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Introduction to Science
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Introduction to Science
Science (L., scientia or scire, knowledge) – systematic knowledge based on facts,
observations and experimentations.
On the basis of fields it occupies, science is divided into three main categories – abstract
science, social science, and natural science.
Abstract science – study of relationship of magnitude and numbers, e.g., mathematics,
statistics, etc.
Social science – study of social activities of man based on traditions and reasoning, e.g.,
sociology, political science, economics, geography, and so on.
Natural science – also called basic science – study of facts of the nature.
Based on the nature of study, natural science is divided into two fields – physical science
and biological science.
Physical science – study of nonliving beings and natural phenomena governed by a set of
laws, e.g., physics, chemistry, geology, astronomy, meteorology, metallurgy, and so on.
Biological science – also called life science or biology – study of living beings.
On the basis of nature of study it occupies, science is further classified into two branches
– pure science and applied science.
Pure science – basic science with extension of knowledge, e.g., discovery, investigation,
research, invention, and so on.
Applied science – application of basic knowledge as a technology in the benefit of men
in physics, chemistry, geography, geology, astronomy, meteorology, metallurgy, and so on.
Similarly, based on the nature of study it occupies, biological science is also categorized
into two fields – pure biology and applied biology.
Pure biology – basic biology with extension of knowledge, e.g., discovery, investigation,
research, invention, and so on in biology.
Applied biology – application of basic knowledge of biology as a technology in the
benefit of men in agriculture, forestry, biotechnology, genetic engineering, and so on.
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