DentKing DS1 01) Summer - Human Structure Lecture Notes

Erector spinae O: {{c1::sacrum, ilium, ribs, and spinous processes of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae}}<div>I: Iliocostalis: {{c2::ribs}}</div><div>Longissimus: {{c3::ribs, transverse processes, mastoid process}}</div><div>Spinalis: {{c4::spinous processes}}</div><div>N: {{c5::dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves}} A: Unilateral - {{c6::ipsilateral flexion and rotation of the spine and head}} Bilateral - {{c7::extend the vertebral column and head}}</div>" <div><img src=""The-Erector-Spinae-of-the-Back.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 1172px; width: 768px;""></div>"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles Semispinalis capitis O: {{c1::Articular processes of vertebrae C4-C7, transverse processes of vertebrae T1-T6}}<div>I: {{c2::Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone}}</div><div>N: {{c3::Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves}}</div><div>A: {{c4::Extend and rotate the head, neck, and trunk}}</div>" <div><img src=""Ki1fT9WNTWDU6pd4O03A_Musculus_semispinalis_capitis_1.png"" style=""height: 606px; width: 800px;"" class=""""> </div>"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles Rotators O: {{c1::Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae}}<div>I: {{c2::Spinous processes}}</div><div>N: {{c3::Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves}}</div><div>A: {{c4::Extend and rotate the head, neck and trunk}}</div>" <div><img src=""NDaCQd2yIly10Kw7L3aOHQ.jpg"" style=""height: 500px; width: 436px;"" class=""""> </div>"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles Multifidus O: {{c1::sacrum, ilium, and transverse processes}}<div>I: {{c2::spinous processes}}</div><div>N: {{c3::Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves}}</div><div>A: {{c4::Extend and rotate the head, neck, and trunk}}</div>" <div><img src=""NDaCQd2yIly10Kw7L3aOHQ.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 500px; width: 436px;""> </div>"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles The {{c1::intertransversarii}} muscles run between adjacent transverse processes and aid in lateral flexion of the vertebral column."<div><img src=""NDaCQd2yIly10Kw7L3aOHQ.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 500px; width: 436px;""> </div>"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles Semispinalis cervicis O: {{c1::Transverse processes of T1-T6}}<div>I: {{c2::Spines of C2-C5}}</div><div>N: {{c3::Dorsal primary rami}}</div><div>A: {{c4::Extends and rotates the head, neck, and trunk}}</div>" <div><img src=""i3ghrm5WJJNIJiFMwf3sAw_Musculus_semispinalis_cervicis_1.png"" style=""height: 940px; width: 940px;"" class=""""> </div>"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles Semispinalis thoracis O: {{c1::Transverse processes of T6-T10}}<div>I: {{c2::Spines of C6-T4}}</div><div>N: {{c3::Dorsal Primary Rami}}</div><div>A: {{c4::Extends and rotate the head, neck, and trunk}}</div>" <div><img src=""wirx9aTLanofCsS8PuHvA_Musculus_semispinalis_thoracis_1.png"" style=""height: 940px; width: 940px;"" class=""""> </div>"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles The xiphoid process of the sternum is in the same axial plane as the {{c1::T9}} vertebraDentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra Unilateral contraction of muscles in the transversospinalis group will lead to vertebral column {{c1::rotation to the opposite side::movement}}DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles In anatomic position, the person is in the {{c1::standing/upright}} position with their palms facing {{c1::anteriorly}} and their penis {{c1::erect}}."<img src=""paste-df7b0d05aaa96cba07ab419eaf4360444191a440.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning A person who is lying on their back with their face facing upwards is in the {{c1::supine}} position"<img src=""paste-df7b0d05aaa96cba07ab419eaf4360444191a440.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning A person who is lying on their stomach with their face facing downwards is in the {{c1::prone}} position"<img src=""paste-df7b0d05aaa96cba07ab419eaf4360444191a440.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning The {{c1::median/mid-sagittal}} plane divides the body into equal left and right halves"<img src=""paste-bd4e8f308de8e3e071fd8752ac11a1eda247905e.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning The median plane of the hand goes through the {{c1::3rd}} digit"<img src=""paste-bd4e8f308de8e3e071fd8752ac11a1eda247905e.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning The median plane of the foot goes through the {{c1::2nd}} digit"<img src=""paste-bd4e8f308de8e3e071fd8752ac11a1eda247905e.