Respi
r
at
or
ySy
st
em Hi
st
ol
ogy
Respi
r
at
or
ySy
st
em Test1
1.
Whi
chcel
li
saal
socal
l
edasept
al
cel
l
?
a.Cl
ar
acel
l
b.Ty
peIpneumocy
t
e
c.Ty
peI
Ipneumocy
t
e
d.Dustcel
l
e.Br
ushcel
l
Answer
:c
TheCl
ar
acel
li
sf
oundi
nt
het
er
mi
nal
br
onchi
ol
es.Thet
y
peIpneumocy
t
e
i
sasquamousepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
.I
tcov
er
smostoft
hesur
f
aceoft
heal
v
eol
i
.
Thet
y
peI
Ipneumocy
t
ei
sal
socal
l
edasept
al
cel
l
.Thet
y
peI
Ipneumocy
t
e
secr
et
essur
f
act
ant
.Thedustcel
li
sal
socal
l
edt
heal
v
eol
arphagocy
t
e.
Br
ushcel
l
sar
eoccasi
onal
l
y
,
butr
ar
el
y
,
seeni
nt
heal
v
eol
arepi
t
hel
i
um.
2.
Whi
chcel
li
sar
espi
r
at
or
ymacr
ophage?
a.Kupf
f
ercel
l
s
b.Hi
st
i
ocy
t
e
c.Dustcel
l
d.Langer
hanscel
l
e.Mi
cr
ogl
i
a
Answer
:c
Macr
ophagesar
emononucl
earphagocy
t
es.Manyt
i
ssueshav
er
esi
dent
(
f
i
xed)macr
ophages.Fi
xedmacr
ophagesar
egi
v
enauni
quename,
dependi
ngont
het
i
ssuet
hatt
heyar
el
ocat
edi
n.Kupf
f
ercel
l
sar
et
he
hepat
i
cmacr
ophages.Hi
st
i
ocy
t
esar
emacr
ophagesseeni
nconnect
i
v
e
t
i
ssue.Dustcel
l
sar
eal
v
eol
armacr
ophagesf
oundi
nt
her
espi
r
at
or
yt
r
act
.
Langer
hanscel
l
sar
emacr
ophagesseeni
nt
heski
n.Mi
cr
ogl
i
aar
et
he
cent
r
alner
v
oussy
st
em macr
ophages.
3.
Whi
chcel
li
sat
y
peofneur
on?
a.Basalcel
l
s
b.Br
ushcel
l
s
c.Ol
f
act
or
ycel
l
s
d.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:c
Ol
f
act
or
ymucosal
i
nest
her
oofandpor
t
i
onsoft
hewal
l
soft
henasal
cav
i
t
y
.I
tcont
ai
nssev
er
alcel
lt
y
pes:basal
cel
l
s,
br
ushcel
l
s,
ol
f
act
or
ycel
l
s
andsust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s.
Basalcel
l
sar
el
ocat
edi
nt
hebasal
l
ami
na.Br
ushcel
l
sar
ei
nv
ol
v
edwi
t
h
gener
alsensat
i
onoft
heol
f
act
or
ymucosa.Ol
f
act
or
ycel
l
sar
ebi
pol
ar
neur
onst
hatar
et
her
ecept
or
sf
orsmel
l
.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
sar
esuppor
t
i
ng
cel
l
s.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
sar
emostnumer
ouscel
lt
y
pei
nt
heol
f
act
or
y
epi
t
hel
i
um.
4.
Whatcel
lt
y
pesar
ef
oundi
nt
her
espi
r
at
or
ymucosa?
a.Ci
l
i
at
edcel
l
s
b.Gobl
etcel
l
s
c.Basalcel
l
s
d.Br
ushcel
l
s
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:e
I
nman,
r
espi
r
at
or
ymucosai
scomposedofci
l
i
at
edpseudost
r
at
i
f
i
ed
col
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um wi
t
hgobl
etcel
l
s.Respi
r
at
or
ymucosacont
ai
ns
sev
er
alcel
lt
y
pes:ci
l
i
at
edcel
l
s,
gobl
etcel
l
s,
basal
cel
l
s,
andbr
ushcel
l
s.
Respi
r
at
or
ymucosai
sl
ocat
edl
i
ni
ngt
her
espi
r
at
or
ysegmentoft
henasal
cav
i
t
y
.I
tl
i
nest
heconchaeandt
hepar
anasal
si
nuses.
5.
Whatt
y
peoft
i
ssuemakesupt
heepi
gl
ot
t
i
s?
a.Compactbone
b.Spongybone
c.Hy
al
i
necar
t
i
l
age
d.Fi
br
ocar
t
i
l
age
e.El
ast
i
ccar
t
i
l
age
Answer
:e
Theepi
gl
ot
t
i
si
spar
toft
hel
ar
y
nx.I
ti
scomposedofel
ast
i
ccar
t
i
l
age.
6.
Whati
st
hesmal
l
estai
r
spaceoft
her
espi
r
at
or
yt
r
ee?
a.Al
v
eol
arduct
b.Al
v
eol
i
c.Al
v
eol
arsac
d.Respi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
e
e.Ter
mi
nalbr
onchi
ol
e
Answer
:b
Ther
espi
r
at
or
yt
r
acti
smadeofbr
anchi
ngst
r
uct
ur
es,
muchl
i
ket
he
br
anchesofat
r
ee.Thet
r
acheabr
anchesi
nt
ot
wobr
onchiwhi
chbr
anch
i
nt
osmal
l
erbr
onchi
.Thebr
onchi
ul
t
i
mat
el
ybr
anchi
nt
osmal
l
er
br
onchi
ol
es.Br
onchi
ol
esar
edi
st
i
ngui
shedf
r
om br
onchii
nt
hatt
heydonot
hav
ecar
t
i
l
ageandsubmucosal
gl
ands.Thet
er
mi
nalbr
onchi
ol
esar
et
he
l
astpar
toft
heai
r
wayi
nwhi
chgasexchangedoesnotoccur
.Ter
mi
nal
br
onchi
ol
esl
eadt
ot
her
espi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
es.Ther
espi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
es
ar
et
hef
i
r
stsect
i
onoft
her
espi
r
at
or
yt
r
eet
hatgasexchangecanoccur
.
Theal
v
eol
iducti
sanal
ogoust
oat
hor
oughf
ar
ewi
t
hmanycul
dusacs
br
anchi
ngof
fofi
t
.Att
heendoft
heal
v
eol
iducti
sanal
v
eol
isac.Anal
v
eol
i
saci
sacl
ust
erofal
v
eol
i
,
muchl
i
keacl
ust
erofgr
apes.Al
v
eol
i
ar
e
i
ndi
v
i
dualsacswher
egasexchangeoccur
s.
7.
Whatt
y
peofepi
t
hel
i
um l
i
nest
het
r
achea?
a.Si
mpl
esquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
b.Si
mpl
ecuboi
dalepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Si
mpl
ecol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um
d.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
e.Pseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edepi
t
hel
i
um
Answer
:e
Thet
r
acheai
sl
i
nedbypseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um.Epi
t
hel
i
um
l
i
nesbodycav
i
t
i
esandsur
f
aces.Pseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um i
s
"
pseudost
r
at
i
f
i
ed"becausei
ti
sonl
yonecel
ll
ay
ert
hi
ck,
y
eti
tappear
st
obe
st
r
at
i
f
i
ed.I
nr
eal
i
t
y
,
ev
er
ycel
lt
ouchest
hebasementmembr
ane.
Not
ef
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:
Thepr
ef
i
x"
pseudo"i
sofGr
eekor
i
gi
nandi
t
meansf
al
seorcount
er
f
ei
t
.Forexampl
e:pseudony
m,
pseudosci
enceor
pseudost
r
at
i
f
i
ed.
8.
Whi
chst
r
uct
ur
ei
spar
toft
heconduct
i
ngpor
t
i
onoft
heai
r
way
?
a.Br
onchi
b.Al
v
eol
arduct
s
c.Al
v
eol
i
d.Al
v
eol
arsacs
e.Respi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
es
Answer
:a
Theconduct
i
ngpor
t
i
onoft
heai
r
wayi
swher
eai
ri
smov
ed,
war
medand
moi
st
ened.Thenasal
cav
i
t
i
es,
phar
y
nx,
l
ar
y
nx,
t
r
acheaandbr
onchiar
eal
l
par
toft
heconduct
i
ngpor
t
i
onoft
heai
r
way
.
Ther
espi
r
at
or
ypor
t
i
onoft
heai
r
wayi
swher
egasexchangeoccur
s.The
r
espi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
es,
al
v
eol
arduct
s,
al
v
eol
arsacsandal
v
eol
iar
eal
lpar
t
oft
her
espi
r
at
or
ypor
t
i
on.
9.
Whatt
y
peofepi
t
hel
i
um l
i
nest
hev
est
i
bul
e?
a.Si
mpl
esquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
b.Si
mpl
ecol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um
c.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
d.Ci
l
i
at
edpseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edepi
t
hel
i
um wi
t
hgobl
etcel
l
s
e.Tr
ansi
t
i
onalepi
t
hel
i
um
Answer
:c
Thev
est
i
bul
ei
sl
i
nedbyst
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um.
10.
Whi
chcar
t
i
l
ageoft
hel
ar
y
nxi
smadeofhy
al
i
necar
t
i
l
age?
a.Thy
r
oi
dcar
t
i
l
age
b.Cr
i
coi
dcar
t
i
l
age
c.Ar
y
t
enoi
dcar
t
i
l
age
d.Cor
ni
cul
at
ecar
t
i
l
age
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:e
Thel
ar
y
nxi
scomposedofsev
er
al
car
t
i
l
ages.Thet
hy
r
oi
dcar
t
i
l
age,
cr
i
coi
d
car
t
i
l
age,
ar
y
t
enoi
dcar
t
i
l
ages,
cor
ni
cul
at
ecar
t
i
l
agesandcunei
f
or
m
car
t
i
l
agesar
eal
lcomposedofhy
al
i
necar
t
i
l
age.Theepi
gl
ot
t
i
si
sel
ast
i
c
car
t
i
l
age.Ther
ei
snof
i
br
ocar
t
i
l
agei
nt
hel
ar
y
nx.
Respi
r
at
or
ySy
st
em Test2
1.
Whatpar
toft
her
espi
r
at
or
yt
r
eei
st
hef
unct
i
onal
uni
twher
egasexchange
occur
s?
a.Al
v
eol
arduct
b.Al
v
eol
i
c.Al
v
eol
arsac
d.Respi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
e
e.Ter
mi
nalbr
onchi
ol
e
Answer
:b
Ther
espi
r
at
or
yt
r
acti
smadeofbr
anchi
ngst
r
uct
ur
es,
muchl
i
ket
he
br
anchesofat
r
ee.Thet
r
acheabr
anchesi
nt
ot
wobr
onchiwhi
chbr
anch
i
nt
osmal
l
erbr
onchi
.Thebr
onchi
ul
t
i
mat
el
ybr
anchi
nt
osmal
l
er
br
onchi
ol
es.Br
onchi
ol
esar
edi
st
i
ngui
shedf
r
om br
onchii
nt
hatt
heydonot
hav
ecar
t
i
l
ageandsubmucosal
gl
ands.Thet
er
mi
nalbr
onchi
ol
esar
et
he
l
astpar
toft
heai
r
wayi
nwhi
chgasexchangedoesnotoccur
.Ter
mi
nal
br
onchi
ol
esl
eadt
ot
her
espi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
es.Ther
espi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
es
ar
et
hef
i
r
stsect
i
onoft
her
espi
r
at
or
yt
r
eet
hatgasexchangecanoccur
.
Theal
v
eol
iducti
sanal
ogoust
oat
hor
oughf
ar
ewi
t
hmanycul
dusacs
br
anchi
ngof
fofi
t
.Att
heendoft
heal
v
eol
iducti
sanal
v
eol
isac.Anal
v
eol
i
saci
sacl
ust
erofal
v
eol
i
,
muchl
i
keacl
ust
erofgr
apes.Al
v
eol
i
ar
e
i
ndi
v
i
dualsacswher
egasexchangeoccur
s.
2.
Whi
chcel
lt
y
pei
si
nv
ol
v
edi
ngener
al
sensat
i
onoft
heol
f
act
or
ymucosa?
a.Basalcel
l
s
b.Br
ushcel
l
s
c.Ol
f
act
or
ycel
l
s
d.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:b
Ol
f
act
or
ymucosal
i
nest
her
oofandpor
t
i
onsoft
hewal
l
soft
henasal
cav
i
t
y
.I
tcont
ai
nssev
er
alcel
lt
y
pes:basal
cel
l
s,
br
ushcel
l
s,
ol
f
act
or
ycel
l
s
andsust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s.
Basalcel
l
sar
el
ocat
edi
nt
hebasal
l
ami
na.Br
ushcel
l
sar
ei
nv
ol
v
edwi
t
h
gener
alsensat
i
onoft
heol
f
act
or
ymucosa.Ol
f
act
or
ycel
l
sar
ebi
pol
ar
neur
onst
hatar
et
her
ecept
or
sf
orsmel
l
.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
sar
esuppor
t
i
ng
cel
l
s.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
sar
emostnumer
ouscel
lt
y
pei
nt
heol
f
act
or
y
epi
t
hel
i
um.
3.
Whatt
y
peofcel
l
sar
ef
oundi
nt
heol
f
act
or
ymucosa?
a.Basalcel
l
s
b.Br
ushcel
l
s
c.Ol
f
act
or
ycel
l
s
d.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:e
Ol
f
act
or
ymucosal
i
nest
her
oofandpor
t
i
onsoft
hewal
l
soft
henasal
cav
i
t
y
.I
tcont
ai
nssev
er
alcel
lt
y
pes:basal
cel
l
s,
br
ushcel
l
s,
ol
f
act
or
ycel
l
s
andsust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s.
Basalcel
l
sar
el
ocat
edi
nt
hebasal
l
ami
na.Br
ushcel
l
sar
ei
nv
ol
v
edwi
t
h
gener
alsensat
i
onoft
heol
f
act
or
ymucosa.Ol
f
act
or
ycel
l
sar
ebi
pol
ar
neur
onst
hatar
et
her
ecept
or
sf
orsmel
l
.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
sar
esuppor
t
i
ng
cel
l
s.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
sar
emostnumer
ouscel
lt
y
pei
nt
heol
f
act
or
y
epi
t
hel
i
um.
4.
Whatt
y
peoft
i
ssuemakesupt
her
i
ngsoft
het
r
achea?
a.Compactbone
b.Spongybone
c.Hy
al
i
necar
t
i
l
age
d.Fi
br
ocar
t
i
l
age
e.El
ast
i
ccar
t
i
l
age
Answer
:c
Ther
i
ngsoft
het
r
acheaar
ecomposedofhy
al
i
necar
t
i
l
age.
5.
Whi
chcel
li
sasquamouspul
monar
yepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
?
a.Cl
ar
acel
l
b.Ty
peIpneumocy
t
e
c.Ty
peI
Ipneumocy
t
e
d.Dustcel
l
e.Br
ushcel
l
Answer
:b
TheCl
ar
acel
li
sf
oundi
nt
het
er
mi
nal
br
onchi
ol
es.Thet
y
peIpneumocy
t
e
i
sasquamousepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
.I
tcov
er
smostoft
hesur
f
aceoft
heal
v
eol
i
.
Thet
y
peI
Ipneumocy
t
ei
sal
socal
l
edasept
al
cel
l
.Thet
y
peI
Ipneumocy
t
e
secr
et
essur
f
act
ant
.Thedustcel
li
sal
socal
l
edt
heal
v
eol
arphagocy
t
e.
Br
ushcel
l
sar
eoccasi
onal
l
y
,
butr
ar
el
y
,
seeni
nt
heal
v
eol
arepi
t
hel
i
um.
6.
Whi
chcel
li
sal
socal
l
edanal
v
eol
arphagocy
t
e?
a.Cl
ar
acel
l
b.Ty
peIpneumocy
t
e
c.Ty
peI
Ipneumocy
t
e
d.Dustcel
l
e.Br
ushcel
l
Answer
:d
TheCl
ar
acel
li
sf
oundi
nt
het
er
mi
nal
br
onchi
ol
es.Thet
y
peIpneumocy
t
e
i
sasquamousepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
.I
tcov
er
smostoft
hesur
f
aceoft
heal
v
eol
i
.
Thet
y
peI
Ipneumocy
t
ei
sal
socal
l
edasept
al
cel
l
.Thet
y
peI
Ipneumocy
t
e
secr
et
essur
f
act
ant
.Thedustcel
li
sal
socal
l
edt
heal
v
eol
arphagocy
t
e.
Br
ushcel
l
sar
eoccasi
onal
l
y
,
butr
ar
el
y
,
seeni
nt
heal
v
eol
arepi
t
hel
i
um.
7.
Whi
chi
sst
r
uct
ur
ei
sNOTpar
toft
heconduct
i
ngpor
t
i
onoft
heai
r
way
?
a.Br
onchi
b.Lar
y
nx
c.Tr
achea
d.Lar
y
nx
e.Respi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
es
Answer
:e
Theconduct
i
ngpor
t
i
onoft
heai
r
wayi
swher
eai
ri
smov
ed,
war
medand
moi
st
ened.Thenasal
cav
i
t
i
es,
phar
y
nx,
l
ar
y
nx,
t
r
acheaandbr
onchiar
eal
l
par
toft
heconduct
i
ngpor
t
i
onoft
heai
r
way
.
Ther
espi
r
at
or
ypor
t
i
onoft
heai
r
wayi
swher
egasexchangeoccur
s.The
r
espi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
es,
al
v
eol
arduct
s,
al
v
eol
arsacsandal
v
eol
iar
eal
lpar
t
oft
her
espi
r
at
or
ypor
t
i
on.
8.
Whatt
y
peoft
i
ssuel
i
nest
hephar
y
nx?
a.Si
mpl
esquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
b.Si
mpl
ecol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um
c.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
d.Ci
l
i
at
edpseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edepi
t
hel
i
um wi
t
hgobl
etcel
l
s
e.Bot
hcandd
Answer
:e
Thephar
y
nxi
sl
i
nedbybot
hst
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um andci
l
i
at
ed
pseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edepi
t
hel
i
um wi
t
hgobl
etcel
l
s.Di
f
f
er
entr
egi
onsar
el
i
nedby
adi
f
f
er
entt
y
peofepi
t
hel
i
um.Regi
onsoft
hephar
y
nxt
hatar
el
i
kel
yt
obe
r
oughenedupbyf
oodar
el
i
nedbyst
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um.Ot
her
r
egi
onsoft
hephar
y
nxar
el
i
nedbyci
l
i
at
edpseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edepi
t
hel
i
um wi
t
h
gobl
etcel
l
s.
9.
Whati
sanol
f
act
or
ycel
l
?
a.Uni
pol
arneur
on
b.Bi
pol
arneur
on
c.Mul
t
i
pol
arneur
on
d.Suppor
t
i
ngcel
l
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:b
Anol
f
act
or
ycel
li
sabi
pol
arneur
on.
10.
Whi
cht
y
peofcar
t
i
l
agei
sf
oundi
nt
hel
ar
y
nx?
a.Hy
al
i
necar
t
i
l
age
b.El
ast
i
ccar
t
i
l
age
c.Fi
br
ocar
t
i
l
age
d.Bot
haandb
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:d
Thel
ar
y
nxi
scomposedofsev
er
al
car
t
i
l
ages.Thet
hy
r
oi
dcar
t
i
l
age,
cr
i
coi
d
car
t
i
l
age,
ar
y
t
enoi
dcar
t
i
l
ages,
cor
ni
cul
at
ecar
t
i
l
agesandcunei
f
or
m
car
t
i
l
agesar
eal
lcomposedofhy
al
i
necar
t
i
l
age.Theepi
gl
ot
t
i
si
sel
ast
i
c
car
t
i
l
age.Ther
ei
snof
i
br
ocar
t
i
l
agei
nt
hel
ar
y
nx.
Respi
r
at
or
ySy
st
em Test
3
1.
Whatst
r
uct
ur
ei
ssi
mi
l
art
oa"
bunchofgr
apes?
a.Al
v
eol
arduct
b.Al
v
eol
i
c.Al
v
eol
arsac
d.Respi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
e
e.Ter
mi
nalbr
onchi
ol
e
Answer
:c
Ther
espi
r
at
or
yt
r
acti
smadeofbr
anchi
ngst
r
uct
ur
es,
muchl
i
ket
he
br
anchesofat
r
ee.Thet
r
acheabr
anchesi
nt
ot
wobr
onchiwhi
chbr
anch
i
nt
osmal
l
erbr
onchi
.Thebr
onchi
ul
t
i
mat
el
ybr
anchi
nt
osmal
l
er
br
onchi
ol
es.Br
onchi
ol
esar
edi
st
i
ngui
shedf
r
om br
onchii
nt
hatt
heydonot
hav
ecar
t
i
l
ageandsubmucosal
gl
ands.Thet
er
mi
nalbr
onchi
ol
esar
et
he
l
astpar
toft
heai
r
wayi
nwhi
chgasexchangedoesnotoccur
.Ter
mi
nal
br
onchi
ol
esl
eadt
ot
her
espi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
es.Ther
espi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
es
ar
et
hef
i
r
stsect
i
onoft
her
espi
r
at
or
yt
r
eet
hatgasexchangecanoccur
.
Theal
v
eol
iducti
sanal
ogoust
oat
hor
oughf
ar
ewi
t
hmanycul
dusacs
br
anchi
ngof
fofi
t
.Att
heendoft
heal
v
eol
iducti
sanal
v
eol
isac.Anal
v
eol
i
saci
sacl
ust
erofal
v
eol
i
,
muchl
i
keacl
ust
erofgr
apes.Al
v
eol
i
ar
e
i
ndi
v
i
dualsacswher
egasexchangeoccur
s.
2.
Whi
chcel
li
sf
oundi
nl
ar
genumber
si
nt
het
er
mi
nal
br
onchi
ol
es?
a.Cl
ar
acel
l
b.Ty
peIpneumocy
t
e
c.Ty
peI
Ipneumocy
t
e
d.Dustcel
l
e.Br
ushcel
l
Answer
:a
TheCl
ar
acel
li
sf
oundi
nt
het
er
mi
nal
br
onchi
ol
es.Thet
y
peIpneumocy
t
e
i
sasquamousepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
.I
tcov
er
smostoft
hesur
f
aceoft
heal
v
eol
i
.
Thet
y
peI
Ipneumocy
t
ei
sal
socal
l
edasept
al
cel
l
.Thet
y
peI
Ipneumocy
t
e
secr
et
essur
f
act
ant
.Thedustcel
li
sal
socal
l
edt
heal
v
eol
arphagocy
t
e.
Br
ushcel
l
sar
eoccasi
onal
l
y
,
butr
ar
el
y
,
seeni
nt
heal
v
eol
arepi
t
hel
i
um.
3.
Whi
chcel
lt
y
pei
sl
ocat
edatt
hebasal
l
ami
naoft
heol
f
act
or
ymucosa?
a.Basalcel
l
s
b.Br
ushcel
l
s
c.Ol
f
act
or
ycel
l
s
d.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:a
Ol
f
act
or
ymucosal
i
nest
her
oofandpor
t
i
onsoft
hewal
l
soft
henasal
cav
i
t
y
.I
tcont
ai
nssev
er
alcel
lt
y
pes:basal
cel
l
s,
br
ushcel
l
s,
ol
f
act
or
ycel
l
s
andsust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s.
Basalcel
l
sar
el
ocat
edi
nt
hebasal
l
ami
na.Br
ushcel
l
sar
ei
nv
ol
v
edwi
t
h
gener
alsensat
i
onoft
heol
f
act
or
ymucosa.Ol
f
act
or
ycel
l
sar
ebi
pol
ar
neur
onst
hatar
et
her
ecept
or
sf
orsmel
l
.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
sar
esuppor
t
i
ng
cel
l
s.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
sar
emostnumer
ouscel
lt
y
pei
nt
heol
f
act
or
y
epi
t
hel
i
um.
4.
Whi
chcel
lt
y
pei
smostnumer
ousi
nol
f
act
or
ymucosa?
a.Basalcel
l
s
b.Br
ushcel
l
s
c.Ol
f
act
or
ycel
l
s
d.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:d
Ol
f
act
or
ymucosal
i
nest
her
oofandpor
t
i
onsoft
hewal
l
soft
henasal
cav
i
t
y
.I
tcont
ai
nssev
er
alcel
lt
y
pes:basal
cel
l
s,
br
ushcel
l
s,
ol
f
act
or
ycel
l
s
andsust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s.
Basalcel
l
sar
el
ocat
edi
nt
hebasal
l
ami
na.Br
ushcel
l
sar
ei
nv
ol
v
edwi
t
h
gener
alsensat
i
onoft
heol
f
act
or
ymucosa.Ol
f
act
or
ycel
l
sar
ebi
pol
ar
neur
onst
hatar
et
her
ecept
or
sf
orsmel
l
.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
sar
esuppor
t
i
ng
cel
l
s.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
sar
emostnumer
ouscel
lt
y
pei
nt
heol
f
act
or
y
epi
t
hel
i
um.
5.
Whatt
y
peofepi
t
hel
i
um i
sf
oundi
nt
her
espi
r
at
or
ymucosaofman?
a.Nonci
l
i
at
edpseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edcol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um wi
t
hgobl
etcel
l
s
b.Ci
l
i
at
edpseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edcol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um wi
t
hgobl
etcel
l
s
c.Si
mpl
ecol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um
d.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
e.Tr
ansi
t
i
onalepi
t
hel
i
um
Answer
:b
I
nman,
r
espi
r
at
or
ymucosai
scomposedofci
l
i
at
edpseudost
r
at
i
f
i
ed
col
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um wi
t
hgobl
etcel
l
s.Respi
r
at
or
ymucosacont
ai
ns
sev
er
alcel
lt
y
pes:ci
l
i
at
edcel
l
s,
gobl
etcel
l
s,
basal
cel
l
s,
andbr
ushcel
l
s.
Respi
r
at
or
ymucosai
sl
ocat
edl
i
ni
ngt
her
espi
r
at
or
ysegmentoft
henasal
cav
i
t
y
.I
tl
i
nest
heconchaeandt
hepar
anasal
si
nuses.
6.
Whatt
y
peoft
i
ssuemakesupt
he"
Adam'
sappl
e"
?
a.Compactbone
b.Spongybone
c.Hy
al
i
necar
t
i
l
age
d.Fi
br
ocar
t
i
l
age
e.El
ast
i
ccar
t
i
l
age
Answer
:e
The"
Adam'
sappl
e"i
sani
cknamef
orpar
toft
hel
ar
y
nxf
or
medbyt
he
t
hy
r
oi
dcar
t
i
l
age.Thet
hy
r
oi
dcar
t
i
l
agei
scomposedofhy
al
i
necar
t
i
l
age.
7.
Whatt
y
peoft
i
ssuef
or
mst
heal
v
eol
i
i
nt
hel
ung?
a.Si
mpl
esquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
b.Si
mpl
ecuboi
dalepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Si
mpl
ecol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um
d.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
e.Pseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edepi
t
hel
i
um
Answer
:a
Theal
v
eol
iar
ef
or
medbysi
mpl
esquamousepi
t
hel
i
um.Epi
t
hel
i
um l
i
nes
bodycav
i
t
i
esandsur
f
aces.Si
mpl
esquamousepi
t
hel
i
um i
s"
si
mpl
e"
becausei
ti
sonecel
lt
hi
ck."
Squamous"r
ef
er
st
ot
hef
actt
hatt
hecel
l
sar
e
f
l
at
.
8.
Whatt
y
peoft
i
ssuel
i
nest
hepar
anasal
si
nuses?
a.Si
mpl
esquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
b.Si
mpl
ecol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um
c.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
d.Ci
l
i
at
edpseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edepi
t
hel
i
um wi
t
hgobl
etcel
l
s
e.Tr
ansi
t
i
onalepi
t
hel
i
um
Answer
:d
Thepar
anasalsi
nusesar
el
i
nedbyci
l
i
at
edpseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edepi
t
hel
i
um wi
t
h
gobl
etcel
l
s.
9.
I
nwhi
chst
r
uct
ur
edoesgasexchangeNOToccur
?
a.Al
v
eol
arduct
b.Al
v
eol
i
c.Al
v
eol
arsac
d.Respi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
e
e.Ter
mi
nalbr
onchi
ol
e
Answer
:e
Ther
espi
r
at
or
yt
r
acti
smadeofbr
anchi
ngst
r
uct
ur
es,
muchl
i
ket
he
br
anchesofat
r
ee.Thet
r
acheabr
anchesi
nt
ot
wobr
onchiwhi
chbr
anch
i
nt
osmal
l
erbr
onchi
.Thebr
onchi
ul
t
i
mat
el
ybr
anchi
nt
osmal
l
er
br
onchi
ol
es.Br
onchi
ol
esar
edi
st
i
ngui
shedf
r
om br
onchii
nt
hatt
heydonot
hav
ecar
t
i
l
ageandsubmucosal
gl
ands.Thet
er
mi
nalbr
onchi
ol
esar
et
he
l
astpar
toft
heai
r
wayi
nwhi
chgasexchangedoesnotoccur
.Ter
mi
nal
br
onchi
ol
esl
eadt
ot
her
espi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
es.Ther
espi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
es
ar
et
hef
i
r
stsect
i
onoft
her
espi
r
at
or
yt
r
eet
hatgasexchangecanoccur
.
Theal
v
eol
iducti
sanal
ogoust
oat
hor
oughf
ar
ewi
t
hmanycul
dusacs
br
anchi
ngof
fofi
t
.Att
heendoft
heal
v
eol
iducti
sanal
v
eol
isac.Anal
v
eol
i
saci
sacl
ust
erofal
v
eol
i
,
muchl
i
keacl
ust
erofgr
apes.Al
v
eol
i
ar
e
i
ndi
v
i
dualsacswher
egasexchangeoccur
s.
10.
Whi
chcel
lsecr
et
essur
f
act
ant
?
a.Cl
ar
acel
l
b.Ty
peIpneumocy
t
e
c.Ty
peI
Ipneumocy
t
e
d.Dustcel
l
e.Br
ushcel
l
Answer
:c
TheCl
ar
acel
li
sf
oundi
nt
het
er
mi
nal
br
onchi
ol
es.Thet
y
peIpneumocy
t
e
i
sasquamousepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
.I
tcov
er
smostoft
hesur
f
aceoft
heal
v
eol
i
.
Thet
y
peI
Ipneumocy
t
ei
sal
socal
l
edasept
al
cel
l
.Thet
y
peI
Ipneumocy
t
e
secr
et
essur
f
act
ant
.Thedustcel
li
sal
socal
l
edt
heal
v
eol
arphagocy
t
e.
Br
ushcel
l
sar
eoccasi
onal
l
y
,
butr
ar
el
y
,
seeni
nt
heal
v
eol
arepi
t
hel
i
um.
Respi
r
at
or
ySy
st
em Test4
1.
Whi
chcar
t
i
l
ageoft
hel
ar
y
nxi
smadeofel
ast
i
ccar
t
i
l
age?
a.Thy
r
oi
dcar
t
i
l
age
b.Cr
i
coi
dcar
t
i
l
age
c.Ar
y
t
enoi
dcar
t
i
l
age
d.Epi
gl
ot
t
i
s
e.Cor
ni
cul
at
ecar
t
i
l
age
Answer
:d
Thel
ar
y
nxi
scomposedofsev
er
al
car
t
i
l
ages.Thet
hy
r
oi
dcar
t
i
l
age,
cr
i
coi
d
car
t
i
l
age,
ar
y
t
enoi
dcar
t
i
l
ages,
cor
ni
cul
at
ecar
t
i
l
agesandcunei
f
or
m
car
t
i
l
agesar
eal
lcomposedofhy
al
i
necar
t
i
l
age.Theepi
gl
ot
t
i
si
sel
ast
i
c
car
t
i
l
age.Ther
ei
snof
i
br
ocar
t
i
l
agei
nt
hel
ar
y
nx.
2.
Whi
chcel
li
sr
ar
el
yf
oundi
nt
heal
v
eol
us?
a.Cl
ar
acel
l
b.Ty
peIpneumocy
t
e
c.Ty
peI
Ipneumocy
t
e
d.Dustcel
l
e.Br
ushcel
l
Answer
:e
TheCl
ar
acel
li
sf
oundi
nt
het
er
mi
nal
br
onchi
ol
es.Thet
y
peIpneumocy
t
e
i
sasquamousepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
.I
tcov
er
smostoft
hesur
f
aceoft
heal
v
eol
i
.
Thet
y
peI
Ipneumocy
t
ei
sal
socal
l
edasept
al
cel
l
.Thet
y
peI
Ipneumocy
t
e
secr
et
essur
f
act
ant
.Thedustcel
li
sal
socal
l
edt
heal
v
eol
arphagocy
t
e.
Br
ushcel
l
sar
eoccasi
onal
l
y
,
butr
ar
el
y
,
seeni
nt
heal
v
eol
arepi
t
hel
i
um.
3.
Whatar
et
heal
v
eol
arpor
escal
l
ed?
a.Por
esofLuschka
b.Por
esofDescemet
c.Por
esofMal
l
d.Por
esofKohn
e.Por
esofDi
sse
Answer
:d
Theal
v
eol
arpor
esar
et
hepor
esofKohn.Thesear
eopeni
ngsbet
ween
adj
acental
v
eol
i
.
4.
Whati
st
hef
i
r
stpor
t
i
onoft
her
espi
r
at
or
yt
r
eewher
egasexchangecan
occur
?
a.Al
v
eol
arduct
b.Al
v
eol
i
c.Al
v
eol
arsac
d.Respi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
e
e.Ter
mi
nalbr
onchi
ol
e
Answer
:d
Ther
espi
r
at
or
yt
r
acti
smadeofbr
anchi
ngst
r
uct
ur
es,
muchl
i
ket
he
br
anchesofat
r
ee.Thet
r
acheabr
anchesi
nt
ot
wobr
onchiwhi
chbr
anch
i
nt
osmal
l
erbr
onchi
.Thebr
onchi
ul
t
i
mat
el
ybr
anchi
nt
osmal
l
er
br
onchi
ol
es.Br
onchi
ol
esar
edi
st
i
ngui
shedf
r
om br
onchii
nt
hatt
heydonot
hav
ecar
t
i
l
ageandsubmucosal
gl
ands.Thet
er
mi
nalbr
onchi
ol
esar
et
he
l
astpar
toft
heai
r
wayi
nwhi
chgasexchangedoesnotoccur
.Ter
mi
nal
br
onchi
ol
esl
eadt
ot
her
espi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
es.Ther
espi
r
at
or
ybr
onchi
ol
es
ar
et
hef
i
r
stsect
i
onoft
her
espi
r
at
or
yt
r
eet
hatgasexchangecanoccur
.
Theal
v
eol
iducti
sanal
ogoust
oat
hor
oughf
ar
ewi
t
hmanycul
dusacs
br
anchi
ngof
fofi
t
.Att
heendoft
heal
v
eol
iducti
sanal
v
eol
isac.Anal
v
eol
i
saci
sacl
ust
erofal
v
eol
i
,
muchl
i
keacl
ust
erofgr
apes.Al
v
eol
i
ar
e
i
ndi
v
i
dualsacswher
egasexchangeoccur
s.
GISy
st
em Hi
st
ol
ogy
GISy
st
em Test1
1.
Wher
ei
st
hepr
i
mar
ysi
t
ef
orabsor
pt
i
onofnut
r
i
ent
s?
a.St
omach
b.Smal
li
nt
est
i
ne
c.Ascendi
ngcol
on
d.Descendi
ngcol
on
e.Bot
haandbequal
l
y
Answer
:b
Thesmal
li
nt
est
i
nei
st
hepr
i
mar
ysi
t
ef
orabsor
pt
i
onofnut
r
i
ent
s.
2.
Whatar
et
hef
i
ngerl
i
kepr
oj
ect
i
onsofmucosat
hatar
eseeni
nt
hesmal
l
i
nt
est
i
ne?
a.Lact
eal
b.Cr
y
pt
sofLi
eber
kuhn
c.Pl
i
caeci
r
cul
ar
es
d.St
r
i
at
edbor
der
e.Vi
l
l
i
Answer
:e
Ther
ear
esev
er
al
f
eat
ur
esoft
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
ne.
Thel
y
mphat
i
ccapi
l
l
ar
ywi
t
hi
nav
i
l
l
usoft
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nei
sal
act
eal
.
Cr
y
pt
sofLi
eber
kuhnar
et
hei
nt
est
i
nal
gl
ands.
Thepl
i
caci
r
cul
ar
esi
sapr
oj
ect
i
onwi
t
hacor
eofsubmucosa.Thepl
i
ca
ci
r
cul
ar
esi
sal
socal
l
edt
hev
al
v
eofKer
ckr
i
ng.
Mi
cr
ov
i
l
l
it
hatar
eseenont
heepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
si
nt
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nef
or
mt
he
br
ushbor
derorst
r
i
at
edbor
der
.
Vi
l
l
iar
ef
i
ngerl
i
kepr
oj
ect
i
onsofmucosaseeni
nt
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
ne.
