SYNOPSIS
1. Name of the Institute
:
Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Warananagar.
2. Name of the Course
:
M.Tech. Civil (Construction and Management.)
3. Name of the Student
:
Miss.Shital Madhukar Devakar.
(PRN-2018093271)
4. Date of Registration
:
August, 2018
5. Name of Guide
:
Prof. B. V. Birajdar
6. PG Registration No
:
SU/PGBUTR/Recog/31/15502,Dt.11/3/2014
7. Name of Dissertation
:
“Critical Study, Analysis and Suggestion for Labour
Productivity Improvement in Construction Industry”
8. Relevance :
Demolition waste is waste debris from destruction of a building. Certain
components of demolition waste such as plasterboard are hazardous once land filled as it is broken
down in landfill conditions releasing hydrogen sulfide, a toxic gas. Waste from individual house
construction or demolition.
Projections for building material requirement of the housing sector indicate a
shortage of aggregates up to 55,000 million m3. Additional 750 million m3 would be required for
achieving the targets of the road sector. Recycling of aggregate material from construction and
demolition waste may reduce the demand-supply gap in both these sectors. Government or local
authorities should make rules to sort the C & D waste before it is hauled away to landfills or other
waste treatment facilities. Hazardous materials may not be moved before the demolition is begun
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or before the authorities have ascertained that safety guidelines and restrictions have been followed
for handling and disposal of toxic elements as lead, asbestos or radioactive materials.
Central Pollution Control Board has estimated current quantum of solid waste generation
in India to the tune of 48 million Tons per annum of which waste from Construction Industry
accounts for 25%. Construction waste is bulky, heavy and is mostly unsuitable for disposal by
incineration or composting. The growing population in the country and requirement of land for
other uses has reduced the availability of land for waste disposal. Re-utilization or recycling is an
important strategy for management of such waste. Above all, the fast depleting reserves of
conventional natural aggregate has necessitated the use of recycling/ re-use technology in order to
be able to conserve the conventional natural aggregate for other important works. Apart from
mounting problems of waste management, other reasons which support adoption of reuse/
recycling strategy are reduced extraction of raw materials, reduced transportation cost, reduced
capital investment on raw materials, improved profits and reduced environmental impact.
Waste is generated at different stages of construction process. During construction activity,
excessive cement mix or concrete left after work is over due to rejection/ demolition caused by
change in design or wrong workmanship etc. Demolition of Pucca and Semi-Pucca buildings on
an average generates 500 and 300 kg/ square meters of waste respectively. Estimated waste
generation during construction is 40 to 60 Kg. per sq. m. Waste generation during renovation/
repair work is estimated to be 40 to 50 kg/square meters. Concrete appears in two forms in the
waste - Reinforced concrete (Structural elements of building) and foundations (non-reinforced
concrete). Excavations produce topsoil, clay, sand, and gravel. This may be either re-used as filler
at the same site after completion of excavation work or moved. Large quantum of bricks and
masonry mixed with cement, mortar or lime arise as waste during demolition. Stone arises during
excavations or by demolition of old buildings. Metal waste is generated during demolition in the
form of pipes, conduits, and light sheet material used in ventilation system, wires, and sanitary
fittings and as reinforcement in the concrete. Metals are recovered and recycled by re-melting.
Timber if in good condition from beams, window frames, doors, partitions and other fittings is
reused. However, wood used in construction is often treated with chemicals to prevent Termite
infestation and warrants special care during disposal. Other problems associated to wood waste
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are inclusion of jointing, nails, screws and fixings. Miscellaneous materials that arise as waste
include glass, plastic material, paper, etc. Quantities of different constituents of waste that arise
from Construction Industry in India are estimated as follows.
In general, in India, contractor executes construction project on a labour contract basis or
on turnkey basis. Small housing projects are executed by owners and are predominantly executed
on labour contract basis and strict supervision is required to control waste generation during
construction process. In this construction process waste generation ranges between 5 to 7%. In
larger projects, where execution is on turnkey basis or through one’s own team of professionals,
material wastage is within 3%.