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning The {{c1::saggital}} plane is any plane that is parallel to the {{c2::median}} plane"<img src=""paste-bd4e8f308de8e3e071fd8752ac11a1eda247905e.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning The {{c1::coronal/frontal}} plane divides the adult body into anterior and posterior sections"<img src=""paste-120cdb3e22b0ab8c56fba1a1f8d5880e8a3ca9ff.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning The {{c1::transverse/axial}} plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions, and runs parallel to the short axis of the body and perpendicular to the long axis"<img src=""paste-17eb427bfc5e32e8120f9106bd5a0464ffc49028.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning In embryology, {{c1::cranial}} is the term that refers towards the head"<img src=""paste-a14d5d595dee3ccc2ea57474f3937dfee1ae5946.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning In embryology, {{c1::caudal}} is the term that refers towards the tail or hind parts"<img src=""paste-a14d5d595dee3ccc2ea57474f3937dfee1ae5946.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning In the adult, {{c1::inferior/caudal}} is the term that refers towards the feet"<img src=""paste-a14d5d595dee3ccc2ea57474f3937dfee1ae5946.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning In the adult, {{c1::superior/cranial}} is the term that refers towards the head"<img src=""paste-a14d5d595dee3ccc2ea57474f3937dfee1ae5946.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning In the adult, {{c1::posterior}} is the term that refers towards the back"<img src=""paste-a14d5d595dee3ccc2ea57474f3937dfee1ae5946.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning In the adult, {{c1::anterior}} is the term that refers towards the front"<img src=""paste-a14d5d595dee3ccc2ea57474f3937dfee1ae5946.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning In the embryo, {{c1::ventral}} is the term that refers towards the front"<img src=""paste-a14d5d595dee3ccc2ea57474f3937dfee1ae5946.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning In the embryo, {{c1::dorsal}} is the term that refers towards the back"<img src=""paste-a14d5d595dee3ccc2ea57474f3937dfee1ae5946.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning When comparing two structures, {{c1::proximal}} is the term for the structure closer to the trunk or point of attachment"<img src=""paste-07ce01d19079628d0b9d625d883e782149e08824.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning When comparing two structures, {{c1::distal}} is the term for the structure further from the trunk or point of attachment"<img src=""paste-07ce01d19079628d0b9d625d883e782149e08824.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning When comparing two structures, {{c1::medial}} is the term for the structure closer to the midline or median plane"<img src=""paste-07ce01d19079628d0b9d625d883e782149e08824.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning When comparing two structures, {{c1::lateral}} is the term for the structure further from the midline or median plane"<img src=""paste-07ce01d19079628d0b9d625d883e782149e08824.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning {{c1::nilateral}} is the term for a structure only on one side"<img src=""paste-8b6dd8452d3bd200344472d1d18cc4abf10b4cf0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning {{c1::Bilateral}} is the term for a structure found on both sides"<img src=""paste-8b6dd8452d3bd200344472d1d18cc4abf10b4cf0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning When comparing two structures, {{c1::ipsilateral}} is the term for when both structures are on the same side"<img src=""paste-8b6dd8452d3bd200344472d1d18cc4abf10b4cf0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning When comparing two structures, {{c1::contralateral}} is the term for when the structures are on opposite sides"<img src=""paste-8b6dd8452d3bd200344472d1d18cc4abf10b4cf0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning A structure that is closer to the surface of the body than another structure is defined as {{c1::superficial}} compared to the second structure"<img src=""paste-cca9000f7d5e530b4f28ae950088c491a9a6abfa.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning A structure that is further from the surface of the body than another structure is defined as {{c1::deep}} compared to the second structure"<img src=""paste-cca9000f7d5e530b4f28ae950088c491a9a6abfa.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Planes_&_Positioning The {{c1::superficial}} fascia is found between the dermis of the skin and underlying muscles"<img src=""paste-24a922787f42996dbe8b697b4e7fab3b7f7f3409.