3.
Whati
st
heout
erl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
actcal
l
edwheni
ti
sabut
t
i
nganot
her
or
gan?
a.Mucosa
b.Submucosa
c.Muscul
ar
i
sext
er
na
d.Ser
osa
e.Adv
ent
i
t
i
a
Answer
:e
Themucosai
st
hei
nner
mostl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
act
.I
tconsi
st
sofepi
t
hel
i
um,
l
ami
napr
opr
i
a,
andmuscul
ar
i
smucosa.
Thesubmucosai
sconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Wi
t
hi
ni
tar
el
y
mphat
i
cv
essel
sand
ner
v
epl
exuses.Mei
ssner
'
spl
exusi
sl
ocat
edi
nt
hesubmucosa.
Themuscul
ar
i
sext
er
naconsi
st
soft
hi
ckl
ay
er
sofsmoot
hmuscl
e.I
t
cont
ai
nsAuer
bach'
spl
exus.
Theout
erl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
acti
sei
t
heranadv
ent
i
t
i
aorser
osa.Theser
osa
consi
st
sofonl
yasi
ngl
el
ay
erofepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
sandunder
l
y
i
ngconnect
i
v
e
t
i
ssue.Theadv
ent
i
t
i
ai
st
heout
erl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
actwheni
ti
sabut
t
i
ng
anot
heror
gant
hepost
er
i
orabdomi
nal
wal
l
.
4.
Wher
ei
smast
i
cat
or
ymucosaf
ound
a.Tongueunder
si
de
b.Har
dpal
at
e
c.Sof
tpal
at
e
d.Li
ps
e.Cheek
Answer
:b
Themast
i
cat
or
ymucosai
sl
ocat
edont
hehar
dpal
at
eandgi
ngi
v
a.Li
ni
ng
mucosai
sf
oundont
heunder
si
deoft
het
ongue,
l
i
ps,
cheek,
andsof
t
pal
at
e.
5.
Whati
st
hesur
f
acel
ay
erofmast
i
cat
or
ymucosacomposedof
?
a.Nonker
at
i
ni
zedst
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
b.Ker
at
i
ni
zedst
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Si
mpl
esquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
d.Pseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
e.Bot
haandb
Answer
:e
Themast
i
cat
or
ymucosai
sl
ocat
edont
hehar
dpal
at
eandgi
ngi
v
a.The
sur
f
acel
ay
erofmast
i
cat
or
ymucosai
sst
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um.
(
Remember
,
epi
t
hel
i
um l
i
nesbodycav
i
t
i
esandcov
er
sbodysur
f
aces)
.The
st
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um i
sker
at
i
ni
zed.Howev
er
,
somer
egi
onsof
t
hemast
i
cat
or
ymucosaar
ecov
er
edwi
t
hnonker
at
i
ni
zedst
r
at
i
f
i
ed
squamousepi
t
hel
i
um andpar
aker
at
i
ni
zedepi
t
hel
i
um.Par
aker
at
i
ni
zed
epi
t
hel
i
um i
ssi
mi
l
art
oker
at
i
ni
zedepi
t
hel
i
um,
exceptt
hati
n
par
aker
at
i
ni
zedepi
t
hel
i
um cel
lnucl
ei
ar
epr
esenti
nt
hest
r
at
um cor
neum.
6.
Whi
chl
ay
eri
sNOTpr
esenti
nmast
i
cat
or
yepi
t
hel
i
um?
a.St
r
at
um basal
e
b.St
r
at
um spi
nosum
c.St
r
at
um gr
anul
osum
d.St
r
at
um l
uci
dum
e.St
r
at
um cor
neum
Answer
:d
Thel
ay
er
soft
hemast
i
cat
or
yepi
t
hel
i
um ar
esi
mi
l
art
ot
hel
ay
er
soft
he
epi
der
mi
s.Thest
r
at
um l
uci
dum i
snotpr
esenti
nt
hemast
i
cat
or
y
epi
t
hel
i
um.
Theepi
der
mi
si
sdi
v
i
dedi
nt
of
i
v
el
ay
er
s:st
r
at
um basal
e,
st
r
at
um
spi
nosum,
st
r
at
um gr
anul
osum,
st
r
at
um l
uci
dum,
andst
r
at
um cor
neum.
Thest
r
at
um basal
econt
ai
nst
hedi
v
i
di
ngcel
l
s.Thi
sl
ay
eri
sal
socal
l
edt
he
st
r
at
um ger
mi
nat
i
v
um.Thest
r
at
um spi
nosum consi
st
sofal
ay
ersev
er
al
cel
l
sdeep.Thecel
l
shav
epoi
nt
yorspi
nypr
ocessesont
hem.Thecel
l
si
n
t
hest
r
at
um gr
anul
osum cont
ai
nker
at
ohy
al
i
negr
anul
es.Thest
r
at
um
l
uci
dum i
spr
esentonl
yi
nt
hi
ckski
n.Thest
r
at
um cor
neum i
st
he
out
er
mostl
ay
er
.Thecel
l
si
nt
hi
sl
ay
erar
eessent
i
al
l
ybagsofker
at
i
n.They
cont
ai
nnonucl
eioror
ganel
l
es.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:Myf
av
or
i
t
emnemoni
cf
orr
emember
i
ng
t
hel
ay
er
soft
heski
n:"
Cal
i
f
or
ni
anLadi
esGi
v
eSuper
bBackr
ubs"
.
7.
Whi
cht
y
peofpapi
l
l
aeont
het
onguei
st
hemostabundant
?
a.Fi
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae
b.Ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
ae
c.Fungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae
d.Fol
i
at
epapi
l
l
ae
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:a
Thepapi
l
l
aeont
het
onguear
el
ocat
edant
er
i
or
l
yt
ot
hesul
cust
er
mi
nal
i
s.
Thet
onguecont
ai
nspr
i
mar
i
l
yt
hr
eet
y
pesofpapi
l
l
ae:f
i
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae,
ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
aeandf
ungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae.Thef
i
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
et
he
smal
l
estandmostabundant
.Fi
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
et
heonl
ypapi
l
l
aeont
he
t
onguewhi
chdonotcont
ai
nt
ast
ebuds.Ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
ael
ar
ge
papi
l
l
aear
r
angedi
na"
V"shape.Fungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
emushr
oom shaped.
Fol
i
at
epapi
l
l
aear
enotwel
ldev
el
opedi
nmanandar
eseenont
heedgesof
t
het
ongue.Tast
ebudsar
ef
oundonci
cumv
al
l
at
e,
f
ungi
f
or
m,
andf
ol
i
at
e
papi
l
l
ae.
8.
Whati
st
hei
nner
mostl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
actcal
l
ed?
a.Mucosa
b.Submucosa
c.Muscul
ar
i
sext
er
na
d.Ser
osa
e.Adv
ent
i
t
i
a
Answer
:a
Themucosai
st
hei
nner
mostl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
act
.I
tconsi
st
sofepi
t
hel
i
um,
l
ami
napr
opr
i
a,
andmuscul
ar
i
smucosa.
Thesubmucosai
sconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Wi
t
hi
ni
tar
el
y
mphat
i
cv
essel
sand
ner
v
epl
exuses.Mei
ssner
'
spl
exusi
sl
ocat
edi
nt
hesubmucosa.
Themuscul
ar
i
sext
er
naconsi
st
soft
hi
ckl
ay
er
sofsmoot
hmuscl
e.I
t
cont
ai
nsAuer
bach'
spl
exus.
Theout
erl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
acti
sei
t
heranadv
ent
i
t
i
aorser
osa.Theser
osa
consi
st
sofonl
yasi
ngl
el
ay
erofepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
sandunder
l
y
i
ngconnect
i
v
e
t
i
ssue.Theadv
ent
i
t
i
ai
st
heout
erl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
actwheni
ti
sabut
t
i
ng
anot
heror
gant
hepost
er
i
orabdomi
nal
wal
l
.
9.
Whati
st
hel
y
mphat
i
ccapi
l
l
ar
ywi
t
hi
nav
i
l
l
usoft
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
necal
l
ed?
a.Lact
eal
b.Cr
y
pt
sofLi
eber
kuhn
c.Pl
i
caeci
r
cul
ar
es
d.St
r
i
at
edbor
der
e.Vi
l
l
i
Answer
:a
Ther
ear
esev
er
al
f
eat
ur
esoft
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
ne.
Thel
y
mphat
i
ccapi
l
l
ar
ywi
t
hi
nav
i
l
l
usoft
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nei
sal
act
eal
.
Cr
y
pt
sofLi
eber
kuhnar
et
hei
nt
est
i
nal
gl
ands.
Thepl
i
caci
r
cul
ar
esi
sapr
oj
ect
i
onwi
t
hacor
eofsubmucosa.Thepl
i
ca
ci
r
cul
ar
esi
sal
socal
l
edt
hev
al
v
eofKer
ckr
i
ng.
Mi
cr
ov
i
l
l
it
hatar
eseenont
heepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
si
nt
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nef
or
mt
he
br
ushbor
derorst
r
i
at
edbor
der
.
Vi
l
l
iar
ef
i
ngerl
i
kepr
oj
ect
i
onsofmucosaseeni
nt
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
ne.
10.
Whi
cht
y
peofpapi
l
l
aeont
het
onguei
snotwel
ldev
el
opedi
nman?
a.Fi
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae
b.Ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
ae
c.Fungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae
d.Fol
i
at
epapi
l
l
ae
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:d
Thepapi
l
l
aeont
het
onguear
el
ocat
edant
er
i
or
l
yt
ot
hesul
cust
er
mi
nal
i
s.
Thet
onguecont
ai
nspr
i
mar
i
l
yt
hr
eet
y
pesofpapi
l
l
ae:f
i
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae,
ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
aeandf
ungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae.Thef
i
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
et
he
smal
l
estandmostabundant
.Fi
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
et
heonl
ypapi
l
l
aeont
he
t
onguewhi
chdonotcont
ai
nt
ast
ebuds.Ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
ael
ar
ge
papi
l
l
aear
r
angedi
na"
V"shape.Fungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
emushr
oom shaped.
Fol
i
at
epapi
l
l
aear
enotwel
ldev
el
opedi
nmanandar
eseenont
heedgesof
t
het
ongue.Tast
ebudsar
ef
oundonci
cumv
al
l
at
e,
f
ungi
f
or
m,
andf
ol
i
at
e
papi
l
l
ae.
GISy
st
em Test2
1.
Whi
chcr
ani
alner
v
ei
sr
esponsi
bl
ef
ort
ast
et
ot
hepost
er
i
or1/
3oft
he
t
ongue?
a.V
b.VI
I
c.I
X
d.X
e.XI
I
Answer
:c
2.
Whi
chcr
ani
alner
v
et
ot
het
onguei
sr
esponsi
bl
ef
ormov
ement
?
a.V
b.VI
I
c.I
X
d.X
e.XI
I
Answer
:e
3.
Whi
chcr
ani
alner
v
ei
sr
esponsi
bl
ef
orgener
al
sensat
i
ont
ot
heant
er
i
or2/
3
oft
het
ongue?
a.V
b.VI
I
c.I
X
d.X
e.XI
I
Answer
:a
4.
Whi
chcr
ani
alner
v
ei
sr
esponsi
bl
ef
ort
ast
et
ot
heant
er
i
or2/
3oft
he
t
ongue?
a.V
b.VI
I
c.I
X
d.X
e.XI
I
Answer
:b
5.
Whi
chcr
ani
alner
v
ei
sr
esponsi
bl
ef
orgener
al
sensat
i
ont
ot
hepost
er
i
or
1/
3of
t
het
ongue?
a.V
b.VI
I
c.I
X
d.X
e.XI
I
Answer
:c
Cr
ani
alner
v
eV(
t
r
i
gemi
nal
ner
v
e)i
sr
esponsi
bl
ef
orgener
alsensat
i
ont
o
t
heant
er
i
or2/
3oft
het
ongue.Cr
ani
al
ner
v
eVI
I(
f
aci
alner
v
e)i
sr
esponsi
bl
e
f
ort
ast
esensat
i
onf
r
om t
heant
er
i
or2/
3oft
het
ongue.Cr
ani
alner
v
eI
X
(
gl
ossophar
y
ngeal
ner
v
e)i
sr
esponsi
bl
ef
ort
ast
esensat
i
onf
r
om t
he
post
er
i
or1/
3oft
het
ongue.Cr
ani
al
ner
v
eI
Xi
sal
sor
esponsi
bl
ef
orgener
al
sensat
i
onf
r
om t
hepost
er
i
or1/
3oft
het
ongue.Cr
ani
alner
v
eXI
I
(
hy
pogl
ossalner
v
e)i
nner
v
at
est
hemuscl
esoft
het
onguet
her
ebyel
i
ci
t
i
ng
mov
ementoft
het
ongue.
6.
Whatcov
er
st
het
oot
ht
hati
sembeddedwi
t
hi
nt
hej
aw?
a.Pul
pcav
i
t
y
b.Dent
i
n
c.Dent
alpul
p
d.Cement
um
e.Enamel
Answer
:d
Thecent
r
alpor
t
i
onofat
oot
hi
st
hepul
pcav
i
t
y
.Thepul
pcav
i
t
yi
s
sur
r
oundedbydent
i
n.Wi
t
hi
nt
hepul
pcav
i
t
yi
sasof
tt
i
ssue,
cal
l
eddent
al
pul
p.Cement
um cov
er
st
hepar
toft
het
oot
ht
hati
swi
t
hi
nt
hej
aw.Enamel
cov
er
st
hepar
toft
het
oot
hwi
t
hi
nt
heor
al
cav
i
t
y
.
7.
Whati
swi
t
hi
nt
hepul
pcav
i
t
y
?
a.Pul
pcav
i
t
y
b.Dent
i
n
c.Dent
alpul
p
d.Cement
um
e.Enamel
Answer
:c
Thecent
r
alpor
t
i
onofat
oot
hi
st
hepul
pcav
i
t
y
.Thepul
pcav
i
t
yi
s
sur
r
oundedbydent
i
n.Wi
t
hi
nt
hepul
pcav
i
t
yi
sasof
tt
i
ssue,
cal
l
eddent
al
pul
p.Cement
um cov
er
st
hepar
toft
het
oot
ht
hati
swi
t
hi
nt
hej
aw.Enamel
cov
er
st
hepar
toft
het
oot
hwi
t
hi
nt
heor
al
cav
i
t
y
.
8.
Whati
st
hecent
r
alpor
t
i
onofat
oot
hcal
l
ed?
a.Pul
pcav
i
t
y
b.Dent
i
n
c.Dent
alpul
p
d.Cement
um
e.Enamel
Answer
:a
Thecent
r
alpor
t
i
onofat
oot
hi
st
hepul
pcav
i
t
y
.Thepul
pcav
i
t
yi
s
sur
r
oundedbydent
i
n.Wi
t
hi
nt
hepul
pcav
i
t
yi
sasof
tt
i
ssue,
cal
l
eddent
al
pul
p.Cement
um cov
er
st
hepar
toft
het
oot
ht
hati
swi
t
hi
nt
hej
aw.Enamel
cov
er
st
hepar
toft
het
oot
hwi
t
hi
nt
heor
al
cav
i
t
y
.
9.
Whatcov
er
st
hev
i
si
bl
epor
t
i
onofat
oot
h?
a.Pul
pcav
i
t
y
b.Dent
i
n
c.Dent
alpul
p
d.Cement
um
e.Enamel
Answer
:e
Thecent
r
alpor
t
i
onofat
oot
hi
st
hepul
pcav
i
t
y
.Thepul
pcav
i
t
yi
s
sur
r
oundedbydent
i
n.Wi
t
hi
nt
hepul
pcav
i
t
yi
sasof
tt
i
ssue,
cal
l
eddent
al
pul
p.Cement
um cov
er
st
hepar
toft
het
oot
ht
hati
swi
t
hi
nt
hej
aw.Enamel
cov
er
st
hepar
toft
het
oot
hwi
t
hi
nt
heor
al
cav
i
t
y
.
10.
Whatsur
r
oundst
hepul
pcav
i
t
y
?
a.Pul
pcav
i
t
y
b.Dent
i
n
c.Dent
alpul
p
d.Cement
um
e.Enamel
Answer
:b
Thecent
r
alpor
t
i
onofat
oot
hi
st
hepul
pcav
i
t
y
.Thepul
pcav
i
t
yi
s
sur
r
oundedbydent
i
n.Wi
t
hi
nt
hepul
pcav
i
t
yi
sasof
tt
i
ssue,
cal
l
eddent
al
pul
p.Cement
um cov
er
st
hepar
toft
het
oot
ht
hati
swi
t
hi
nt
hej
aw.Enamel
cov
er
st
hepar
toft
het
oot
hwi
t
hi
nt
heor
al
cav
i
t
y
.
GISy
st
em Test3
1.
Whi
chl
ay
ercont
ai
nst
hel
ami
napr
opr
i
a?
a.Mucosa
b.Submucosa
c.Muscul
ar
i
sext
er
na
d.Ser
osa
e.Adv
ent
i
t
i
a
Answer
:a
Themucosai
st
hei
nner
mostl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
act
.I
tconsi
st
sofepi
t
hel
i
um,
l
ami
napr
opr
i
a,
andmuscul
ar
i
smucosa.
Thesubmucosai
sconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Wi
t
hi
ni
tar
el
y
mphat
i
cv
essel
sandner
v
epl
exuses.
Mei
ssner
'
spl
exusi
sl
ocat
edi
nt
hesubmucosa.
Themuscul
ar
i
sext
er
naconsi
st
soft
hi
ckl
ay
er
sofsmoot
hmuscl
e.I
tcont
ai
nsAuer
bach'
s
pl
exus.
Theout
erl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
acti
sei
t
heranadv
ent
i
t
i
aorser
osa.Theser
osaconsi
st
sofonl
ya
si
ngl
el
ay
erofepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
sandunder
l
y
i
ngconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Theadv
ent
i
t
i
ai
st
heout
er
l
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
actwheni
ti
sabut
t
i
nganot
heror
gant
hepost
er
i
orabdomi
nalwal
l
.
2.
Whati
sanot
hert
er
mf
ort
hev
al
v
eofKer
ckr
i
ng?
a.Lact
eal
b.Cr
y
pt
sofLi
eber
kuhn
c.Pl
i
caeci
r
cul
ar
es
d.St
r
i
at
edbor
der
e.Vi
l
l
i
Answer
:c
Ther
ear
esev
er
al
f
eat
ur
esoft
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
ne.
Thel
y
mphat
i
ccapi
l
l
ar
ywi
t
hi
nav
i
l
l
usoft
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nei
sal
act
eal
.
Cr
y
pt
sofLi
eber
kuhnar
et
hei
nt
est
i
nal
gl
ands.
Thepl
i
caci
r
cul
ar
esi
sapr
oj
ect
i
onwi
t
hacor
eofsubmucosa.Thepl
i
caci
r
cul
ar
esi
sal
so
cal
l
edt
hev
al
v
eofKer
ckr
i
ng.
Mi
cr
ov
i
l
l
it
hatar
eseenont
heepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
si
nt
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nef
or
mt
hebr
ushbor
deror
st
r
i
at
edbor
der
.
Vi
l
l
iar
ef
i
ngerl
i
kepr
oj
ect
i
onsofmucosaseeni
nt
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
ne.
3.
Whi
cht
y
peofpapi
l
l
aeont
het
onguei
st
hesmal
l
est
?
a.Fi
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae
b.Ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
ae
c.Fungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae
d.Fol
i
at
epapi
l
l
ae
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:a
Thepapi
l
l
aeont
het
onguear
el
ocat
edant
er
i
or
l
yt
ot
hesul
cust
er
mi
nal
i
s.Thet
onguecont
ai
ns
pr
i
mar
i
l
yt
hr
eet
y
pesofpapi
l
l
ae:f
i
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae,
ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
aeandf
ungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae.
Thef
i
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
et
hesmal
l
estandmostabundant
.Fi
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
et
heonl
y
papi
l
l
aeont
het
onguewhi
chdonotcont
ai
nt
ast
ebuds.Ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
ael
ar
gepapi
l
l
ae
ar
r
angedi
na"
V"shape.Fungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
emushr
oom shaped.Fol
i
at
epapi
l
l
aear
enot
wel
ldev
el
opedi
nmanandar
eseenont
heedgesoft
het
ongue.Tast
ebudsar
ef
oundon
ci
cumv
al
l
at
e,
f
ungi
f
or
m,
andf
ol
i
at
epapi
l
l
ae.
4.
Wher
ear
ePey
er
'
spat
chesl
ocat
ed?
a.Esophagus
b.St
omach
c.Smal
li
nt
est
i
ne
d.Lar
gei
nt
est
i
ne
e.Rect
um
Answer
:c
Pey
er
'
spat
chesar
el
ar
genodul
esofl
y
mphat
i
ct
i
ssue.Theyar
eseeni
nt
he
smal
li
nt
est
i
ne.
5.
Whatt
y
peofmuscl
emakesupt
hemuscul
ar
i
sext
er
nai
nt
heesophagus?
a.Smoot
h
b.St
r
i
at
ed
c.Car
di
ac
d.bot
haandb
e.a,
b,
andc.
Answer
:d
Themuscul
ar
i
sext
er
nai
nt
heuppert
hi
r
doft
heesophagusi
scomposedofst
r
i
at
edmuscl
e
andi
nt
hel
owert
hi
r
di
ti
ssmoot
hmuscl
e.Themi
ddl
et
hi
r
di
sabl
end.
6.
Whatar
emucoussur
f
acecel
l
s?
a.Si
mpl
esquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
b.Si
mpl
ecuboi
dalepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Si
mpl
ecol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um
d.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
e.Tr
ansi
t
i
onalepi
t
hel
i
um
Answer
:c
Theepi
t
hel
i
um ont
hest
omachi
sl
i
nedbymucoussur
f
acecel
l
swhi
char
easi
mpl
ecol
umnar
epi
t
hel
i
um.
7.
Whi
chl
ay
erconsi
st
sofonl
yasi
ngl
el
ay
erofepi
t
hel
i
alcel
l
sandunder
l
y
i
ng
connect
i
v
et
i
ssue?
a.Mucosa
b.Submucosa
c.Muscul
ar
i
sext
er
na
d.Ser
osa
e.Adv
ent
i
t
i
a
Answer
:d
Themucosai
st
hei
nner
mostl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
act
.I
tconsi
st
sofepi
t
hel
i
um,
l
ami
napr
opr
i
a,
andmuscul
ar
i
smucosa.
Thesubmucosai
sconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Wi
t
hi
ni
tar
el
y
mphat
i
cv
essel
sandner
v
epl
exuses.
Mei
ssner
'
spl
exusi
sl
ocat
edi
nt
hesubmucosa.
Themuscul
ar
i
sext
er
naconsi
st
soft
hi
ckl
ay
er
sofsmoot
hmuscl
e.I
tcont
ai
nsAuer
bach'
s
pl
exus.
Theout
erl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
acti
sei
t
heranadv
ent
i
t
i
aorser
osa.Theser
osaconsi
st
sofonl
ya
si
ngl
el
ay
erofepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
sandunder
l
y
i
ngconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Theadv
ent
i
t
i
ai
st
heout
er
l
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
actwheni
ti
sabut
t
i
nganot
heror
gant
hepost
er
i
orabdomi
nalwal
l
.
8.
Whati
sanot
hert
er
mf
ort
hebr
ushbor
der
?
a.Lact
eal
b.Cr
y
pt
sofLi
eber
kuhn
c.Pl
i
caeci
r
cul
ar
es
d.St
r
i
at
edbor
der
e.Vi
l
l
i
Answer
:d
Ther
ear
esev
er
al
f
eat
ur
esoft
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
ne.
Thel
y
mphat
i
ccapi
l
l
ar
ywi
t
hi
nav
i
l
l
usoft
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nei
sal
act
eal
.
Cr
y
pt
sofLi
eber
kuhnar
et
hei
nt
est
i
nal
gl
ands.
Thepl
i
caci
r
cul
ar
esi
sapr
oj
ect
i
onwi
t
hacor
eofsubmucosa.Thepl
i
caci
r
cul
ar
esi
sal
so
cal
l
edt
hev
al
v
eofKer
ckr
i
ng.
Mi
cr
ov
i
l
l
it
hatar
eseenont
heepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
si
nt
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nef
or
mt
hebr
ushbor
deror
st
r
i
at
edbor
der
.
Vi
l
l
iar
ef
i
ngerl
i
kepr
oj
ect
i
onsofmucosaseeni
nt
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
ne.
9.
Whi
cht
y
peofpapi
l
l
aeont
het
onguei
sar
r
angedi
na"
V"shapeont
het
ongue?
a.Fi
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae
b.Ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
ae
c.Fungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae
d.Fol
i
at
epapi
l
l
ae
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:b
Thepapi
l
l
aeont
het
onguear
el
ocat
edant
er
i
or
l
yt
ot
hesul
cust
er
mi
nal
i
s.Thet
onguecont
ai
ns
pr
i
mar
i
l
yt
hr
eet
y
pesofpapi
l
l
ae:f
i
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae,
ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
aeandf
ungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae.
Thef
i
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
et
hesmal
l
estandmostabundant
.Fi
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
et
heonl
y
papi
l
l
aeont
het
onguewhi
chdonotcont
ai
nt
ast
ebuds.Ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
ael
ar
gepapi
l
l
ae
ar
r
angedi
na"
V"shape.Fungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
emushr
oom shaped.Fol
i
at
epapi
l
l
aear
enot
wel
ldev
el
opedi
nmanandar
eseenont
heedgesoft
het
ongue.Tast
ebudsar
ef
oundon
ci
cumv
al
l
at
e,
f
ungi
f
or
m,
andf
ol
i
at
epapi
l
l
ae.
10.
Whi
chcel
l
ssecr
et
ei
nt
r
i
nsi
cf
act
or
?
a.Par
i
et
alcel
l
s
b.Oxy
nt
i
ccel
l
s
c.Chi
efcel
l
s
c.Mucousneckcel
l
s
e.Bot
haandb
Answer
:e
Chi
efcel
l
ssecr
et
epepsi
nogen.Pepsi
nogeni
st
hepr
ecur
sorf
orpepsi
n.Par
i
et
alcel
l
sar
eal
so
cal
l
edoxy
nt
i
ccel
l
s.Theysecr
et
ehy
dr
ochl
or
i
caci
dandi
nt
r
i
nsi
cf
act
or
.Mucousneckcel
l
s
cont
ai
nmuci
nogengr
anul
es.
GISy
st
em Test4
1.
Whi
chl
ay
ercont
ai
nst
hel
i
ni
ngepi
t
hel
i
um?
a.Mucosa
b.Submucosa
c.Muscul
ar
i
sext
er
na
d.Ser
osa
e.Adv
ent
i
t
i
a
Answer
:a
Themucosai
st
hei
nner
mostl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
act
.I
tconsi
st
sofepi
t
hel
i
um,
l
ami
napr
opr
i
a,
andmuscul
ar
i
smucosa.
Thesubmucosai
sconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Wi
t
hi
ni
tar
el
y
mphat
i
cv
essel
sandner
v
epl
exuses.
Mei
ssner
'
spl
exusi
sl
ocat
edi
nt
hesubmucosa.
Themuscul
ar
i
sext
er
naconsi
st
soft
hi
ckl
ay
er
sofsmoot
hmuscl
e.I
tcont
ai
nsAuer
bach'
s
pl
exus.
Theout
erl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
acti
sei
t
heranadv
ent
i
t
i
aorser
osa.Theser
osaconsi
st
sofonl
ya
si
ngl
el
ay
erofepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
sandunder
l
y
i
ngconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Theadv
ent
i
t
i
ai
st
heout
er
l
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
actwheni
ti
sabut
t
i
nganot
heror
gant
hepost
er
i
orabdomi
nalwal
l
.
2.
Whi
cht
y
peofpapi
l
l
aeont
het
onguedoesNOTcont
ai
nt
ast
ebuds?
a.Fi
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae
b.Ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
ae
c.Fungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae
d.Fol
i
at
epapi
l
l
ae
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:a
Thepapi
l
l
aeont
het
onguear
el
ocat
edant
er
i
or
l
yt
ot
hesul
cust
er
mi
nal
i
s.Thet
onguecont
ai
ns
pr
i
mar
i
l
yt
hr
eet
y
pesofpapi
l
l
ae:f
i
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae,
ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
aeandf
ungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae.
Thef
i
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
et
hesmal
l
estandmostabundant
.Fi
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
et
heonl
y
papi
l
l
aeont
het
onguewhi
chdonotcont
ai
nt
ast
ebuds.Ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
ael
ar
gepapi
l
l
ae
ar
r
angedi
na"
V"shape.Fungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
emushr
oom shaped.Fol
i
at
epapi
l
l
aear
enot
wel
ldev
el
opedi
nmanandar
eseenont
heedgesoft
het
ongue.Tast
ebudsar
ef
oundon
ci
cumv
al
l
at
e,
f
ungi
f
or
m,
andf
ol
i
at
epapi
l
l
ae.
3.
Whi
chl
ay
ercont
ai
nsAuer
bach'
spl
exus?
a.Mucosa
b.Submucosa
c.Muscul
ar
i
sext
er
na
d.Ser
osa
e.Adv
ent
i
t
i
a
Answer
:c
Themucosai
st
hei
nner
mostl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
act
.I
tconsi
st
sofepi
t
hel
i
um,
l
ami
napr
opr
i
a,
andmuscul
ar
i
smucosa.
Thesubmucosai
sconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Wi
t
hi
ni
tar
el
y
mphat
i
cv
essel
sandner
v
epl
exuses.
Mei
ssner
'
spl
exusi
sl
ocat
edi
nt
hesubmucosa.
Themuscul
ar
i
sext
er
naconsi
st
soft
hi
ckl
ay
er
sofsmoot
hmuscl
e.I
tcont
ai
nsAuer
bach'
s
pl
exus.
Theout
erl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
acti
sei
t
heranadv
ent
i
t
i
aorser
osa.Theser
osaconsi
st
sofonl
ya
si
ngl
el
ay
erofepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
sandunder
l
y
i
ngconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Theadv
ent
i
t
i
ai
st
heout
er
l
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
actwheni
ti
sabut
t
i
nganot
heror
gant
hepost
er
i
orabdomi
nalwal
l
.
4.
Whi
chcel
l
ssecr
et
ehy
dr
ochl
or
i
caci
d?
a.Par
i
et
alcel
l
s
b.Oxy
nt
i
ccel
l
s
c.Chi
efcel
l
s
d.Mucousneckcel
l
s
e.Bot
haandb
Answer
:e
Chi
efcel
l
ssecr
et
epepsi
nogen.Pepsi
nogeni
st
hepr
ecur
sorf
orpepsi
n.Par
i
et
alcel
l
sar
eal
so
cal
l
edoxy
nt
i
ccel
l
s.Theysecr
et
ehy
dr
ochl
or
i
caci
dandi
nt
r
i
nsi
cf
act
or
.Mucousneckcel
l
s
cont
ai
nmuci
nogengr
anul
es.
5.
Whati
sanot
hert
er
mf
ort
hei
nt
est
i
nal
gl
ands?
a.Lact
eal
b.Cr
y
pt
sofLi
eber
kuhn
c.Pl
i
caeci
r
cul
ar
es
d.St
r
i
at
edbor
der
e.Vi
l
l
i
Answer
:b
Ther
ear
esev
er
al
f
eat
ur
esoft
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
ne.
Thel
y
mphat
i
ccapi
l
l
ar
ywi
t
hi
nav
i
l
l
usoft
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nei
sal
act
eal
.
Cr
y
pt
sofLi
eber
kuhnar
et
hei
nt
est
i
nal
gl
ands.
Thepl
i
caci
r
cul
ar
esi
sapr
oj
ect
i
onwi
t
hacor
eofsubmucosa.Thepl
i
caci
r
cul
ar
esi
sal
so
cal
l
edt
hev
al
v
eofKer
ckr
i
ng.
Mi
cr
ov
i
l
l
it
hatar
eseenont
heepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
si
nt
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nef
or
mt
hebr
ushbor
deror
st
r
i
at
edbor
der
.
Vi
l
l
iar
ef
i
ngerl
i
kepr
oj
ect
i
onsofmucosaseeni
nt
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
ne.
6.
Whi
chor
ganhasamucosal
i
nedbynonker
at
i
ni
zedst
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um?
a.Esophagus
b.St
omach
c.Smal
li
nt
est
i
ne
d.Lar
gei
nt
est
i
ne
e.Rect
um
Themucosaoft
heesophagusi
smucosal
i
nedbynonker
at
i
ni
zedst
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamous
epi
t
hel
i
um.
7.
Whatar
et
hef
ol
dsoft
hest
omachcal
l
ed?
a.Ruf
f
l
edbor
der
b.Taeni
aecol
i
c.Gast
r
i
cgl
ands
d.Rugae
e.Gast
r
i
cpi
t
s
Thef
ol
dsoft
heempt
yst
omachar
ecal
l
edr
ugae.
8.
Whi
cht
y
peofpapi
l
l
aeont
het
onguei
smushr
oom shaped?
a.Fi
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae
b.Ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
ae
c.Fungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae
d.Fol
i
at
epapi
l
l
ae
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:c
Thepapi
l
l
aeont
het
onguear
el
ocat
edant
er
i
or
l
yt
ot
hesul
cust
er
mi
nal
i
s.Thet
onguecont
ai
ns
pr
i
mar
i
l
yt
hr
eet
y
pesofpapi
l
l
ae:f
i
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae,
ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
aeandf
ungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
ae.
Thef
i
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
et
hesmal
l
estandmostabundant
.Fi
l
i
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
et
heonl
y
papi
l
l
aeont
het
onguewhi
chdonotcont
ai
nt
ast
ebuds.Ci
r
cumv
al
l
at
epapi
l
l
ael
ar
gepapi
l
l
ae
ar
r
angedi
na"
V"shape.Fungi
f
or
m papi
l
l
aear
emushr
oom shaped.Fol
i
at
epapi
l
l
aear
enot
wel
ldev
el
opedi
nmanandar
eseenont
heedgesoft
het
ongue.Tast
ebudsar
ef
oundon
ci
cumv
al
l
at
e,
f
ungi
f
or
m,
andf
ol
i
at
epapi
l
l
ae.
9.
Whi
chl
ay
ercont
ai
nst
hemuscul
ar
i
smucosa?
a.Mucosa
b.Submucosa
c.Muscul
ar
i
sext
er
na
d.Ser
osa
e.Adv
ent
i
t
i
a
Answer
:a
Themucosai
st
hei
nner
mostl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
act
.I
tconsi
st
sofepi
t
hel
i
um,
l
ami
napr
opr
i
a,
andmuscul
ar
i
smucosa.
Thesubmucosai
sconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Wi
t
hi
ni
tar
el
y
mphat
i
cv
essel
sandner
v
epl
exuses.
Mei
ssner
'
spl
exusi
sl
ocat
edi
nt
hesubmucosa.
Themuscul
ar
i
sext
er
naconsi
st
soft
hi
ckl
ay
er
sofsmoot
hmuscl
e.I
tcont
ai
nsAuer
bach'
s
pl
exus.
Theout
erl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
acti
sei
t
heranadv
ent
i
t
i
aorser
osa.Theser
osaconsi
st
sofonl
ya
si
ngl
el
ay
erofepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
sandunder
l
y
i
ngconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Theadv
ent
i
t
i
ai
st
heout
er
l
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
actwheni
ti
sabut
t
i
nganot
heror
gant
hepost
er
i
orabdomi
nalwal
l
.
10.
Whatar
emi
cr
ov
i
l
l
ical
l
edt
hatar
eseeni
nt
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
ne?
a.Lact
eal
b.Cr
y
pt
sofLi
eber
kuhn
c.Pl
i
caeci
r
cul
ar
es
d.St
r
i
at
edbor
der
e.Vi
l
l
i
Answer
:d
Ther
ear
esev
er
al
f
eat
ur
esoft
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
ne.
Thel
y
mphat
i
ccapi
l
l
ar
ywi
t
hi
nav
i
l
l
usoft
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nei
sal
act
eal
.
Cr
y
pt
sofLi
eber
kuhnar
et
hei
nt
est
i
nal
gl
ands.
Thepl
i
caci
r
cul
ar
esi
sapr
oj
ect
i
onwi
t
hacor
eofsubmucosa.Thepl
i
caci
r
cul
ar
esi
sal
so
cal
l
edt
hev
al
v
eofKer
ckr
i
ng.
Mi
cr
ov
i
l
l
it
hatar
eseenont
heepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
si
nt
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nef
or
mt
hebr
ushbor
deror
st
r
i
at
edbor
der
.
Vi
l
l
iar
ef
i
ngerl
i
kepr
oj
ect
i
onsofmucosaseeni
nt
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
ne.
GISy
st
em Test5
1.
Whi
chl
ay
eroft
hegast
r
oi
nt
est
i
nal
t
r
actcont
ai
nst
hegutassoci
at
edl
y
mphat
i
c
t
i
ssue?
a.Mucosa
b.Submucosa
c.Muscul
ar
i
sext
er
na
d.Muscul
ar
i
smucosae
e.Ser
osa
Answer
:a
Thel
ay
er
soft
heGIt
r
actar
e:mucosa,
submucosa,
muscul
ar
i
sext
er
na,
andser
osaor
adv
ent
i
t
i
a.
