oro
City.
Materials and Cost
Figure 2. Materials and Costing of Crankr: Hand-Crank Portable Power Generator
Materials
Cost
Diode (8 pieces)
₱ 2.00 each = ₱ 16.00
₱ 376.00
18650 Lithium-ion battery
₱ 47.00/piece (need 8 pieces)
17
Step down DC Converter
₱ 370.00
Hand-crank Dynamo
₱ 125.00
Capacitor 0.1 uF (10 pieces)
₱ 120.00
Wire (12 inches)
₱ 10.00
Electrical Tape
₱ 20.00
Solder Lead
₱ 11.00
Glue Sticks
₱ 5.00/piece
Total: ₱ 1,058.00
Data Gathering Procedure
In assembling the device, eight (8) Lithium-ion batteries were used, and a thin wire to
link the components together. This was proposed by Comajig et al. (2020) utilized in the
creation of their hand-crank power bank. The batteries were soldered in a parallel configuration
and sealed with electrical tape, and the exposed components of the device such as the USB
step-up transformer, was enclosed in an recycled one-battery power bank plastic case. Only
the crank and the USB port of the step-up transformer remained visible. The cellphone used as
a testbed for the prototypes charging capacity was the same model that was used in the previous
study, a Huawei Y6 2018 model phone. The cellphone has a capacity of 3000 mAh.
The data gathered in the study would be the output of the device in terms of power
generated for charging the battery in milli-ampere hours (mAh) and its voltage. In a
comparative test consisting of five (5) trials, the device’s power output in mAh would be
18
compared to the previous research product. The battery percentages of each charging method
was compared after an hour of charging.
Data Analysis
The research study utilized tables to compare the data that was gathered from this study
to the previous research, which was the basis of the study.
Research Instrument
The research instrument utilized in this study would be in tabular format since the data
gathered was only tabulated and compared to the existing research study.
19
Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis, and Discussion of Data
The data yielded from the created prototype for this study will be presented in this
chapter. The study sought to improve the prototype based from the previous research which
the current study was founded on namely, SqueeZap: Hand-Squeezed Self-Charging
Powerbank.
Problem 1.What is the difference in the efficacy between the two prototypes’
charging method in terms of:
1.1
Yielded battery capacity in mAh?
Table 1. Comparison test results of output voltage; SqueeZap vs. Crankr
Method of
Yield in Voltage (V)/Minute
Manual Charging
30
60
90
Squeezes
1.6 – 2.4 Volts
2.4 – 2.6 Volts
3.7 Volts
Cranks
1.25 – 2.25 Volts
3.75 – 5.75 Volts
5.75 – 6 Volts
The data presented in the table above shows that the more the user cranks the DC-type
dynamo, the more voltage was produced. With the lowest amount of cranks per minute creating
up to 1.25 to 2.25 volts of electricity and the highest amount of cranks producing up to 5.75 to
6 volts of electricity - more than enough to charge a lithium-ion battery and a mobile phone
combined.
1.2 Yielded battery capacity in battery percentage?
Table 2. Comparison of test results; SqueeZap vs. Crankr
Wired Charging
Manual Charging
Trials
SqueeZap
Crankr
SqueeZap
Crankr
20
(1 hour charging time and
battery percentage)
Trial 1
1 hour, 29%
1 hour, 65%
1 hour, 15%
1 hour, 40%
Trial 2
1 hour, 30%
1 hour, 42%
1 hour, 30%
1 hour, 34%
Trial 3
1 hour, 28%
1 hour, 50%
1 hour, 28%
1 hour, 35%
Trial 4
1 hour, 29%
1 hour, 47%
1 hour, 29%
1 hour, 33%
Trial 5
1 hour, 30%
1 hour, 53%
1 hour, 30%
1 hour, 35%
29.2%
51.4%
26.4%
35.4%
Average Battery
Capacity (%)
The table of the data gathered above from wired (outlet) charging versus manual
(crank) charging shows the significant difference between the output of SqueeZap: SelfCharging Powerbank and Crankr: Hand Crank Power Generator, with a difference in battery
percentage of 9%. The data suggests that the prototype hand crank power generator has done
its task of charging the phone well.
21
Chapter 5
Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
This chapter presents the interpretation and summary of the gathered in the current
study. This chapter will also present the recommendations of the current study for further
improvements if this paper will be used as a basis for future researches.
Summary of Findings
The results yielded in the study suggest that there has been a notable improvement in
terms of the voltage produced and the amount of battery percentage that the prototype of the
current study can create. The minimum voltage produced by Crankr, at thirty (30) cranks per
minute is 1.25 to 2.25 Volts compared to SqueeZap at 1.6 to 2.4 Volts. The reason why
SqueeZap has an advantage in voltage at thirty (30) cranks per minute is due to the lower
maximum voltage that the previous prototype’s dynamo can produce maxing out at 3.7 volts.
However, at a maximum of 90 cranks per minute, the Crankr surpasses SqueeZap in terms of
voltage, producing 5.75 to 6 volts compared to SqueeZap only producing a maximum of 3.7
volts.