In existing system Demolition waste is waste debris from destruction of a construction.
Construction industry in India generates about 10-12 million Tons of waste annually. While
Retrievable items like bricks, wood, metal, titles are recycled in India, Concrete and masonry waste
(>50% of total waste) are not recycled it create a huge loss for business. Services of demolition
contractor are taken when old building is to be demolished due to deterioration of the building or
to make way for construction of a new building. Demolition contractor specializes in planned
deconstruction so that recovery of good material can be maximized for re-use. Recovery rate varies
from 25% in old buildings to as high as 75% in new buildings. Items recovered during demolition
are sold in the market at a discount with respect to price of new material. Sometimes,
Woodcarvings and Marble structures are recovered from old buildings, which fetch very good
price as Antique piece in Domestic/ Export market. Although the responsibility of removing the
waste is primarily of the builder or the owner, it is usually assigned to the demolition contractor.
Items that cannot be re-used are disposed off to landfill site. Management of those solid wastes
which are sent to the landfill sites from various construction activities is the responsibility of
Municipal Bodies or health officers. Hard core material from demolition operation is required for
landfill activities to provide daily cover over domestic waste, bulk fill capping, hard standings etc.
Some Municipal Corporations require demolition waste for their landfill activities, while others
want to minimize it to prolong useful life of landfill sites. However, all respondents are unanimous
that in the long run, recycling of waste from construction industry is necessary in view of limited
landfill space and increasing quantum of demolition waste. In India Different constituents of waste
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are not segregated prior to disposal. For the segregation of these wastes, Municipal Authorities
incur cost of Rs.60 to Rs.80 per Ton of waste. Presently they are not levying any charges for this
waste segregation. Builders/ Owners bear the cost of transportation, which is at present between
Rs.250 to Rs.500 per truckload depending on the distance of demolition site from landfill area.
Though directives exist for disposal of waste to landfill areas, penal action against violators is
practically not take
The scope of the project is to know about the suitable wastage management hierarchy. To study
about Landfill, Recycling, Reduce and Reuse.
9. Literature Review:
1) LY Shen et al (2002) : Construction wastes have become the major source of solid
wastes in Hong Kong where construction and demolition activities generate
thousands of tonnes of solid wastes every year. The increasing generation of
construction wastes has caused significant impacts to the environment and aroused
growing public concern in the local community. Thus, the minimization of
construction wastes has become a pressing issue. This paper investigates the profile
of waste generation from applying different types of building materials to different
types of construction projects. It is considered that the application of various
building materials to different types of projects has different impacts to the size of
waste generation. Therefore, the paper attempts to identify the relations between
waste generation and the application of building materials to different types of
projects. Following this identification, proper methods are proposed to mitigate the
generation of wastes by adopting proper construction and management methods,
which allow the waste reduction from using building materials. Data from the
construction industry of Hong Kong are used for the analysis.
2) Markandeya Raju Ponnadaet al (2015) : Demolition waste is waste debris from
destruction of a construction. Construction industry in India generates about 10-12
million Tons of waste annually. While Retrievable items like bricks, wood, metal,
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titles are recycled in India, Concrete and masonry waste (>50% of total waste) are
not recycled. A defined manual is not available with regulatory authorities for
effective management of Construction and Demolition (C & D) waste. Authorities
sometimes make rules but often fail in implementing them. This report is expected
to be a pilot study towards preparation of such a manual. The objective of this study
is to compile relevant literature which will give an insight into demolition waste
management strategies of different countries and role of regulatory authorities in
demolition waste management. The paper also studies the properties of demolition
waste, its hazardous effects and suggests safe recycling/reuse/disposal methods.
Based on the study, A C & D Waste management plan was formulated. For
effective use of C & D, it essential that the local governing bodies make the