Themucosai
st
hei
nner
mostl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
act
.Themucosaconsi
st
sofal
i
ni
ngepi
t
hel
i
um,
l
ami
napr
opr
i
aandmuscul
ar
i
smucosae.Gutassoci
at
edl
y
mphat
i
ct
i
ssue(
GALT)i
sf
oundi
n
t
hemucosaandsomet
i
mesext
endsi
nt
ot
hesubmucosa.
Thesubmucosai
scompr
i
sedofdensei
r
r
egul
arconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Wi
t
hi
nt
hesubmucosaar
e
l
y
mphat
i
cv
essel
sandner
v
epl
exuses.Mei
ssner
'
spl
exusi
sl
ocat
edi
nt
hesubmucosa.
Themuscul
ar
i
sext
er
naconsi
st
soft
hi
ckl
ay
er
sofsmoot
hmuscl
e.Themy
ent
er
i
cpl
exusof
Auer
bachi
sl
ocat
edi
nt
hemuscul
ar
i
sext
er
na.
Theout
erl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
acti
sei
t
heranadv
ent
i
t
i
aorser
osa.Theser
osaconsi
st
sofonl
ya
si
ngl
el
ay
erofepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
s(
mesot
hel
i
um)andunder
l
y
i
ngconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Theadv
ent
i
t
i
a
i
st
heout
erl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
actwheni
ti
sabut
t
i
nganot
heror
gant
hepost
er
i
orabdomi
nalwal
l
.
2.
Whi
chcel
l
ssecr
et
epepsi
nogen?
a.Par
i
et
alcel
l
s
b.Oxy
nt
i
ccel
l
s
c.Chi
efcel
l
s
d.Mucousneckcel
l
s
e.Bot
haandb
Answer
:c
Chi
efcel
l
ssecr
et
epepsi
nogen.Pepsi
nogeni
st
hepr
ecur
sorf
orpepsi
n.Par
i
et
alcel
l
sar
eal
so
cal
l
edoxy
nt
i
ccel
l
s.Theysecr
et
ehy
dr
ochl
or
i
caci
dandi
nt
r
i
nsi
cf
act
or
.Mucousneckcel
l
s
cont
ai
nmuci
nogengr
anul
es.
3.
Whi
chl
ay
ercont
ai
nsMei
ssner
'
spl
exus?
a.Mucosa
b.Submucosa
c.Muscul
ar
i
sext
er
na
d.Ser
osa
e.Adv
ent
i
t
i
a
Answer
:b
Themucosai
st
hei
nner
mostl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
act
.I
tconsi
st
sofepi
t
hel
i
um,
l
ami
napr
opr
i
a,
andmuscul
ar
i
smucosa.
Thesubmucosai
sconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Wi
t
hi
ni
tar
el
y
mphat
i
cv
essel
sandner
v
epl
exuses.
Mei
ssner
'
spl
exusi
sl
ocat
edi
nt
hesubmucosa.
Themuscul
ar
i
sext
er
naconsi
st
soft
hi
ckl
ay
er
sofsmoot
hmuscl
e.I
tcont
ai
nsAuer
bach'
s
pl
exus.
Theout
erl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
acti
sei
t
heranadv
ent
i
t
i
aorser
osa.Theser
osaconsi
st
sofonl
ya
si
ngl
el
ay
erofepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
sandunder
l
y
i
ngconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Theadv
ent
i
t
i
ai
st
heout
er
l
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
actwheni
ti
sabut
t
i
nganot
heror
gant
hepost
er
i
orabdomi
nalwal
l
.
4.
Whatt
y
peoft
i
ssuel
i
nesmostoft
hegast
r
oi
nt
est
i
nal
t
r
act
?
a.Si
mpl
esquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
b.Si
mpl
ecuboi
dalepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Si
mpl
ecol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um
d.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
e.Tr
ansi
t
i
onalepi
t
hel
i
um
Answer
:c
Thel
i
ni
ngoft
hegast
r
oi
nt
est
i
nalt
r
acti
ssi
mpl
ecol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um.Epi
t
hel
i
um l
i
nesbody
cav
i
t
i
esandsur
f
aces.Si
mpl
ecol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um i
s"
si
mpl
e"becausei
ti
sonecel
lt
hi
ck.
"
Col
umnar
"cel
l
sar
et
al
l
ert
hant
heyar
ewi
deandhav
eanov
alnucl
eus.
5.
Whatt
y
peoft
i
ssuel
i
nest
heupperesophagus?
a.Si
mpl
esquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
b.Si
mpl
ecuboi
dalepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Si
mpl
ecol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um
d.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
e.Tr
ansi
t
i
onalepi
t
hel
i
um
Answer
:d
Thel
i
ni
ngoft
heupperesophagusi
sst
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um.Epi
t
hel
i
um l
i
nesbody
cav
i
t
i
esandsur
f
aces.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um i
s"
st
r
at
i
f
i
ed"becausei
ti
smor
et
han
onecel
ll
ay
ert
hi
ck."
Squamous"r
ef
er
st
ot
hef
actt
hatt
hesur
f
acecel
l
soft
hel
ay
erar
ef
l
at
.
6.
Whatar
et
hemodi
f
i
cat
i
onsoft
hemuscul
ar
i
sext
er
nat
hati
sseenont
hel
ar
gei
nt
est
i
ne?
a.Teni
aecol
i
b.Cr
y
pt
sofLi
eber
kuhn
c.Pl
i
caeci
r
cul
ar
es
d.St
r
i
at
edbor
der
e.Vi
l
l
i
Answer
:a
Themodi
f
i
cat
i
onsoft
hemuscul
ar
i
sext
er
naseenont
hel
ar
gei
nt
est
i
near
ecal
l
edt
eni
aecol
i
.
Thel
y
mphat
i
ccapi
l
l
ar
ywi
t
hi
nav
i
l
l
usoft
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nei
sal
act
eal
.
Cr
y
pt
sofLi
eber
kuhnar
et
hei
nt
est
i
nal
gl
ands.
Thepl
i
caeci
r
cul
ar
esi
sapr
oj
ect
i
onwi
t
hacor
eofsubmucosa.Thepl
i
caeci
r
cul
ar
esi
sal
so
cal
l
edt
hev
al
v
eofKer
ckr
i
ng.
Mi
cr
ov
i
l
l
it
hatar
eseenont
heepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
si
nt
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nef
or
mt
hebr
ush
bor
derorst
r
i
at
edbor
der
.
Vi
l
l
iar
ef
i
ngerl
i
kepr
oj
ect
i
onsofmucosaseeni
nt
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
ne.
7.
Wher
ear
eBr
unner
'
sgl
andsl
ocat
ed?
a.Esophagus
b.St
omach
c.Smal
li
nt
est
i
ne
d.Lar
gei
nt
est
i
ne
e.Rect
um
Answer
:c
Br
unner
'
sgl
andsar
egl
andsi
nt
hesubmucosaoft
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
ne.
8.
Whati
st
hepr
i
mar
ycel
loft
hei
nt
est
i
nal
epi
t
hel
i
um oft
hel
ar
gei
nt
est
i
ne?
a.Col
umnarabsor
pt
i
v
ecel
l
b.Gobl
etcel
l
c.Par
i
et
alcel
l
s
d.Panet
hcel
l
s
e.Chi
efcel
l
s
Answer
:a
Themaj
orcel
loft
hel
i
ni
ngepi
t
hel
i
um oft
hel
ar
gei
nt
est
i
nei
st
hecol
umnarabsor
pt
i
v
ecel
l
.
9.
Whi
chr
egi
onar
egobl
etcel
l
smostnumer
ous?
a.Esophagus
b.St
omach
c.Smal
li
nt
est
i
ne
d.Lar
gei
nt
est
i
ne
e.Anus
Answer
:d
Gobl
etcel
l
sar
emostnumer
ousi
nt
hel
ar
gei
nt
est
i
ne
10.
Wher
ei
smesot
hel
i
um f
ound?
a.Mucosa
b.Submucosa
c.Muscul
ar
i
sext
er
na
d.Ser
osa
e.Adv
ent
i
t
i
a
Answer
:d
Thel
ay
er
soft
heGIt
r
actar
e:mucosa,
submucosa,
muscul
ar
i
sext
er
na,
andser
osaor
adv
ent
i
t
i
a.
Themucosai
st
hei
nner
mostl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
act
.Themucosaconsi
st
sofal
i
ni
ngepi
t
hel
i
um,
l
ami
napr
opr
i
aandmuscul
ar
i
smucosae.Gutassoci
at
edl
y
mphat
i
ct
i
ssue(
GALT)i
sf
oundi
n
t
hemucosaandsomet
i
mesext
endsi
nt
ot
hesubmucosa.
Thesubmucosai
scompr
i
sedofdensei
r
r
egul
arconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Wi
t
hi
nt
hesubmucosaar
e
l
y
mphat
i
cv
essel
sandner
v
epl
exuses.Mei
ssner
'
spl
exusi
sl
ocat
edi
nt
hesubmucosa.
Themuscul
ar
i
sext
er
naconsi
st
soft
hi
ckl
ay
er
sofsmoot
hmuscl
e.Themy
ent
er
i
cpl
exusof
Auer
bachi
sl
ocat
edi
nt
hemuscul
ar
i
sext
er
na.
Theout
erl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
acti
sei
t
heranadv
ent
i
t
i
aorser
osa.Theser
osaconsi
st
sofonl
ya
si
ngl
el
ay
erofepi
t
hel
i
al
cel
l
s(
mesot
hel
i
um)andunder
l
y
i
ngconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.Theadv
ent
i
t
i
a
i
st
heout
erl
ay
eroft
heGIt
r
actwheni
ti
sabut
t
i
nganot
heror
gant
hepost
er
i
orabdomi
nalwal
l
.
Pancr
easandHepat
obi
l
i
ar
ySy
st
em Test1
1.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas?
a.I
sl
et
sofLanger
hans
b.Al
phacel
l
s
c.Bet
acel
l
s
d.Del
t
acel
l
s
e.Aci
ni
Answer
:e
Thepancr
easi
sbot
hanendocr
i
neandexocr
i
neor
gan.
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
easi
shousedi
nt
hei
sl
et
sofLanger
hans.Wi
t
hi
nt
hei
sl
et
s,
t
her
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pes.Theal
phacel
l
ssecr
et
egl
ucagon.Thebet
acel
l
ssecr
et
ei
nsul
i
n.
Thedel
t
acel
l
ssecr
et
esomat
ost
ai
n.Thegammacel
l
ssecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de.
Theaci
nii
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas.
2.
Whatar
edi
v
er
t
i
ucl
aeoft
hemucosaoft
hegal
l
bl
addercal
l
ed?
a.Roki
t
ansky
Aschof
fsi
nuses
b.Duct
sofLuschka
c.DuctofWi
r
sung
d.Ampul
l
aofVat
er
e.Sphi
nct
erofOddi
Answer
:a
Roki
t
ansky
Aschof
fsi
nusesar
edi
v
er
t
i
ucl
aeoft
hemucosaoft
hegal
l
bl
adder
.Thesmal
lbi
l
e
duct
swhi
chconnecbet
weent
hecy
st
i
cductandl
i
v
erar
et
heduct
sofLuschkaTheductof
Wi
r
sungi
st
hepancr
eat
i
cduct
.Theopeni
ngoft
hepancr
eat
i
cducti
nt
ot
heduodenum i
sat
t
heampul
l
aofVat
er
.Thev
al
v
eswhi
chr
egul
at
est
hef
l
owofbi
l
ei
nt
ot
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nei
st
he
sphi
nct
erofOddi
.
3.
Whatst
r
uct
ur
ei
si
nt
hemi
ddl
eoft
hehepat
i
cl
obul
e?
a.Hepat
i
car
t
er
y
b.Por
t
alt
r
i
ad
c.Cent
r
alv
ei
n
d.Por
t
alv
ei
n
e.Si
nusoi
ds
Answer
:c
Hepat
ocy
t
esar
et
hel
i
v
ercel
l
s.Theyar
ear
r
angedt
of
or
m al
i
v
erl
obul
e,
whi
chi
st
hef
unct
i
onal
uni
toft
hel
i
v
er
.Thel
i
v
erl
obul
ei
sahexagonal
shapedst
r
uct
ur
e.Att
heangl
esoft
hel
i
v
er
l
obul
ear
epor
t
alt
r
i
ads.Thepor
t
al
t
r
i
adi
scomposedofabr
anchoft
hehepat
i
car
t
er
y
,
por
t
al
v
ei
n,
andbi
l
educt
.I
nt
hemi
ddl
eoft
hel
i
v
erl
obul
ei
sacent
r
alv
ei
n.Hepat
i
csi
nusoi
dsr
un
bet
weent
hehepat
ocy
t
es.
4.
Whati
st
hespacebet
weent
hel
i
v
ersi
nusoi
dsandt
hehepat
ocy
t
escal
l
ed?
a.SpaceofDi
sse
b.SpaceofMal
l
c.Vacuol
e
d.Lacuna
e.Howshi
p'
sl
acuna
Answer
:a
ThespaceofDi
ssei
si
nt
hel
i
v
er
.ThespaceofDi
ssei
sal
socal
l
edt
heper
i
si
nosoi
dalspace.I
t
i
st
hespacebet
weent
hel
i
v
ersi
nusoi
dsandt
hehepat
ocy
t
es.
ThespaceofMal
l
i
sal
soi
nt
hel
i
v
er
.ThespaceofMal
li
sl
ocat
edatt
hepor
t
alcanalandi
st
he
r
egi
onbet
weent
heconnect
i
v
et
i
ssueandt
hel
i
v
erpar
enchy
malcel
l
s.I
ti
st
hesi
t
ewher
e
l
y
mphi
sf
or
medwi
t
hi
nt
hel
i
v
er
.
Av
acuol
ei
sasmal
l
cl
earspacewi
t
hi
nani
ndi
v
i
dual
cel
l
.
Al
acunai
sasmal
lspaceordepr
essi
on.Thespacet
hatt
hechondr
ocy
t
er
est
si
ni
sal
acuna.
Howshi
p'
sl
acunai
sseeni
nbone.Howshi
p'
sl
acunai
saspaceseenunder
neat
hanost
eocl
ast
.
5.
Whati
st
henameoft
hecel
l
ul
armassf
ort
heendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas?
a.I
sl
et
sofLanger
hans
b.Al
phacel
l
s
c.Bet
acel
l
s
d.Del
t
acel
l
s
e.Aci
ni
Answer
:a
Thepancr
easi
sbot
hanendocr
i
neandexocr
i
neor
gan.
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
easi
shousedi
nt
hei
sl
et
sofLanger
hans.Wi
t
hi
nt
hei
sl
et
s,
t
her
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pes.Theal
phacel
l
ssecr
et
egl
ucagon.Thebet
acel
l
ssecr
et
ei
nsul
i
n.
Thedel
t
acel
l
ssecr
et
esomat
ost
ai
n.Thegammacel
l
ssecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de.
Theaci
nii
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas.
6.
Whi
chst
r
uct
ur
esar
epar
toft
hepor
t
al
t
r
i
ad?
a.Por
t
alv
ei
n
b.Hepat
i
car
t
er
y
c.Cent
r
alv
ei
n
d.Si
nusoi
ds
e.Bot
haandb
Answer
:e
Hepat
ocy
t
esar
et
hel
i
v
ercel
l
s.Theyar
ear
r
angedt
of
or
m al
i
v
erl
obul
e,
whi
chi
st
hef
unct
i
onal
uni
toft
hel
i
v
er
.Thel
i
v
erl
obul
ei
sahexagonal
shapedst
r
uct
ur
e.Att
heangl
esoft
hel
i
v
er
l
obul
ear
epor
t
alt
r
i
ads.Thepor
t
al
t
r
i
adi
scomposedofabr
anchoft
hehepat
i
car
t
er
y
,
por
t
al
v
ei
n,
andbi
l
educt
.I
nt
hemi
ddl
eoft
hel
i
v
erl
obul
ei
sacent
r
alv
ei
n.Hepat
i
csi
nusoi
dsr
un
bet
weent
hehepat
ocy
t
es.
7.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
sNOTaf
unct
i
onoft
hel
i
v
er
?
a.Met
abol
i
sm ofbi
l
i
r
ubi
n
b.Deami
nat
i
onofami
noaci
ds
c.St
or
ageofi
r
on
d.St
or
ageofcopper
e.St
or
ageofcal
ci
um
Answer
:e
Thel
i
v
erper
f
or
msmany
,
manyf
unct
i
ons.Est
i
mat
esr
angeatov
er500di
f
f
er
entf
unct
i
onsf
or
t
hel
i
v
er
.
Bi
l
i
r
ubi
ni
smet
abol
i
zedi
nt
hel
i
v
er
.Theconv
er
si
onofami
noaci
dst
ocar
bohy
dr
at
est
hr
ough
t
hepr
ocessofdeami
nat
i
onoccur
si
nt
hel
i
v
er
.I
r
oni
sst
or
edi
nt
hel
i
v
erasf
er
r
i
t
i
n.Copperi
s
st
or
edi
nt
hel
i
v
er
.
Thest
or
agesi
t
ef
orcal
ci
um i
si
nt
hebones.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:I
fev
eraskedwher
eapr
ocessoccur
s,
andy
ouabsol
ut
el
y
hav
enoi
dea,
makeaneducat
edguessoft
hel
i
v
er
.
8.
Whati
st
hef
unct
i
onal
uni
toft
hel
i
v
er
?
a.Lobul
e
b.Por
t
alt
r
i
ad
c.Cent
r
alv
ei
n
d.Hepat
ocy
t
e
e.Si
nusoi
ds
Answer
:a
Hepat
ocy
t
esar
et
hel
i
v
ercel
l
s.Theyar
ear
r
angedt
of
or
m al
i
v
erl
obul
e,
whi
chi
st
hef
unct
i
onal
uni
toft
hel
i
v
er
.Thel
i
v
erl
obul
ei
sahexagonal
shapedst
r
uct
ur
e.Att
heangl
esoft
hel
i
v
er
l
obul
ear
epor
t
alt
r
i
ads.Thepor
t
al
t
r
i
adi
scomposedofabr
anchoft
hehepat
i
car
t
er
y
,
por
t
al
v
ei
n,
andbi
l
educt
.I
nt
hemi
ddl
eoft
hel
i
v
erl
obul
ei
sacent
r
alv
ei
n.Hepat
i
csi
nusoi
dsr
un
bet
weent
hehepat
ocy
t
es.
9.
Whatar
et
hev
al
v
eswhi
chr
egul
at
est
hef
l
owofbi
l
ei
nt
ot
hei
nt
est
i
ne?
a.Roki
t
ansky
Aschof
fsi
nuses
b.Duct
sofLuschka
c.DuctofWi
r
sung
d.Ampul
l
aofVat
er
e.Sphi
nct
erofOddi
Answer
:e
Roki
t
ansky
Aschof
fsi
nusesar
edi
v
er
t
i
ucl
aeoft
hemucosaoft
hegal
l
bl
adder
.Thesmal
lbi
l
e
duct
swhi
chconnecbet
weent
hecy
st
i
cductandl
i
v
erar
et
heduct
sofLuschkaTheductof
Wi
r
sungi
st
hepancr
eat
i
cduct
.Theopeni
ngoft
hepancr
eat
i
cducti
nt
ot
heduodenum i
sat
t
heampul
l
aofVat
er
.Thev
al
v
eswhi
chr
egul
at
est
hef
l
owofbi
l
ei
nt
ot
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nei
st
he
sphi
nct
erofOddi
.
10.
Whatcel
l
soft
hepancr
eassecr
et
esomat
ost
at
i
n?
a.I
sl
et
sofLanger
hans
b.Al
phacel
l
s
c.Bet
acel
l
s
d.Del
t
acel
l
s
e.Gammacel
l
s
Answer
:d
Thepancr
easi
sbot
hanendocr
i
neandexocr
i
neor
gan.
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
easi
shousedi
nt
hei
sl
et
sofLanger
hans.Wi
t
hi
nt
hei
sl
et
s,
t
her
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pes.Theal
phacel
l
ssecr
et
egl
ucagon.Thebet
acel
l
ssecr
et
ei
nsul
i
n.
Thedel
t
acel
l
ssecr
et
esomat
ost
ai
n.Thegammacel
l
ssecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de.
Theaci
nii
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas.
Pancr
easandHepat
obi
l
i
ar
ySy
st
em Test2
1.
Whati
st
heopeni
ngoft
hepancr
eat
i
cducti
nt
ot
heduodenum?
a.Roki
t
ansky
Aschof
fsi
nuses
b.Duct
sofLuschka
c.DuctofWi
r
sung
d.Ampul
l
aofVat
er
e.Sphi
nct
erofOddi
Answer
:d
Roki
t
ansky
Aschof
fsi
nusesar
edi
v
er
t
i
ucl
aeoft
hemucosaoft
hegal
l
bl
adder
.Thesmal
lbi
l
e
duct
swhi
chconnectbet
weent
hecy
st
i
cductandl
i
v
erar
et
heduct
sofLuschkaTheductof
Wi
r
sungi
st
hepancr
eat
i
cduct
.Theopeni
ngoft
hepancr
eat
i
cducti
nt
ot
heduodenum i
sat
t
heampul
l
aofVat
er
.Thev
al
v
eswhi
chr
egul
at
est
hef
l
owofbi
l
ei
nt
ot
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nei
st
he
sphi
nct
erofOddi
.
2.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas?
a.I
sl
et
sofLanger
hans
b.Al
phacel
l
s
c.Bet
acel
l
s
d.Del
t
acel
l
s
e.Aci
ni
Answer
:e
Thepancr
easi
sbot
hanendocr
i
neandexocr
i
neor
gan.
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
easi
shousedi
nt
hei
sl
et
sofLanger
hans.Wi
t
hi
nt
hei
sl
et
s,
t
her
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pes.Theal
phacel
l
ssecr
et
egl
ucagon.Thebet
acel
l
ssecr
et
ei
nsul
i
n.
Thedel
t
acel
l
ssecr
et
esomat
ost
ai
n.Thegammacel
l
ssecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de.
Theaci
nii
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas
3.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngcl
ot
t
i
ngf
act
or
si
sNOTpr
oducedi
nt
hel
i
v
er
?
a.Fact
orI
b.Fact
orI
I
c.Fact
orI
V
d.Fact
orI
X
e.Fact
orX
Answer
:c
Thel
i
v
erper
f
or
msmany
,
manyf
unct
i
ons.Est
i
mat
esr
angeatov
er500di
f
f
er
entf
unct
i
onsf
or
t
hel
i
v
er
.
Thel
i
v
ermakescl
ot
t
i
ngFact
or
sI
,
I
I
,
VI
I
,
I
X,
andX.Fi
br
i
nogeni
sFact
orI
.Pr
ot
hr
ombi
ni
sFact
or
I
I
.Fact
orI
Vi
scal
ci
um,
whi
chi
snotpr
oducedi
nt
hel
i
v
er
.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
nt
:I
fev
eraskedwher
eapr
ocessoccur
s,
andy
ouabsol
ut
el
yhav
enoi
dea,
make
aneducat
edguessoft
hel
i
v
er
.
Sar
ahBel
l
ham
4.
I
nwhatst
r
uct
ur
edoesbl
oodr
unt
hr
oughbet
weent
hehepat
ocy
t
es?
a.Hepat
i
car
t
er
y
b.Por
t
alt
r
i
ad
c.Cent
r
alv
ei
n
d.Por
t
alv
ei
n
e.Si
nusoi
ds
Answer
:e
Hepat
ocy
t
esar
et
hel
i
v
ercel
l
s.Theyar
ear
r
angedt
of
or
m al
i
v
erl
obul
e,
whi
chi
st
hef
unct
i
onal
uni
toft
hel
i
v
er
.Thel
i
v
erl
obul
ei
sahexagonal
shapedst
r
uct
ur
e.Att
heangl
esoft
hel
i
v
er
l
obul
ear
epor
t
alt
r
i
ads.Thepor
t
al
t
r
i
adi
scomposedofabr
anchoft
hehepat
i
car
t
er
y
,
por
t
al
v
ei
n,
andbi
l
educt
.I
nt
hemi
ddl
eoft
hel
i
v
erl
obul
ei
sacent
r
alv
ei
n.Hepat
i
csi
nusoi
dsr
un
bet
weent
hehepat
ocy
t
es.
5.
Whati
st
hespacecal
l
edt
hati
sl
ocat
edatt
hepor
t
al
canalbet
weent
hehepat
ocy
t
esand
connect
i
v
et
i
ssue?
a.SpaceofDi
sse
b.SpaceofMal
l
c.Vacuol
e
d.Lacuna
e.Howshi
p'
sl
acuna
ThespaceofDi
ssei
si
nt
hel
i
v
er
.ThespaceofDi
ssei
sal
socal
l
edt
heper
i
si
nosoi
dalspace.I
t
i
st
hespacebet
weent
hel
i
v
ersi
nusoi
dsandt
hehepat
ocy
t
es.
ThespaceofMal
l
i
sal
soi
nt
hel
i
v
er
.ThespaceofMal
li
sl
ocat
edatt
hepor
t
alcanalandi
st
he
r
egi
onbet
weent
heconnect
i
v
et
i
ssueandt
hel
i
v
erpar
enchy
malcel
l
s.I
ti
st
hesi
t
ewher
e
l
y
mphi
sf
or
medwi
t
hi
nt
hel
i
v
er
.
Av
acuol
ei
sasmal
l
cl
earspacewi
t
hi
nani
ndi
v
i
dual
cel
l
.
Al
acunai
sasmal
lspaceordepr
essi
on.Thespacet
hatt
hechondr
ocy
t
er
est
si
ni
sal
acuna.
Howshi
p'
sl
acunai
sseeni
nbone.Howshi
p'
sl
acunai
saspaceseenunder
neat
hanost
eocl
ast
.
6.
Whatl
ay
eri
sNOTf
oundi
nt
hegal
l
bl
adder
?
a.Mucosa
b.Muscul
ar
i
smucosa
c.Muscul
ar
i
s
d.Adv
ent
i
t
a
e.Ser
osa
Answer
:b
Thegal
l
bl
adderi
scompr
i
sedoft
hr
eel
ay
er
s:mucosa,
muscul
ar
i
s,
andadv
ent
i
t
aorser
osa.
Ser
osai
sf
oundont
hef
r
eesur
f
aceoft
hegal
l
bl
adder
.Themucosai
ssi
mpl
ecol
umnar
epi
t
hel
i
um andl
ami
napr
opr
i
a.Ther
ei
snomuscul
ar
i
si
nt
hemucosaoft
hegal
l
bl
adder
.
7.
Whatcel
lt
y
pemakesupt
hemucosaoft
hegal
l
bl
adder
?
a.Si
mpl
esquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
b.Si
mpl
ecuboi
dalepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Si
mpl
ecol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um
d.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
e.Tr
ansi
t
i
onalepi
t
hel
i
um
Answer
:c
Themucosaoft
hegal
l
bl
adderi
smadeofsi
mpl
ecol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um.
8.
Whati
st
hecl
assi
f
i
cat
i
onoft
hepancr
eas?
a.Mi
xed
b.Endocr
i
ne
c.Exocr
i
ne
d.Bot
hendocr
i
neandexocr
i
ne
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:d
Thepancr
easi
sbot
hanendocr
i
neandexocr
i
neor
gan.
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
easi
shousedi
nt
hei
sl
et
sofLanger
hans.Wi
t
hi
nt
hei
sl
et
s,
t
her
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pes.Theal
phacel
l
ssecr
et
egl
ucagon.Thebet
acel
l
ssecr
et
ei
nsul
i
n.
Thedel
t
acel
l
ssecr
et
esomat
ost
ai
n.Thegammacel
l
ssecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de.
Theaci
nii
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas.
9.
Whi
chcel
li
sahepat
i
cmacr
ophage?
a.Kupf
f
ercel
l
s
b.Hi
st
i
ocy
t
e
c.Dustcel
l
d.Langer
hanscel
l
e.Mi
cr
ogl
i
a
Answer
:a
Macr
ophagesar
emononucl
earphagocy
t
es.Manyt
i
ssueshav
er
esi
dent(
f
i
xed)macr
ophages.
Fi
xedmacr
ophagesar
egi
v
enauni
quename,
dependi
ngont
het
i
ssuet
hatt
heyar
el
ocat
edi
n.
Kupf
f
ercel
l
sar
et
hehepat
i
cmacr
ophages.Hi
st
i
ocy
t
esar
emacr
ophagesseeni
nconnect
i
v
e
t
i
ssue.Dustcel
l
sar
eal
v
eol
armacr
ophagef
oundi
nt
her
espi
r
at
or
yt
r
act
.Langer
hanscel
l
sar
e
macr
ophagesseeni
nt
heski
n.Mi
cr
ogl
i
aar
et
hecent
r
alner
v
oussy
st
em macr
ophages.
10.
Wher
ei
nt
hepancr
easar
ei
sl
et
sofLanger
hansmostnumer
ous?
a.Head
b.Body
c.Tai
l
d.Ev
enl
ydi
st
r
i
but
ed
e.Dependsont
hei
ndi
v
i
dual
Answer
:c
I
sl
et
sofLanger
hansar
emostnumer
ousi
nt
het
ai
l
oft
hepancr
eas.
Pancr
easandHepat
obi
l
i
ar
ySy
st
em Test3
1.
Whatcel
l
soft
hepancr
eassecr
et
ei
nsul
i
n?
a.I
sl
et
sofLanger
hans
b.Al
phacel
l
s
c.Bet
acel
l
s
d.Del
t
acel
l
s
e.Gammacel
l
s
Answer
:c
Thepancr
easi
sbot
hanendocr
i
neandexocr
i
neor
gan.
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
easi
shousedi
nt
hei
sl
et
sofLanger
hans.Wi
t
hi
nt
hei
sl
et
s,
t
her
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pes.Theal
phacel
l
ssecr
et
egl
ucagon.Thebet
acel
l
ssecr
et
ei
nsul
i
n.
Thedel
t
acel
l
ssecr
et
esomat
ost
ai
n.Thegammacel
l
ssecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de.
Theaci
nii
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas.
2.
Whati
st
hepancr
eat
i
cduct
?
a.Roki
t
ansky
Aschof
fsi
nuses
b.Duct
sofLuschka
c.DuctofWi
r
sung
d.Ampul
l
aofVat
er
e.Sphi
nct
erofOddi
Answer
:c
Roki
t
ansky
Aschof
fsi
nusesar
edi
v
er
t
i
ucl
aeoft
hemucosaoft
hegal
l
bl
adder
.Thesmal
lbi
l
e
duct
swhi
chconnecbet
weent
hecy
st
i
cductandl
i
v
erar
et
heduct
sofLuschkaTheductof
Wi
r
sungi
st
hepancr
eat
i
cduct
.Theopeni
ngoft
hepancr
eat
i
cducti
nt
ot
heduodenum i
sat
t
heampul
l
aofVat
er
.Thev
al
v
eswhi
chr
egul
at
est
hef
l
owofbi
l
ei
nt
ot
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nei
st
he
sphi
nct
erofOddi
.
3.
Whatst
r
uct
ur
ei
satt
heangl
eoft
hel
i
v
erl
obul
e?
a.Lobul
e
b.Por
t
alt
r
i
ad
c.Cent
r
alv
ei
n
d.Hepat
ocy
t
e
e.Si
nusoi
ds
Answer
:b
Hepat
ocy
t
esar
et
hel
i
v
ercel
l
s.Theyar
ear
r
angedt
of
or
m al
i
v
erl
obul
e,
whi
chi
st
hef
unct
i
onal
uni
toft
hel
i
v
er
.Thel
i
v
erl
obul
ei
sahexagonal
shapedst
r
uct
ur
e.Att
heangl
esoft
hel
i
v
er
l
obul
ear
epor
t
alt
r
i
ads.Thepor
t
al
t
r
i
adi
scomposedofabr
anchoft
hehepat
i
car
t
er
y
,
por
t
al
v
ei
n,
andbi
l
educt
.I
nt
hemi
ddl
eoft
hel
i
v
erl
obul
ei
sacent
r
alv
ei
n.Hepat
i
csi
nusoi
dsr
un
bet
weent
hehepat
ocy
t
es.
4.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
sNOTaf
unct
i
onoft
hel
i
v
er
?
a.Chol
ecy
st
oki
ni
npr
oduct
i
on
b.Bi
l
epr
oduct
i
on
c.Det
oxi
f
i
cat
i
on
d.Al
bumi
npr
oduct
i
on
e.Sy
nt
hesi
sofcl
ot
t
i
ngf
act
or
s
Answer
:a
Thel
i
v
erper
f
or
msmany
,
manyf
unct
i
ons.Est
i
mat
esr
angeatov
er500di
f
f
er
entf
unct
i
onsf
or
t
hel
i
v
er
.
Bi
l
epr
oduct
i
onoccur
si
nt
hel
i
v
er
.Thel
i
v
err
ecei
v
esbl
oodf
r
om t
hehepat
i
car
t
er
yandhepat
i
c
por
t
alv
ei
n.Thebl
oodi
nt
hehepat
i
cpor
t
al
v
ei
ni
st
he"
f
i
r
stst
op"di
r
ect
l
yf
r
om t
hei
nt
est
i
nes,
gi
v
i
ngt
hel
i
v
ert
hepr
i
meoppor
t
uni
t
yt
odet
oxi
f
ysubst
ances.Thel
i
v
ersy
nt
hesi
zespr
ot
ei
ns
suchasal
bumi
n,
f
i
br
i
nogen,
andpr
ot
hr
ombi
n.Fi
br
i
nogen(
Fact
orI
)andpr
ot
hr
ombi
n(
Fact
orI
I
)
ar
ecl
ot
t
i
ngf
act
or
si
nv
ol
v
edi
ncl
ot
t
i
ng.Thel
i
v
eral
somakesFact
or
sVI
I
,
I
X,
andX.
Chol
ecy
st
oki
ni
ni
spr
oducedbyt
hemucosaoft
hegast
r
oi
nt
est
i
nalt
r
act
.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:I
fev
eraskedwher
eapr
ocessoccur
s,
andy
ouabsol
ut
el
y
hav
enoi
dea,
makeaneducat
edguessoft
hel
i
v
er
.
5.
Whatcel
l
soft
hepancr
eassecr
et
egl
ucagon?
a.I
sl
et
sofLanger
hans
b.Al
phacel
l
s
c.Bet
acel
l
s
d.Del
t
acel
l
s
e.Gammacel
l
s
Answer
:b
Thepancr
easi
sbot
hanendocr
i
neandexocr
i
neor
gan.
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
easi
shousedi
nt
hei
sl
et
sofLanger
hans.Wi
t
hi
nt
hei
sl
et
s,
t
her
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pes.Theal
phacel
l
ssecr
et
egl
ucagon.Thebet
acel
l
ssecr
et
ei
nsul
i
n.
Thedel
t
acel
l
ssecr
et
esomat
ost
ai
n.Thegammacel
l
ssecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de.
Theaci
nii
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas.
6.
Whatar
et
heconnect
i
onbet
weent
hecy
st
i
cductandl
i
v
er
?
a.Roki
t
ansky
Aschof
fsi
nuses
b.Duct
sofLuschka
c.DuctofWi
r
sung
d.Ampul
l
aofVat
er
e.Sphi
nct
erofOddi
Answer
:b
Roki
t
ansky
Aschof
fsi
nusesar
edi
v
er
t
i
ucl
aeoft
hemucosaoft
hegal
l
bl
adder
.Thesmal
lbi
l
e
duct
swhi
chconnecbet
weent
hecy
st
i
cductandl
i
v
erar
et
heduct
sofLuschkaTheductof
Wi
r
sungi
st
hepancr
eat
i
cduct
.Theopeni
ngoft
hepancr
eat
i
cducti
nt
ot
heduodenum i
sat
t
heampul
l
aofVat
er
.Thev
al
v
eswhi
chr
egul
at
est
hef
l
owofbi
l
ei
nt
ot
hesmal
li
nt
est
i
nei
st
he
sphi
nct
erofOddi
.
7.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
sNOTaf
unct
i
onoft
hel
i
v
er
?
a.Conv
er
si
onofgl
ucosei
nt
ogl
y
cogen
b.St
or
ageofgl
y
cogen
c.St
or
ageofbi
l
e
d.St
or
ageoff
atsol
ubl
ev
i
t
ami
ns
e.Chol
est
er
olsy
nt
hesi
s
Answer
:c
Thel
i
v
erper
f
or
msmany
,
manyf
unct
i
ons.Est
i
mat
esr
angeatov
er500di
f
f
er
entf
unct
i
onsf
or
t
hel
i
v
er
.
Gl
ucosei
sconv
er
t
edt
ogl
y
cogeni
nt
hel
i
v
er
.Gl
y
cogeni
sst
or
edi
nt
hel
i
v
er
.Thel
i
v
erst
or
esof
f
atsol
ubl
ev
i
t
ami
ns(
A,
D,
E,
K)
.Chol
est
er
ol
i
ssy
nt
hesi
zedi
nt
hel
i
v
er
.