With regard to manual charging, the Crankr surpasses SqueeZap with 9% more battery
percentage charging at 35.4% in one (1) hour versus SqueeZap, having only 26.4% in one (1)
hour average. With these results, this entails that the current prototype improved by the
researchers is superior compared previous study’s prototype.
Conclusion
The researchers were able to arrive at these conclusions based on the findings of the study:
1. The researchers concluded from the results that the more the user cranks the DC-type
dynamo, the more voltage was produced.
22
2. The researchers concluded that the prototype can indeed charge both the batteries in
the power bank and mobile devices such as a phone.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions presented, the following recommendations are
proposed:
1. The researchers recommend improvements to the dynamo if necessary utilizing a more
powerful twelve (12) Volt DC-type dynamo so as to produce more voltage to charge
larger wireless devices such as laptops aside from mobile phones.
2. The researchers recommend utilizing larger battery banks to store more voltage from a
more powerful DC-type dynamo.
3. The researchers recommend using other manual methods of turning the dynamo such
as using foot pedals or bicycle-type setups.
23
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25
APPENDICES
26
Appendix A. Research Timetable
Activities
April
May
June
Conceptualization
Seek approval of the
research study
Implementation
Gathering of Data
Summarizing and
Analyzing of the Results
Finalizing the Research
paper
Submission and
Presentation of Research
Paper
Figure 3. Timeline for Crankr: Hand-Crank Portable Power Generator
July
27
Appendix B. Budget Matrix
Item
Quantity
Cost
Amount
Budget Source
8 pcs
₱ 47.00
₱ 376.00
Own funds
1 pc
₱ 370.00
₱ 370.00
Own funds
1 pc
₱ 125.00
₱ 125.00
Own funds
10 pcs
₱ 120.00
₱ 120.00
Own funds
Wire
1 pc
₱ 10.00
₱ 10.00
Own funds
Diode
8 pcs
₱ 2.00
₱ 16.00
Own funds
Solder Lead
1 pc
₱ 11.00
₱ 11.00
Own funds
Electrical tape
1 pc
₱ 20.00
₱ 20.00
Own funds
Glue sticks
2 pcs
₱ 5.00
₱ 10.00
Own funds
18650
Lithium-ion
battery
Step down DC
Converter
Hand-crank
dynamo
Capacitor 0.1
uF
Power bank
1 pc
Recycled
plastic case
Total: ₱ 1,058.00
Figure 4. Budget Matrix for Crankr: Hand-Crank Portable Power Generator
28
Appendix C. Documentation
The materials used in developing the
prototype, Crankr.
The components of the prototype being soldered together.
29
The final product about to be tested.
From top right to bottom left: testing the protype
Bottom right: the mobile phone used to test the prototype, a Huawei Y6 2018 Model.
30
Appendix D. Curriculum Vitae
SWIRT ANN M. BAGAIPO
Zone 2, Poblacion, Tagoloan
Cagayan de Oro City
Cell Number: 0905 719 0452
Email: swirtbagaipo@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: March 29, 2003
Place of Birth: Sta. Cruz, Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental
Age:
18
Gender:
Female
Nationality:
Filipino
Civil Status:
Single
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary:
GUSA REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL – X
Purok 4A, Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2019 – 2021
TAGOLOAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion, Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental
S.Y. 2015 – 2019
Primary:
TAGOLOAN CENTRAL SCHOOL
Poblacion, Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental
S.Y. 2009 – 2015
ACHIEVEMENTS
Consistent Honor Student from Junior High School to Senior High School
31
Appendix D. Curriculum Vitae
JAYMORIEL R. MANGOMPIT
Zone 3, Bugo
Cagayan de Oro City, Misamis Oriental
Cell Number: 0995 702 2193
Email: Mangompitjaymoriel@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: April 1, 2003
Place of Birth: Zone 4, Bugo, Cagayan de Oro City
Age:
18
Gender:
Female
Nationality:
Filipino
Civil Status:
Single
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary:
GUSA REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL – X
Purok 4A, Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2019 – 2021
SAPANG DALAGA CENTRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Sapang Dalaga, Misamis Occidental
S.Y. 2015 – 2019
Primary:
EAST CITY CENTRAL SCHOOL
Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro
S.Y. 2009 – 2015
ACHIEVEMENTS
Consistent Honor Student from Junior High School to Senior High School
32
Appendix D. Curriculum Vitae
BEATRICE T. VELASCO
Ialng-ilang St., Reyes Village Subdivision, Bugo
Cagayan de Oro City, Misamis Oriental
Cell Number: 0935 856 0052
Email: velascobeatrice.09@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: September 12, 2002
Place of Birth: Cagayan de Oro City
Age:
18
Gender:
Female
Nationality:
Filipino
Civil Status:
Single
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary:
GUSA REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL – X
Purok 4A, Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2015 – 2021
Primary:
BRIGHT ROCK SCHOOL
Cabilogan St., Bugo, Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2009 – 2015
ACHIEVEMENTS
Consistent Honor Student from Junior High School to Senior High School