submission and implementation of this plan mandatory. This would go a long way
in the reduction of Environmental Pollution due to Construction and Demolition
waste.
3) Vivian W. Y. Tam and C. M. Tam et al (2006) : Environmental problems have
been considered as a serious situation in Hong Kong, in which waste management
is pressing harder in comparing with the practices of air, water and noise pollution.
Reuse, recycling and reduce the construction materials has been encouraged for
many years; however, it is still not used for many construction site activities. In
motivating the construction workers to implement the reusing, recycling and
reducing construction materials, reward scheme is used for measuring the results in
the implementation and encouraging the practices of it. Furthermore, with the
proposing landfill-charging scheme for the construction environment, contractors
will push to reduce the waste generated by training and education. This paper
examines the cost benefit for the organization, in which to encourage the workers
by Stepwise Incentive System (SIS) for measuring the cost saving on purchasing
material and waste generation. The procedures in the SIS will be provided. In order
to verify the wastage reduction after adopting SIS, a local case study is undertaken.
It proved that SIS can help reduce wastage generation up to 23.60%. Some
difficulties and recommendations had also been suggested.
4) Md. Shahkar Masoom et al (2017) : The term recycling is an important for the
environmental benefits; in addition to environmental benefits the recycling can
have economic benefit also. It plays an important role. Growing demands of
economy, population, and development for any country, they all needs to recycling
or demolition of old outdated structures or building. Recycling of construction
material is the separation of recoverable waste material which generated during the
construction and remodeling. Due to recycling methods it reduce the demand up on
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new resources. In day today life renovation and renewal projects are very common
and it’s obvious all these projects generate waste. Recycling on site can reduce
material handling and disposal costs.The recycling of construction material is an
important attempt in reducing the cost of production of new material and also useful
in reducing the consumption of natural resources and as well as reduce usage of
landfills. This paper is mostly based on, importance of recycling, we proposed to
how to recycling process is done in efficient manner waste material to convert
useful raw materials and every organization follows their particular strategies and
profitable resources.
5) Sawant Surendra B., Hedaoo Manoj, Kumthekar Madhav et al (2016)
Construction is a vital connection to the infrastructure and growth of industry in
India. Building roads, bridges and other constructed facilities play an important role
in shaping society’s future. Now days the increased economic as well as
urbanization in India have lead into extensive construction activities that generate
large amount of waste material in construction projects resulted into
environmentally unfriendly and costly to project budgets. So the management of
construction waste plays important role in the cost of project. This paper aimed to
estimate the cost of construction waste and its impact on cost of project and also
attempts to suggest recommendations to the construction industry to maximize the
profits and minimize the construction waste.
6) Mr. Navdeep K Shinde et al (2016) : Demolition waste is waste debris from
destruction of a building. The debris varies from insulation, electrical wiring, rebar,
wood, concrete and brick. India has established itself as one of the world's fastest
growing economies and this growth has brought with it a significant boost in
construction activities. With the rapid growth in construction activities, it is
important to assess the amount of demolition construction waste being generated
and analyse the practices needed to handle waste in order to propose a sustainable
construction approach. The paper provides a forecasting, overview and
management of waste generated from demolition of residential building. The
project gives an overview of the current status as well as the future potential for
waste minimization, explores how waste management practices can be effectively
implemented.
7) Khyomesh V. Patel et al (2011) : This paper is written to fill a void created by
the absence of proper materials management on construction sites. To managing a
productive and cost efficient site efficient material management is very essential.
Research has shown that construction materials and equipment may constitute more
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than 70% of the total cost for a typical construction project. Therefore the proper
management of this single largest component can improve the productivity and cost
efficiency of a project and help ensure its timely completion. One of the major