Oncebi
l
ei
spr
oducedbyt
hel
i
v
er
,
i
ti
sst
or
edi
nt
hegal
l
bl
adder
.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:I
fev
eraskedwher
eapr
ocessoccur
s,
andy
ouabsol
ut
el
y
hav
enoi
dea,
makeaneducat
edguessoft
hel
i
v
er
.
8.
Whatcel
l
soft
hepancr
eassecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de?
a.I
sl
et
sofLanger
hans
b.Al
phacel
l
s
c.Bet
acel
l
s
d.Del
t
acel
l
s
e.Gammacel
l
s
Answer
:e
Thepancr
easi
sbot
hanendocr
i
neandexocr
i
neor
gan.
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
easi
shousedi
nt
hei
sl
et
sofLanger
hans.Wi
t
hi
nt
hei
sl
et
s,
t
her
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pes.Theal
phacel
l
ssecr
et
egl
ucagon.Thebet
acel
l
ssecr
et
ei
nsul
i
n.
Thedel
t
acel
l
ssecr
et
esomat
ost
ai
n.Thegammacel
l
ssecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de.
Theaci
nii
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas.
Ur
i
nar
ySy
st
em Hi
st
ol
ogy
Ur
i
nar
ySy
st
em Test1
1.
Whati
st
hegl
omer
ul
us?
a.Af
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e
b.Ef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e
c.Capi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
t
d.Per
i
t
ubul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
es
e.Vasar
ect
a
Answer
:c
Theaf
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
ebr
anchesof
ft
hei
nt
er
l
obul
arar
t
er
y
.Theaf
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
esuppl
i
esbl
ood
t
ot
hegl
omer
ul
us.Thegl
omer
ul
usi
sacapi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
t
.Thegl
omer
ul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
esconv
er
get
o
f
or
mt
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e.Theper
i
t
ubul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
esi
sasecondcapi
l
l
ar
ynet
wor
kwhi
ch
ar
i
seaf
t
ert
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e.Theysur
r
oundt
hepr
oxi
malt
ubul
e,
l
oopofHenl
e,
anddi
st
al
t
ubul
e.Vasar
ect
aar
et
he"
st
r
ai
ghtv
essel
s"whi
char
i
sef
r
om someoft
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
es.
2.
Whati
sar
enal
py
r
ami
dandi
t
sassoci
at
edcor
t
exr
ef
er
r
edt
o?
a.Medul
l
a
b.Lobe
c.Renalcol
umns
d.Nephr
on
e.Medul
l
ar
yr
ay
Answer
:b
Theki
dneycanbedi
v
i
dedi
nt
oanout
ercor
t
exandani
nnermedul
l
a.Aki
dneyl
obeconsi
st
sof
amedul
l
ar
ypy
r
ami
d,
i
t
sov
er
l
y
i
ngcor
t
ex,
andt
heassoci
at
edr
enalcol
umn.Ther
enalcol
umns
ar
et
het
i
ssuei
nbet
weent
hepy
r
ami
ds.Thenephr
oni
st
hef
unct
i
onaluni
toft
heki
dney
.A
r
egi
onwher
eapor
t
i
onoft
hemedul
l
apr
oj
ecti
nt
ot
her
enalcor
t
exar
er
ef
er
r
edt
oasmedul
l
ar
y
r
ay
.
3.
Appr
oxi
mat
el
yhowmanynephr
onsar
et
her
ei
neachki
dney
?
a.1,
000
b.10,
000
c.100,
000
d.1,
000,
000
e.10,
000,
000
Answer
:d
Ther
ear
eappr
oxi
mat
el
yonemi
l
l
i
on(
1,
000,
000)nephr
onsi
neachki
dney
.Thenephr
oni
st
he
f
unct
i
onaluni
toft
heki
dney
.
4.
Whati
st
heMal
pi
ghi
ancor
puscl
e?
a.Gl
omer
ul
us
b.Bowman'
scapsul
e
c.Renalcor
puscl
e
d.LoopofHenl
e
e.Di
st
alconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e
Answer
:c
Thef
unct
i
onaluni
toft
heki
dneyi
st
henephr
on.Thenephr
oncanbedi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
he
gl
omer
ul
usandur
i
ni
f
er
oust
ubul
e.Thecapi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
toft
henephr
oni
sr
ef
er
r
edt
oast
he
gl
omer
ul
us.Bowman'
scapsul
ei
sadoubl
el
ay
er
edcapsur
r
oundi
ngt
hegl
omer
ul
us.Thi
si
st
he
f
i
r
stpor
t
i
onoft
heur
i
ni
f
er
oust
ubul
e.Thegl
omer
ul
usandBowman'
scapsul
emakeupt
he
r
enalcor
puscl
e.Anot
hert
er
mf
ort
her
enal
cor
puscl
ei
sMal
pi
ghi
ancor
puscl
e.
Bowman'
scapsul
el
eadst
ot
hepr
oxi
mal
conv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e.Thepr
oxi
malconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e
l
eadst
ot
hel
oopofHenl
e.Thi
st
henl
eadst
ot
hedi
st
alconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e.Thedi
st
al
conv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
et
henl
eadst
ot
hecol
l
ect
i
ngduct
.
5.
Whatar
et
heduct
sofBel
l
i
ni
?
a.Col
l
ect
i
ngt
ubul
es
b.Di
st
al
conv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e
c.Pr
oxi
malconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e
d.LoopofHenl
e
e.Medul
l
ar
yr
ay
Answer
:a
Lar
gecol
l
ect
i
ngt
ubul
esneart
heapexoft
hepy
r
ami
dar
et
heduct
sofBel
l
i
ni
.Theduct
sof
Bel
l
i
niar
eal
socal
l
edapapi
l
l
ar
yduct
s.
6.
Whatar
et
hef
ootpr
ocessesonpodocy
t
es?
a.Vi
scer
al
l
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
e
b.Par
i
et
all
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
e
c.Pedi
cel
s
d.Juxt
agl
omer
ul
arcel
l
s
e.Macul
adensa
Answer
:c
Thei
nnerl
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
ei
st
hev
i
scer
al
l
ay
er
.I
tconsi
st
sofcel
l
scal
l
edpodocy
t
es.
Theout
erl
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
ei
st
hepar
i
et
al
l
ay
er
.Pedi
cel
sar
et
hef
ootpr
ocesseson
t
hepodocy
t
es.Thej
uxt
agl
omer
ul
arcel
l
ssecr
et
er
eni
n.Themacul
adensaar
especi
al
i
zed
cel
l
si
nt
hedi
st
alconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
et
hatar
esensi
t
i
v
et
osodi
um.Thej
uxt
agl
omer
ul
arcel
l
s
andmacul
adensamakeupt
hej
uxt
agl
omer
ul
arappar
at
us.
7.
Whatv
esseli
sabr
anchoft
hei
nt
er
l
obul
arar
t
er
y
?
a.Af
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e
b.Ef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e
c.Capi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
t
d.Per
i
t
ubul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
es
e.Vasar
ect
a
Answer
:a
Theaf
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
ebr
anchesof
ft
hei
nt
er
l
obul
arar
t
er
y
.Theaf
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
esuppl
i
esbl
ood
t
ot
hegl
omer
ul
us.Thegl
omer
ul
usi
sacapi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
t
.Thegl
omer
ul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
esconv
er
get
o
f
or
mt
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e.Theper
i
t
ubul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
esi
sasecondcapi
l
l
ar
ynet
wor
kwhi
ch
ar
i
seaf
t
ert
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e.Theysur
r
oundt
hepr
oxi
malt
ubul
e,
l
oopofHenl
e,
anddi
st
al
t
ubul
e.Vasar
ect
aar
et
he"
st
r
ai
ghtv
essel
s"whi
char
i
sef
r
om someoft
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
es.
8.
Whatt
y
peoft
i
ssuel
i
nest
hebl
adder
?
a.Si
mpl
esquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
b.Si
mpl
ecuboi
dalepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Si
mpl
ecol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um
d.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
e.Tr
ansi
t
i
onalepi
t
hel
i
um
Answer
:e
Thel
i
ni
ngoft
hebl
adderi
st
r
ansi
t
i
onal
epi
t
hel
i
um.Epi
t
hel
i
um l
i
nesbodycav
i
t
i
esandsur
f
aces.
Ther
ear
edomedshapedcel
l
sont
heapi
cal
sur
f
ace.
9.
Whati
st
hepr
oj
ect
i
onoft
hemedul
l
ai
nt
ot
her
enal
cor
t
excal
l
ed?
a.Medul
l
a
b.Lobe
c.Renalcol
umns
d.Nephr
on
e.Medul
l
ar
yr
ay
Answer
:e
Theki
dneycanbedi
v
i
dedi
nt
oanout
ercor
t
exandani
nnermedul
l
a.Aki
dneyl
obeconsi
st
sof
amedul
l
ar
ypy
r
ami
d,
i
t
sov
er
l
y
i
ngcor
t
ex,
andt
heassoci
at
edr
enalcol
umn.Ther
enalcol
umns
ar
et
het
i
ssuei
nbet
weent
hepy
r
ami
ds.Thenephr
oni
st
hef
unct
i
onaluni
toft
heki
dney
.A
r
egi
onwher
eapor
t
i
onoft
hemedul
l
apr
oj
ecti
nt
ot
her
enalcor
t
exar
er
ef
er
r
edt
oasmedul
l
ar
y
r
ay
.
10.
Whatmakesupt
heJuxt
agl
omer
ul
arappar
at
us?
a.Pedi
cel
s
b.Juxt
agl
omer
ul
arcel
l
s
c.Macul
adensa
d.Bot
haandb
e.Bot
hbandc
Answer
:e
Thei
nnerl
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
ei
st
hev
i
scer
al
l
ay
er
.I
tconsi
st
sofcel
l
scal
l
edpodocy
t
es.
Pedi
cel
sar
et
hef
ootpr
ocessesont
hepodocy
t
es.Thej
uxt
agl
omer
ul
arcel
l
ssecr
et
er
eni
n.
Themacul
adensaar
especi
al
i
zedcel
l
si
nt
hedi
st
al
conv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
et
hatar
esensi
t
i
v
et
o
sodi
um.Thej
uxt
agl
omer
ul
arcel
l
sandmacul
adensamakeupt
hej
uxt
agl
omer
ul
arappar
at
us.
Ur
i
nar
ySy
st
em Test2
1.
Whatv
essel
sar
i
sef
r
om t
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e?
a.Af
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e
b.Ef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e
c.Capi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
t
d.Per
i
t
ubul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
es
e.Vasar
ect
a
Answer
:d
Theaf
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
ebr
anchesof
ft
hei
nt
er
l
obul
arar
t
er
y
.Theaf
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
esuppl
i
esbl
ood
t
ot
hegl
omer
ul
us.Thegl
omer
ul
usi
sacapi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
t
.Thegl
omer
ul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
esconv
er
get
o
f
or
mt
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e.Theper
i
t
ubul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
esi
sasecondcapi
l
l
ar
ynet
wor
kwhi
ch
ar
i
seaf
t
ert
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e.Theysur
r
oundt
hepr
oxi
malt
ubul
e,
l
oopofHenl
e,
anddi
st
al
t
ubul
e.Vasar
ect
aar
et
he"
st
r
ai
ghtv
essel
s"whi
char
i
sef
r
om someoft
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
es.
2.
Whi
chst
r
uct
ur
edoest
hepr
oxi
mal
conv
ol
ut
edl
eadt
o?
a.Gl
omer
ul
us
b.Bowman'
scapsul
e
c.Renalcor
puscl
e
d.LoopofHenl
e
e.Di
st
alconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e
Answer
:d
Thef
unct
i
onaluni
toft
heki
dneyi
st
henephr
on.Thenephr
oncanbedi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
he
gl
omer
ul
usandur
i
ni
f
er
oust
ubul
e.Thecapi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
toft
henephr
oni
sr
ef
er
r
edt
oast
he
gl
omer
ul
us.Bowman'
scapsul
ei
sadoubl
el
ay
er
edcapsur
r
oundi
ngt
hegl
omer
ul
us.Thi
si
st
he
f
i
r
stpor
t
i
onoft
heur
i
ni
f
er
oust
ubul
e.Thegl
omer
ul
usandBowman'
scapsul
emakeupt
he
r
enalcor
puscl
e.Anot
hert
er
mf
ort
her
enal
cor
puscl
ei
sMal
pi
ghi
ancor
puscl
e.
Bowman'
scapsul
el
eadst
ot
hepr
oxi
mal
conv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e.Thepr
oxi
malconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e
l
eadst
ot
hel
oopofHenl
e.Thi
st
henl
eadst
ot
hedi
st
alconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e.Thedi
st
al
conv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
et
henl
eadst
ot
hecol
l
ect
i
ngduct
.
3.
Whati
st
hecor
r
ectt
er
mf
ort
hef
ootpr
ocessesonpodocy
t
es?
a.Pedi
s
b.Pedi
cel
s
c.Pedal
i
s
d.Pes
e.Pedi
ocy
t
e
Answer
:b
Thei
nnerl
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
ei
st
hev
i
scer
al
l
ay
er
.I
tconsi
st
sofcel
l
scal
l
edpodocy
t
es.
Pedi
cel
sar
et
hef
ootpr
ocessesont
hepodocy
t
es.
Not
ef
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:
TheLat
i
npr
ef
i
xpedal
i
s,
pesandpedi
sr
ef
er
st
ot
hef
oot
.Such
wor
dsi
ncl
udepedal
,
pedi
cur
e,
pedest
r
i
anandofcour
se,
t
heonewear
eal
lf
ami
l
i
arwi
t
h,
t
he
f
ootpr
ocessonpodocy
t
es,
whi
char
epedi
cel
s.
4.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
sNOTaf
unct
i
onoft
heki
dney
?
a.Er
y
t
hr
opoi
et
i
npr
oduct
i
on
b.Vi
t
ami
nDmodi
f
i
cat
i
on
c.Aci
dbasebal
ance
d.Al
dost
er
onepr
oduct
i
on
e.Reni
npr
oduct
i
on
Answer
:d
Theki
dneyi
si
nv
ol
v
edi
nsev
er
al
t
hi
ngs,
i
naddi
t
i
ont
our
i
nepr
oduct
i
on.
Er
y
t
hr
opoi
et
i
ni
spr
oducedi
nt
heki
dney
.Vi
t
ami
nDi
smodi
f
i
edi
nt
heki
dney
,
speci
f
i
cal
l
y
,
t
her
e
i
st
headdi
t
i
onofhy
dr
oxy
lgr
oups.Theki
dneypl
ay
sani
mpor
t
antr
ol
ei
naci
dbasebal
ance.
Reni
ni
spr
oducedi
nt
heki
dney
.
Al
dost
er
onei
spr
oducedi
nt
headr
enal
gl
and.
5.
Whati
st
hespacebet
weent
her
enal
py
r
ami
dscal
l
ed?
a.Medul
l
a
b.Lobe
c.Renalcol
umns
d.Nephr
on
e.Medul
l
ar
yr
ay
Answer
:c
Theki
dneycanbedi
v
i
dedi
nt
oanout
ercor
t
exandani
nnermedul
l
a.Aki
dneyl
obeconsi
st
sof
amedul
l
ar
ypy
r
ami
d,
i
t
sov
er
l
y
i
ngcor
t
ex,
andt
heassoci
at
edr
enalcol
umn.Ther
enalcol
umns
ar
et
het
i
ssuei
nbet
weent
hepy
r
ami
ds.Thenephr
oni
st
hef
unct
i
onaluni
toft
heki
dney
.A
r
egi
onwher
eapor
t
i
onoft
hemedul
l
apr
oj
ecti
nt
ot
her
enalcor
t
exar
er
ef
er
r
edt
oasmedul
l
ar
y
r
ay
.
6.
Whati
st
hecapi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
toft
henephr
on?
a.Gl
omer
ul
us
b.Bowman'
scapsul
e
c.Renalcor
puscl
e
d.LoopofHenl
e
e.Di
st
alconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e
Answer
:a
Thef
unct
i
onaluni
toft
heki
dneyi
st
henephr
on.Thenephr
oncanbedi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
he
gl
omer
ul
usandur
i
ni
f
er
oust
ubul
e.Thecapi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
toft
henephr
oni
sr
ef
er
r
edt
oast
he
gl
omer
ul
us.Bowman'
scapsul
ei
sadoubl
el
ay
er
edcapsur
r
oundi
ngt
hegl
omer
ul
us.Thi
si
st
he
f
i
r
stpor
t
i
onoft
heur
i
ni
f
er
oust
ubul
e.Thegl
omer
ul
usandBowman'
scapsul
emakeupt
he
r
enalcor
puscl
e.Anot
hert
er
mf
ort
her
enal
cor
puscl
ei
sMal
pi
ghi
ancor
puscl
e.
Bowman'
scapsul
el
eadst
ot
hepr
oxi
mal
conv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e.Thepr
oxi
malconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e
l
eadst
ot
hel
oopofHenl
e.Thi
st
henl
eadst
ot
hedi
st
alconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e.Thedi
st
al
conv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
et
henl
eadst
ot
hecol
l
ect
i
ngduct
.
7.
Whatv
esselsuppl
i
esbl
oodt
ot
hegl
omer
ul
us?
a.Af
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e
b.Ef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e
c.Capi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
t
d.Per
i
t
ubul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
es
e.Vasar
ect
a
Answer
:a
Theaf
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
ebr
anchesof
ft
hei
nt
er
l
obul
arar
t
er
y
.Theaf
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
esuppl
i
esbl
ood
t
ot
hegl
omer
ul
us.Thegl
omer
ul
usi
sacapi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
t
.Thegl
omer
ul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
esconv
er
get
o
f
or
mt
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e.Theper
i
t
ubul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
esi
sasecondcapi
l
l
ar
ynet
wor
kwhi
ch
ar
i
seaf
t
ert
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e.Theysur
r
oundt
hepr
oxi
malt
ubul
e,
l
oopofHenl
e,
anddi
st
al
t
ubul
e.Vasar
ect
aar
et
he"
st
r
ai
ghtv
essel
s"whi
char
i
sef
r
om someoft
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
es.
8.
Whatt
y
peoft
i
ssuecomposest
heki
dneyt
ubul
es?
a.Si
mpl
esquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
b.Si
mpl
ecuboi
dalepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Si
mpl
ecol
umnarepi
t
hel
i
um
d.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um
e.Tr
ansi
t
i
onalepi
t
hel
i
um
Answer
:b
Theki
dneyt
ubul
esar
esi
mpl
ecuboi
dal
epi
t
hel
i
um.Epi
t
hel
i
um l
i
nesbodycav
i
t
i
esand
sur
f
aces.Si
mpl
ecuboi
dalepi
t
hel
i
um i
s"
si
mpl
e"becausei
ti
sonecel
lt
hi
ck."
Cuboi
dal
"r
ef
er
s
t
ot
heshapeoft
hecel
l
s.
9.
Wher
ei
sr
eni
nsecr
et
edf
r
om?
a.Vi
scer
al
l
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
e
b.Par
i
et
all
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
e
c.Pedi
cel
s
d.Juxt
agl
omer
ul
arcel
l
s
e.Macul
adensa
Answer
:d
Thei
nnerl
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
ei
st
hev
i
scer
al
l
ay
er
.I
tconsi
st
sofcel
l
scal
l
edpodocy
t
es.
Theout
erl
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
ei
st
hepar
i
et
al
l
ay
er
.Pedi
cel
sar
et
hef
ootpr
ocesseson
t
hepodocy
t
es.Thej
uxt
agl
omer
ul
arcel
l
ssecr
et
er
eni
n.Themacul
adensaar
especi
al
i
zed
cel
l
si
nt
hedi
st
alconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
et
hatar
esensi
t
i
v
et
osodi
um.Thej
uxt
agl
omer
ul
arcel
l
s
andmacul
adensamakeupt
hej
uxt
agl
omer
ul
arappar
at
us.
10.
Whatar
et
he"
st
r
ai
ghtv
essel
s"
?
a.Af
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e
b.Ef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e
c.Capi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
t
d.Per
i
t
ubul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
es
e.Vasar
ect
a
Answer
:e
Theaf
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
ebr
anchesof
ft
hei
nt
er
l
obul
arar
t
er
y
.Theaf
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
esuppl
i
esbl
ood
t
ot
hegl
omer
ul
us.Thegl
omer
ul
usi
sacapi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
t
.Thegl
omer
ul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
esconv
er
get
o
f
or
mt
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e.Theper
i
t
ubul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
esi
sasecondcapi
l
l
ar
ynet
wor
kwhi
ch
ar
i
seaf
t
ert
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e.Theysur
r
oundt
hepr
oxi
malt
ubul
e,
l
oopofHenl
e,
anddi
st
al
t
ubul
e.Vasar
ect
aar
et
he"
st
r
ai
ghtv
essel
s"whi
char
i
sef
r
om someoft
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
es.
Ur
i
nar
ySy
st
em Test3
1.
Whati
st
hei
nnerr
egi
onoft
heki
dneycal
l
ed?
a.Medul
l
a
b.Lobe
c.Renalcol
umns
d.Nephr
on
e.Medul
l
ar
yr
ay
Answer
:a
Theki
dneycanbedi
v
i
dedi
nt
oanout
ercor
t
exandani
nnermedul
l
a.Aki
dneyl
obeconsi
st
sof
amedul
l
ar
ypy
r
ami
d,
i
t
sov
er
l
y
i
ngcor
t
ex,
andt
heassoci
at
edr
enalcol
umn.Ther
enalcol
umns
ar
et
het
i
ssuei
nbet
weent
hepy
r
ami
ds.Thenephr
oni
st
hef
unct
i
onaluni
toft
heki
dney
.A
r
egi
onwher
eapor
t
i
onoft
hemedul
l
apr
oj
ecti
nt
ot
her
enalcor
t
exar
er
ef
er
r
edt
oasmedul
l
ar
y
r
ay
.
2.
Whati
st
hedoubl
el
ay
er
edcapont
hegl
omer
ul
us?
a.Gl
omer
ul
us
b.Bowman'
scapsul
e
c.Renalcor
puscl
e
d.LoopofHenl
e
e.Di
st
alconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e
Answer
:b
Thef
unct
i
onaluni
toft
heki
dneyi
st
henephr
on.Thenephr
oncanbedi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
he
gl
omer
ul
usandur
i
ni
f
er
oust
ubul
e.Thecapi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
toft
henephr
oni
sr
ef
er
r
edt
oast
he
gl
omer
ul
us.Bowman'
scapsul
ei
sadoubl
el
ay
er
edcapsur
r
oundi
ngt
hegl
omer
ul
us.Thi
si
st
he
f
i
r
stpor
t
i
onoft
heur
i
ni
f
er
oust
ubul
e.Thegl
omer
ul
usandBowman'
scapsul
emakeupt
he
r
enalcor
puscl
e.Anot
hert
er
mf
ort
her
enal
cor
puscl
ei
sMal
pi
ghi
ancor
puscl
e.
Bowman'
scapsul
el
eadst
ot
hepr
oxi
mal
conv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e.Thepr
oxi
malconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e
l
eadst
ot
hel
oopofHenl
e.Thi
st
henl
eadst
ot
hedi
st
alconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e.Thedi
st
al
conv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
et
henl
eadst
ot
hecol
l
ect
i
ngduct
.
3.
Wher
ear
epodocy
t
esseen?
a.Vi
scer
al
l
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
e
b.Par
i
et
all
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
e
c.Pedi
cel
s
d.Juxt
agl
omer
ul
arcel
l
s
e.Macul
adensa
Answer
:a
Thei
nnerl
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
ei
st
hev
i
scer
al
l
ay
er
.I
tconsi
st
sofcel
l
scal
l
edpodocy
t
es.
Theout
erl
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
ei
st
hepar
i
et
al
l
ay
er
.Pedi
cel
sar
et
hef
ootpr
ocesseson
t
hepodocy
t
es.Thej
uxt
agl
omer
ul
arcel
l
ssecr
et
er
eni
n.Themacul
adensaar
especi
al
i
zed
cel
l
si
nt
hedi
st
alconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
et
hatar
esensi
t
i
v
et
osodi
um.Thej
uxt
agl
omer
ul
arcel
l
s
andmacul
adensamakeupt
hej
uxt
agl
omer
ul
arappar
at
us.
4.
Whatv
esseli
sf
or
medf
r
om anaggr
egat
i
onoft
hegl
omer
ul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
es?
a.Af
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e
b.Ef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e
c.Capi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
t
d.Per
i
t
ubul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
es
e.Vasar
ect
a
Answer
:b
Theaf
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
ebr
anchesof
ft
hei
nt
er
l
obul
arar
t
er
y
.Theaf
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
esuppl
i
esbl
ood
t
ot
hegl
omer
ul
us.Thegl
omer
ul
usi
sacapi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
t
.Thegl
omer
ul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
esconv
er
get
o
f
or
mt
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e.Theper
i
t
ubul
arcapi
l
l
ar
i
esi
sasecondcapi
l
l
ar
ynet
wor
kwhi
ch
ar
i
seaf
t
ert
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
e.Theysur
r
oundt
hepr
oxi
malt
ubul
e,
l
oopofHenl
e,
anddi
st
al
t
ubul
e.Vasar
ect
aar
et
he"
st
r
ai
ghtv
essel
s"whi
char
i
sef
r
om someoft
heef
f
er
entar
t
er
i
ol
es.
5.
Whati
st
hef
unct
i
onal
uni
toft
heki
dney
?
a.Medul
l
a
b.Lobe
c.Renalcol
umns
d.Nephr
on
e.Medul
l
ar
yr
ay
Answer
:d
Theki
dneycanbedi
v
i
dedi
nt
oanout
ercor
t
exandani
nnermedul
l
a.Aki
dneyl
obeconsi
st
sof
amedul
l
ar
ypy
r
ami
d,
i
t
sov
er
l
y
i
ngcor
t
ex,
andt
heassoci
at
edr
enalcol
umn.Ther
enalcol
umns
ar
et
het
i
ssuei
nbet
weent
hepy
r
ami
ds.Thenephr
oni
st
hef
unct
i
onaluni
toft
heki
dney
.A
r
egi
onwher
eapor
t
i
onoft
hemedul
l
apr
oj
ecti
nt
ot
her
enalcor
t
exar
er
ef
er
r
edt
oasmedul
l
ar
y
r
ay
.
6.
Whi
chst
r
uct
ur
el
eadst
ot
hecol
l
ect
i
ngduct
?
a.Gl
omer
ul
us
b.Bowman'
scapsul
e
c.Renalcor
puscl
e
d.LoopofHenl
e
e.Di
st
alconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e
Answer
:e
Thef
unct
i
onaluni
toft
heki
dneyi
st
henephr
on.Thenephr
oncanbedi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
he
gl
omer
ul
usandur
i
ni
f
er
oust
ubul
e.Thecapi
l
l
ar
yt
uf
toft
henephr
oni
sr
ef
er
r
edt
oast
he
gl
omer
ul
us.Bowman'
scapsul
ei
sadoubl
el
ay
er
edcapsur
r
oundi
ngt
hegl
omer
ul
us.Thi
si
st
he
f
i
r
stpor
t
i
onoft
heur
i
ni
f
er
oust
ubul
e.Thegl
omer
ul
usandBowman'
scapsul
emakeupt
he
r
enalcor
puscl
e.Anot
hert
er
mf
ort
her
enal
cor
puscl
ei
sMal
pi
ghi
ancor
puscl
e.
Bowman'
scapsul
el
eadst
ot
hepr
oxi
mal
conv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e.Thepr
oxi
malconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e
l
eadst
ot
hel
oopofHenl
e.Thi
st
henl
eadst
ot
hedi
st
alconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
e.Thedi
st
al
conv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
et
henl
eadst
ot
hecol
l
ect
i
ngduct
.
7.
Whatcel
l
sar
esensi
t
i
v
et
osodi
um concent
r
at
i
on?
a.Vi
scer
al
l
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
e
b.Par
i
et
all
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
e
c.Pedi
cel
s
d.Juxt
agl
omer
ul
arcel
l
s
e.Macul
adensa
Answer
:e
Thei
nnerl
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
ei
st
hev
i
scer
al
l
ay
er
.I
tconsi
st
sofcel
l
scal
l
edpodocy
t
es.
Theout
erl
ay
erofBowman'
scapsul
ei
st
hepar
i
et
al
l
ay
er
.Pedi
cel
sar
et
hef
ootpr
ocesseson
t
hepodocy
t
es.Thej
uxt
agl
omer
ul
arcel
l
ssecr
et
er
eni
n.Themacul
adensaar
especi
al
i
zed
cel
l
si
nt
hedi
st
alconv
ol
ut
edt
ubul
et
hatar
esensi
t
i
v
et
osodi
um.Thej
uxt
agl
omer
ul
arcel
l
s
andmacul
adensamakeupt
hej
uxt
agl
omer
ul
arappar
at
us.
Endocr
i
neSy
st
em Hi
st
ol
ogy
Endocr
i
neSy
st
em Test1
1.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
sNOTachar
act
er
i
st
i
coft
heendocr
i
nesy
st
em?
a.Pr
oduct
ssecr
et
edi
nt
obl
ood
b.Gl
andswi
t
hduct
s
c.Secr
et
eshor
mones
d.Nonl
ocal
i
zedr
esponse
e.Al
loft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngar
echar
act
er
i
st
i
csoft
heendocr
i
nesy
st
em
Answer
:b
Theendocr
i
nesy
st
em i
sasy
st
em ofcel
l
ul
arcommuni
cat
i
on.Themeansofcommuni
cat
i
oni
s
v
i
ahor
mones.Thehor
monesar
esecr
et
edbyduct
l
essgl
andsdi
r
ect
l
yi
nt
ot
hebl
oodst
r
eam.
Gener
al
l
y
,
t
her
esponset
ohor
monesi
snonl
ocal
i
zed.
I
fagl
andsecr
et
esi
t
spr
oductt
hr
oughaduct
,
i
ti
sanexocr
i
negl
and.
2.
Whatt
y
peofhor
monei
st
est
ost
er
one?
a.Pr
ot
ei
n
b.Ami
noaci
dchai
n
c.St
er
oi
d
d.Cat
echol
ami
ne
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:c
Hor
monescanhav
eav
ar
i
et
yofst
r
uct
ur
es.Hor
moneswhi
char
epr
ot
ei
nsi
ncl
udei
nsul
i
nand
pr
ol
act
i
n.Pept
i
dechai
nsar
eshor
tchai
nsofami
noaci
ds.Exampl
esofhor
moneswhi
char
e
pept
i
dechai
nsar
eant
i
di
ur
et
i
chor
moneandoxy
t
oci
n.St
er
oi
dhor
monesar
echol
est
er
ol
der
i
v
at
i
v
es.St
er
oi
dhor
monesi
ncl
udet
est
ost
er
oneandest
r
adi
ol
.Nor
epi
nephr
i
neand
epi
nephr
i
near
ecat
echol
ami
nes.
3.
Whator
gani
sni
cknamedt
he"
mast
ergl
and"
a.Adr
enal
medul
l
a
b.Adr
enalcor
t
ex
c.Br
ai
n
d.Pi
t
ui
t
ar
y
e.Hear
t
Answer
:d
Thepi
t
ui
t
ar
yi
sni
cknamedt
hemast
ergl
and.
4.
Whatcel
lt
y
pesecr
et
esACTH?
a.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
b.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
c.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
d.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
e.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
Answer
:d
Ther
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pesi
nt
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s(
ant
er
i
orpi
t
ui
t
ar
y
)
.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
e
pr
ol
act
i
n.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
et
hy
r
oi
dst
i
mul
at
i
nghor
mone(
TSH)
.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
secr
et
egr
owt
hhor
mone.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
eadr
enocor
t
i
cot
r
opi
chor
mone(
ACTH)and
mel
anocy
t
est
i
mul
at
i
nghor
mone(
MSH)
.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
ef
ol
l
i
cl
est
i
mul
at
i
ng
hor
mone(
FSH)andl
ut
ei
ni
zi
nghor
mone(
LH)
.
5.
Wher
ei
scor
por
aar
enaceaf
ound?
a.Pi
t
ui
t
ar
y
b.Pi
nealgl
and
c.Adr
enalgl
and
d.Pancr
eas
e.Thy
r
oi
d
Answer
:b
Cor
por
aar
enaceai
sni
cknamed"
br
ai
nsand"
.Cor
por
aar
enaceai
s
cal
ci
f
i
cat
i
onseeni
nt
hepi
nealgl
and.
6.
Whi
chgl
andsecr
et
esmel
at
oni
n?
a.Pancr
eas
b.Thy
r
oi
d
c.Pi
nealgl
and
d.Adr
enalgl
and(
cor
t
ex)
e.Adr
enalgl
and(
medul
l
a)
Answer
:c
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eassecr
et
esi
nsul
i
n,
gl
ucagon,
andsomat
ost
at
i
n.The
t
hy
r
oi
dgl
andsecr
et
est
het
hy
r
oi
dhor
mones(
T3andT4)andcal
ci
t
oni
n.Thepi
nealgl
and
secr
et
esmel
at
oni
n.Thecor
t
exoft
headr
enal
gl
andsecr
et
esav
ar
i
et
yofcor
t
i
cost
er
oi
ds.I
t
secr
et
esmi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchasal
dost
er
one)
,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchascor
t
i
sol
)andsex
st
er
oi
ds.Epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
near
esecr
et
edf
r
om t
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
7.
Whi
chcel
lt
y
pear
ei
nv
ol
v
edi
nt
hesecr
et
i
ont
hy
r
ogl
obul
i
n?
a.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
b.Oxy
phi
lcel
l
c.Par
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
d.Fol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
e.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
Answer
:d
Ther
ear
et
wocel
lt
y
pesi
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
and:pr
i
nci
palcel
l
sandoxy
phi
lcel
l
s.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
sar
eal
socal
l
edchi
efcel
l
s.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
sar
et
hemor
epr
ev
al
ent
.Oxy
phi
lcel
l
sar
eal
so
f
oundi
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
and;
howev
ert
heyar
enotaspr
ev
al
entaspr
i
nci
palcel
l
s.
Ther
ear
et
wocel
lt
y
pesi
nt
het
hy
r
oi
d:f
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
sandpar
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s.Fol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
r
el
easeandst
or
et
hy
r
oi
dhor
mone.Par
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
soft
het
hy
r
oi
dgl
andar
eal
socal
l
edC
cel
l
s.Theysecr
et
ecal
ci
t
oni
n.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.
8.
Wher
ei
si
nsul
i
nsecr
et
edf
r
om?
a.Al
phacel
l
s
b.Bet
acel
l
s
c.Gammacel
l
s
d.Del
t
acel
l
s
e.Aci
ni
Answer
:b
Thepancr
easi
sbot
hanendocr
i
neandexocr
i
neor
gan.
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
easi
shousedi
nt
hei
sl
et
sofLanger
hans.Wi
t
hi
nt
hei
sl
et
s,
t
her
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pes.Theal
phacel
l
ssecr
et
egl
ucagon.Thebet
acel
l
ssecr
et
ei
nsul
i
n.
Thedel
t
acel
l
ssecr
et
esomat
ost
at
i
n.Thegammacel
l
ssecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de.
Theaci
nii
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas.
9.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
spar
toft
headr
enal
gl
and?
a.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
b.Zonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s
c.Zonagl
omer
ul
osa
d.Zonaf
asci
cul
at
a
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:e
Theadr
enalgl
andi
scomposedoft
headr
enal
cor
t
exandt
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
Thel
ay
er
soft
headr
enal
cor
t
ex,
f
r
om out
er
mostt
oi
nner
mostar
e:zonagl
omer
ul
osa,
zona
f
asci
cul
at
a,
andzonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s.Ther
espect
i
v
epr
i
nci
pl
epr
oduct
sar
e:mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
cods,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds,
andsexst
er
oi
ds.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.Theysecr
et
et
hecat
echol
ami
nes
(
epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
ne)
.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:Amnemoni
ct
or
emembert
hel
ay
er
soft
headr
enalcor
t
ex
andt
hei
rr
espect
i
v
epr
oduct
si
s"
GoFi
ndRex;
MakeGoodSex"(
gl
omer
ul
osa,
f
asci
cul
at
a,
r
et
i
cul
ar
i
s)(
mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
d,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
d,
sexst
er
oi
ds)
.
10.
Whi
chpar
tt
headr
enal
gl
andsecr
et
esgl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds?
a.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
b.Zonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s
c.Zonagl
omer
ul
osa
d.Zonaf
asci
cul
at
a
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:d
Theadr
enalgl
andi
scomposedoft
headr
enal
cor
t
exandt
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
Thel
ay
er
soft
headr
enal
cor
t
ex,
f
r
om out
er
mostt
oi
nner
mostar
e:zonagl
omer
ul
osa,
zona
f
asci
cul
at
a,
andzonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s.Ther
espect
i
v
epr
i
nci
pl
epr
oduct
sar
e:mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
cods,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds,
andsexst
er
oi
ds.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.Theysecr
et
et
hecat
echol
ami
nes
(
epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
ne)
.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:Amnemoni
ct
or
emembert
hel
ay
er
soft
headr
enalcor
t
ex
andt
hei
rr
espect
i
v
epr
oduct
si
s"
GoFi
ndRex;
MakeGoodSex"(
gl
omer
ul
osa,
f
asci
cul
at
a,
r
et
i
cul
ar
i
s)(
mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
d,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
d,
sexst
er
oi
ds)
.
