Non-Chronological Reports
Non-Chronological Reports
Purpose: to describe the way things are.
Purpose: to describe the way things are
Examples
Examples
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Letter
Non fiction book
Information leaflet
Catalogue
Magazine article
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Structure
Letter
Non fiction book
Information leaflet
Catalogue
Magazine article
Structure
• Opening contains a general
classification
• A description of their chosen subject
• Paragraphs about different aspects of
the subject
• Conclusion
Language Features
• Present tense
• Technical vocabulary relevant to
the subject
• Descriptive and factual language
• General language
• Third person
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• Opening contains a general
classification
• A description of their chosen subject
• Paragraphs about different aspects of
the subject
• Conclusion
Language Features
• Present tense
• Technical vocabulary relevant to
the subject
• Descriptive and factual language
• General language
• Third person
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Recounts
Recounts
Purpose: to retell events, telling what
Purpose: to retell events, telling what
Examples
Examples
happened, a sequence of events.
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Personal story
Diary
Experiment
Retelling events
A biography or autobiography
Newspaper article
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A ‘scene setting’ opening
Recount of events as they occurred
In chronological order
A closing statement summing up the
main points
Structure
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Personal story
Diary
Experiment
Retelling events
A biography or autobiography
Newspaper article
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A ‘scene setting’ opening
Recount of events as they occurred
In chronological order
A closing statement summing up the
main points
Structure
Language Features
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happened, a sequence of events.
Past tense
First or Third person
Use conjunctions
Focus on specific people or events, not
general topics
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Language Features
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Past tense
First or Third person
Use conjunctions
Focus on specific people or events, not
general topics
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Explanations
Explanations
Purpose: to explain how something
Purpose: to explain how something
Examples
Examples
works or why something occurs.
• What causes a tsunami?
• What causes the seasons?
• How does the Moon affect the tides?
Structure
• General statement to introduce the topic
• In chronological order
• Organised around a series of events
Language Features
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Present tense
Third person
Use temporal and causal conjunctions
Include diagrams to add information
Formal voice
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works or why something occurs.
• What causes a tsunami?
• What causes the seasons?
• How does the Moon affect the tides?
Structure
• General statement to introduce the topic
• In chronological order
• Organised around a series of events
Language Features
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Present tense
Third person
Use temporal and causal conjunctions
Include diagrams to add information
Formal voice
twinkl.co.uk
Persuasion
Persuasion
Purpose: to argue the case for a
Purpose: to argue the case for a
Examples
Examples
particular point of view, to persuade others.
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Adverts
Answers to questions
Leaflets
Brochures
Posters
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Structure
Adverts
Answers to questions
Leaflets
Brochures
Posters
Structure
• Often begin with a question
• Clear presentation of the point being
argued
• Arguments
• Summary of the arguments followed by
a restatement of the opening argument
Language Features
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particular point of view, to persuade others.
Present tense
Use temporal conjunctions
Exaggeration and Flattery
Catchy names and slogans
• Often begin with a question
• Clear presentation of the point being
argued
• Arguments
• Summary of the arguments followed by
a restatement of the opening argument
Language Features
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Present tense
Use temporal conjunctions
Exaggeration and Flattery
Catchy names and slogans
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Instructions and Procedures
Instructions and Procedures
Purpose: to instruct how something should
Purpose: to instruct how something should
Examples
Examples
be done through a series of sequenced steps.
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Step-by-step guides
Recipes
How to …
Activity Instuctions
Science investigations
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Structure
Step-by-step guides
Recipes
How to …
Activity Instuctions
Science investigations
Structure
• Statement of what is to be achieved/
needs to be done
• Materials/equipment/items needed
• Sequenced steps
• In chronological order
• Diagram or illustration
Language Features
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be done through a series of sequenced steps.
Present tense
Imperative and formal tone
Second person
Detailed factual information
• Statement of what is to be achieved/
needs to be done
• Materials/equipment/items needed
• Sequenced steps
• In chronological order
• Diagram or illustration
Language Features
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Present tense
Imperative and formal tone
Second person
Detailed factual information
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Discussions or Balanced Arguments
Discussions or Balanced Arguments
Purpose: to present arguments and
Purpose: to present arguments and
Examples
Examples
information from differing viewpoints.
• Should school children wear a uniform?
• Should dogs be kept on a lead in public
places?
Structure
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Usually starts with a question
Opening statement introducing the issue
Arguments for/against
Conclusion
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Present tense
Conjunctions
Third person
Impersonal voice
Formal tone
Technical vocabulary
Language Features
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information from differing viewpoints.
• Should school children wear a uniform?
• Should dogs be kept on a lead in public
places?
Structure
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Usually starts with a question
Opening statement introducing the issue
Arguments for/against
Conclusion
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Present tense
Conjunctions
Third person
Impersonal voice
Formal tone
Technical vocabulary
Language Features
twinkl.co.uk
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