problems in delaying construction projects is poor materials and equipment
management. This paper describes the main results of survey carried out in
Ahmedabad that investigated the material management of 3 wellknown builders of
Ahmedabad.
8) Mahesh D. Meghani et al (2011) In Construction, 4-M (Material, Manpower,
Money,Machine) play crucial role. Material waste has been recognized as a major
problem in the construction industry. This paper describes the main results of
research studies carried out in Anand (Gujatrat) India that investigated the
occurrence of material waste at 5 building sites located in different location of the
Anand in India .Most of this waste can be avoided by strict supervision and control
of material. The main causes of waste and necessary suggestion for reduce waste
are discussed on this paper.
9) Sasitharan Nagapan et al (2016) : Rapid growth in construction activities
increases construction waste problems around the world. Construction waste gives
a negative impact to the environment, costs, time, productivity and social of
country. To reduce these negative impacts, it needs a comprehensive understanding
of the construction waste generation and management. This paper identifies various
causative factors of construction waste existing in construction field activities. The
common causes of construction waste were identified from past research papers.
The causes of construction waste are matrix and found that 63 waste factors existed
in construction activities. The waste causes were grouped into the seven categories:
Design, Handling, Worker, Management, Site condition, Procurement and
External. The frequency of the causative factor in each category was determined
based on the deduction from past research works that were considered. The highest
frequency as indicated by most researchers is a frequent design change that
contributes to large generation of construction waste. Meanwhile, factors from each
category are also determined. Through identifying the important causes,
construction industries players can avoid and alert about how the waste was
generated. It will gives a great benefit for country in term of economic, social and
protection of the environment.
10) Minaxi Rani1 et al (2016) : India is a developing country where the growth
rate is increasing and side by side waste material is also increased so there is a
need of the management of waste material in India. Due to the increase in
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population, IT sector, new infrastructure projects and industrialization, the
construction industry has shown very fast growth. Builders face the problem of
financial difficulty due to the excessively material wastage in construction
projects. The harmful effect of the waste material is on our general environment,
philosophy of art, beauty and on our health. There are excessively wastage of
material, inappropriate management of material and low awareness about
reduction and proper utilization of waste material is very common in the local
constructions sites in India. It is very economically expedient to recycling up to
80-85% of the total amounts of construction waste by the European countries. The
Recycling technologies are used by them are very easy to apply and control the
wastage of the material. There is a need to the management of the waste material
because they play very harmful role in our country, in many cities waste material
management is very big problem. There is no proper estimation of waste material
in India because of the indisciplinary, less focused on this issue and absence of
regulatory and strict administration. In this paper we are discussing about the
method for the management and control of waste construction materials. The
main objective of this work is to know about the sources of waste generation in
the construction industry, to study about construction and demolition waste
management, how to reduce the wastage and process of reducing the the wastage
etc. With the reduction of the wastage sources of the material is also increased,
demand of increased population is also fulfilled and limited resources are also
used. Additional sources of waste generation as those already known, such as a
lack of attention paid to the sizes of the used products, lack of influence of
contractors, and lack of knowledge about construction during design activities. A
significant part of waste generation is caused by the building and construction
industry. Reduction of construction waste is therefore a major topic of the todays
government all over the world. Construction companies benefit from reduced
waste generation by lower deposition costs and lower purchasing costs of virgin
materials. An overview is being presented of the main policy areas government
concerning sustainability. This paper gives more focus on the importance of
reduce, recur and recycle means concept of 3R for the management of the waste
material.
10. Objectives :