Endocr
i
neSy
st
em Test2
1.
Whatt
y
peofhor
monei
si
nsul
i
n?
a.Pr
ot
ei
n
b.Pept
i
de
c.St
er
oi
d
d.Cat
echol
ami
ne
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:a
Hor
monescanhav
eav
ar
i
et
yofst
r
uct
ur
es.Hor
moneswhi
char
epr
ot
ei
nsi
ncl
udei
nsul
i
nand
pr
ol
act
i
n.Pept
i
dechai
nsar
eshor
tchai
nsofami
noaci
ds.Exampl
esofhor
moneswhi
char
e
pept
i
dechai
nsar
eant
i
di
ur
et
i
chor
moneandoxy
t
oci
n.St
er
oi
dhor
monesar
echol
est
er
ol
der
i
v
at
i
v
es.St
er
oi
dhor
monesi
ncl
udet
est
ost
er
oneandest
r
adi
ol
.Nor
epi
nephr
i
neand
epi
nephr
i
near
ecat
echol
ami
nes.
2.
Whatconnect
st
hepi
t
ui
t
ar
yt
ot
hehy
pot
hal
amus?
a.Par
si
nt
er
medi
a
b.Par
st
uber
al
i
s
c.I
nf
undi
bul
um
d.Adenohy
pophy
si
s
e.Neur
ohy
pophy
si
s
Answer
:c
Thepi
t
ui
t
ar
yi
sni
cknamedt
hemast
ergl
and.Thei
nf
undi
bul
um connect
st
hepi
t
ui
t
ar
yt
ot
he
hy
pot
hal
amus.Thepi
t
ui
t
ar
ycanbesubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
headenohy
pophy
si
sand
neur
ohy
pophy
si
s.Theadenohy
pophy
si
scanbef
ur
t
hersubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s,
par
s
i
nt
er
medi
a,
andpar
st
uber
al
i
s.Theadenohy
pophy
si
s(
mor
especi
f
i
cal
l
y
,
t
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
sof
t
headenohy
pophy
si
s)secr
et
est
r
opi
chor
mones.Tr
opi
chor
monesaf
f
ectcel
l
ul
aract
i
v
i
t
yi
n
t
hei
rt
ar
getor
gan.Theneur
ohy
pophy
si
ssecr
et
est
wohor
mones:oxy
t
oci
nandant
i
di
ur
et
i
c
hor
mone.
3.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
snotpar
toft
headenohy
pophy
si
s?
a.Par
si
nt
er
medi
a
b.Par
st
uber
al
i
s
c.Par
sdi
st
al
i
s
d.Par
sner
v
osa
e.Al
loft
heabov
ear
epar
toft
headenohy
pophy
si
s
Answer
:d
Thepi
t
ui
t
ar
ycanbesubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
headenohy
pophy
si
sandneur
ohy
pophy
si
s.The
adenohy
pophy
si
scanbef
ur
t
hersubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s,
par
si
nt
er
medi
a,
andpar
s
t
uber
al
i
s.Thepar
sdi
st
al
i
si
st
heant
er
i
orl
obeoft
hepi
t
ui
t
ar
y
.Theneur
ohy
pophy
si
scanbe
f
ur
t
hersubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
hepar
sner
v
osa,
i
nf
undi
bul
arst
al
k,
andmedi
anemi
nence.Thepar
s
ner
v
osai
st
hepost
er
i
orl
obe.
4.
Whatcel
lt
y
pesecr
et
espr
ol
act
i
n?
a.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
b.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
c.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
d.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
e.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
Answer
:a
Ther
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pesi
nt
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s(
ant
er
i
orpi
t
ui
t
ar
y
)
.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
e
pr
ol
act
i
n.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
et
hy
r
oi
dst
i
mul
at
i
nghor
mone(
TSH)
.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
secr
et
egr
owt
hhor
mone.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
eadr
enocor
t
i
cot
r
opi
chor
mone(
ACTH)and
mel
anocy
t
est
i
mul
at
i
nghor
mone(
MSH)
.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
ef
ol
l
i
cl
est
i
mul
at
i
ng
hor
mone(
FSH)andl
ut
ei
ni
zi
nghor
mone(
LH)
.
5.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngcel
l
scanbecl
assi
f
i
edasanaci
dophi
l
?
a.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
b.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
c.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
d.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:d
Thecel
l
soft
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s(
ant
er
i
orpi
t
ui
t
ar
y
)canbecl
assi
f
i
edasaci
dophi
l
sorbasophi
l
s
dependi
ngont
hei
raf
f
i
ni
t
yf
oraci
dorbasi
cdy
es,
r
espect
i
v
el
y
.
Theaci
dophi
l
sar
et
hesomat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
sandt
hel
act
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s.Thus,
gr
owt
hhor
moneand
pr
ol
act
i
nar
esecr
et
edbyaci
dophi
l
i
ccel
l
s.
Thebasophi
l
sar
et
hegonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s,
cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
sandt
hy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s.Thus,
t
he
basophi
l
ssecr
et
eFSH,
LH,
ACTH,
andTSH.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:
Ther
ear
et
womnemoni
cst
ousewhent
hi
nki
ngofaci
dophi
l
sandbasophi
l
soft
heant
er
i
or
pi
t
ui
t
ar
y
.
"
GPA"(
gr
owt
hhor
moneandpr
ol
act
i
nar
esecr
et
edbyt
heaci
dophi
l
s)
.
"
BFLAT"(
basophi
l
ssecr
et
eFSH,
LH,
ACTH,
andTSH)
.
6.
Whi
chgl
andsecr
et
escal
ci
t
oni
n?
a.Pancr
eas
b.Thy
r
oi
d
c.Pi
nealgl
and
d.Adr
enalgl
and(
cor
t
ex)
e.Adr
enalgl
and(
medul
l
a)
Answer
:b
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eassecr
et
esi
nsul
i
n,
gl
ucagon,
andsomat
ost
at
i
n.The
t
hy
r
oi
dgl
andsecr
et
est
het
hy
r
oi
dhor
mones(
T3andT4)andcal
ci
t
oni
n.Thepi
nealgl
and
secr
et
esmel
at
oni
n.Thecor
t
exoft
headr
enal
gl
andsecr
et
esav
ar
i
et
yofcor
t
i
cost
er
oi
ds.I
t
secr
et
esmi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchasal
dost
er
one)
,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchascor
t
i
sol
)andsex
st
er
oi
ds.Epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
near
esecr
et
edf
r
om t
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
7.
Whi
chcel
lt
y
pear
eal
socal
l
edCcel
l
s?
a.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
b.Oxy
phi
lcel
l
c.Par
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
d.Fol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
e.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
Answer
:c
Ther
ear
et
wocel
lt
y
pesi
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
and:pr
i
nci
palcel
l
sandoxy
phi
lcel
l
s.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
sar
eal
socal
l
edchi
efcel
l
s.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
sar
et
hemor
epr
ev
al
ent
.Oxy
phi
lcel
l
sar
eal
so
f
oundi
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
and;
howev
ert
heyar
enotaspr
ev
al
entaspr
i
nci
palcel
l
s.
Ther
ear
et
wocel
lt
y
pesi
nt
het
hy
r
oi
d:f
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
sandpar
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s.Fol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
r
el
easeandst
or
et
hy
r
oi
dhor
mone.Par
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
soft
het
hy
r
oi
dgl
andar
eal
socal
l
edC
cel
l
s.Theysecr
et
ecal
ci
t
oni
n.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.
8.
Wher
ei
sgl
ucagonsecr
et
edf
r
om?
a.Al
phacel
l
s
b.Bet
acel
l
s
c.Gammacel
l
s
d.Del
t
acel
l
s
e.Aci
ni
Answer
:a
Thepancr
easi
sbot
hanendocr
i
neandexocr
i
neor
gan.
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
easi
shousedi
nt
hei
sl
et
sofLanger
hans.Wi
t
hi
nt
hei
sl
et
s,
t
her
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pes.Theal
phacel
l
ssecr
et
egl
ucagon.Thebet
acel
l
ssecr
et
ei
nsul
i
n.
Thedel
t
acel
l
ssecr
et
esomat
ost
at
i
n.Thegammacel
l
ssecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de.
Theaci
nii
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas.
9.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
sacomponentoft
headr
enalmedul
l
a?
a.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
b.Zonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s
c.Zonagl
omer
ul
osa
d.Zonaf
asci
cul
at
a
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:a
Theadr
enalgl
andi
scomposedoft
headr
enal
cor
t
exandt
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
Thel
ay
er
soft
headr
enal
cor
t
ex,
f
r
om out
er
mostt
oi
nner
mostar
e:zonagl
omer
ul
osa,
zona
f
asci
cul
at
a,
andzonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s.Ther
espect
i
v
epr
i
nci
pl
epr
oduct
sar
e:mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
cods,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds,
andsexst
er
oi
ds.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.Theysecr
et
et
hecat
echol
ami
nes
(
epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
ne)
.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:Amnemoni
ct
or
emembert
hel
ay
er
soft
headr
enalcor
t
ex
andt
hei
rr
espect
i
v
epr
oduct
si
s"
GoFi
ndRex;
MakeGoodSex"(
gl
omer
ul
osa,
f
asci
cul
at
a,
r
et
i
cul
ar
i
s)(
mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
d,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
d,
sexst
er
oi
ds)
.
10.
Whatar
et
hecel
l
soft
hepi
neal
gl
andcal
l
ed?
a.Fol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
b.Par
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
c.Pi
neal
ocy
t
es
d.Pcel
l
s
e.PPcel
l
s
Answer
:c
Thecel
l
soft
hepi
nealgl
andcal
l
edpi
neal
ocy
t
es.Ther
ear
eal
sogl
i
alcel
l
si
nt
hepi
nealgl
and.
PPcel
l
sar
ecel
l
si
nt
hepancr
easwhi
chsecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de.
Endocr
i
neSy
st
em Test3
1.
Whatt
y
peofhor
monei
spr
ol
act
i
n?
a.Pr
ot
ei
n
b.Pept
i
de
c.St
er
oi
d
d.Cat
echol
ami
ne
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:a
Hor
monescanhav
eav
ar
i
et
yofst
r
uct
ur
es.Hor
moneswhi
char
epr
ot
ei
ns
i
ncl
udei
nsul
i
nandpr
ol
act
i
n.Pept
i
dechai
nsar
eshor
tchai
nsofami
no
aci
ds.Exampl
esofhor
moneswhi
char
epept
i
dechai
nsar
eant
i
di
ur
et
i
c
hor
moneandoxy
t
oci
n.St
er
oi
dhor
monesar
echol
est
er
ol
der
i
v
at
i
v
es.
St
er
oi
dhor
monesi
ncl
udet
est
ost
er
oneandest
r
adi
ol
.Nor
epi
nephr
i
neand
epi
nephr
i
near
ecat
echol
ami
nes.
2.
Wher
ear
et
r
opi
chor
monessecr
et
edf
r
om?
a.Par
si
nt
er
medi
a
b.Par
st
uber
al
i
s
c.I
nf
undi
bul
um
d.Adenohy
pophy
si
s
e.Neur
ohy
pophy
si
s
Answer
:d
Thepi
t
ui
t
ar
yi
sni
cknamedt
hemast
ergl
and.Thei
nf
undi
bul
um connect
s
t
hepi
t
ui
t
ar
yt
ot
hehy
pot
hal
amus.Thepi
t
ui
t
ar
ycanbesubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
he
adenohy
pophy
si
sandneur
ohy
pophy
si
s.Theadenohy
pophy
si
scanbe
f
ur
t
hersubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s,
par
si
nt
er
medi
a,
andpar
s
t
uber
al
i
s.Theadenohy
pophy
si
s(
mor
especi
f
i
cal
l
y
,
t
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
soft
he
adenohy
pophy
si
s)secr
et
est
r
opi
chor
mones.Tr
opi
chor
monesaf
f
ect
cel
l
ul
aract
i
v
i
t
yi
nt
hei
rt
ar
getor
gan.Theneur
ohy
pophy
si
ssecr
et
est
wo
hor
mones:oxy
t
oci
nandant
i
di
ur
et
i
chor
mone.
3.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
snotpar
toft
heneur
ohy
pophy
si
s?
a.Medi
anemi
nence
b.Par
sdi
st
al
i
s
c.Par
sner
v
osa
d.I
nf
undi
bul
arst
al
k
e.Al
loft
heabov
ear
epar
toft
heneur
ohy
pophy
si
s
Answer
:b
Thepi
t
ui
t
ar
ycanbesubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
headenohy
pophy
si
sand
neur
ohy
pophy
si
s.Theadenohy
pophy
si
scanbef
ur
t
hersubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
he
par
sdi
st
al
i
s,
par
si
nt
er
medi
a,
andpar
st
uber
al
i
s.Thepar
sdi
st
al
i
si
st
he
ant
er
i
orl
obeoft
hepi
t
ui
t
ar
y
.Theneur
ohy
pophy
si
scanbef
ur
t
hersubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
hepar
sner
v
osa,
i
nf
undi
bul
arst
al
k,
andmedi
anemi
nence.The
par
sner
v
osai
st
hepost
er
i
orl
obe.
4.
Whatcel
lt
y
pesecr
et
esMSH?
a.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
b.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
c.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
d.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
e.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
Answer
:d
Ther
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pesi
nt
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s(
ant
er
i
orpi
t
ui
t
ar
y
)
.
Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
epr
ol
act
i
n.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
et
hy
r
oi
d
st
i
mul
at
i
nghor
mone(
TSH)
.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
egr
owt
hhor
mone.
Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
eadr
enocor
t
i
cot
r
opi
chor
mone(
ACTH)and
mel
anocy
t
est
i
mul
at
i
nghor
mone(
MSH)
.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
ef
ol
l
i
cl
e
st
i
mul
at
i
nghor
mone(
FSH)andl
ut
ei
ni
zi
nghor
mone(
LH)
.
5.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngcel
l
scanbecl
assi
f
i
edasanaci
dophi
l
?
a.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
b.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
c.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
d.Noneoft
heabov
e
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:d
Thecel
l
soft
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s(
ant
er
i
orpi
t
ui
t
ar
y
)canbecl
assi
f
i
edas
aci
dophi
l
sorbasophi
l
sdependi
ngont
hei
raf
f
i
ni
t
yf
oraci
dorbasi
cdy
es,
r
espect
i
v
el
y
.
Theaci
dophi
l
sar
et
hesomat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
sandt
hel
act
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s.Thus,
gr
owt
hhor
moneandpr
ol
act
i
nar
esecr
et
edbyaci
dophi
l
i
ccel
l
s.
Thebasophi
l
sar
et
hegonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s,
cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
sand
t
hy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s.Thus,
t
hebasophi
l
ssecr
et
eFSH,
LH,
ACTH,
andTSH.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:
Ther
ear
et
womnemoni
cst
ousewhent
hi
nki
ngofaci
dophi
l
sand
basophi
l
soft
heant
er
i
orpi
t
ui
t
ar
y
.
"
GPA"(
gr
owt
hhor
moneandpr
ol
act
i
nar
esecr
et
edbyt
heaci
dophi
l
s)
.
"
BFLAT"(
basophi
l
ssecr
et
eFSH,
LH,
ACTH,
andTSH)
.
6.
Whi
chgl
andsecr
et
esepi
nephr
i
ne?
a.Pancr
eas
b.Thy
r
oi
d
c.Pi
nealgl
and
d.Adr
enalgl
and(
cor
t
ex)
e.Adr
enalgl
and(
medul
l
a)
Answer
:e
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eassecr
et
esi
nsul
i
n,
gl
ucagon,
and
somat
ost
at
i
n.Thet
hy
r
oi
dgl
andsecr
et
est
het
hy
r
oi
dhor
mones(
T3andT4)
andcal
ci
t
oni
n.Thepi
neal
gl
andsecr
et
esmel
at
oni
n.Thecor
t
exoft
he
adr
enalgl
andsecr
et
esav
ar
i
et
yofcor
t
i
cost
er
oi
ds.I
tsecr
et
es
mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchasal
dost
er
one)
,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchas
cor
t
i
sol
)andsexst
er
oi
ds.Epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
near
esecr
et
ed
f
r
om t
headr
enal
medul
l
a.
7.
Whi
chgl
andsecr
et
escor
t
i
sol
?
a.Pancr
eas
b.Thy
r
oi
d
c.Pi
nealgl
and
d.Adr
enalgl
and(
cor
t
ex)
e.Adr
enalgl
and(
medul
l
a)
Answer
:d
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eassecr
et
esi
nsul
i
n,
gl
ucagon,
and
somat
ost
at
i
n.Thet
hy
r
oi
dgl
andsecr
et
est
het
hy
r
oi
dhor
mones(
T3andT4)
andcal
ci
t
oni
n.Thepi
neal
gl
andsecr
et
esmel
at
oni
n.Thecor
t
exoft
he
adr
enalgl
andsecr
et
esav
ar
i
et
yofcor
t
i
cost
er
oi
ds.I
tsecr
et
es
mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchasal
dost
er
one)
,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchas
cor
t
i
sol
)andsexst
er
oi
ds.Epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
near
esecr
et
ed
f
r
om t
headr
enal
medul
l
a.
8.
Whi
chcel
lt
y
pei
sf
oundi
nt
headr
enal
medul
l
a?
a.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
b.Oxy
phi
lcel
l
c.Par
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
d.Fol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
e.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
Answer
:e
Ther
ear
et
wocel
lt
y
pesi
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
and:pr
i
nci
palcel
l
sandoxy
phi
l
cel
l
s.Pr
i
nci
palcel
l
sar
eal
socal
l
edchi
efcel
l
s.Pr
i
nci
palcel
l
sar
et
hemor
e
pr
ev
al
ent
.Oxy
phi
lcel
l
sar
eal
sof
oundi
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
and;
howev
er
t
heyar
enotaspr
ev
al
entaspr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
s.
Ther
ear
et
wocel
lt
y
pesi
nt
het
hy
r
oi
d:f
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
sandpar
af
ol
l
i
cul
ar
cel
l
s.Fol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
sr
el
easeandst
or
et
hy
r
oi
dhor
mone.Par
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
oft
het
hy
r
oi
dgl
andar
eal
socal
l
edCcel
l
s.Theysecr
et
ecal
ci
t
oni
n.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.
9.
Wher
ei
spancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
desecr
et
edf
r
om?
a.Al
phacel
l
s
b.Bet
acel
l
s
c.Gammacel
l
s
d.Del
t
acel
l
s
e.Aci
ni
Answer
:c
Thepancr
easi
sbot
hanendocr
i
neandexocr
i
neor
gan.
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
easi
shousedi
nt
hei
sl
et
sof
Langer
hans.Wi
t
hi
nt
hei
sl
et
s,
t
her
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pes.Theal
phacel
l
s
secr
et
egl
ucagon.Thebet
acel
l
ssecr
et
ei
nsul
i
n.Thedel
t
acel
l
ssecr
et
e
somat
ost
at
i
n.Thegammacel
l
ssecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de.
Theaci
nii
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas.
10.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
st
hemi
ddl
el
ay
eroft
headr
enalcor
t
ex?
a.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
b.Zonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s
c.Zonagl
omer
ul
osa
d.Zonaf
asci
cul
at
a
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:d
Theadr
enalgl
andi
scomposedoft
headr
enal
cor
t
exandt
headr
enal
medul
l
a.
Thel
ay
er
soft
headr
enal
cor
t
ex,
f
r
om out
er
mostt
oi
nner
mostar
e:zona
gl
omer
ul
osa,
zonaf
asci
cul
at
a,
andzonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s.Ther
espect
i
v
e
pr
i
nci
pl
epr
oduct
sar
e:mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
cods,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds,
andsex
st
er
oi
ds.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.Theysecr
et
et
he
cat
echol
ami
nes(
epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
ne)
.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:Amnemoni
ct
or
emembert
hel
ay
er
sof
t
headr
enalcor
t
exandt
hei
rr
espect
i
v
epr
oduct
si
s"
GoFi
ndRex;
Make
GoodSex"(
gl
omer
ul
osa,
f
asci
cul
at
a,
r
et
i
cul
ar
i
s)(
mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
d,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
d,
sexst
er
oi
ds)
Endocr
i
neSy
st
em Test4
1.
Whatt
y
peofhor
monei
sant
i
di
ur
et
i
chor
mone?
a.Pr
ot
ei
n
b.Pept
i
de
c.St
er
oi
d
d.Cat
echol
ami
ne
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:b
Hor
monescanhav
eav
ar
i
et
yofst
r
uct
ur
es.Hor
moneswhi
char
epr
ot
ei
nsi
ncl
udei
nsul
i
nand
pr
ol
act
i
n.Pept
i
dechai
nsar
eshor
tchai
nsofami
noaci
ds.Exampl
esofhor
moneswhi
char
e
pept
i
dechai
nsar
eant
i
di
ur
et
i
chor
moneandoxy
t
oci
n.St
er
oi
dhor
monesar
echol
est
er
ol
der
i
v
at
i
v
es.St
er
oi
dhor
monesi
ncl
udet
est
ost
er
oneandest
r
adi
ol
.Nor
epi
nephr
i
neand
epi
nephr
i
near
ecat
echol
ami
nes.
2.
Wher
ei
soxy
t
oci
nsecr
et
edf
r
om?
a.Par
si
nt
er
medi
a
b.Par
st
uber
al
i
s
c.I
nf
undi
bul
um
d.Adenohy
pophy
si
s
e.Neur
ohy
pophy
si
s
Answer
:e
Thepi
t
ui
t
ar
yi
sni
cknamedt
hemast
ergl
and.Thei
nf
undi
bul
um connect
st
hepi
t
ui
t
ar
yt
ot
he
hy
pot
hal
amus.Thepi
t
ui
t
ar
ycanbesubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
headenohy
pophy
si
sand
neur
ohy
pophy
si
s.Theadenohy
pophy
si
scanbef
ur
t
hersubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s,
par
s
i
nt
er
medi
a,
andpar
st
uber
al
i
s.Theadenohy
pophy
si
s(
mor
especi
f
i
cal
l
y
,
t
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
sof
t
headenohy
pophy
si
s)secr
et
est
r
opi
chor
mones.Tr
opi
chor
monesaf
f
ectcel
l
ul
aract
i
v
i
t
yi
n
t
hei
rt
ar
getor
gan.Theneur
ohy
pophy
si
ssecr
et
est
wohor
mones:oxy
t
oci
nandant
i
di
ur
et
i
c
hor
mone.
3.
Whatcel
lt
y
pesecr
et
esLH?
a.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
b.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
c.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
d.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
e.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
Answer
:e
Ther
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pesi
nt
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s(
ant
er
i
orpi
t
ui
t
ar
y
)
.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
e
pr
ol
act
i
n.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
et
hy
r
oi
dst
i
mul
at
i
nghor
mone(
TSH)
.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
secr
et
egr
owt
hhor
mone.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
eadr
enocor
t
i
cot
r
opi
chor
mone(
ACTH)and
mel
anocy
t
est
i
mul
at
i
nghor
mone(
MSH)
.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
ef
ol
l
i
cl
est
i
mul
at
i
ng
hor
mone(
FSH)andl
ut
ei
ni
zi
nghor
mone(
LH)
.
4.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngcel
l
scanbecl
assi
f
i
edasabasophi
l
?
a.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
b.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
c.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
d.Noneoft
heabov
e
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:a
Thecel
l
soft
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s(
ant
er
i
orpi
t
ui
t
ar
y
)canbecl
assi
f
i
edasaci
dophi
l
sorbasophi
l
s
dependi
ngont
hei
raf
f
i
ni
t
yf
oraci
dorbasi
cdy
es,
r
espect
i
v
el
y
.
Theaci
dophi
l
sar
et
hesomat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
sandt
hel
act
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s.Thus,
gr
owt
hhor
moneand
pr
ol
act
i
nar
esecr
et
edbyaci
dophi
l
i
ccel
l
s.Thebasophi
l
sar
et
hegonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s,
cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
sandt
hy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s.
Thebasophi
l
sar
et
hegonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s,
cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
sandt
hy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s.Thus,
t
he
basophi
l
ssecr
et
eFSH,
LH,
ACTH,
andTSH.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:
Ther
ear
et
womnemoni
cst
ousewhent
hi
nki
ngofaci
dophi
l
sandbasophi
l
soft
heant
er
i
or
pi
t
ui
t
ar
y
.
"
GPA"(
gr
owt
hhor
moneandpr
ol
act
i
nar
esecr
et
edbyt
heaci
dophi
l
s)
.
"
BFLAT"(
basophi
l
ssecr
et
eFSH,
LH,
ACTH,
andTSH)
.
5.
Whi
chgl
andsecr
et
esT3?
a.Pancr
eas
b.Thy
r
oi
d
c.Pi
nealgl
and
d.Adr
enalgl
and(
cor
t
ex)
e.Adr
enalgl
and(
medul
l
a)
Answer
:b
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eassecr
et
esi
nsul
i
n,
gl
ucagon,
andsomat
ost
at
i
n.The
t
hy
r
oi
dgl
andsecr
et
est
het
hy
r
oi
dhor
mones(
T3andT4)andcal
ci
t
oni
n.Thepi
nealgl
and
secr
et
esmel
at
oni
n.Thecor
t
exoft
headr
enal
gl
andsecr
et
esav
ar
i
et
yofcor
t
i
cost
er
oi
ds.I
t
secr
et
esmi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchasal
dost
er
one)
,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchascor
t
i
sol
)andsex
st
er
oi
ds.Epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
near
esecr
et
edf
r
om t
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
6.
Whi
chgl
andsecr
et
essexst
er
oi
ds?
a.Pancr
eas
b.Thy
r
oi
d
c.Pi
nealgl
and
d.Adr
enalgl
and(
cor
t
ex)
e.Adr
enalgl
and(
medul
l
a)
Answer
:d
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eassecr
et
esi
nsul
i
n,
gl
ucagon,
andsomat
ost
at
i
n.The
t
hy
r
oi
dgl
andsecr
et
est
het
hy
r
oi
dhor
mones(
T3andT4)andcal
ci
t
oni
n.Thepi
nealgl
and
secr
et
esmel
at
oni
n.Thecor
t
exoft
headr
enal
gl
andsecr
et
esav
ar
i
et
yofcor
t
i
cost
er
oi
ds.I
t
secr
et
esmi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchasal
dost
er
one)
,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchascor
t
i
sol
)andsex
st
er
oi
ds.Epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
near
esecr
et
edf
r
om t
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
7.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas?
a.I
sl
et
sofLanger
hans
b.Al
phacel
l
s
c.Bet
acel
l
s
d.Del
t
acel
l
s
e.Aci
ni
Answer
:e
Thepancr
easi
sbot
hanendocr
i
neandexocr
i
neor
gan.
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
easi
shousedi
nt
hei
sl
et
sofLanger
hans.Wi
t
hi
nt
hei
sl
et
s,
t
her
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pes.Theal
phacel
l
ssecr
et
egl
ucagon.Thebet
acel
l
ssecr
et
ei
nsul
i
n.
Thedel
t
acel
l
ssecr
et
esomat
ost
at
i
n.Thegammacel
l
ssecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de.
Theaci
nii
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas.
8.
Wher
ei
ssomat
ost
at
i
nsecr
et
edf
r
om?
a.Al
phacel
l
s
b.Bet
acel
l
s
c.Gammacel
l
s
d.Del
t
acel
l
s
e.Aci
ni
Answer
:d
Thepancr
easi
sbot
hanendocr
i
neandexocr
i
neor
gan.
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
easi
shousedi
nt
hei
sl
et
sofLanger
hans.Wi
t
hi
nt
hei
sl
et
s,
t
her
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pes.Theal
phacel
l
ssecr
et
egl
ucagon.Thebet
acel
l
ssecr
et
ei
nsul
i
n.
Thedel
t
acel
l
ssecr
et
esomat
ost
at
i
n.Thegammacel
l
ssecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de.
Theaci
nii
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas.
9.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
sseent
hei
nner
mostpor
t
i
ont
headr
enalgl
and?
a.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
b.Zonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s
c.Zonagl
omer
ul
osa
d.Zonaf
asci
cul
at
a
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:a
Theadr
enalgl
andi
scomposedoft
headr
enal
cor
t
exandt
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
Thel
ay
er
soft
headr
enal
cor
t
ex,
f
r
om out
er
mostt
oi
nner
mostar
e:zonagl
omer
ul
osa,
zona
f
asci
cul
at
a,
andzonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s.Ther
espect
i
v
epr
i
nci
pl
epr
oduct
sar
e:mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
cods,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds,
andsexst
er
oi
ds.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.Theysecr
et
et
hecat
echol
ami
nes
(
epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
ne)
.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:Amnemoni
ct
or
emembert
hel
ay
er
soft
headr
enalcor
t
ex
andt
hei
rr
espect
i
v
epr
oduct
si
s"
GoFi
ndRex;
MakeGoodSex"(
gl
omer
ul
osa,
f
asci
cul
at
a,
r
et
i
cul
ar
i
s)(
mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
d,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
d,
sexst
er
oi
ds)
.
10.
Whatcel
loft
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
andi
sal
socal
l
eda"
chi
efcel
l
"
?
a.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
b.Oxy
phi
lcel
l
c.Par
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
d.Fol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
e.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
Answer
:a
Ther
ear
et
wocel
lt
y
pesi
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
and:pr
i
nci
palcel
l
sandoxy
phi
lcel
l
s.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
sar
eal
socal
l
edchi
efcel
l
s.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
sar
et
hemor
epr
ev
al
ent
.Oxy
phi
lcel
l
sar
eal
so
f
oundi
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
and;
howev
ert
heyar
enotaspr
ev
al
entaspr
i
nci
palcel
l
s.
Ther
ear
et
wocel
lt
y
pesi
nt
het
hy
r
oi
d:f
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
sandpar
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s.Fol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
r
el
easeandst
or
et
hy
r
oi
dhor
mone.Par
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
soft
het
hy
r
oi
dgl
andar
eal
socal
l
edC
cel
l
s.Theysecr
et
ecal
ci
t
oni
n.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.
Endocr
i
neSy
st
em Test5
1.
Whatt
y
peofhor
monei
soxy
t
oci
n?
a.Pr
ot
ei
n
b.Pept
i
de
c.St
er
oi
d
d.Cat
echol
ami
ne
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:b
Hor
monescanhav
eav
ar
i
et
yofst
r
uct
ur
es.Hor
moneswhi
char
epr
ot
ei
nsi
ncl
udei
nsul
i
nand
pr
ol
act
i
n.Pept
i
dechai
nsar
eshor
tchai
nsofami
noaci
ds.Exampl
esofhor
moneswhi
char
e
pept
i
dechai
nsar
eant
i
di
ur
et
i
chor
moneandoxy
t
oci
n.St
er
oi
dhor
monesar
echol
est
er
ol
der
i
v
at
i
v
es.St
er
oi
dhor
monesi
ncl
udet
est
ost
er
oneandest
r
adi
ol
.Nor
epi
nephr
i
neand
epi
nephr
i
near
ecat
echol
ami
nes.
2.
Wher
ei
sant
i
di
ur
et
i
chor
mone(
ADH)secr
et
edf
r
om?
a.Par
si
nt
er
medi
a
b.Par
st
uber
al
i
s
c.I
nf
undi
bul
um
d.Adenohy
pophy
si
s
e.Neur
ohy
pophy
si
s
Answer
:e
Thepi
t
ui
t
ar
yi
sni
cknamedt
hemast
ergl
and.Thei
nf
undi
bul
um connect
st
hepi
t
ui
t
ar
yt
ot
he
hy
pot
hal
amus.Thepi
t
ui
t
ar
ycanbesubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
headenohy
pophy
si
sand
neur
ohy
pophy
si
s.Theadenohy
pophy
si
scanbef
ur
t
hersubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s,
par
s
i
nt
er
medi
a,
andpar
st
uber
al
i
s.Theadenohy
pophy
si
s(
mor
especi
f
i
cal
l
y
,
t
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
sof
t
headenohy
pophy
si
s)secr
et
est
r
opi
chor
mones.Tr
opi
chor
monesaf
f
ectcel
l
ul
aract
i
v
i
t
yi
n
t
hei
rt
ar
getor
gan.Theneur
ohy
pophy
si
ssecr
et
est
wohor
mones:oxy
t
oci
nandant
i
di
ur
et
i
c
hor
mone.
3.
Whatcel
lt
y
pesecr
et
esFSH?
a.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
b.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
c.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
d.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
e.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
Answer
:e
Ther
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pesi
nt
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s(
ant
er
i
orpi
t
ui
t
ar
y
)
.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
e
pr
ol
act
i
n.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
et
hy
r
oi
dst
i
mul
at
i
nghor
mone(
TSH)
.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
secr
et
egr
owt
hhor
mone.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
eadr
enocor
t
i
cot
r
opi
chor
mone(
ACTH)and
mel
anocy
t
est
i
mul
at
i
nghor
mone(
MSH)
.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
ef
ol
l
i
cl
est
i
mul
at
i
ng
hor
mone(
FSH)andl
ut
ei
ni
zi
nghor
mone(
LH)
.
4.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngcel
l
scanbecl
assi
f
i
edasabasophi
l
?
a.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
b.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
c.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
d.Noneoft
heabov
e
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:b
Thecel
l
soft
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s(
ant
er
i
orpi
t
ui
t
ar
y
)canbecl
assi
f
i
edasaci
dophi
l
sorbasophi
l
s
dependi
ngont
hei
raf
f
i
ni
t
yf
oraci
dorbasi
cdy
es,
r
espect
i
v
el
y
.
Theaci
dophi
l
sar
et
hesomat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
sandt
hel
act
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s.Thus,
gr
owt
hhor
moneand
pr
ol
act
i
nar
esecr
et
edbyaci
dophi
l
i
ccel
l
s.
Thebasophi
l
sar
et
hegonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s,
cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
sandt
hy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s.Thus,
t
he
basophi
l
ssecr
et
eFSH,
LH,
ACTH,
andTSH.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:
Ther
ear
et
womnemoni
cst
ousewhent
hi
nki
ngofaci
dophi
l
sandbasophi
l
soft
heant
er
i
or
pi
t
ui
t
ar
y
.
"
GPA"(
gr
owt
hhor
moneandpr
ol
act
i
nar
esecr
et
edbyt
heaci
dophi
l
s)
.
"
BFLAT"(
basophi
l
ssecr
et
eFSH,
LH,
ACTH,
andTSH)
.
5.
Whi
chgl
andsecr
et
esnor
epi
nephr
i
ne?
a.Pancr
eas
b.Thy
r
oi
d
c.Pi
nealgl
and
d.Adr
enalgl
and(
cor
t
ex)
e.Adr
enalgl
and(
medul
l
a)
Answer
:e
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eassecr
et
esi
nsul
i
n,
gl
ucagon,
andsomat
ost
at
i
n.The
t
hy
r
oi
dgl
andsecr
et
est
het
hy
r
oi
dhor
mones(
T3andT4)andcal
ci
t
oni
n.Thepi
nealgl
and
secr
et
esmel
at
oni
n.Thecor
t
exoft
headr
enal
gl
andsecr
et
esav
ar
i
et
yofcor
t
i
cost
er
oi
ds.I
t
secr
et
esmi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchasal
dost
er
one)
,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchascor
t
i
sol
)andsex
st
er
oi
ds.Epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
near
esecr
et
edf
r
om t
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
6.
Whati
scor
por
aar
enacea?
a.Br
ai
nsand
b.Basalbody
c.Ni
sslbody
d.Whi
t
ebody
e.Degener
at
i
ngcor
pusl
ut
eum
Answer
:a
Cor
por
aar
enaceai
sni
cknamed"
br
ai
nsand"
.Cor
por
aar
enaceai
s
cal
ci
f
i
cat
i
onseeni
nt
hepi
nealgl
and.
7.
Whatgl
andsecr
et
esal
dost
er
one?
a.Pancr
eas
b.Thy
r
oi
d
c.Pi
nealgl
and
d.Adr
enalgl
and(
cor
t
ex)
e.Adr
enalgl
and(
medul
l
a)
Answer
:d
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eassecr
et
esi
nsul
i
n,
gl
ucagon,
andsomat
ost
at
i
n.The
t
hy
r
oi
dgl
andsecr
et
est
het
hy
r
oi
dhor
mones(
T3andT4)andcal
ci
t
oni
n.Thepi
nealgl
and
secr
et
esmel
at
oni
n.Thecor
t
exoft
headr
enal
gl
andsecr
et
esav
ar
i
et
yofcor
t
i
cost
er
oi
ds.I
t
secr
et
esmi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchasal
dost
er
one)
,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchascor
t
i
sol
)andsex
st
er
oi
ds.Epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
near
esecr
et
edf
r
om t
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
8.
