WMSU
9:00-12:00PM (Sunday)
College of Public Administration and Development Studies
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WMSU
The principles of
scientific
management
Prepared by: LAIZEL ANN S.
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TAHIL
SCOPE OF PRESENTATION
I. Objectives
II. Introduction
III. Brief History of F.W. Taylor
IV. Scientific Management
V. Principles of Scientific Management
VI. Techniques of Taylorism
VII. Conclusion
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OBJECTIVES
At the end of the discussion, we will able to:
a. Understand the Principles of Scientific Management;
b. Identify the Principle of Scientific Management in an
organization; and
c. Application of Taylorism Theory in an organization.
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- A process of planning, decision making,
organizing, leading, motivating, and
controlling the human resources,
financial, physical, and information
resources of an organization to reach its
goals efficiently and effectively.
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Management in Pre-Industrial Age
- It is the art of getting things done through people
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Industrial Revolution in the late 18th Century
▪ Industry = Work; Revolution = Rapid
Change
▪ Farms to factories
▪ Machine power substituted human
power
▪ Someone to forecast and handle the
entire task (managers)
▪ Emerging issues during this time
?
How are we going to organize all of this
How are we going to maximize productivity
How are we going to manage these people
working together
One of the Founding Fathers of Classical Management Theory
Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 – 1915)
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Frederick Winslow Taylor (20 March 1856-21 March 1915)
❖ American mechanical engineer and
management consultant
❖ Sought to improve industrial efficiency
❖ Wanted to make organization more
standardized, efficient, and productive
❖ One of the Founding Fathers of
Classical Management Theory
❖ Father of Scientific Management
❖ Published “Principles of Scientific
Management‟ in 1911
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Prior to Scientific Management
▪ Taylor observed the
phenomenon of workers’
▪ Soldiering: workers
deliberately do as little as
possible
▪ Universal belief among
workers
▪ Non-incentive wage
systems
▪ Rule-of-thumb management
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“It is the art knowing exactly what do you want men to do and then
seeing they do it in the best and cheapest way.” – F.W. Taylor
✓ Application of scientific principles for studying task carefully and
systematically at the micro level to speed up work
✓ Seeks to improve an organization’s efficiency
✓ Wanted to find the “one right way” to do every single task
✓ Scientific Management is also known as Taylorism
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Principles of Scientific Management
S
H
C
D
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Principles of Scientific Management
1.
SCIENCE, not Rule-of-thumb
-Replace working by rule-ofthumb and instead use the
scientific approach to study
work and determine the most
efficient way to perform
specific tasks
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Principles of Scientific Management
2.
HARMONY, not Discord
-This principle states that
there should be harmony
between the management &
the workers. This requires
change of mental attitudes of
the workers & the
management towards each
other.
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Principles of Scientific Management
3.
COOPERATION, not Individualism
-This principle emphasizes
cooperation between workers
and management. Mutual
confidence and sense of
goodwill should prevail
among both managers as well
as workers
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Principles of Scientific Management
4. DEVELOPMENT OF EACH & EVERY PERSON
TO HIS/HER GREATEST EFFICIENCY &
PROSPERITY
-This principle states that
organizations must appoint such
people who possess the mental,
physical, and intellectual
capabilities required for the job.
It must also train employees if
needed to improve their
productivity and achieve growth.
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Taylor developed number of techniques to facilitate scientific
management
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Techniques of Scientific Management
1. Functional Foremanship - division of factory into two departments
(Planning and Production)
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Techniques of Scientific Management
2. Standardization and simplification
✓ Standardization means maintaining
standard size, weight, type, measure
and quality of a product and standard
amount of work
✓ Simplification means eliminating
unnecessary diversity of product size
and types
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Techniques of Scientific Management
3. Scientific Study of Work
✓ Conduct the deep analysis of all the
activities being performed in the
organization with the aim of producing
maximum possible quality output at
minimum costs
•
•
•
•
Method Study
Motion Study
Time Study
Fatigue Study
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Techniques of Scientific Management
4. Differential Wage System/ Differential Piece Rate
✓ Adoption of differential wage systems in order to motivate the employees.
According to this system, wages are paid on the basis of work done and
not on the basis of time spent in doing the work.
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Techniques of Scientific Management
5. Mental Revolution
✓ According to Taylor, instead fighting over divisions of profits, both the
managers and workers should make efforts for increasing profit.
✓ It is the change in mental attitude of workers and management towards
each other. Must establish cooperation between worker and employers
and develop positive thinking among each other
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Conclusion
▪
From Personal Human Resource to Human Capital Resource.
▪
Scientific management has come up with methods of production that are most
effective and cheap.
▪
Taylor has substantially contributed to today’s human resources management,
his theories form a basis for personnel selection in an organization, being one
of the most important functions of personnel management.
▪
Although he has been criticized for putting the human factor into the
background.
▪
Taylor was effective in the development of long-term employment by suggesting
recruiting the personnel utilizing principles of scientific management.
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THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING! ☺
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