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Fascia The {{c1::deep}} fascia separates layers of muscle"<img src=""paste-24a922787f42996dbe8b697b4e7fab3b7f7f3409.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Fascia The {{c1::superficial}} fascia is made up of {{c2::loose::loose/dense}} connective tissue and {{c2::adipose}}"<img src=""paste-24a922787f42996dbe8b697b4e7fab3b7f7f3409.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Fascia The {{c1::deep}} fascia is made up of {{c2::dense::loose/dense}} connective tissue and {{c2::collagen}}"<img src=""paste-24a922787f42996dbe8b697b4e7fab3b7f7f3409.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Fascia The {{c1::deep}} fascia is found surrounding bone, nerves, and blood vessels"<img src=""paste-24a922787f42996dbe8b697b4e7fab3b7f7f3409.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Fascia The two main body cavities are the {{c1::dorsal}} and {{c1::ventral}} cavities"<img src=""paste-7727d4aa328a238bf81c0a33e3fe61fec78c08bd.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Body_Cavities The dorsal body cavity is divided into the {{c1::cranial}} and {{c1::spinal}} cavities"<img src=""paste-7727d4aa328a238bf81c0a33e3fe61fec78c08bd.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Body_Cavities The cranial and spinal cavities are continuous with one another through the {{c1::foramen magnum}}"<img src=""paste-7727d4aa328a238bf81c0a33e3fe61fec78c08bd.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Body_Cavities The ventral cavity is divided into the {{c1::thoracic}} and {{c1::abdominopelvic}} cavities"<img src=""paste-7727d4aa328a238bf81c0a33e3fe61fec78c08bd.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 939px; width: 874px;""><img src=""paste-da51d08201b481e1ec72590c23f03e8181f9fc4e.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 821px; width: 952px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Body_Cavities The thoracic cavity is divided into the {{c1::pleural (2)}} and {{c1::pericardial}} cavities"<img src=""paste-7727d4aa328a238bf81c0a33e3fe61fec78c08bd.jpg"" class="""" style=""""><img src=""paste-da51d08201b481e1ec72590c23f03e8181f9fc4e.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Body_Cavities The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into the {{c1::abdominal}} and {{c1::pelvic}} cavities"<img src=""paste-7727d4aa328a238bf81c0a33e3fe61fec78c08bd.jpg"" class="""" style=""""><img src=""paste-da51d08201b481e1ec72590c23f03e8181f9fc4e.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Body_Cavities Arteries always carry blood {{c1::away from::direction}} the heart"<img src=""paste-fc49118cc507ee275af36dca8ac221500c5bc0a5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular Veins always carry blood {{c1::towards::direction}} the heart"<img src=""paste-fc49118cc507ee275af36dca8ac221500c5bc0a5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular Blood enters the pulmonary circulation from the {{c1::right ventricle::chamber}} and exits to the {{c1::left atrium::chamber}}"<img src=""paste-fc49118cc507ee275af36dca8ac221500c5bc0a5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular Blood enters the systemic circulation from the {{c1::left ventricle::chamber}} and exits to the {{c1::right atrium::chamber}}"<img src=""paste-fc49118cc507ee275af36dca8ac221500c5bc0a5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular The {{c1::pulmonary trunk}} travels from the {{c2::right ventricle}} to the {{c3::lungs}} and gives off the {{c4::left and right pulmonary arteries::vessels, 2}}"<img src=""paste-fc49118cc507ee275af36dca8ac221500c5bc0a5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular The {{c1::superior vena cava}} is the great vessel which returns systemic blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium"<img src=""paste-cab52c43ea6d8a5a6fa3044fb9047715e8a5f30f.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-fc49118cc507ee275af36dca8ac221500c5bc0a5.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 653.727px; width: 556px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular The {{c1::inferior vena cava}} is the great vessel which returns systemic blood from the lower half of the body to the right atrium"<img src=""paste-cab52c43ea6d8a5a6fa3044fb9047715e8a5f30f.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-fc49118cc507ee275af36dca8ac221500c5bc0a5.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 653.727px; width: 556px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular The {{c1::pulmonary veins}} are the great vessels which return pulmonary blood from the lungs to the left atrium"<img src=""paste-cab52c43ea6d8a5a6fa3044fb9047715e8a5f30f.