Whati
st
hemostcommoncel
li
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
and?
a.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
b.Oxy
phi
lcel
l
c.Par
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
d.Fol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
e.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
Answer
:a
Ther
ear
et
wocel
lt
y
pesi
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
and:pr
i
nci
palcel
l
sandoxy
phi
lcel
l
s.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
sar
eal
socal
l
edchi
efcel
l
s.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
sar
et
hemor
epr
ev
al
ent
.Oxy
phi
lcel
l
sar
eal
so
f
oundi
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
and;
howev
ert
heyar
enotaspr
ev
al
entaspr
i
nci
palcel
l
s.
Ther
ear
et
wocel
lt
y
pesi
nt
het
hy
r
oi
d:f
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
sandpar
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s.Fol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
r
el
easeandst
or
et
hy
r
oi
dhor
mone.Par
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
soft
het
hy
r
oi
dgl
andar
eal
socal
l
edC
cel
l
s.Theysecr
et
ecal
ci
t
oni
n.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.
9.
Wher
ear
ecat
echol
ami
nessecr
et
edf
r
om?
a.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
b.Zonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s
c.Zonagl
omer
ul
osa
d.Zonaf
asci
cul
at
a
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:a
Theadr
enalgl
andi
scomposedoft
headr
enal
cor
t
exandt
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
Thel
ay
er
soft
headr
enal
cor
t
ex,
f
r
om out
er
mostt
oi
nner
mostar
e:zonagl
omer
ul
osa,
zona
f
asci
cul
at
a,
andzonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s.Ther
espect
i
v
epr
i
nci
pl
epr
oduct
sar
e:mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
cods,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds,
andsexst
er
oi
ds.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.Theysecr
et
et
hecat
echol
ami
nes
(
epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
ne)
.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:Amnemoni
ct
or
emembert
hel
ay
er
soft
headr
enalcor
t
ex
andt
hei
rr
espect
i
v
epr
oduct
si
s"
GoFi
ndRex;
MakeGoodSex"(
gl
omer
ul
osa,
f
asci
cul
at
a,
r
et
i
cul
ar
i
s)(
mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
d,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
d,
sexst
er
oi
ds)
.
10.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
st
heout
erl
ay
eroft
headr
enalcor
t
ex?
a.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
b.Zonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s
c.Zonagl
omer
ul
osa
d.Zonaf
asci
cul
at
a
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:c
Theadr
enalgl
andi
scomposedoft
headr
enal
cor
t
exandt
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
Thel
ay
er
soft
headr
enal
cor
t
ex,
f
r
om out
er
mostt
oi
nner
mostar
e:zonagl
omer
ul
osa,
zona
f
asci
cul
at
a,
andzonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s.Ther
espect
i
v
epr
i
nci
pl
epr
oduct
sar
e:mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
cods,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds,
andsexst
er
oi
ds.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.Theysecr
et
et
hecat
echol
ami
nes
(
epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
ne)
.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:Amnemoni
ct
or
emembert
hel
ay
er
soft
headr
enalcor
t
ex
andt
hei
rr
espect
i
v
epr
oduct
si
s"
GoFi
ndRex;
MakeGoodSex"(
gl
omer
ul
osa,
f
asci
cul
at
a,
r
et
i
cul
ar
i
s)(
mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
d,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
d,
sexst
er
oi
ds)
.
Endocr
i
neSy
st
em Test6
1.
Whatt
y
peofhor
monei
sest
r
adi
ol
?
a.Pr
ot
ei
n
b.Ami
noaci
dchai
n
c.St
er
oi
d
d.Cat
echol
ami
ne
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:c
Hor
monescanhav
eav
ar
i
et
yofst
r
uct
ur
es.Hor
moneswhi
char
epr
ot
ei
nsi
ncl
udei
nsul
i
nand
pr
ol
act
i
n.Pept
i
dechai
nsar
eshor
tchai
nsofami
noaci
ds.Exampl
esofhor
moneswhi
char
e
pept
i
dechai
nsar
eant
i
di
ur
et
i
chor
moneandoxy
t
oci
n.St
er
oi
dhor
monesar
echol
est
er
ol
der
i
v
at
i
v
es.St
er
oi
dhor
monesi
ncl
udet
est
ost
er
oneandest
r
adi
ol
.Nor
epi
nephr
i
neand
epi
nephr
i
near
ecat
echol
ami
nes.
2.
Whati
sanot
hert
er
mf
ort
heant
er
i
orl
obeoft
hepi
t
ui
t
ar
y
?
a.Par
si
nt
er
medi
a
b.Par
st
uber
al
i
s
c.Par
sdi
st
al
i
s
d.Par
sner
v
osa
e.I
nf
undi
bul
arst
al
k
Answer
:c
Thepi
t
ui
t
ar
ycanbesubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
headenohy
pophy
si
sandneur
ohy
pophy
si
s.The
adenohy
pophy
si
scanbef
ur
t
hersubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s,
par
si
nt
er
medi
a,
andpar
s
t
uber
al
i
s.Thepar
sdi
st
al
i
si
st
heant
er
i
orl
obeoft
hepi
t
ui
t
ar
y
.Theneur
ohy
pophy
si
scanbe
f
ur
t
hersubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
hepar
sner
v
osa,
i
nf
undi
bul
arst
al
k,
andmedi
anemi
nence.Thepar
s
ner
v
osai
st
hepost
er
i
orl
obe.
3.
Whatcel
lt
y
pesecr
et
esgr
owt
hhor
mone?
a.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
b.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
c.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
d.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
e.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
Answer
:c
Ther
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pesi
nt
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s(
ant
er
i
orpi
t
ui
t
ar
y
)
.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
e
pr
ol
act
i
n.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
et
hy
r
oi
dst
i
mul
at
i
nghor
mone(
TSH)
.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
secr
et
egr
owt
hhor
mone.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
eadr
enocor
t
i
cot
r
opi
chor
mone(
ACTH)and
mel
anocy
t
est
i
mul
at
i
nghor
mone(
MSH)
.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
ef
ol
l
i
cl
est
i
mul
at
i
ng
hor
mone(
FSH)andl
ut
ei
ni
zi
nghor
mone(
LH)
.
4.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngcel
l
scanbecl
assi
f
i
edasabasophi
l
?
a.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
b.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
c.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
d.Noneoft
heabov
e
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:c
Thecel
l
soft
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s(
ant
er
i
orpi
t
ui
t
ar
y
)canbecl
assi
f
i
edasaci
dophi
l
sorbasophi
l
s
dependi
ngont
hei
raf
f
i
ni
t
yf
oraci
dorbasi
cdy
es,
r
espect
i
v
el
y
.
Theaci
dophi
l
sar
et
hesomat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
sandt
hel
act
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s.Thus,
gr
owt
hhor
moneand
pr
ol
act
i
nar
esecr
et
edbyaci
dophi
l
i
ccel
l
s.
Thebasophi
l
sar
et
hegonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s,
cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
sandt
hy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s.Thus,
t
he
basophi
l
ssecr
et
eFSH,
LH,
ACTH,
andTSH.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:
Ther
ear
et
womnemoni
cst
ousewhent
hi
nki
ngofaci
dophi
l
sandbasophi
l
soft
heant
er
i
or
pi
t
ui
t
ar
y
.
"
GPA"(
gr
owt
hhor
moneandpr
ol
act
i
nar
esecr
et
edbyt
heaci
dophi
l
s)
.
"
BFLAT"(
basophi
l
ssecr
et
eFSH,
LH,
ACTH,
andTSH)
.
5.
Wher
ei
st
heendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eashoused?
a.I
sl
et
sofLanger
hans
b.Al
phacel
l
s
c.Bet
acel
l
s
d.Del
t
acel
l
s
e.Aci
ni
Answer
:a
Thepancr
easi
sbot
hanendocr
i
neandexocr
i
neor
gan.
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
easi
shousedi
nt
hei
sl
et
sofLanger
hans.Wi
t
hi
nt
hei
sl
et
s,
t
her
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pes.Theal
phacel
l
ssecr
et
egl
ucagon.Thebet
acel
l
ssecr
et
ei
nsul
i
n.
Thedel
t
acel
l
ssecr
et
esomat
ost
at
i
n.Thegammacel
l
ssecr
et
epancr
eat
i
cpol
y
pept
i
de.
Theaci
nii
st
heexocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eas.
6.
Whi
chgl
andsecr
et
esgl
ucagon?
a.Pancr
eas
b.Thy
r
oi
d
c.Pi
nealgl
and
d.Adr
enalgl
and(
cor
t
ex)
e.Adr
enalgl
and(
medul
l
a)
Answer
:a
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eassecr
et
esi
nsul
i
n,
gl
ucagon,
andsomat
ost
at
i
n.The
t
hy
r
oi
dgl
andsecr
et
est
het
hy
r
oi
dhor
mones(
T3andT4)andcal
ci
t
oni
n.Thepi
nealgl
and
secr
et
esmel
at
oni
n.Thecor
t
exoft
headr
enal
gl
andsecr
et
esav
ar
i
et
yofcor
t
i
cost
er
oi
ds.I
t
secr
et
esmi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchasal
dost
er
one)
,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchascor
t
i
sol
)andsex
st
er
oi
ds.Epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
near
esecr
et
edf
r
om t
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
7.
Whi
chcel
lt
y
pesecr
et
escal
ci
t
oni
n?
a.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
b.Oxy
phi
lcel
l
c.Par
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
d.Fol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
e.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
Answer
:c
Ther
ear
et
wocel
lt
y
pesi
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
and:pr
i
nci
palcel
l
sandoxy
phi
lcel
l
s.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
sar
eal
socal
l
edchi
efcel
l
s.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
sar
et
hemor
epr
ev
al
ent
.Oxy
phi
lcel
l
sar
eal
so
f
oundi
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
and;
howev
ert
heyar
enotaspr
ev
al
entaspr
i
nci
palcel
l
s.
Ther
ear
et
wocel
lt
y
pesi
nt
het
hy
r
oi
d:f
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
sandpar
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s.Fol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
r
el
easeandst
or
et
hy
r
oi
dhor
mone.Par
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
soft
het
hy
r
oi
dgl
andar
eal
socal
l
edC
cel
l
s.Theysecr
et
ecal
ci
t
oni
n.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.
8.
Whi
chcel
lt
y
pei
sf
oundi
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
d,
buti
snott
hemostabundantcel
lt
y
pe?
a.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
b.Oxy
phi
lcel
l
c.Par
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
d.Fol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
e.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
Answer
:b
Ther
ear
et
wocel
lt
y
pesi
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
and:pr
i
nci
palcel
l
sandoxy
phi
lcel
l
s.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
sar
eal
socal
l
edchi
efcel
l
s.Pr
i
nci
pal
cel
l
sar
et
hemor
epr
ev
al
ent
.Oxy
phi
lcel
l
sar
eal
so
f
oundi
nt
hepar
at
hy
r
oi
dgl
and;
howev
ert
heyar
enotaspr
ev
al
entaspr
i
nci
palcel
l
s.
Ther
ear
et
wocel
lt
y
pesi
nt
het
hy
r
oi
d:f
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
sandpar
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s.Fol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
r
el
easeandst
or
et
hy
r
oi
dhor
mone.Par
af
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
soft
het
hy
r
oi
dgl
andar
eal
socal
l
edC
cel
l
s.Theysecr
et
ecal
ci
t
oni
n.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.
9.
Whi
chpar
tt
headr
enal
gl
andsecr
et
esmi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
ds?
a.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
b.Zonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s
c.Zonagl
omer
ul
osa
d.Zonaf
asci
cul
at
a
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:c
Theadr
enalgl
andi
scomposedoft
headr
enal
cor
t
exandt
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
Thel
ay
er
soft
headr
enal
cor
t
ex,
f
r
om out
er
mostt
oi
nner
mostar
e:zonagl
omer
ul
osa,
zona
f
asci
cul
at
a,
andzonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s.Ther
espect
i
v
epr
i
nci
pl
epr
oduct
sar
e:mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
cods,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds,
andsexst
er
oi
ds.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.Theysecr
et
et
hecat
echol
ami
nes
(
epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
ne)
.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:Amnemoni
ct
or
emembert
hel
ay
er
soft
headr
enalcor
t
ex
andt
hei
rr
espect
i
v
epr
oduct
si
s"
GoFi
ndRex;
MakeGoodSex"(
gl
omer
ul
osa,
f
asci
cul
at
a,
r
et
i
cul
ar
i
s)(
mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
d,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
d,
sexst
er
oi
ds)
.
10.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
st
hei
nnerl
ay
eroft
headr
enalcor
t
ex?
a.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
b.Zonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s
c.Zonagl
omer
ul
osa
d.Zonaf
asci
cul
at
a
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:b
Theadr
enalgl
andi
scomposedoft
headr
enal
cor
t
exandt
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
Thel
ay
er
soft
headr
enal
cor
t
ex,
f
r
om out
er
mostt
oi
nner
mostar
e:zonagl
omer
ul
osa,
zona
f
asci
cul
at
a,
andzonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s.Ther
espect
i
v
epr
i
nci
pl
epr
oduct
sar
e:mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
cods,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds,
andsexst
er
oi
ds.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.Theysecr
et
et
hecat
echol
ami
nes
(
epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
ne)
.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:Amnemoni
ct
or
emembert
hel
ay
er
soft
headr
enalcor
t
ex
andt
hei
rr
espect
i
v
epr
oduct
si
s"
GoFi
ndRex;
MakeGoodSex"(
gl
omer
ul
osa,
f
asci
cul
at
a,
r
et
i
cul
ar
i
s)(
mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
d,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
d,
sexst
er
oi
ds)
.
Endocr
i
neSy
st
em Test7
1.
Whatt
y
peofhor
monei
sepi
nephr
i
ne?
a.Pr
ot
ei
n
b.Ami
noaci
dchai
n
c.St
er
oi
d
d.Cat
echol
ami
ne
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:d
Hor
monescanhav
eav
ar
i
et
yofst
r
uct
ur
es.Hor
moneswhi
char
epr
ot
ei
nsi
ncl
udei
nsul
i
nand
pr
ol
act
i
n.Pept
i
dechai
nsar
eshor
tchai
nsofami
noaci
ds.Exampl
esofhor
moneswhi
char
e
pept
i
dechai
nsar
eant
i
di
ur
et
i
chor
moneandoxy
t
oci
n.St
er
oi
dhor
monesar
echol
est
er
ol
der
i
v
at
i
v
es.St
er
oi
dhor
monesi
ncl
udet
est
ost
er
oneandest
r
adi
ol
.Nor
epi
nephr
i
neand
epi
nephr
i
near
ecat
echol
ami
nes.
2.
Whati
sanot
hert
er
mf
ort
hepost
er
i
orl
obeoft
hepi
t
ui
t
ar
y
?
a.Par
si
nt
er
medi
a
b.Par
st
uber
al
i
s
c.Par
sdi
st
al
i
s
d.Par
sner
v
osa
e.I
nf
undi
bul
arst
al
k
Answer
:d
Thepi
t
ui
t
ar
ycanbesubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
headenohy
pophy
si
sandneur
ohy
pophy
si
s.The
adenohy
pophy
si
scanbef
ur
t
hersubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s,
par
si
nt
er
medi
a,
andpar
s
t
uber
al
i
s.Thepar
sdi
st
al
i
si
st
heant
er
i
orl
obeoft
hepi
t
ui
t
ar
y
.Theneur
ohy
pophy
si
scanbe
f
ur
t
hersubdi
v
i
dedi
nt
ot
hepar
sner
v
osa,
i
nf
undi
bul
arst
al
k,
andmedi
anemi
nence.Thepar
s
ner
v
osai
st
hepost
er
i
orl
obe.
3.
Whatcel
lt
y
pesecr
et
esTSH?
a.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
b.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
c.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
d.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
e.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
Answer
:b
Ther
ear
esev
er
al
cel
lt
y
pesi
nt
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s(
ant
er
i
orpi
t
ui
t
ar
y
)
.Lact
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
e
pr
ol
act
i
n.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
et
hy
r
oi
dst
i
mul
at
i
nghor
mone(
TSH)
.Somat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
secr
et
egr
owt
hhor
mone.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
eadr
enocor
t
i
cot
r
opi
chor
mone(
ACTH)and
mel
anocy
t
est
i
mul
at
i
nghor
mone(
MSH)
.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
ssecr
et
ef
ol
l
i
cl
est
i
mul
at
i
ng
hor
mone(
FSH)andl
ut
ei
ni
zi
nghor
mone(
LH)
.
4.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngcel
l
scanbecl
assi
f
i
edasabasophi
l
?
a.Cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
b.Thy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
c.Gonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s
d.Noneoft
heabov
e
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:e
Thecel
l
soft
hepar
sdi
st
al
i
s(
ant
er
i
orpi
t
ui
t
ar
y
)canbecl
assi
f
i
edasaci
dophi
l
sorbasophi
l
s
dependi
ngont
hei
raf
f
i
ni
t
yf
oraci
dorbasi
cdy
es,
r
espect
i
v
el
y
.
Theaci
dophi
l
sar
et
hesomat
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
sandt
hel
act
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s.Thus,
gr
owt
hhor
moneand
pr
ol
act
i
nar
esecr
et
edbyaci
dophi
l
i
ccel
l
s.
Thebasophi
l
sar
et
hegonadot
r
opi
ccel
l
s,
cor
t
i
cot
r
opi
ccel
l
sandt
hy
r
ot
r
opi
ccel
l
s.Thus,
t
he
basophi
l
ssecr
et
eFSH,
LH,
ACTH,
andTSH.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:
Ther
ear
et
womnemoni
cst
ousewhent
hi
nki
ngofaci
dophi
l
sandbasophi
l
soft
heant
er
i
or
pi
t
ui
t
ar
y
.
"
GPA"(
gr
owt
hhor
moneandpr
ol
act
i
nar
esecr
et
edbyt
heaci
dophi
l
s)
.
"
BFLAT"(
basophi
l
ssecr
et
eFSH,
LH,
ACTH,
andTSH)
.
5.
Whi
chgl
andsecr
et
esi
nsul
i
n?
a.Pancr
eas
b.Thy
r
oi
d
c.Pi
nealgl
and
d.Adr
enalgl
and(
cor
t
ex)
e.Adr
enalgl
and(
medul
l
a)
Answer
:a
Theendocr
i
nepor
t
i
onoft
hepancr
eassecr
et
esi
nsul
i
n,
gl
ucagon,
andsomat
ost
at
i
n.The
t
hy
r
oi
dgl
andsecr
et
est
het
hy
r
oi
dhor
mones(
T3andT4)andcal
ci
t
oni
n.Thepi
nealgl
and
secr
et
esmel
at
oni
n.Thecor
t
exoft
headr
enal
gl
andsecr
et
esav
ar
i
et
yofcor
t
i
cost
er
oi
ds.I
t
secr
et
esmi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchasal
dost
er
one)
,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds(
suchascor
t
i
sol
)andsex
st
er
oi
ds.Epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
near
esecr
et
edf
r
om t
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
6.
Whi
chpar
tt
headr
enal
gl
andsecr
et
essexst
er
oi
ds?
a.Chr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s
b.Zonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s
c.Zonagl
omer
ul
osa
d.Zonaf
asci
cul
at
a
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:b
Theadr
enalgl
andi
scomposedoft
headr
enal
cor
t
exandt
headr
enalmedul
l
a.
Thel
ay
er
soft
headr
enal
cor
t
ex,
f
r
om out
er
mostt
oi
nner
mostar
e:zonagl
omer
ul
osa,
zona
f
asci
cul
at
a,
andzonar
et
i
cul
ar
i
s.Ther
espect
i
v
epr
i
nci
pl
epr
oduct
sar
e:mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
cods,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds,
andsexst
er
oi
ds.
Thecel
l
soft
headr
enal
medul
l
aar
echr
omaf
f
i
ncel
l
s.Theysecr
et
et
hecat
echol
ami
nes
(
epi
nephr
i
neandnor
epi
nephr
i
ne)
.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:Amnemoni
ct
or
emembert
hel
ay
er
soft
headr
enalcor
t
ex
andt
hei
rr
espect
i
v
epr
oduct
si
s"
GoFi
ndRex;
MakeGoodSex"(
gl
omer
ul
osa,
f
asci
cul
at
a,
r
et
i
cul
ar
i
s)(
mi
ner
al
ocor
t
i
coi
d,
gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
d,
sexst
er
oi
ds)
.
7.
Whati
st
hecl
assi
f
i
cat
i
onoft
hepancr
eas?
a.Mi
xed
b.Endocr
i
ne
c.Exocr
i
ne
d.Bot
hendocr
i
neandexocr
i
ne
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:d
Thepancr
easi
sbot
hanendocr
i
neandexocr
i
neor
gan.
8.
Wher
ei
nt
hepancr
easar
ei
sl
et
sofLanger
hansmostnumer
ous?
a.Head
b.Body
c.Tai
l
d.Ev
enl
ydi
st
r
i
but
ed
e.Dependsont
hei
ndi
v
i
dual
Answer
:c
I
sl
et
sofLanger
hansar
emostnumer
ousi
nt
het
ai
l
oft
hepancr
eas.
Femal
eRepr
oduct
i
v
eSy
st
em Hi
st
ol
ogy
Femal
eRepr
oduct
i
v
eSy
st
em Test1
1.
Whatar
edev
el
opi
nggamet
escal
l
ed?
a.Oogenesi
s
b.Ov
ar
y
c.Ov
ul
at
i
on
d.Oocy
t
e
e.Ov
a
Answer
:d
Thet
er
mf
ort
hepr
oduct
i
onofgamet
esi
scal
l
edgamet
ogenesi
s.Gamet
ogenesi
si
nt
he
f
emal
ei
sr
ef
er
r
edt
oasoogenesi
s.Theov
ar
yi
st
heor
ganwher
egamet
ogenesi
s(
oogenesi
s)
occur
s.Ov
ul
at
i
oni
st
her
el
easeofanoocy
t
eandoccur
sev
er
y2830day
s.Thedev
el
opi
ng
gamet
esar
ecal
l
edoocy
t
es.Themat
ur
egamet
ei
sanov
a.
2.
Whati
st
hei
nnerpar
toft
heov
ar
y
?
a.Fol
l
i
cl
e
b.Ger
mi
nalepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Medul
l
a
d.Tuni
caal
bugi
nea
e.Cor
t
ex
Answer
:c
Theov
ar
yi
scov
er
edwi
t
hger
mi
nal
epi
t
hel
i
um.Under
neat
ht
heger
mi
nalepi
t
hel
i
um i
s
connect
i
v
et
i
ssuecal
l
edt
het
uni
caal
bugi
nea.Theout
err
egi
onoft
heov
ar
yi
scal
l
edt
hecor
t
ex.
Thei
nnerr
egi
onoft
heov
ar
yi
scal
l
edt
hemedul
l
a.Theov
ar
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
econt
ai
nst
heoocy
t
e.
Not
ef
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:
Theout
err
egi
onofsomeot
heror
gansi
sal
sosomet
i
mescal
l
eda
cor
t
ex.Thei
nner
/
mi
ddl
er
egi
onofsomeot
heror
gansi
sal
sosomet
i
mescal
l
edamedul
l
a.
3.
Whi
chst
ageoft
hef
ol
l
i
cl
ei
sar
r
est
edi
npr
ophase?
a.Pr
i
mor
di
alf
ol
l
i
cl
e
b.Pr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e
c.Secondar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e
d.Mat
ur
ef
ol
l
i
cl
e
e.Gr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e
Answer
:a
Apr
i
mor
di
alf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
sapr
i
mar
yoocy
t
ei
nt
heout
err
egi
onoft
hecor
t
ex.I
ti
s
ar
r
est
edi
nt
hef
i
r
stmei
ot
i
cpr
ophase.I
ti
ssur
r
oundedbyf
l
at
t
enedf
ol
l
i
cul
ar
epi
t
hel
i
alcel
l
s.
Thepr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
smar
kedbyt
hesur
r
oundi
ngoff
l
at
t
ened(
squamous)f
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
becomi
ngcuboi
dalandt
heoocy
t
ebecomesbi
gger
.
Thepr
esenceoft
heant
r
um i
sachar
act
er
i
st
i
cofasecondar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e.Af
ol
l
i
cl
eatt
hi
sst
agei
s
al
socal
l
edan"
ant
r
al
f
ol
l
i
cl
e"
.
Themat
ur
ef
ol
l
i
cl
ei
sal
socal
l
edt
heGr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e.
4.
Whati
st
hecav
i
t
ywi
t
hi
nasecondar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e?
a.Gr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e
b.Thecaf
ol
l
i
cul
i
c.Gr
anul
osacel
l
s
d.Zonapel
l
uci
da
e.Ant
r
um
Answer
:e
Thef
ol
l
i
cl
ewhi
chi
sov
ul
at
edi
st
heGr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e.Theconnect
i
v
et
i
ssuel
ay
erar
oundt
he
pr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
st
het
hecaf
ol
l
i
cul
i
.Thef
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
sar
egr
anul
osacel
l
s.Theaci
dophi
l
i
c
gl
y
copr
ot
ei
ncoatsur
r
oundi
ngt
heoocy
t
ei
st
hezonapel
l
uci
da.Acav
i
t
ywi
t
hi
nt
hef
ol
l
i
cl
ei
s
t
heant
r
um.
5.
Dur
i
ngt
hef
i
r
stweekt
o10day
s,
whati
st
hemai
nhor
monewhi
chst
i
mul
at
est
hegr
owt
hoft
he
f
ol
l
i
cl
es?
a.FSH
b.LH
c.HCG
d.Est
r
ogen
e.Pr
ogest
er
one
Answer
:a
Dur
i
ngt
hef
i
r
stweekt
o10day
s,
FSHi
st
hemai
nhor
monewhi
chst
i
mul
at
est
hegr
owt
hoft
he
f
ol
l
i
cl
es.Ov
ul
at
i
oni
st
r
i
gger
edbyadr
amat
i
ci
ncr
easei
nLH.Dur
i
ngapr
egnancy
,
HCGi
st
he
hor
monewhi
chmai
nt
ai
nst
hecor
pusl
ut
eum.
6.
Whati
st
hef
emal
eor
gancal
l
edwher
egamet
ogenesi
soccur
s?
a.Oogenesi
s
b.Ov
ar
y
c.Ov
ul
at
i
on
d.Oocy
t
e
e.Ov
a
Answer
:b
Thet
er
mf
ort
hepr
oduct
i
onofgamet
esi
scal
l
edgamet
ogenesi
s.Gamet
ogenesi
si
nt
he
f
emal
ei
sr
ef
er
r
edt
oasoogenesi
s.Theov
ar
yi
st
heor
ganwher
egamet
ogenesi
s(
oogenesi
s)
occur
s.Ov
ul
at
i
oni
st
her
el
easeofanoocy
t
eandoccur
sev
er
y2830day
s.Thedev
el
opi
ng
gamet
esar
ecal
l
edoocy
t
es.Themat
ur
egamet
ei
sanov
a.
7.
Whi
chst
ageoft
hef
ol
l
i
cl
ei
smar
kedbyt
hesur
r
oundi
ngoff
l
at
t
ened(
squamous)f
ol
l
i
cul
ar
cel
l
sbecomi
ngcuboi
dal
?
a.Pr
i
mor
di
alf
ol
l
i
cl
e
b.Pr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e
c.Secondar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e
d.Mat
ur
ef
ol
l
i
cl
e
e.Gr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e
Answer
:b
Apr
i
mor
di
alf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
sapr
i
mar
yoocy
t
ei
nt
heout
err
egi
onoft
hecor
t
ex.I
ti
s
ar
r
est
edi
nt
hef
i
r
stmei
ot
i
cpr
ophase.I
ti
ssur
r
oundedbyf
l
at
t
enedf
ol
l
i
cul
ar
epi
t
hel
i
alcel
l
s.
Thepr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
smar
kedbyt
hesur
r
oundi
ngoff
l
at
t
ened(
squamous)f
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
becomi
ngcuboi
dalandt
heoocy
t
ebecomesbi
gger
.
Thepr
esenceoft
heant
r
um i
sachar
act
er
i
st
i
cofasecondar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e.Af
ol
l
i
cl
eatt
hi
sst
agei
s
al
socal
l
edan"
ant
r
al
f
ol
l
i
cl
e"
.
Themat
ur
ef
ol
l
i
cl
ei
sal
socal
l
edt
heGr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e.
8.
Whati
sov
ul
at
ed?
a.Gr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e
b.Thecaf
ol
l
i
cul
i
c.Gr
anul
osacel
l
s
d.Zonapel
l
uci
da
e.Ant
r
um
Answer
:a
Thef
ol
l
i
cl
ewhi
chi
sov
ul
at
edi
st
heGr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e.Theconnect
i
v
et
i
ssuel
ay
erar
oundt
he
pr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
st
het
hecaf
ol
l
i
cul
i
.Thef
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
sar
egr
anul
osacel
l
s.Theaci
dophi
l
i
c
gl
y
copr
ot
ei
ncoatsur
r
oundi
ngt
heoocy
t
ei
st
hezonapel
l
uci
da.Acav
i
t
ywi
t
hi
nt
hef
ol
l
i
cl
ei
s
t
heant
r
um.
9.
Whati
st
heout
erpar
toft
heov
ar
y
?
a.Fol
l
i
cl
e
b.Ger
mi
nalepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Medul
l
a
d.Tuni
caal
bugi
nea
e.Cor
t
ex
Answer
:e
Theov
ar
yi
scov
er
edwi
t
hger
mi
nal
epi
t
hel
i
um.Under
neat
ht
heger
mi
nalepi
t
hel
i
um i
s
connect
i
v
et
i
ssuecal
l
edt
het
uni
caal
bugi
nea.Theout
err
egi
onoft
heov
ar
yi
scal
l
edt
hecor
t
ex.
Thei
nnerr
egi
onoft
heov
ar
yi
scal
l
edt
hemedul
l
a.Theov
ar
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
econt
ai
nst
heoocy
t
e.
Not
ef
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:
Theout
err
egi
onofsomeot
heror
gansi
sal
sosomet
i
mescal
l
eda
cor
t
ex.Thei
nner
/
mi
ddl
er
egi
onofsomeot
heror
gansi
sal
sosomet
i
mescal
l
edamedul
l
a.
10.
Dur
i
ngapr
egnancy
,
whi
chhor
monewhi
chmai
nt
ai
nst
hecor
pusl
ut
eum?
a.FSH
b.LH
c.HCG
d.Est
r
ogen
e.Pr
ogest
er
one
Answer
:c
Dur
i
ngt
hef
i
r
stweekt
o10day
s,
FSHi
st
hemai
nhor
monewhi
chst
i
mul
at
est
hegr
owt
hoft
he
f
ol
l
i
cl
es.Ov
ul
at
i
oni
st
r
i
gger
edbyadr
amat
i
ci
ncr
easei
nLH.Dur
i
ngapr
egnancy
,
HCGi
st
he
hor
monewhi
chmai
nt
ai
nst
hecor
pusl
ut
eum
11.
Whi
chst
r
uct
ur
econt
ai
nst
heoocy
t
e?
a.Fol
l
i
cl
e
b.Ger
mi
nalepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Medul
l
a
d.Tuni
caal
bugi
nea
e.Cor
t
ex
Answer
:a
Theov
ar
yi
scov
er
edwi
t
hger
mi
nal
epi
t
hel
i
um.Under
neat
ht
heger
mi
nalepi
t
hel
i
um i
s
connect
i
v
et
i
ssuecal
l
edt
het
uni
caal
bugi
nea.Theout
err
egi
onoft
heov
ar
yi
scal
l
edt
hecor
t
ex.
Thei
nnerr
egi
onoft
heov
ar
yi
scal
l
edt
hemedul
l
a.Theov
ar
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
econt
ai
nst
heoocy
t
e.
Not
ef
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:
Theout
err
egi
onofsomeot
heror
gansi
sal
sosomet
i
mescal
l
eda
cor
t
ex.Thei
nner
/
mi
ddl
er
egi
onofsomeot
heror
gansi
sal
sosomet
i
mescal
l
edamedul
l
a.
12.
Whi
chf
ol
l
i
cul
arst
agei
sal
socal
l
edanant
r
al
f
ol
l
i
cl
e?
a.Pr
i
mor
di
alf
ol
l
i
cl
e
b.Pr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e
c.Secondar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e
d.Mat
ur
ef
ol
l
i
cl
e
e.Gr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e
Answer
:c
Apr
i
mor
di
alf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
sapr
i
mar
yoocy
t
ei
nt
heout
err
egi
onoft
hecor
t
ex.I
ti
s
ar
r
est
edi
nt
hef
i
r
stmei
ot
i
cpr
ophase.I
ti
ssur
r
oundedbyf
l
at
t
enedf
ol
l
i
cul
ar
epi
t
hel
i
alcel
l
s.
Thepr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
smar
kedbyt
hesur
r
oundi
ngoff
l
at
t
ened(
squamous)f
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
becomi
ngcuboi
dalandt
heoocy
t
ebecomesbi
gger
.
Thepr
esenceoft
heant
r
um i
sachar
act
er
i
st
i
cofasecondar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e.Af
ol
l
i
cl
eatt
hi
sst
agei
s
al
socal
l
edan"
ant
r
al
f
ol
l
i
cl
e"
.
Themat
ur
ef
ol
l
i
cl
ei
sal
socal
l
edt
heGr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e.
Femal
eRepr
oduct
i
v
eSy
st
em Test2
1.
Theappear
anceoft
heant
r
um i
sachar
act
er
i
st
i
cofwhi
chst
ageoff
ol
l
i
cul
ardev
el
opment
?
a.Pr
i
mor
di
alf
ol
l
i
cl
e
b.Pr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e
c.Secondar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e
d.Mat
ur
ef
ol
l
i
cl
e
e.Gr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e
Answer
:c
Apr
i
mor
di
alf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
sapr
i
mar
yoocy
t
ei
nt
heout
err
egi
onoft
hecor
t
ex.I
ti
sar
r
est
edi
nt
he
f
i
r
stmei
ot
i
cpr
ophase.I
ti
ssur
r
oundedbyf
l
at
t
enedf
ol
l
i
cul
arepi
t
hel
i
alcel
l
s.
Thepr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
smar
kedbyt
hesur
r
oundi
ngoff
l
at
t
ened(
squamous)f
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
becomi
ngcuboi
dalandt
heoocy
t
ebecomesbi
gger
.
Thepr
esenceoft
heant
r
um i
sachar
act
er
i
st
i
cofasecondar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e.Af
ol
l
i
cl
eatt
hi
sst
agei
s
al
socal
l
edan"
ant
r
al
f
ol
l
i
cl
e"
.
Themat
ur
ef
ol
l
i
cl
ei
sal
socal
l
edt
heGr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e.
2.
Whati
st
heaci
dophi
l
i
cgl
y
copr
ot
ei
ncoatwhi
chsur
r
oundst
heoocy
t
e?
a.Gr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e
b.Thecaf
ol
l
i
cul
i
c.Gr
anul
osacel
l
s
d.Zonapel
l
uci
da
e.Ant
r
um
Answer
:d
Thef
ol
l
i
cl
ewhi
chi
sov
ul
at
edi
st
heGr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e.Theconnect
i
v
et
i
ssuel
ay
erar
oundt
he
pr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
st
het
hecaf
ol
l
i
cul
i
.Thef
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
sar
egr
anul
osacel
l
s.Theaci
dophi
l
i
c
gl
y
copr
ot
ei
ncoatsur
r
oundi
ngt
heoocy
t
ei
st
hezonapel
l
uci
da.Acav
i
t
ywi
t
hi
nt
hef
ol
l
i
cl
ei
s
t
heant
r
um.
3.
Whatt
i
ssuesur
r
oundst
heov
ar
y
?
a.Fol
l
i
cl
e
b.Ger
mi
nalepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Medul
l
a
d.Tuni
caal
bugi
nea
e.Cor
t
ex
Answer
:b
Theov
ar
yi
scov
er
edwi
t
hger
mi
nal
epi
t
hel
i
um.Under
neat
ht
heger
mi
nalepi
t
hel
i
um i
s
connect
i
v
et
i
ssuecal
l
edt
het
uni
caal
bugi
nea.Theout
err
egi
onoft
heov
ar
yi
scal
l
edt
hecor
t
ex.
Thei
nnerr
egi
onoft
heov
ar
yi
scal
l
edt
hemedul
l
a.Theov
ar
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
econt
ai
nst
heoocy
t
e.
Not
ef
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:
Theout
err
egi
onofsomeot
heror
gansi
sal
sosomet
i
mescal
l
eda
cor
t
ex.Thei
nner
/
mi
ddl
er
egi
onofsomeot
heror
gansi
sal
sosomet
i
mescal
l
edamedul
l
a.
4.