To study demolition waste management on different site
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
To study business profitability using demolition waste management in India.

To suggest improved methods of recycling/reuse/disposal of demolition waste

To suggest the modifications required for demolition waste disposal

To minimize the risk which pose to environment

To conserve natural industrial or construction materiaal.
11. Methodology:
Following methodology will be adopted 
Collection of preliminary information through literature survey.

Preparation of questionnaire for assessing current situation of construction site

To describe the major problems with the help of collected data.

Analysis of questionnaire survey from data collected through construction site.

Defining the problem that affect the most.

Suggesting best recommendations to in construction industry.
12. Expected Outcome:
The aim of this study is to analyze and assess the importance of the reuse and
recycling of aggregate material from construction and demolitation waste. The main aim
of our project was regarding research and development (R&D) of construction and
demolition(C&D) waste by further studying its properties in detail at Construction Site.
13. Facilities Available:

The internet access is available in Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Warananagar.

Library facilities are available in Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Warananagar.
14. Expected Date of Completion: May 2020.
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15. Project Expenditure: Rs.30, 000/16. Reference :
[1]A.Mueller, “Determination of the composition of C&D recycled aggregates”, Bauhaus
Universität Weimar, Chair of Mineral Processing of Building Materials and Reuse Couydrastr. 7,
D-99421, Weimar, Germany E-mail: anette-m.mueller@bauing.uni-weimar.de1.
[2]http://www.environmentdesignguide.com.au/pages//contnt/cas--case-studies/cas-50australian-ethical-investment headquarters-6-star-green-star-office-refurbishment canberra.php.
[3]www.tjcog.dst.nc.us/cdwaste.htm#wastespec
Governments (NC).
Source/author:
Triangle
J
Council
of
[4]www.ciwmb.ca.gov/ConDemo/Specs/
Source/author:
California
Integrated
Waste
Management Board.www.wbdg.org/design/index.php?cn=4.3.4&cx=0 Source/Author: Whole
Building Design Guide.
[5]www.epa.gov/rtp/new-bldg/environmental/s_01690.htm Source/author: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
[6] www.stopwaste.org/fsbuild.html Source/author: Alameda County Waste Management
Authority.
[7]Job Thomas, Wilson P. M., “Construction Waste Management In India”American Journal of
Engineering Research (AJER) E-ISSN: 2320- 0847 P-ISSN: 2320-0936, Volume-2, pp.06-09.
[8]KarrarRaoof Kareem, R.K. Pandey, “Study of Management and Control of Waste Construction
Materials in Civil Construction Project”International Journal of Engineering and Advanced
Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-2, Issue-3, February 2013.
[9]Gokulnath V, Janani K, “Material Waste Management in ConstructionSites” Research Paper
Engineering Volume: 3, Issue: 11, Nov 2013, ISSN - 2249-555X.
[10]GunalaanVasudevan, Tunku Abdul Rahman, “Study on the Demolition Waste Management
in Malaysia Construction Industry” International Journal of Scientific Engineering and
Technology (ISSN : 2277-1581) Volume No.4, Issue No.3, pp.131-135.
[11]A. Mueller, “Determination of the composition of C&D recycled aggregates”, Bauhaus
Universität Weimar, Chair of Mineral Processing of Building Materials and Reuse Couydrastr. 7,
D-99421, Weimar, Germany .
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[12]http://www.environmentdesignguide.com.au/pages//content/cas--case-studies/cas-50australian-ethical-investment-headquarters-6-star-green-star-office-refurbishment-canberra.php.
[13] www.tjcog.dst.nc.us/cdwaste.htm#wastespec Source/author: Triangle J Council of
Governments (NC).
[14] www.ciwmb.ca.gov/ConDemo/Specs/ Source/author: California Integrated Waste
Management Board.www.wbdg.org/design/index.php?cn=4.3.4&cx=0 Source/Author: Whole
Building Design Guide.
[15] www.epa.gov/rtp/new-bldg/environmental/s_01690.htm Source/author: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
Websites:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
https://www.Asce.org
https://www.sciencedirect.com
https://www.irjet.net
https://www.ijrti.org
16. Undertaking of Guide:
Information given by student is correct and the said facilities are available in colleges.
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Sign of Student
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Sign of Guide
(Prof. B.V.Birajdar)
Miss. Shital Madhukar Devkar
Student
M.Tech- II Civil (Construction and Management)
Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of
Engineering & Technology,
Warananagar.
Prof. L. B. Patkure.
Head
Department of Civil Engg.
Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of
Engineering & Technology,
Warananagar.
Prof. B.V.Birajdar
Guide
Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of
Engineering & Technology,
Warananagar.
Dr. S. V. Anekar
Principal
Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of
Engineering & Technology,
Warananagar.
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