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-fc49118cc507ee275af36dca8ac221500c5bc0a5.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 653.727px; width: 556px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular There are {{c1::4::#}} pulmonary veins"<img src=""paste-cab52c43ea6d8a5a6fa3044fb9047715e8a5f30f.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-fc49118cc507ee275af36dca8ac221500c5bc0a5.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 653.727px; width: 556px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular The Thoracic and Abdominopelivc cavities are divided by the {{c1::diaphragm}}"<img src=""paste-da51d08201b481e1ec72590c23f03e8181f9fc4e.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 821px; width: 952px;""><div></div><div></div>"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Body_Cavities From proximal to distal, the aortic arch gives off the {{c1::brachiocephalic trunk}}, the {{c2::left common carotid artery}}, and the {{c3::left subclavian artery}}"<img src=""paste-03b7d79506236b0b83c4799cb498f88ef4c4c602.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular From proximal to distal, both subclavian arteries most immediately give off a(n) {{c1::L/R vertebral artery}} and a(n) {{c2::L/R thyrocervical trunk}}"Only the right subclavian artery gives off a common carotid artery, so that is not on this list <img src=""paste-03b7d79506236b0b83c4799cb498f88ef4c4c602.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 1026px; width: 1197px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular "From proximal to distal, the brachiocephalic artery gives off the {{c1::right common carotid artery}}, {{c3::vertebral artery}}, and the {{c2::right subclavian artery}}""<img src=""paste-03b7d79506236b0b83c4799cb498f88ef4c4c602.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-1"<img src=""tmpsdzq67b0.png"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-2"<img src=""tmpsdzq67b0.png"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-3"<img src=""tmpsdzq67b0.png"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-4"<img src=""tmpsdzq67b0.png"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-5"<img src=""tmpsdzq67b0.png"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-6"<img src=""tmpsdzq67b0.png"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-7"<img src=""tmpsdzq67b0.png"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-8"<img src=""tmpsdzq67b0.png"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-8-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-8-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f84395c0455a44ebbbdc493218c0fde6-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular Two deep veins will often accompany a single {{c1::medium}} sized artery, a phenomenon known as {{c2::vena comitans}}"<img src=""paste-dd7a9a953367afb70bde20ab3f0fe84d9c491b44.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular From internal to external, the layers of a blood vessel are the {{c1::intima, media, and adventitia}}"<img src=""paste-131d923df7b6987f8af695f3d9271a604927f2d0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular {{c1::Arteries}} have a thicker {{c2::media::layer}} than {{c1::veins}}"<img src=""paste-131d923df7b6987f8af695f3d9271a604927f2d0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular The internal elastic lamina of an artery is found between the {{c1::intima::layer}} and {{c1::media::layer}}"<img src=""paste-131d923df7b6987f8af695f3d9271a604927f2d0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular The external elastic lamina of an artery is found between the {{c1::media::layer}} and {{c1::adventitia::layer}}"<img src=""paste-131d923df7b6987f8af695f3d9271a604927f2d0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular Larger veins have {{c1::valves}} composed of {{c2::endothelium}} which prevent backflow of blood"<img src=""paste-131d923df7b6987f8af695f3d9271a604927f2d0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular The continuous layer of epithelium lining the vascular system is {{c1::endothelium}}"<img src=""paste-131d923df7b6987f8af695f3d9271a604927f2d0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Cardiovascular The {{c1::Central}} Nervous System is composed of the brain and spinal cordDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Neuro The {{c1::Peripheral}} Nervous System is composed of the cranial nerves and spinal nervesDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Neuro Signals are sent from receptors to the CNS by {{c1::sensory/afferent}} nerve fibers"<img src=""paste-3f7a02b32e3b8b916902a87a35a8e556e130aba5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Neuro