Whati
samat
ur
egamet
ecal
l
ed?
a.Oogenesi
s
b.Ov
ar
y
c.Ov
ul
at
i
on
d.Oocy
t
e
e.Ov
a
Answer
:e
Thet
er
mf
ort
hepr
oduct
i
onofgamet
esi
scal
l
edgamet
ogenesi
s.Gamet
ogenesi
si
nt
he
f
emal
ei
sr
ef
er
r
edt
oasoogenesi
s.Theov
ar
yi
st
heor
ganwher
egamet
ogenesi
s(
oogenesi
s)
occur
s.Ov
ul
at
i
oni
st
her
el
easeofanoocy
t
eandoccur
sev
er
y2830day
s.Thedev
el
opi
ng
gamet
esar
ecal
l
edoocy
t
es.Themat
ur
egamet
ei
sanov
a.
5.
Whi
chst
ageoft
hef
ol
l
i
cl
ei
schar
act
er
i
zedbyasur
r
oundi
ngoff
l
at
t
ened(
squamous)f
ol
l
i
cul
ar
cel
l
s?
a.Pr
i
mor
di
alf
ol
l
i
cl
e
b.Pr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e
c.Secondar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e
d.Mat
ur
ef
ol
l
i
cl
e
e.Gr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e
Answer
:a
Apr
i
mor
di
alf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
sapr
i
mar
yoocy
t
ei
nt
heout
err
egi
onoft
hecor
t
ex.I
ti
sar
r
est
edi
nt
he
f
i
r
stmei
ot
i
cpr
ophase.I
ti
ssur
r
oundedbyf
l
at
t
enedf
ol
l
i
cul
arepi
t
hel
i
alcel
l
s.
Thepr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
smar
kedbyt
hesur
r
oundi
ngoff
l
at
t
ened(
squamous)f
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
becomi
ngcuboi
dalandt
heoocy
t
ebecomesbi
gger
.
Thepr
esenceoft
heant
r
um i
sachar
act
er
i
st
i
cofasecondar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e.Af
ol
l
i
cl
eatt
hi
sst
agei
s
al
socal
l
edan"
ant
r
al
f
ol
l
i
cl
e"
.
Themat
ur
ef
ol
l
i
cl
ei
sal
socal
l
edt
heGr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e.
6.
Whati
sanot
hert
er
mf
ort
hemat
ur
ef
ol
l
i
cl
e?
a.Pr
i
mor
di
alf
ol
l
i
cl
e
b.Pr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e
c.Secondar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e
d.Ant
r
alf
ol
l
i
cl
e
e.Gr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e
Answer
:e
Apr
i
mor
di
alf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
sapr
i
mar
yoocy
t
ei
nt
heout
err
egi
onoft
hecor
t
ex.I
ti
sar
r
est
edi
nt
he
f
i
r
stmei
ot
i
cpr
ophase.I
ti
ssur
r
oundedbyf
l
at
t
enedf
ol
l
i
cul
arepi
t
hel
i
alcel
l
s.
Thepr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
smar
kedbyt
hesur
r
oundi
ngoff
l
at
t
ened(
squamous)f
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s
becomi
ngcuboi
dalandt
heoocy
t
ebecomesbi
gger
.
Thepr
esenceoft
heant
r
um i
sachar
act
er
i
st
i
cofasecondar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e.Af
ol
l
i
cl
eatt
hi
sst
agei
s
al
socal
l
edan"
ant
r
al
f
ol
l
i
cl
e"
.
Themat
ur
ef
ol
l
i
cl
ei
sal
socal
l
edt
heGr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e.
7.
Whatoccur
scy
cl
i
cal
l
yi
naf
emal
e?
a.Oogenesi
s
b.Ov
ar
y
c.Ov
ul
at
i
on
d.Oocy
t
e
e.Ov
a
Answer
:c
Thet
er
mf
ort
hepr
oduct
i
onofgamet
esi
scal
l
edgamet
ogenesi
s.Gamet
ogenesi
si
nt
he
f
emal
ei
sr
ef
er
r
edt
oasoogenesi
s.Theov
ar
yi
st
heor
ganwher
egamet
ogenesi
s(
oogenesi
s)
occur
s.Ov
ul
at
i
oni
st
her
el
easeofanoocy
t
eandoccur
sev
er
y2830day
s.Thedev
el
opi
ng
gamet
esar
ecal
l
edoocy
t
es.Themat
ur
egamet
ei
sanov
a.
8.
Whati
st
heconnect
i
v
et
i
ssuel
ay
erar
oundt
hepr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
e?
a.Gr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e
b.Thecaf
ol
l
i
cul
i
c.Gr
anul
osacel
l
s
d.Zonapel
l
uci
da
e.Ant
r
um
Answer
:b
Thef
ol
l
i
cl
ewhi
chi
sov
ul
at
edi
st
heGr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e.Theconnect
i
v
et
i
ssuel
ay
erar
oundt
he
pr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
st
het
hecaf
ol
l
i
cul
i
.Thef
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
sar
egr
anul
osacel
l
s.Theaci
dophi
l
i
c
gl
y
copr
ot
ei
ncoatsur
r
oundi
ngt
heoocy
t
ei
st
hezonapel
l
uci
da.Acav
i
t
ywi
t
hi
nt
hef
ol
l
i
cl
ei
s
t
heant
r
um.
9.
Ov
ul
at
i
oni
st
r
i
gger
edbyadr
amat
i
ci
ncr
easei
nwhi
chhor
mone?
a.FSH
b.LH
c.HCG
d.Est
r
ogen
e.Pr
ogest
er
one
Answer
:b
Dur
i
ngt
hef
i
r
stweekt
o10day
s,
FSHi
st
hemai
nhor
monewhi
chst
i
mul
at
est
hegr
owt
hoft
he
f
ol
l
i
cl
es.Ov
ul
at
i
oni
st
r
i
gger
edbyadr
amat
i
ci
ncr
easei
nLH.Dur
i
ngapr
egnancy
,
HCGi
st
he
hor
monewhi
chmai
nt
ai
nst
hecor
pusl
ut
eum.
10.
Whati
st
heconnect
i
v
et
i
ssuewhi
chsur
r
oundst
heov
ar
y
?
a.Fol
l
i
cl
e
b.Ger
mi
nalepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Medul
l
a
d.Tuni
caal
bugi
nea
e.Cor
t
ex
Answer
:d
Theov
ar
yi
scov
er
edwi
t
hger
mi
nal
epi
t
hel
i
um.Under
neat
ht
heger
mi
nalepi
t
hel
i
um i
s
connect
i
v
et
i
ssuecal
l
edt
het
uni
caal
bugi
nea.Theout
err
egi
onoft
heov
ar
yi
scal
l
edt
hecor
t
ex.
Thei
nnerr
egi
onoft
heov
ar
yi
scal
l
edt
hemedul
l
a.Theov
ar
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
econt
ai
nst
heoocy
t
e.
Not
ef
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:
Theout
err
egi
onofsomeot
heror
gansi
sal
sosomet
i
mescal
l
eda
cor
t
ex.Thei
nner
/
mi
ddl
er
egi
onofsomeot
heror
gansi
sal
sosomet
i
mescal
l
edamedul
l
a.
11.
I
nt
hef
emal
e,
whati
st
hecor
r
ectt
er
mf
ort
hepr
oduct
i
onofgamet
escal
l
ed?
a.Oogenesi
s
b.Ov
ar
y
c.Ov
ul
at
i
on
d.Oocy
t
e
e.Ov
a
Answer
:a
Thet
er
mf
ort
hepr
oduct
i
onofgamet
esi
scal
l
edgamet
ogenesi
s.Gamet
ogenesi
si
nt
he
f
emal
ei
sr
ef
er
r
edt
oasoogenesi
s.Theov
ar
yi
st
heor
ganwher
egamet
ogenesi
s(
oogenesi
s)
occur
s.Ov
ul
at
i
oni
st
her
el
easeofanoocy
t
eandoccur
sev
er
y2830day
s.Thedev
el
opi
ng
gamet
esar
ecal
l
edoocy
t
es.Themat
ur
egamet
ei
sanov
a.
12.
Whatar
et
hef
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
s?
a.Gr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e
b.Thecaf
ol
l
i
cul
i
c.Gr
anul
osacel
l
s
d.Zonapel
l
uci
da
e.Ant
r
um
Answer
:c
Thef
ol
l
i
cl
ewhi
chi
sov
ul
at
edi
st
heGr
af
f
i
anf
ol
l
i
cl
e.Theconnect
i
v
et
i
ssuel
ay
erar
oundt
he
pr
i
mar
yf
ol
l
i
cl
ei
st
het
hecaf
ol
l
i
cul
i
.Thef
ol
l
i
cul
arcel
l
sar
egr
anul
osacel
l
s.Theaci
dophi
l
i
c
gl
y
copr
ot
ei
ncoatsur
r
oundi
ngt
heoocy
t
ei
st
hezonapel
l
uci
da.Acav
i
t
ywi
t
hi
nt
hef
ol
l
i
cl
ei
s
t
heant
r
um.
Mal
eRepr
oduct
i
v
eSy
st
em Hi
st
ol
ogy
Mal
eRepr
oduct
i
v
eSy
st
em Test1
1.
Whi
chcel
l
spr
oducet
est
ost
er
one?
a.I
nt
er
st
i
t
i
alcel
l
s
b.Ley
di
gcel
l
s
c.Ser
t
ol
i
cel
l
s
d.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s
e.Bot
haandb
Answer
:e
Ley
di
gcel
l
spr
oducet
est
ost
er
one.Thesear
eal
socal
l
ed"
i
nt
er
st
i
t
i
alcel
l
s"or"
i
nt
er
st
i
t
i
alcel
l
s
ofLey
di
g"
.Ser
t
ol
icel
l
sar
edi
r
ect
l
yi
nv
ol
v
edi
nsper
mat
ogenesi
s.Theyar
eal
socal
l
ed
"
sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s"or"
nur
secel
l
s"
.
2.
Howmanysemi
ni
f
er
oust
ubul
esar
ef
oundi
neacht
est
i
sofanav
er
ageman?
a.46
b.4060
c.400600
d.40006000
e.40,
00060,
000
Answer
:c
Theav
er
aget
est
i
si
nanadul
tmanhasbet
ween400and600semi
ni
f
er
oust
ubul
es.
3.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngar
epr
oducedbyt
heLey
di
gcel
l
s?
a.I
nhi
bi
n
b.Andr
ogenbi
ndi
ngpr
ot
ei
n
c.Test
ost
er
one
d.Bot
haandb
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:c
Ser
t
ol
icel
l
spr
oducei
nhi
bi
nandandr
ogenbi
ndi
ngpr
ot
ei
n.Thei
nt
er
st
i
t
i
alcel
l
sofLey
di
g
pr
oducet
est
ost
er
one.
4.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
sNOTconsi
der
edpar
toft
hemal
egeni
t
alductsy
st
em?
a.Ret
et
est
i
s
b.Tubul
ir
ect
i
c.Semi
nalv
esi
cl
es
d.Duct
usdef
er
ens
e.Duct
usepi
di
dy
mi
di
s
Answer
:c
Themal
egeni
t
al
ductsy
st
em cont
ai
ns:r
et
et
est
es,
t
ubul
ir
ect
i
,
duct
ul
ief
f
er
ent
es,
duct
us
epi
di
dy
mi
di
s,
andduct
usdef
er
ens.Themal
eaccessor
ygl
andscont
ai
nt
hebul
bour
et
hr
al
gl
ands,
semi
nalv
esi
cl
es,
andpr
ost
at
e.
5.
Whati
st
hesur
f
acemodi
f
i
cat
i
onseenont
hecel
l
soft
heepi
di
dy
mi
s?
a.Mi
cr
ov
i
l
l
i
b.St
er
eoci
l
i
a
c.Ci
l
i
a
d.Ker
at
i
ni
zat
i
on
e.Bot
haandb
Answer
:b
Mi
cr
ov
i
l
l
iar
et
hef
i
ngerl
i
kepr
oj
ect
i
onsseenont
hesur
f
aceofsomecel
l
s.Theappear
anceof
mi
cr
ov
i
l
l
if
or
m whati
sal
socal
l
edt
hebr
ushbor
derorst
r
i
at
edbor
der
.
St
er
eoci
l
i
aar
ev
er
yl
ongmi
cr
ov
i
l
l
i
.St
er
eoci
l
i
aar
eseeni
nt
heepi
di
dy
mi
sandt
hehai
rcel
l
sof
t
heear
.
Ci
l
i
ai
st
hehai
rl
i
kesur
f
acemodi
f
i
cat
i
onseenonsomeepi
t
hel
i
a.Ci
l
i
aar
emadeof
mi
cr
ot
ubul
es.
Ker
at
i
ni
zat
i
oni
sseeni
nt
heepi
der
mi
s.Cel
l
si
nt
hest
r
at
um cor
neum ar
eessent
i
al
l
yj
ustbags
ofker
at
i
n.
6.
Whatt
y
peofhor
monei
st
est
ost
er
one?
a.Pr
ot
ei
n
b.Ami
noaci
dchai
n
c.St
er
oi
d
d.Cat
echol
ami
ne
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:c
Hor
monescanhav
eav
ar
i
et
yofst
r
uct
ur
es.Hor
moneswhi
char
epr
ot
ei
nsi
ncl
udei
nsul
i
nand
pr
ol
act
i
n.Pept
i
dechai
nsar
eshor
tchai
nsofami
noaci
ds.Exampl
esofhor
moneswhi
char
e
pept
i
dechai
nsar
eant
i
di
ur
et
i
chor
moneandoxy
t
oci
n.St
er
oi
dhor
monesar
echol
est
er
ol
der
i
v
at
i
v
es.St
er
oi
dhor
monesi
ncl
udet
est
ost
er
oneandest
r
adi
ol
.Nor
epi
nephr
i
neand
epi
nephr
i
near
ecat
echol
ami
nes.
7.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
st
r
ue?
a.Ther
ei
sonecor
puscav
er
nosaandonecor
pusspongi
osum
b.Ther
ei
sonecor
puscav
er
nosaandt
wocor
por
aspongi
osum
c.Ther
ear
et
wocor
por
acav
er
nosaandonecor
pusspongi
osum
d.Ther
ear
et
wocor
por
acav
er
nosaandt
wocor
por
aspongi
osum
e.Ther
ear
ef
ourcor
por
acav
er
nosaandt
wocor
por
aspongi
osum
Answer
:c
Thecor
por
acav
er
nosaandcor
pusspongi
osum ar
eer
ect
i
l
et
i
ssue.Ther
ear
et
wocor
por
a
cav
er
nosaandonecor
pusspongi
osum.
8.
Whatgl
andi
nt
hemal
ei
shomol
ogoust
ot
hegr
eat
erv
est
i
bul
argl
andi
nt
hef
emal
e?
a.Bar
t
hol
i
n'
sgl
and
b.Pr
ost
at
egl
and
c.Skene'
sgl
and
d.Cowper
'
sgl
and
e.Br
unner
'
sgl
and
Answer
:d
Thepr
ost
at
egl
andi
sf
oundi
nmal
es.
Skene'
sgl
andsar
eal
socal
l
edt
hel
esserv
est
i
bul
argl
andsandar
ef
oundi
nf
emal
es.
Thebul
bour
et
hr
al
gl
andsar
eal
socal
l
edCowper
'
sgl
ands.Thebul
bour
et
hr
algl
andsar
ef
ound
i
nmal
esandar
ehomol
ogoust
ot
heBar
t
hol
i
n'
sgl
andsi
nf
emal
es.
Br
unner
'
sgl
andsar
ef
oundi
nt
heduodenum.
9.
Whati
st
hemostcommonl
yseent
y
peofepi
t
hel
i
um i
nt
hepr
ost
at
e?
a.Tr
ansi
t
i
onal
b.Si
mpl
ecol
umnar
c.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamous
d.Si
mpl
esquamous
e.Si
mpl
ecuboi
dal
Answer
:b
Thegl
andul
arepi
t
hel
i
um oft
hepr
ost
at
ei
smostof
t
ensi
mpl
ecol
umnar
,
howev
erav
ar
i
et
yof
t
y
pescanbef
ound.
10.
Whatt
y
peofepi
t
hel
i
um l
i
nest
heepi
di
dy
mi
s?
a.Pseudost
r
at
i
f
i
ed
b.Si
mpl
ecol
umnar
c.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamous
d.Si
mpl
esquamous
e.Si
mpl
ecuboi
dal
Answer
:a
Pseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edepi
t
hel
i
um l
i
nest
heepi
di
dy
mi
s.
Mal
eRepr
oduct
i
v
eSy
st
em Test2
1.
Whi
chcel
l
sar
edi
r
ect
l
yi
nv
ol
v
edi
nsper
mat
ogenesi
s?
a.I
nt
er
st
i
t
i
alcel
l
s
b.Ley
di
gcel
l
s
c.Ser
t
ol
i
cel
l
s
d.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s
e.Bot
hcandd
Answer
:e
Ley
di
gcel
l
spr
oducet
est
ost
er
one.Thesear
eal
socal
l
ed"
i
nt
er
st
i
t
i
alcel
l
s"or"
i
nt
er
st
i
t
i
alcel
l
s
ofLey
di
g"
.Ser
t
ol
icel
l
sar
edi
r
ect
l
yi
nv
ol
v
edi
nsper
mat
ogenesi
s.Theyar
eal
socal
l
ed
"
sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s"or"
nur
secel
l
s"
.
2.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngar
epr
oducedbyt
heSer
t
ol
i
cel
l
s?
a.I
nhi
bi
n
b.Andr
ogenbi
ndi
ngpr
ot
ei
n
c.Test
ost
er
one
d.Bot
haandb
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:d
Ser
t
ol
icel
l
spr
oducei
nhi
bi
nandandr
ogenbi
ndi
ngpr
ot
ei
n.Thei
nt
er
st
i
t
i
alcel
l
sofLey
di
g
pr
oducet
est
ost
er
one.
3.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
sNOTconsi
der
edanaccessor
ygl
and?
a.Pr
ost
at
e
b.Bul
bour
et
hr
al
gl
and
c.Semi
nalv
esi
cl
es
d.Duct
usdef
er
ens
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:d
Themal
egeni
t
al
ductsy
st
em cont
ai
ns:r
et
et
est
es,
t
ubul
ir
ect
i
,
duct
ul
ief
f
er
ent
es,
duct
us
epi
di
dy
mi
di
s,
andduct
usdef
er
ens.Themal
eaccessor
ygl
andscont
ai
nt
hebul
bour
et
hr
al
gl
ands,
semi
nalv
esi
cl
es,
andpr
ost
at
e.
4.
Whati
sanot
hert
er
mf
orabul
bour
et
hr
al
gl
and?
a.Bar
t
hol
i
n'
sgl
and
b.Pr
ost
at
egl
and
c.Skene'
sgl
and
d.Cowper
'
sgl
and
e.Br
unner
'
sgl
and
Answer
:d
Bar
t
hol
i
n'
sgl
andsar
eal
socal
l
edt
hegr
eat
erv
est
i
bul
argl
ands.Bar
t
hol
i
n'
sgl
andsar
ef
oundi
n
f
emal
esandar
ehomol
ogoust
ot
hebul
bour
et
hr
al
gl
andsi
nmal
es.
Thepr
ost
at
egl
andi
sf
oundi
nmal
es.
Skene'
sgl
andsar
eal
socal
l
edt
hel
esserv
est
i
bul
argl
andsandar
ef
oundi
nf
emal
es.
Thebul
bour
et
hr
al
gl
andsar
eal
socal
l
edCowper
'
sgl
ands.Thebul
bour
et
hr
algl
andsar
ef
ound
i
nmal
esandar
ehomol
ogoust
ot
heBar
t
hol
i
n'
sgl
andsi
nf
emal
es.
Br
unner
'
sgl
andsar
ef
oundi
nt
heduodenum.
5.
Whatar
et
hespher
i
cal
st
r
uct
ur
esseeni
nsomepr
ost
at
i
cal
v
eol
ical
l
ed?
a.Psammomabodi
es
b.Cor
por
aar
enacea
c.Hassal
l
'
scor
puscl
es
d.Pr
ost
at
i
cconcr
et
i
ons
e.Paci
ni
ancor
puscl
es
Answer
:d
Psammomabodi
esar
ecol
l
ect
i
onsofcal
ci
um.I
ti
sder
i
v
edf
r
om t
heGr
eekwor
d"
psammos"
,
whi
chmeanssand.
Cor
por
aar
enacear
ef
er
st
ot
hecal
ci
f
i
cat
i
onsseeni
nt
hepi
nealgl
and.Cor
por
aar
enaceai
s
ni
cknamed"
br
ai
nsand"
.
Hassal
l
'
scor
puscl
esar
et
her
i
ngl
i
kest
r
uct
ur
esf
oundi
nt
het
hy
mus.
Thespher
i
calst
r
uct
ur
esseeni
nsomepr
ost
at
i
cal
v
eol
iar
ecal
l
edpr
ost
at
i
cconcr
et
i
ons.
Paci
ni
ancor
puscl
esar
epr
essur
er
ecept
or
si
nt
heski
n.
6.
Whatt
y
peofepi
t
hel
i
um l
i
nest
hesemi
nalv
esi
cl
es?
a.Pseudost
r
at
i
f
i
ed
b.Si
mpl
ecol
umnar
c.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamous
d.Si
mpl
esquamous
e.Si
mpl
ecuboi
dal
Answer
:a
Pseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edepi
t
hel
i
um l
i
nest
hesemi
nalv
esi
cl
es.
7.
Whatt
y
peofepi
t
hel
i
um l
i
nest
hev
asdef
er
ens?
a.Pseudost
r
at
i
f
i
ed
b.Si
mpl
ecol
umnar
c.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamous
d.Si
mpl
esquamous
e.Si
mpl
ecuboi
dal
Answer
:a
Pseudost
r
at
i
f
i
edepi
t
hel
i
um l
i
nest
hev
asdef
er
ens.
8.
Whatt
y
peofgl
andcomposest
hepr
ost
at
e?
a.Si
mpl
est
r
ai
ghtt
ubul
argl
and
b.Si
mpl
ecoi
l
edt
ubul
argl
and
c.Si
mpl
eal
v
eol
argl
and
d.Compoundt
ubul
argl
and
e.Compoundt
ubul
oal
v
eol
argl
and
Agl
andt
hathasaductt
hatdoesnotbr
anchi
scal
l
edasi
mpl
egl
and.I
ft
heduct
br
anches,
i
ti
sr
ef
er
r
edt
oasacompoundgl
and.
I
ft
het
hepar
toft
hegl
andwhi
chsecr
et
esel
ement
si
sshapedl
i
keat
ube,
i
ti
s
r
ef
er
r
edt
oasat
ubul
argl
and.I
ft
heendi
ngoft
het
ubei
sf
l
askl
i
ke,
i
ti
s
t
ubul
oal
v
eol
er
.I
ft
hepar
toft
hegl
andwhi
chsecr
et
esel
ement
si
sshapedl
i
keaf
l
ask,
i
ti
s
r
ef
er
r
edt
oasaci
naroral
v
eol
ar
.
Thepr
ost
at
ei
smadeofcompoundt
ubol
oal
v
eol
argl
ands.
9.
Whati
st
hest
r
omaoft
hepr
ost
at
e?
a.Loosei
r
r
egul
arconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue
b.Smoot
hmuscl
e
c.Fi
br
omuscul
ar
d.Adi
poset
i
ssue
e.Densei
r
r
egul
arconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue
Answer
:c
Thegl
andsoft
hepr
ost
at
el
i
ei
naf
i
br
omuscul
arst
r
oma.I
ti
sal
sor
ef
er
r
edt
oasaf
i
br
oel
ast
i
c
st
r
oma.Ther
ear
ebundl
esofsmoot
hmuscl
ewi
t
hi
ndensei
r
r
egul
arconnect
i
v
et
i
ssue.
10.
Howmanyl
ay
er
sofsmoot
hmuscl
ear
ei
nt
hev
asdef
er
ens?
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
e.5
Answer
:c
Ther
ear
et
hr
eel
ay
er
sofsmoot
hmuscl
ei
nt
hev
asdef
er
ens.Ther
ei
sani
nnerl
ongi
t
udi
nal
,
a
mi
ddl
eci
r
cul
ar
,
andanout
erl
ongi
t
udi
nal
.
Mal
eRepr
oduct
i
v
eSy
st
em Test3
1.
Howmanycor
por
acav
er
nosaar
et
her
e?
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
e.5
Answer
:b
Thecor
por
acav
er
nosaandcor
pusspongi
osum ar
eer
ect
i
l
et
i
ssue.Ther
ear
et
wocor
por
a
cav
er
nosaandonecor
pusspongi
osum.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:Thewor
d"
cor
por
a"i
spl
ur
al
;
"
cor
pus"i
ssi
ngul
ar
.I
ti
s
der
i
v
edf
r
om t
heLat
i
nwor
dmeani
ng"
body
"
.
2.
Whi
choneoft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngar
et
heear
l
i
estcel
l
sofsper
mat
ogenesi
s?
a.Pr
i
mar
ysper
mat
ocy
t
es
b.Secondar
ysper
mat
ocy
t
es
c.Sper
mat
i
ds
d.Sper
mat
ozoa
e.Sper
mat
ogoni
a
Answer
:e
Theear
l
i
estcel
l
sofsper
mat
ogenesi
sar
esper
mat
ogoni
a;
t
hesear
epr
i
mi
t
i
v
ecel
l
s.The
pr
i
mar
ysper
mat
ocy
t
ei
sder
i
v
edf
r
om sper
mat
ogoni
a.Thi
st
hendev
el
opsi
nt
osecondar
y
sper
mat
ocy
t
es.Thesecondar
ysper
mat
ocy
t
ei
shapl
oi
d.Thesedev
el
opi
nt
osper
mat
i
ds.The
mat
ur
esper
m cel
l
i
ssper
mat
ozoa.
3.
Whi
chcel
l
sar
eal
socal
l
ed"
nur
secel
l
s"
?
a.I
nt
er
st
i
t
i
alcel
l
s
b.Ley
di
gcel
l
s
c.Ser
t
ol
i
cel
l
s
d.Sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s
e.Bot
hcandd
Answer
:e
Ley
di
gcel
l
spr
oducet
est
ost
er
one.Thesear
eal
socal
l
ed"
i
nt
er
st
i
t
i
alcel
l
s"or"
i
nt
er
st
i
t
i
alcel
l
s
ofLey
di
g"
.Ser
t
ol
icel
l
sar
edi
r
ect
l
yi
nv
ol
v
edi
nsper
mat
ogenesi
s.Theyar
eal
socal
l
ed
"
sust
ent
acul
arcel
l
s"or"
nur
secel
l
s"
.
4.
Whendot
het
est
esdescendi
nt
ot
hescr
ot
um?
a.Fet
aldev
el
opment
b.I
nf
ancy
c.Puber
t
y
d.Adul
t
hood
e.Dur
i
ngar
ousal
Answer
:a
Thet
est
esdev
el
opi
nt
heabdomi
nal
cav
i
t
y
.Dur
i
ngf
et
aldev
el
opment
,
t
heydescendt
ot
he
scr
ot
um.
5.
Whi
chi
st
hel
ar
gestaccessor
yst
r
uct
ur
eoft
hemal
er
epr
oduct
i
v
esy
st
em
a.Epi
di
dy
mi
s
b.Pr
ost
at
e
c.Semi
nalv
esi
cl
e
d.Bul
bour
et
hr
al
gl
and
e.Cowper
'
sgl
and
Answer
:b
Thepr
ost
at
ei
st
hel
ar
gestaccessor
yst
r
uct
ur
eoft
hemal
er
epr
oduct
i
v
esy
st
em.
6.
Whati
st
hecapsul
et
hatsur
r
oundst
het
est
es?
a.Tuni
caadv
ent
i
t
i
a
b.Tuni
caext
er
na
c.Tuni
camedi
a
d.Tuni
cai
nt
i
ma
e.Tuni
caal
bugi
nea
Thet
uni
caal
bugi
neai
st
het
hi
ckcapsul
ear
oundeacht
est
i
s.
7.
Whati
st
he"
cap"
att
heant
er
i
orpor
t
i
onofasper
mat
azoon?
a.Head
b.Tai
l
c.Acr
osome
d.Endpi
ece
e.Mi
ddl
epi
ece
Theacr
osomei
st
he"
cap"att
heant
er
i
orpor
t
i
onofasper
mat
ozoon.
8.
Whati
sanot
hert
er
mf
ort
hecor
puscav
er
nosum ur
et
hr
ae?
a.Cor
por
acav
er
nosa
b.Cor
pusspongi
osum
c.Ur
et
hr
a
d.Cor
puscav
er
nosum cl
i
t
or
i
di
s
eEr
ect
i
l
et
i
ssue
Thecor
pusspongi
osum i
sal
socal
l
edt
hecor
puscav
er
nosum ur
et
hr
ae.Thecor
por
a
cav
er
nosaandcor
pusspongi
osum ar
eer
ect
i
l
et
i
ssue.Thecor
puscav
er
nosum cl
i
t
or
i
di
si
si
n
t
hef
emal
e.Theur
et
hr
ai
samuscul
art
ubet
hatr
unsf
r
om t
hebl
adder
.I
tt
r
anspor
t
sbot
hur
i
ne
andsemen.
9.
Howmanycor
pusspongi
osum ar
et
her
e?
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
e.5
Answer
:a
Thecor
por
acav
er
nosaandcor
pusspongi
osum ar
eer
ect
i
l
et
i
ssue.Ther
ear
et
wocor
por
a
cav
er
nosaandonecor
pusspongi
osum.
Hi
st
ol
ogyhi
ntf
r
om Sar
ahBel
l
ham:Thewor
d"
cor
por
a"i
spl
ur
al
;
"
cor
pus"i
ssi
ngul
ar
.I
ti
s
der
i
v
edf
r
om t
heLat
i
nwor
dmeani
ng"
body
"
.
10.
Whati
st
hemat
ur
esper
m cel
l
?
a.Pr
i
mar
ysper
mat
ocy
t
es
b.Secondar
ysper
mat
ocy
t
es
c.Sper
mat
i
ds
d.Sper
mat
ozoa
e.Sper
mat
ogoni
a
Answer
:d
Theear
l
i
estcel
l
sofsper
mat
ogenesi
sar
esper
mat
ogoni
a;
t
hesear
epr
i
mi
t
i
v
ecel
l
s.The
pr
i
mar
ysper
mat
ocy
t
ei
sder
i
v
edf
r
om sper
mat
ogoni
a.Thi
st
hendev
el
opsi
nt
osecondar
y
sper
mat
ocy
t
es.Thesecondar
ysper
mat
ocy
t
ei
shapl
oi
d.Thesedev
el
opi
nt
osper
mat
i
ds.The
mat
ur
esper
m cel
l
i
ssper
mat
ozoa.
Speci
alSensesHi
st
ol
ogy
Speci
al
SensesTest1
1.
Whati
sBr
uch'
smembr
ane?
a.Ci
l
i
ar
ybody
b.Opt
i
cdi
sc
c.Fov
eacent
r
al
i
s
d.Lami
nav
i
t
r
ea
e.Lami
nacr
i
br
osa
Answer
:d
Theci
l
i
ar
ybodyi
sat
hi
ckeni
ngi
nt
heuv
ea.I
tcont
ai
nst
heci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
e.
Thesi
t
ewher
et
heopt
i
cner
v
el
eav
est
heey
ebal
l
i
st
heopt
i
cdi
sc.Thi
sr
egi
oni
sal
socal
l
ed
t
heanat
omi
calbl
i
ndspot
.Si
ncet
her
ear
enophot
or
ecept
or
satt
hi
sspot
,
i
tcausesabl
i
nd
spoti
nt
hev
i
sual
f
i
el
d.
Thef
ov
eacent
r
al
i
si
spar
toft
her
et
i
na.Ther
ear
eonl
yconecel
l
si
nt
hef
ov
eacent
r
al
i
s.I
ti
s
t
hesi
t
ef
ormaxi
mal
v
i
sualacui
t
y
.
Thei
nnerl
ay
eroft
hechor
oi
di
st
hel
ami
nav
i
t
r
ea.Thel
ami
nav
i
t
r
eai
sal
sor
ef
er
r
edt
oas
Br
uch'
smembr
ane.
Thel
ami
nacr
i
br
osaar
esmal
lopeni
ngswi
t
hi
nt
hescl
er
awher
et
hef
i
ber
sf
or
mi
ngt
heopt
i
c
ner
v
et
r
av
elt
hr
ough.
2.
Whatar
eneur
onsi
nt
her
et
i
na?
a.Uni
pol
ar
b.Pseudouni
pol
ar
c.Bi
pol
ar
d.Mul
t
i
pol
ar
e.Bot
haandb
Answer
:c
Theneur
onsi
nt
her
et
i
naar
ebi
pol
ar
.
Neur
onscanbecl
assi
f
i
edbasedont
henumberofaxonsanddendr
i
t
esst
emmi
ngof
foft
he
cel
lbody
.Auni
pol
arneur
onhasonepr
ocesswhi
chbr
anchesof
fofi
tThi
spr
ocesst
hen
i
mmedi
at
el
ydi
v
i
desi
nt
ot
wo.Thus,
auni
pol
arneur
oni
ssomet
i
mesal
socal
l
eda
pseudouni
pol
arneur
on.Sensor
yneur
onsar
euni
pol
ar
.
Abi
pol
arneur
onhast
wopr
ocesst
hatbr
anchf
r
om i
t
:anaxonandadendr
i
t
e.Bi
pol
arneur
ons
ar
enotv
er
ycommonandar
ef
oundi
nsomeoft
heor
gansf
orspeci
alsenses.Bi
pol
arneur
ons
ar
ef
oundi
nt
her
et
i
na,
i
nnerear
,
andt
her
egi
onoft
henosei
nv
ol
v
edwi
t
hsmel
l
.
Mul
t
i
pol
arneur
onshav
eoneaxonandmany(
atl
eastt
wo)dendr
i
t
est
hatbr
anchof
fofi
t
.Most
neur
onsar
emul
t
i
pol
ar
.Mot
orneur
onsandi
nt
er
neur
onsar
emul
t
i
pol
ar
.
3.
Whi
chst
r
uct
ur
ei
st
r
anspar
ent
?
a.Chor
oi
d
b.Ci
l
i
ar
ybody
c.I
r
i
s
d.Or
aser
r
at
a
e.Cor
nea
Answer
:e
Thecor
neai
st
r
anspar
ent
.
4.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
st
her
ecept
orf
orcol
or
?
a.Rods
b.Cones
c.Bi
pol
arcel
l
s
d.Gangl
i
oncel
l
s
e.Hor
i
zont
alcel
l
s
Answer
:b
Theey
ebal
lhast
hr
eel
ay
er
s.Thei
nner
mostl
ay
eri
st
her
et
i
na.Themi
ddl
el
ay
eri
st
heuv
ea.
Theout
erl
ay
eri
st
hescl
er
aandcor
nea.
Ther
et
i
naconsi
st
soft
her
ods,
cones,
bi
pol
arcel
l
s,
gangl
i
oncel
l
s,
hor
i
zont
alcel
l
s,
and
amacr
i
necel
l
s.Ther
ecept
or
sf
orv
i
si
onar
et
her
odsandcones.Ther
odsar
el
ocat
edont
he
per
i
pher
y
,
andar
enotcol
orsensi
t
i
v
e.Theconesar
et
her
ecept
or
sf
orcol
or
.
5.
Whati
sr
esponsi
bl
ef
oradj
ust
i
ngt
hel
ens?
a.Chor
oi
d
b.Ci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
e
c.I
r
i
s
d.Or
aser
r
at
a
e.Scl
er
a
Answer
:b
Thev
ascul
arpi
gment
edst
r
uct
ur
eoft
heuv
eai
st
hechor
oi
d.Theci
l
i
ar
ybodycont
ai
nst
he
ci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
e.Theci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
ei
sr
esponsi
bl
ef
oradj
ust
i
ngt
hel
ens.Themostant
er
i
or
por
t
i
onoft
heuv
eai
st
hei
r
i
s.Theant
er
i
orpi
gment
edpor
t
i
onoft
her
et
i
nai
scal
l
edt
heor
a
ser
r
at
a.Thescl
er
ai
st
he"
whi
t
eoft
heey
e"
.
6.
Whati
st
her
egi
oncal
l
edwher
et
heopt
i
cner
v
eexi
t
st
heey
e?
a.Os
b.Opt
i
cchi
asm
c.Lami
nacr
i
br
osa
d.Opt
i
cdi
sc
e.Or
aser
r
at
a
Answer
:d
Anosi
sanopeni
ngormout
h.Theopt
i
cchi
asm i
st
heanat
omi
calr
egi
onshapedl
i
kean"
X"
wher
et
het
woopt
i
cner
v
esj
oi
n.Ther
egi
onwher
et
heopt
i
cner
v
eexi
t
st
heey
ei
st
heopt
i
c
di
sc.Theopeni
ngswi
t
hi
nt
hescl
er
awhi
chal
l
owner
v
ef
i
ber
st
oexi
ti
st
hel
ami
nacr
i
br
osa.
Theant
er
i
orpi
gment
edpor
t
i
onoft
her
et
i
nai
scal
l
edt
heor
aser
r
at
a.
