THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR
NEW CAMPUS, BAHAWALPUR.
(DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES)
ONLINE ASSIGNMENT
 Subject:
Advance Research Methods
 Class:
MS (Management Sciences)
 Semester:
1st
 Section:
B
 Topic:
Use of Moderator in Study
SUBMITTED TO:
 Honourable Madam,
Dr. Maria Hassan
Assistant Professor
Management Sciences Departt
I.U.B Bahawalpur.
SUBMITTED BY:
 Name:
 Registration:
Waseem Abbas
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Assignment: Use of Moderator in Study
Definition: A moderator variable is a qualitative or quantitative variable that
affects the direction and/or strength of the relationship between an independent
or predictor variable and a dependent or criterion variable. In research, in order
to infer that a variable is a moderating variable, there must be a significant
statistical interaction between the predictor and the moderator.
Explanation: Moderating variables affects the relationship between Independent
variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV) in either way i.e. positively or
negatively. It means moderators either enhances or weakens the relationship
between IV and DV.
Use of Moderator in Our Study: Typically, in our study, moderating variable is
also affecting the relationship between variables that is explained as depicted
below.
Supervision
+ (Positive)
Biometric
Attendance
System
Organizational
Performance
±
Explanation: Biometric systems can be used as a stand-alone system or
integrated with other security technologies such as smart cards, encryption
keys, and digital signatures to operate in either authentication or identification
mode. Typically, most biometric systems are used for either authentication or
identification purposes.
Biometric attendance system is crucial especially at low & middle level of
management. It is also well established that supervision over biometric system
will definitely increase the performance of any organization so, in our study
relevant to implementation of biometric system, the moderator is supervision of
management.