Different Formats Of Citation
Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Tutorsindia info@ tutorsindia.com
I. INTRODUCTION
Citation styles and forms that support
research findings vary greatly depending on
disciplines and requirements.Data used to
cite electronic sources is not yet
standardized. Some of the most widely used
styles of citation are:
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1. ABNT Style
Associação Brasileira de Normas
Técnicas (ABNT) is responsible for the
maintenance of technical standards in
Brazil.
Instructions
Names: Last name in capital letters,
followed by first and middle initials
(separated by periods).
Titles: The first letter of the first word of
titles of articles, books and book
chapters is capitalized.
Dates: The day and year of publication
must always be indicated in Arabic
numerals. The month must be given in
abbreviated form.
Example: Budge, E. A. Wallis. The
dwellers on the Nile. New York: Dover,
1977.
For
more
Details:
http://www.abnt.org.br/
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2. AMA Style
AMA stands for American Medical
Association. Since 1960s, AMA has
been issuing a style manual for its
scientific journals.
Instructions
Names: Last name is followed by first
and middle initials without space or
periods.
Titles: Names of periodicals, titles of
articles, and books are capitalized
headline style excepting for prepositions
and common conjunctions.
Dates: Use the order: month day, year.
American Medical Association Manual
of Style
Example: Saver, Cynthia. Anatomy of
Writing for Publication for Nurses.
Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau
International; c2011:31-33.
3. APA STYLE
The
American
Psychological
Association (APA) has established
standardized
methods
for
citing
electronic and print sources used in
research.
Instructions
1
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Names: Last name is followed by first
and middle initials. They are separated
by periods.
Titles: Capitalize only the first letter of
the first word in titles of articles, books
and chapters. Titles of periodicals are
capitalized headline style excepting the
prepositions and conjunctions.
Dates: Use the order: year, month day.
Example: Nightingale, J., & Twain, M.
(2008). Tom Sawyer. Long Island, NY:
EDCON.
For
More
Details:
http://www.apastyle.org/
4. CHICAGO: AUTHOR-DATE
STYLE
The Chicago Manual of Style is used
by writers in the publishing field.
Instructions
Names: Author names appear as they do
on the title page. For the first author, last
name comes first, for the subsequent
authors’ names, it is the first name
followed by last name.
Titles: Names of periodicals, titles of
articles, and books are capitalized
headline style excepting for prepositions
and common conjunctions.
Dates: Use the order: month day year.
Example: Grazer, Brian, and Charles
Fishman. 2015. A Curious Mind: The
Secret to a Bigger Life. New York:
Simon & Schuster.
For
More
Details
:
https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org
5. CHICAGO: HUMANITIES STYLE
Instructions
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Names: Author names appear as they do
on the title page. For the first author, last
name comes first, for the subsequent
authors’ names, it is the first name
followed by last name.
Titles: Names of periodicals, titles of
articles, and books are capitalized
headline style excepting for prepositions
and common conjunctions.
Dates: Use the order: month day, year.
Example:Frank, Anne. Anne Franks
Diary. London: Royal National Institute
for the Blind, 1970.
For
more
Details:
https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org
6. HARVARD: AUSTRALIAN
STYLE
Instructions
Names: First and middle initials without
periods or spaces follow the last name.
Titles: The first letter of the first word of
titles of articles, books and book
chapters is capitalized.
Dates: Use the order: day month year.
Example: Singer, MC 1990, Human
resource management, PWS-Kent Pub.
Co., Boston.
7.
Harvard:
Author-Date Style
This citation is used for books in the
social sciences and natural sciences.
Instructions
Names: Last name followed by first and
middle initials (separated by periods).
Titles: Names of periodicals, titles of
articles, and books are capitalized
headline style excepting for prepositions
and common conjunctions.
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Dates: Use the order: day month year.
Example: Kuhn, Thomas. (1962) 2012.
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions,
50th anniv. ed. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
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8. MLA STYLE
MLA citation format applies to every
source type. It stands for Modern
Language Association.
Instructions
Names: The name of the first author is
inverted (last name first), subsequent
authors’ names are listed as first name
followed by last name.
Titles: Names of periodicals, titles of
articles, and books are capitalized
headline style excepting for prepositions
and common conjunctions.
Dates: Use the order day month year.
Example: Nightingale, Jacqueline, and
Mark Twain. Tom Sawyer. EDCON,
2008.
For more Details: https://style.mla.org/
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9. VANCOUVER/ICMJE STYLE
The ICMJE style is used by many
biomedical journals including the Annals
of Internal Medicine, British Medical
Journal (BMJ), The Lancet, and PLOS
Medicine.
Instructions
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Names: First and middle initials without
periods or spaces follow the last name.
Titles: The first letter of the first word of
titles of articles, books and book
chapters is capitalized.
Dates: Follows the order: year, month
day. Names of the month are shortened
to the standard 3-letter abbreviation
without a period.
Example: Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan
AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIVinfected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002
Jul 25;347(4):284-7.
For more Details: http://www.icmje.org/
GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF THNAMES OF DIFFERENT CITATIONS
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Reference: https://connect.ebsco.com/s/article/Wherecan-I-find-formatted-examples-of-different-Citationstyles?language=en_US
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