7.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
sat
y
peofneur
on?
a.Rods
b.Gangl
i
oncel
l
s
c.Cones
d.Pi
gment
edepi
t
hel
i
um
e.Suppor
t
i
ngcel
l
s
Answer
:b
Ther
et
i
nacont
ai
nsr
ecept
orcel
l
s,
neur
ons,
pi
gment
edepi
t
hel
i
um andsuppor
t
i
ngcel
l
s.The
ner
v
ousel
ementi
nt
her
et
i
naconsi
st
sofbi
pol
arcel
l
sandgangl
i
oncel
l
s.
8.
Whati
st
hespaceant
er
i
ort
ot
hei
r
i
s?
a.Ant
er
i
orchamber
b.Post
er
i
orchamber
c.Vi
t
r
ealcav
i
t
y
d.Bot
haandb
e.Al
lofa,
b,
andc
Answer
:a
Ther
egi
onbehi
ndt
hel
ensi
st
hev
i
t
r
eal
cav
i
t
y
.Thechamber
sant
er
i
ort
ot
hel
ensar
et
he
ant
er
i
orchamberandpost
er
i
orchamber
.Thei
r
i
ssepar
at
est
heant
er
i
orchamberf
r
om t
he
post
er
i
orchamber
.
9.
Whi
chl
ay
erf
or
mst
hemaj
or
i
t
yoft
hecor
nea?
a.Epi
t
hel
i
um
b.Endot
hel
i
um
c.Descemet
'
smembr
ane
d.Subst
ant
i
apr
opr
i
a
e.Bowman'
smembr
ane
Answer
:d
Ther
ear
ef
i
v
el
ay
er
st
ot
hecor
nea:epi
t
hel
i
um,
Bowman'
smembr
ane,
subst
ant
i
apr
opr
i
a,
Descemet
'
smembr
ane,
andendot
hel
i
um.
Thesur
f
aceoft
hecor
neai
scov
er
edbyanonker
at
i
ni
zedst
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um.
Bowman'
smembr
aneandDescemet
'
smembr
anear
eacel
l
ul
ar
.Themaj
or
i
t
yoft
hecor
neai
s
f
r
om t
hesubst
ant
i
apr
opr
i
a.Theendot
hel
i
um i
sasi
mpl
eepi
t
hel
i
um.
10.
Whati
st
her
egi
onwher
et
heopt
i
cner
v
el
eav
est
heey
ebal
l
?
a.Ci
l
i
ar
ybody
b.Opt
i
cdi
sc
c.Fov
eacent
r
al
i
s
d.Lami
nav
i
t
r
ea
e.Lami
nacr
i
br
osa
Answer
:b
Theci
l
i
ar
ybodyi
sat
hi
ckeni
ngi
nt
heuv
ea.I
tcont
ai
nst
heci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
e.
Thesi
t
ewher
et
heopt
i
cner
v
el
eav
est
heey
ebal
l
i
st
heopt
i
cdi
sc.Thi
sr
egi
oni
sal
socal
l
ed
t
heanat
omi
calbl
i
ndspot
.Si
ncet
her
ear
enophot
or
ecept
or
satt
hi
sspot
,
i
tcausesabl
i
nd
spoti
nt
hev
i
sual
f
i
el
d.
Thef
ov
eacent
r
al
i
si
spar
toft
her
et
i
na.Ther
ear
eonl
yconecel
l
si
nt
hef
ov
eacent
r
al
i
s.I
ti
s
t
hesi
t
ef
ormaxi
mal
v
i
sualacui
t
y
.
Thei
nnerl
ay
eroft
hechor
oi
di
st
hel
ami
nav
i
t
r
ea.Thel
ami
nav
i
t
r
eai
sal
sor
ef
er
r
edt
oas
Br
uch'
smembr
ane.
Thel
ami
nacr
i
br
osaar
esmal
lopeni
ngswi
t
hi
nt
hescl
er
awher
et
hef
i
ber
sf
or
mi
ngt
heopt
i
c
ner
v
et
r
av
elt
hr
ough.
Speci
al
SensesTest2
1.
Whatar
et
her
ecept
or
sf
orv
i
si
on?
a.Rods
b.Cones
c.Bi
pol
arcel
l
s
d.Gangl
i
oncel
l
s
e.Bot
haandb
Answer
:e
Ther
et
i
naconsi
st
soft
her
ods,
cones,
bi
pol
arcel
l
s,
gangl
i
oncel
l
s,
hor
i
zont
alcel
l
s,
and
amacr
i
necel
l
s.Ther
ecept
or
sf
orv
i
si
onar
et
her
odsandcones.Ther
odsar
el
ocat
edont
he
per
i
pher
y
,
andar
enotcol
orsensi
t
i
v
e.Theconesar
et
her
ecept
or
sf
orcol
or
.
2.
Wher
ei
st
heci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
el
ocat
ed?
a.Ci
l
i
ar
ybody
b.Opt
i
cdi
sc
c.Fov
eacent
r
al
i
s
d.Lami
nav
i
t
r
ea
e.Lami
nacr
i
br
osa
Answer
:a
Theci
l
i
ar
ybodyi
sat
hi
ckeni
ngi
nt
heuv
ea.I
tcont
ai
nst
heci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
e.
Thesi
t
ewher
et
heopt
i
cner
v
el
eav
est
heey
ebal
l
i
st
heopt
i
cdi
sc.Thi
sr
egi
oni
sal
socal
l
ed
t
heanat
omi
calbl
i
ndspot
.Si
ncet
her
ear
enophot
or
ecept
or
satt
hi
sspot
,
i
tcausesabl
i
nd
spoti
nt
hev
i
sual
f
i
el
d.
Thef
ov
eacent
r
al
i
si
spar
toft
her
et
i
na.Ther
ear
eonl
yconecel
l
si
nt
hef
ov
eacent
r
al
i
s.I
ti
s
t
hesi
t
ef
ormaxi
mal
v
i
sualacui
t
y
.
Thei
nnerl
ay
eroft
hechor
oi
di
st
hel
ami
nav
i
t
r
ea.Thel
ami
nav
i
t
r
eai
sal
sor
ef
er
r
edt
oas
Br
uch'
smembr
ane.
Thel
ami
nacr
i
br
osaar
esmal
lopeni
ngswi
t
hi
nt
hescl
er
awher
et
hef
i
ber
sf
or
mi
ngt
heopt
i
c
ner
v
et
r
av
elt
hr
ough.
3.
Wher
ei
st
heci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
el
ocat
ed?
a.Chor
oi
d
b.Ci
l
i
ar
ybody
c.I
r
i
s
d.Or
aser
r
at
a
e.Scl
er
a
Answer
:b
Thev
ascul
arpi
gment
edst
r
uct
ur
eoft
heuv
eai
st
hechor
oi
d.Theci
l
i
ar
ybodycont
ai
nst
he
ci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
e.Theci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
ei
sr
esponsi
bl
ef
oradj
ust
i
ngt
hel
ens.Themostant
er
i
or
por
t
i
onoft
heuv
eai
st
hei
r
i
s.Theant
er
i
orpi
gment
edpor
t
i
onoft
her
et
i
nai
scal
l
edt
heor
a
ser
r
at
a.Thescl
er
ai
st
he"
whi
t
eoft
heey
e"
.
4.
Whatar
et
heopeni
ngswi
t
hi
nt
hescl
er
awhi
chal
l
owner
v
ef
i
ber
st
oexi
t
?
a.Os
b.Opt
i
cchi
asm
c.Lami
nacr
i
br
osa
d.Opt
i
cdi
sc
e.Or
aser
r
at
a
Answer
:c
Anosi
sanopeni
ngormout
h.Theopt
i
cchi
asm i
st
heanat
omi
calr
egi
onshapedl
i
kean"
X"
wher
et
het
woopt
i
cner
v
esj
oi
n.Ther
egi
onwher
et
heopt
i
cner
v
eexi
t
st
heey
ei
st
heopt
i
c
di
sc.Theopeni
ngswi
t
hi
nt
hescl
er
awhi
chal
l
owner
v
ef
i
ber
st
oexi
ti
st
hel
ami
nacr
i
br
osa.
Theant
er
i
orpi
gment
edpor
t
i
onoft
her
et
i
nai
scal
l
edt
heor
aser
r
at
a.
5.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
sNOTpar
toft
her
et
i
na?
a.Recept
orcel
l
s
b.Neur
ons
c.Pi
gment
edepi
t
hel
i
um
d.Ci
l
i
ar
ybody
e.Suppor
t
i
ngcel
l
s
Answer
:d
Ther
et
i
nacont
ai
nsr
ecept
orcel
l
s,
neur
ons,
pi
gment
edepi
t
hel
i
um andsuppor
t
i
ngcel
l
s.The
ner
v
ousel
ementi
nt
her
et
i
naconsi
st
sofbi
pol
arcel
l
sandgangl
i
oncel
l
s.
6.
Whatst
r
uct
ur
eadj
ust
st
heshapeoft
hel
ens?
a.I
nt
er
nalobl
i
quemuscl
e
b.Or
bi
cul
ar
i
socul
i
c.Tar
sus
d.Ci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
e
e.Lev
at
ormuscl
e
Answer
:d
Theci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
ei
swi
t
hi
nt
heci
l
i
ar
ybody
.Theci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
eadj
ust
st
heshapeoft
hel
ens.
7.
Whati
st
hei
nnerl
ay
eroft
hechor
oi
d?
a.Ci
l
i
ar
ybody
b.Opt
i
cdi
sc
c.Fov
eacent
r
al
i
s
d.Lami
nav
i
t
r
ea
e.Lami
nacr
i
br
osa
Answer
:d
Theci
l
i
ar
ybodyi
sat
hi
ckeni
ngi
nt
heuv
ea.I
tcont
ai
nst
heci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
e.
Thesi
t
ewher
et
heopt
i
cner
v
el
eav
est
heey
ebal
l
i
st
heopt
i
cdi
sc.Thi
sr
egi
oni
sal
socal
l
ed
t
heanat
omi
calbl
i
ndspot
.Si
ncet
her
ear
enophot
or
ecept
or
satt
hi
sspot
,
i
tcausesabl
i
nd
spoti
nt
hev
i
sual
f
i
el
d.
Thef
ov
eacent
r
al
i
si
spar
toft
her
et
i
na.Ther
ear
eonl
yconecel
l
si
nt
hef
ov
eacent
r
al
i
s.I
ti
s
t
hesi
t
ef
ormaxi
mal
v
i
sualacui
t
y
.
Thei
nnerl
ay
eroft
hechor
oi
di
st
hel
ami
nav
i
t
r
ea.Thel
ami
nav
i
t
r
eai
sal
sor
ef
er
r
edt
oas
Br
uch'
smembr
ane.
Thel
ami
nacr
i
br
osaar
esmal
lopeni
ngswi
t
hi
nt
hescl
er
awher
et
hef
i
ber
sf
or
mi
ngt
heopt
i
c
ner
v
et
r
av
elt
hr
ough.
8.
Wher
edoesaqueoushumorf
r
om ant
er
i
orchambercol
l
ecti
nt
o?
a.Canal
i
cul
i
b.CanalofHer
i
ng
c.CanalofMul
l
er
d.CanalofDescemet
e.CanalofSchl
emm
Answer
:e
Aqueoushumorcol
l
ect
edf
r
om t
heant
er
i
orchamberv
i
at
hecanalofSchl
emm.
9.
Whi
chl
ay
eroft
hecor
neai
sacel
l
ul
ar
?
a.Epi
t
hel
i
um
b.Endot
hel
i
um
c.Descemet
'
smembr
ane
d.Subst
ant
i
apr
opr
i
a
e.Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:c
Ther
ear
ef
i
v
el
ay
er
st
ot
hecor
nea:epi
t
hel
i
um,
Bowman'
smembr
ane,
subst
ant
i
apr
opr
i
a,
Descemet
'
smembr
ane,
andendot
hel
i
um.
Thesur
f
aceoft
hecor
neai
scov
er
edbyanonker
at
i
ni
zedst
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um.
Bowman'
smembr
aneandDescemet
'
smembr
anear
eacel
l
ul
ar
.Themaj
or
i
t
yoft
hecor
neai
s
f
r
om t
hesubst
ant
i
apr
opr
i
a.Theendot
hel
i
um i
sasi
mpl
eepi
t
hel
i
um.
10.
Whi
chst
r
uct
ur
ei
sav
ascul
ar
?
a.Ret
i
na
b.Cor
nea
c.Chor
oi
d
d.Scl
er
a
e.Uv
ea
Answer
:b
Thecor
neai
sav
ascul
ar
.
Speci
al
SensesTest3
1.
Dur
i
ngt
heAmer
i
canRev
ol
ut
i
on,
i
nt
hebat
t
l
eofBunkerHi
l
l
,
anof
f
i
ceri
nst
r
uct
edhi
st
r
oops:
"
Don'
tf
i
r
eunt
i
ly
ouseet
hewhi
t
esoft
hei
rey
es"
.Whatanat
omi
calst
r
uct
ur
ewasher
ef
er
r
i
ng
t
o?
a.Chor
oi
d
b.Ci
l
i
ar
ybody
c.I
r
i
s
d.Or
aser
r
at
a
e.Scl
er
a
Answer
:e
Thev
ascul
arpi
gment
edst
r
uct
ur
eoft
heuv
eai
st
hechor
oi
d.Theci
l
i
ar
ybodycont
ai
nst
he
ci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
e.Theci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
ei
sr
esponsi
bl
ef
oradj
ust
i
ngt
hel
ens.Themostant
er
i
or
por
t
i
onoft
heuv
eai
st
hei
r
i
s.Theant
er
i
orpi
gment
edpor
t
i
onoft
her
et
i
nai
scal
l
edt
heor
a
ser
r
at
a.Thescl
er
ai
st
he"
whi
t
eoft
heey
e"
.
2.
Wher
ei
st
her
egi
onassoci
at
edwi
t
hmaxi
mum v
i
sualacui
t
y
?
a.Ci
l
i
ar
ybody
b.Opt
i
cdi
sc
c.Fov
eacent
r
al
i
s
d.Lami
nav
i
t
r
ea
e.Lami
nacr
i
br
osa
Answer
:c
Theci
l
i
ar
ybodyi
sat
hi
ckeni
ngi
nt
heuv
ea.I
tcont
ai
nst
heci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
e.
Thesi
t
ewher
et
heopt
i
cner
v
el
eav
est
heey
ebal
l
i
st
heopt
i
cdi
sc.Thi
sr
egi
oni
sal
socal
l
ed
t
heanat
omi
calbl
i
ndspot
.Si
ncet
her
ear
enophot
or
ecept
or
satt
hi
sspot
,
i
tcausesabl
i
nd
spoti
nt
hev
i
sual
f
i
el
d.
Thef
ov
eacent
r
al
i
si
spar
toft
her
et
i
na.Ther
ear
eonl
yconecel
l
si
nt
hef
ov
eacent
r
al
i
s.I
ti
s
t
hesi
t
ef
ormaxi
mal
v
i
sualacui
t
y
.
Thei
nnerl
ay
eroft
hechor
oi
di
st
hel
ami
nav
i
t
r
ea.Thel
ami
nav
i
t
r
eai
sal
sor
ef
er
r
edt
oas
Br
uch'
smembr
ane.
Thel
ami
nacr
i
br
osaar
esmal
lopeni
ngswi
t
hi
nt
hescl
er
awher
et
hef
i
ber
sf
or
mi
ngt
heopt
i
c
ner
v
et
r
av
elt
hr
ough.
3.
Whati
st
hesuspensor
yl
i
gamentoft
hel
ens?
a.Zonl
ul
arf
i
ber
s
b.Pur
ki
nj
ef
i
ber
s
c.El
ast
i
cf
i
ber
s
d.Spi
r
all
i
gament
e.Ov
all
i
gament
Answer
:a
Thezonul
arf
i
ber
sar
et
hesuspensor
yl
i
gamentoft
hel
ens.
4.
Whi
chl
ay
eroft
hecor
neai
sacel
l
ul
ar
?
a.Bowman'
smembr
ane
b.Subst
ant
i
apr
opr
i
a
c.Epi
t
hel
i
um
d.Endot
hel
i
um
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:a
Ther
ear
ef
i
v
el
ay
er
st
ot
hecor
nea:epi
t
hel
i
um,
Bowman'
smembr
ane,
subst
ant
i
apr
opr
i
a,
Descemet
'
smembr
ane,
andendot
hel
i
um.
Thesur
f
aceoft
hecor
neai
scov
er
edbyanonker
at
i
ni
zedst
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um.
Bowman'
smembr
aneandDescemet
'
smembr
anear
eacel
l
ul
ar
.Themaj
or
i
t
yoft
hecor
neai
s
f
r
om t
hesubst
ant
i
apr
opr
i
a.Theendot
hel
i
um i
sasi
mpl
eepi
t
hel
i
um.
5.
Howmanyl
ay
er
soft
i
ssuecomposet
heey
ebal
l
?
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
e.5
Answer
:c
Theey
ebal
lhast
hr
eel
ay
er
s.Thei
nner
mostl
ay
eri
st
her
et
i
na.Themi
ddl
el
ay
eri
st
heuv
ea.
Theout
erl
ay
eri
st
hescl
er
aandcor
nea.
6.
Whatt
y
peofgl
andsar
et
hegl
andsofMol
l
?
a.Endocr
i
negl
and
b.Apocr
i
nesweatgl
and
c.Oi
lgl
and
d.Sebaceousgl
ands
e.Eccr
i
nesweatgl
and
Answer
:b
Thegl
andsofMol
li
nt
heey
el
i
dar
eapocr
i
nesweatgl
ands.
7.
Whi
chst
r
uct
ur
ei
spar
tt
heuv
ea?
a.Or
aser
r
at
a
b.Pi
gment
edepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Cor
nea
d.Scl
er
a
e.Ci
l
i
ar
ybody
Answer
:e
Theuv
eai
st
hemi
ddl
el
ay
eroft
heey
ebal
l
.I
tconsi
st
soft
hei
r
i
s,
chor
oi
dandci
l
i
ar
ybody
.
8.
Whati
st
hespaceant
er
i
ort
ot
hel
ens?
a.Ant
er
i
orchamber
b.Post
er
i
orchamber
c.Vi
t
r
ealcav
i
t
y
d.Bot
haandb
e.Al
lofa,
b,
andc
Answer
:d
Ther
egi
onbehi
ndt
hel
ensi
st
hev
i
t
r
eal
cav
i
t
y
.Thechamber
sant
er
i
ort
ot
hel
ensar
et
he
ant
er
i
orchamberandpost
er
i
orchamber
.Thei
r
i
ssepar
at
est
heant
er
i
orchamberf
r
om t
he
post
er
i
orchamber
.
9.
Whati
st
hev
ascul
arpi
gment
edst
r
uct
ur
e?
a.Chor
oi
d
b.Ci
l
i
ar
ybody
c.I
r
i
s
d.Or
aser
r
at
a
e.Lens
Answer
:a
Thev
ascul
arpi
gment
edst
r
uct
ur
eoft
heuv
eai
st
hechor
oi
d.Theci
l
i
ar
ybodycont
ai
nst
he
ci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
e.Theci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
ei
sr
esponsi
bl
ef
oradj
ust
i
ngt
hel
ens.Themostant
er
i
or
por
t
i
onoft
heuv
eai
st
hei
r
i
s.Theant
er
i
orpi
gment
edpor
t
i
onoft
her
et
i
nai
scal
l
edt
heor
a
ser
r
at
a.Thescl
er
ai
st
he"
whi
t
eoft
heey
e"
.
10.
Whatt
y
peofepi
t
hel
i
um i
sont
hesur
f
aceoft
hecor
nea?
a.Si
mpl
esquamous
b.St
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamous
c.Si
mpl
ecuboi
dal
d.Si
mpl
ecol
umnar
e.Tr
ansi
t
i
onalepi
t
hel
i
um
Answer
:b
Thesur
f
aceoft
hecor
neai
scov
er
edbyanonker
at
i
ni
zedst
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um.
Speci
al
SensesTest4
1.
Whatst
r
uct
ur
ewasCr
y
st
alGay
l
er
ef
er
r
i
ngt
owhenshesang,
"
Don'
ti
tmakemybr
owney
es
bl
ue"
?
a.Pupi
l
b.Lens
c.Cor
nea
d.I
r
i
s
e.Ret
i
na
Answer
:d
Thei
r
i
si
st
hecol
or
edpar
toft
heey
es.
2.
Whatmakesupt
hebul
koft
hecor
nea?
a.Pur
ki
nj
ef
i
ber
s
b.My
of
i
br
i
l
s
c.El
ast
i
cf
i
ber
s
d.Ret
i
cul
arf
i
ber
s
e.Col
l
agenf
i
ber
s
Answer
:e
Thecor
neai
scomposedpr
i
mar
i
l
yofcol
l
agenf
i
ber
s.
3.
Whati
st
hemi
ddl
el
ay
eroft
heey
ebal
l
?
a.Uv
ea
b.Rods
c.Cones
d.Bi
pol
arcel
l
s
e.Gangl
i
oncel
l
s
Answer
:a
Theey
ebal
lhast
hr
eel
ay
er
s.Thei
nner
mostl
ay
eri
st
her
et
i
na.Themi
ddl
el
ay
eri
st
heuv
ea.
Theout
erl
ay
eri
st
hescl
er
aandcor
nea.
Ther
et
i
naconsi
st
soft
her
ods,
cones,
bi
pol
arcel
l
s,
gangl
i
oncel
l
s,
hor
i
zont
alcel
l
s,
and
amacr
i
necel
l
s.Ther
ecept
or
sf
orv
i
si
onar
et
her
odsandcones.Ther
odsar
el
ocat
edont
he
per
i
pher
y
,
andar
enotcol
orsensi
t
i
v
e.Theconesar
et
her
ecept
or
sf
orcol
or
.
4.
Whati
st
heant
er
i
orpi
gment
edpor
t
i
onoft
her
et
i
nacal
l
ed?
a.Chor
oi
d
b.Ci
l
i
ar
ybody
c.I
r
i
s
d.Or
aser
r
at
a
e.Scl
er
a
Answer
:d
Thev
ascul
arpi
gment
edst
r
uct
ur
eoft
heuv
eai
st
hechor
oi
d.Theci
l
i
ar
ybodycont
ai
nst
he
ci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
e.Theci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
ei
sr
esponsi
bl
ef
oradj
ust
i
ngt
hel
ens.Themostant
er
i
or
por
t
i
onoft
heuv
eai
st
hei
r
i
s.Theant
er
i
orpi
gment
edpor
t
i
onoft
her
et
i
nai
scal
l
edt
heor
a
ser
r
at
a.Thescl
er
ai
st
he"
whi
t
eoft
heey
e"
.
5.
Whi
choneoft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
snotf
oundi
nt
her
et
i
na?
a.Henl
e'
sl
ay
er
b.Bi
pol
arcel
l
s
c.Amacr
i
necel
l
s
d.Rods
e.Gangl
i
oncel
l
s
Answer
:a
Bi
pol
arcel
l
s,
amacr
i
necel
l
s,
r
ods,
andgangl
i
oncel
l
sar
eal
lpar
toft
her
et
i
na.
Henl
e'
sl
ay
eri
sal
ay
eri
nt
hehai
rf
ol
l
i
cl
e.
6.
Whi
chst
r
uct
ur
ei
spar
tt
heuv
ea?
a.Or
aser
r
at
a
b.Pi
gment
edepi
t
hel
i
um
c.Chor
oi
d
d.Cor
nea
e.Scl
er
a
Answer
:c
Theuv
eai
st
hemi
ddl
el
ay
eroft
heey
ebal
l
.I
tconsi
st
soft
hei
r
i
s,
chor
oi
dandci
l
i
ar
ybody
.
7.
Whati
st
hespacepost
er
i
ort
ot
hel
ens?
a.Ant
er
i
orchamber
b.Post
er
i
orchamber
c.Vi
t
r
ealcav
i
t
y
d.Bot
haandb
e.Al
lofa,
b,
andc
Answer
:c
Ther
egi
onbehi
ndt
hel
ensi
st
hev
i
t
r
eal
cav
i
t
y
.Thechamber
sant
er
i
ort
ot
hel
ensar
et
he
ant
er
i
orchamberandpost
er
i
orchamber
.Thei
r
i
ssepar
at
est
heant
er
i
orchamberf
r
om t
he
post
er
i
orchamber
.
8.
Wher
ei
st
hebl
i
ndspot
?
a.Ci
l
i
ar
ybody
b.Opt
i
cdi
sc
c.Fov
eacent
r
al
i
s
d.Lami
nav
i
t
r
ea
e.Lami
nacr
i
br
osa
Answer
:b
Theci
l
i
ar
ybodyi
sat
hi
ckeni
ngi
nt
heuv
ea.I
tcont
ai
nst
heci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
e.
Thesi
t
ewher
et
heopt
i
cner
v
el
eav
est
heey
ebal
l
i
st
heopt
i
cdi
sc.Thi
sr
egi
oni
sal
socal
l
ed
t
heanat
omi
calbl
i
ndspot
.Si
ncet
her
ear
enophot
or
ecept
or
satt
hi
sspot
,
i
tcausesabl
i
nd
spoti
nt
hev
i
sual
f
i
el
d.
Thef
ov
eacent
r
al
i
si
spar
toft
her
et
i
na.Ther
ear
eonl
yconecel
l
si
nt
hef
ov
eacent
r
al
i
s.I
ti
s
t
hesi
t
ef
ormaxi
mal
v
i
sualacui
t
y
.
Thei
nnerl
ay
eroft
hechor
oi
di
st
hel
ami
nav
i
t
r
ea.Thel
ami
nav
i
t
r
eai
sal
sor
ef
er
r
edt
oas
Br
uch'
smembr
ane.
Thel
ami
nacr
i
br
osaar
esmal
lopeni
ngswi
t
hi
nt
hescl
er
awher
et
hef
i
ber
sf
or
mi
ngt
heopt
i
c
ner
v
et
r
av
elt
hr
ough.
9.
Howmanyl
ay
er
sdoest
her
et
i
nahav
e?
a.1
b.2
c.4
d.5
e.10
Answer
:e
Ther
ear
et
enl
ay
er
st
ot
her
et
i
na.
10.
Whi
choft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
sNOTal
ay
eroft
hecor
nea?
a.Bowman'
smembr
ane
b.Subst
ant
i
apr
opr
i
a
c.Descemet
'
smembr
ane
d.Lami
nav
i
t
r
ea
e.Endot
hel
i
um
Answer
:d
Ther
ear
ef
i
v
el
ay
er
st
ot
hecor
nea:epi
t
hel
i
um,
Bowman'
smembr
ane,
subst
ant
i
apr
opr
i
a,
Descemet
'
smembr
ane,
andendot
hel
i
um.
Thesur
f
aceoft
hecor
neai
scov
er
edbyanonker
at
i
ni
zedst
r
at
i
f
i
edsquamousepi
t
hel
i
um.
Bowman'
smembr
aneandDescemet
'
smembr
anear
eacel
l
ul
ar
.Themaj
or
i
t
yoft
hecor
neai
s
f
r
om t
hesubst
ant
i
apr
opr
i
a.Theendot
hel
i
um i
sasi
mpl
eepi
t
hel
i
um.
Thei
nnerl
ay
eroft
hechor
oi
di
st
hel
ami
nav
i
t
r
ea.Thel
ami
nav
i
t
r
eai
sal
sor
ef
er
r
edt
oas
Br
uch'
smembr
ane.
Speci
al
SensesTest5
1.
Wher
eont
her
et
i
naar
et
her
enophot
or
ecept
or
s?
a.Ci
l
i
ar
ybody
b.Opt
i
cdi
sc
c.Fov
eacent
r
al
i
s
d.Lami
nav
i
t
r
ea
e.Lami
nacr
i
br
osa
Answer
:b
Theci
l
i
ar
ybodyi
sat
hi
ckeni
ngi
nt
heuv
ea.I
tcont
ai
nst
heci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
e.
Thesi
t
ewher
et
heopt
i
cner
v
el
eav
est
heey
ebal
l
i
st
heopt
i
cdi
sc.Thi
sr
egi
oni
sal
socal
l
ed
t
heanat
omi
calbl
i
ndspot
.Si
ncet
her
ear
enophot
or
ecept
or
satt
hi
sspot
,
i
tcausesabl
i
nd
spoti
nt
hev
i
sual
f
i
el
d.
Thef
ov
eacent
r
al
i
si
spar
toft
her
et
i
na.Ther
ear
eonl
yconecel
l
si
nt
hef
ov
eacent
r
al
i
s.I
ti
s
t
hesi
t
ef
ormaxi
mal
v
i
sualacui
t
y
.
Thei
nnerl
ay
eroft
hechor
oi
di
st
hel
ami
nav
i
t
r
ea.Thel
ami
nav
i
t
r
eai
sal
sor
ef
er
r
edt
oas
Br
uch'
smembr
ane.
Thel
ami
nacr
i
br
osaar
esmal
lopeni
ngswi
t
hi
nt
hescl
er
awher
et
hef
i
ber
sf
or
mi
ngt
heopt
i
c
ner
v
et
r
av
elt
hr
ough.
2.
Whatmakesupt
hebul
koft
hescl
er
a?
a.Pur
ki
nj
ef
i
ber
s
b.My
of
i
br
i
l
s
c.El
ast
i
cf
i
ber
s
d.Ret
i
cul
arf
i
ber
s
e.Col
l
agenf
i
ber
s
Answer
:e
Thescl
er
ai
scomposedpr
i
mar
i
l
yofcol
l
agenf
i
ber
s.
3.
Whi
chi
sNOTpar
toft
her
et
i
na?
a.Rods
b.Cones
c.Bi
pol
arcel
l
s
d.Gangl
i
oncel
l
s
e.Uv
ea
Answer
:e
Theey
ebal
lhast
hr
eel
ay
er
s.Thei
nner
mostl
ay
eri
st
her
et
i
na.Themi
ddl
el
ay
eri
st
heuv
ea.
Theout
erl
ay
eri
st
hescl
er
aandcor
nea.
Ther
et
i
naconsi
st
soft
her
ods,
cones,
bi
pol
arcel
l
s,
gangl
i
oncel
l
s,
hor
i
zont
alcel
l
s,
and
amacr
i
necel
l
s.Ther
ecept
or
sf
orv
i
si
onar
et
her
odsandcones.Ther
odsar
el
ocat
edont
he
per
i
pher
y
,
andar
enotcol
orsensi
t
i
v
e.Theconesar
et
her
ecept
or
sf
orcol
or
.
4.
Whati
st
hemostant
er
i
orpor
t
i
onoft
heuv
ea?
a.Chor
oi
d
b.Ci
l
i
ar
ybody
c.I
r
i
s
d.Or
aser
r
at
a
e.Scl
er
a
Answer
:c
Thev
ascul
arpi
gment
edst
r
uct
ur
eoft
heuv
eai
st
hechor
oi
d.Theci
l
i
ar
ybodycont
ai
nst
he
ci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
e.Theci
l
i
ar
ymuscl
ei
sr
esponsi
bl
ef
oradj
ust
i
ngt
hel
ens.Themostant
er
i
or
por
t
i
onoft
heuv
eai
st
hei
r
i
s.Theant
er
i
orpi
gment
edpor
t
i
onoft
her
et
i
nai
scal
l
edt
heor
a
ser
r
at
a.Thescl
er
ai
st
he"
whi
t
eoft
heey
e"
.
5.
Whi
choneoft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngi
snotf
oundi
nt
her
et
i
na?
a.Pi
gmentepi
t
hel
i
um
b.Mul
l
er
'
scel
l
s
c.Huxl
ey
'
sl
ay
er
d.Hor
i
zont
alcel
l
s
e.Cones
Answer
:c
Pi
gmentepi
t
hel
i
um,
Mul
l
er
'
scel
l
s,
hor
i
zont
al
cel
l
s,
andconescel
l
sar
eal
lpar
toft
her
et
i
na.
Huxl
ey
'
sl
ay
eri
sal
ay
eri
nt
hehai
rf
ol
l
i
cl
e.
6.
Whi
chst
r
uct
ur
ei
spar
tt
heuv
ea?
a.Scl
er
a
b.I
r
i
s
c.Or
aser
r
at
a
d.Pi
gment
edepi
t
hel
i
um
e.Cor
nea
Answer
:b
Theuv
eai
st
hemi
ddl
el
ay
eroft
heey
ebal
l
.I
tconsi
st
soft
hei
r
i
s,
chor
oi
dandci
l
i
ar
ybody
.
7.
Whati
st
hespacepost
er
i
ort
ot
hei
r
i
s?
a.Ant
er
i
orchamber
b.Post
er
i
orchamber
c.Vi
t
r
ealcav
i
t
y
d.Bot
haandb
e.Al
lofa,
b,
andc
Answer
:b
Ther
egi
onbehi
ndt
hel
ensi
st
hev
i
t
r
eal
cav
i
t
y
.Thechamber
sant
er
i
ort
ot
hel
ensar
et
he
ant
er
i
orchamberandpost
er
i
orchamber
.Thei
r
i
ssepar
at
est
heant
er
i
orchamberf
r
om t
he
post
er
i
orchamber
.
Speci
al
SensesTest6
1.
Whati
swi
t
hi
nt
hemembr
anousl
aby
r
i
nt
h?
a.Ly
mph
b.Bl
ood
c.Endol
y
mph
d.Per
i
l
y
mph
e.Ai
r
Answer
:c
2.
Whati
swi
t
hi
nt
hebonyl
aby
r
i
nt
h?
a.Ly
mph
b.Bl
ood
c.Endol
y
mph
d.Per
i
l
y
mph
e.Ai
r
Answer
:d
Themembr
anousl
aby
r
i
nt
hcont
ai
nsendol
y
mph.Thebonyl
aby
r
i
nt
hcont
ai
nsper
i
l
y
mph.
3.
Whi
chcont
ai
nsendol
y
mph?
a.Scal
av
est
i
bul
i
b.Scal
at
y
mpani
c.Cochl
earduct
d.Bot
haandb
e.Al
la,
b,
andc
Answer
:c
4.
Whi
chcont
ai
nsper
i
l
y
mph?
a.Scal
av
est
i
bul
i
b.Scal
at
y
mpani
c.Cochl
earduct
d.Bot
haandb
e.Al
la,
b,
andc
Answer
:d
Thescal
av
est
i
bul
iandscal
at
y
mpani
cont
ai
nper
i
l
y
mph.Thecochl
earductcont
ai
ns
endol
y
mph.
5.
Wher
ear
et
hesensor
yr
ecept
or
sf
orhear
i
ng?
a.Saccul
e
b.Ut
r
i
cl
e
c.Or
ganofCor
t
i
d.Semi
ci
r
cul
arcanal
s
e.Bot
haandb
Answer
:c
6.
Wher
ear
et
hesensor
yr
ecept
or
sf
ormov
ement
?
a.Saccul
e
b.Ut
r
i
cl
e
c.Or
ganofCor
t
i
d.Semi
ci
r
cul
arcanal
s
e.Bot
haandb
Answer
:d
7.
Wher
ear
et
hesensor
yr
ecept
or
sf
orposi
t
i
on?
a.Saccul
e
b.Ut
r
i
cl
e
c.Or
ganofCor
t
i
d.Semi
ci
r
cul
arcanal
s
e.Bot
haandb
Answer
:e
Ther
ecept
or
sf
orhear
i
ngar
el
ocat
edwi
t
hi
nt
heor
ganofCor
t
i
.Ther
ecept
or
sf
ormov
ement
ar
el
ocat
edwi
t
hi
nt
hesemi
ci
r
cul
arcanal
s.Ther
ecept
or
sf
orposi
t
i
onar
el
ocat
edwi
t
hi
nt
he
ut
r
i
cl
eandsaccul
e.
8.
Whatst
r
uct
ur
ei
sshapedl
i
keasnai
lshel
l
?
a.Saccul
e
b.Ut
r
i
cl
e
c.Or
ganofCor
t
i
d.Semi
ci
r
cul
arcanal
s
e.Cochl
ea
Answer
:e
9.
Wher
ei
st
heor
ganofCor
t
i
?
a.Saccul
e
b.Ut
r
i
cl
e
c.Cr
i
st
aampul
l
ar
i
s
d.Semi
ci
r
cul
arcanal
s
e.Cochl
ea
Answer
:e
Thecochl
eai
saspi
r
alshapedst
r
uct
ur
e.Wi
t
hi
nt
hecochl
eai
st
heor
ganofCor
t
i
.
10.
Whatsensat
i
ondoest
hecr
i
st
aampul
l
ar
i
sr
ecogni
ze?
a.Sound
b.Posi
t
i
on
c.Mov
ement
d.Vi
br
at
i
on
e.Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:c
Thecr
i
st
aampul
l
ar
i
si
st
her
ecept
orf
ormov
ement
.
11.
Whi
chcel
lt
y
pei
st
her
ecept
orcel
lwi
t
hi
nt
heor
ganofCor
t
i
?
a.Cel
l
sofHensen
b.Hai
rcel
l
s
c.I
nnerbor
dercel
l
s
d.Out
erphal
angeal
cel
l
s
e.I
nnerpi
l
l
arcel
l
s
Answer
:b
Thehai
rcel
l
sar
et
her
ecept
orcel
l
s.Theot
hercel
l
sar
esuppor
t
i
ngcel
l
s.