Signals are sent from the CNS to skeletal muscles by {{c1::motor/efferent}} nerve fibers"<img src=""paste-3f7a02b32e3b8b916902a87a35a8e556e130aba5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Neuro Signals are sent from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands by {{c1::autonomic/visceral}} nerve fibers"<img src=""paste-3f7a02b32e3b8b916902a87a35a8e556e130aba5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Neuro An area or region of skin innervated by a single nerve is a {{c1::dermatome}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Neuro A group of muscles innervated by a single nerve is a {{c1::myotome}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Neuro The {{c1::axial}} skeleton is composed of the {{c2::skull, sternum, ribs, and vertebral column::4}}"<img src=""paste-7692f6f608a14f8ec5308a42cf1d4fec354a2135.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Skeletal The {{c1::appendicular}} skeleton is composed of the {{c2::upper limbs, pectoral girdles, lower limbs, and pelvic girdles::4}}"<img src=""paste-7692f6f608a14f8ec5308a42cf1d4fec354a2135.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Skeletal The {{c1::upper::↑/↓}} limb is less tightly connected to its girdle than the {{c1::lower::↑/↓}} limb, so it has more flexibility, but is more commonly dislocatedDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Skeletal A {{c1::facet}} is a small articulation of a bony jointDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Skeletal A {{c1::condyle}} is a larger, rounded articulation of a bony joint, often at the end of a long boneDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Skeletal A {{c1::trochlea}} is a pulley-shaped bony joint, such as at the end of the humerusDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Skeletal A {{c1::fossa}} is a depression in the surface of bone; often one side of a bony articulationDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Skeletal A {{c1::groove/sulcus}} is a lengthy depression in the surface of a boneDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Skeletal A {{c1::crest/line}} is a lengthy elevation on a boneDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Skeletal A {{c1::tubercle}} is a small, rounded prominence on a boneDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Skeletal A {{c1::tuberosity}} is a medium-sized prominence on a boneDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Skeletal A {{c1::trochanter}} is a large prominence on a bone, usually used specifically to describe prominences at the proximal head of the femurDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Skeletal The more proximal/stable attachment of a muscle is the {{c1::origin}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Muscle The more distal/mobile attachment of a muscle is the {{c1::insertion}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Muscle Muscles are attached to bones by {{c1::tendons}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Muscle Tendons are composed of {{c1::dense, regular}} connective tissue, which is mostly {{c2::collagen}} fibersDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Muscle A flat sheet of dense, regular connective tissue is known as a(n) {{c1::aponeurosis}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Muscle Bones are attached to bones by {{c1::ligaments}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Muscle Ligaments are composed of {{c1::dense, regular}} connective tissueDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Muscle Axons of somatic motor neurons release the neurotransmitter {{c1::acetylcholine (ACH)}}"<img src=""paste-00b4f8fb1c42014894100a5aad3587355e4e605b.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Muscle The muscle fibers associated with a single motor neuron are collectively called a(n) {{c1::motor unit}}"<img src=""paste-00b4f8fb1c42014894100a5aad3587355e4e605b.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Muscle Muscles that attach to the {{c1::anterior}} surface of a bone will result in {{c2::medial}} rotationDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Muscles that attach to the {{c1::posterior}} surface of a bone will result in {{c2::lateral}} rotationDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement An action which decreases the angle of a line between two body parts is known as {{c1::flexion}}"<img src=""paste-ce42a2eb8e5c212afb9dae6d9e7f3c8c9a5c0295.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement An action which increases the angle of a line between two body parts is known as {{c1::extension}}"<img src=""paste-ce42a2eb8e5c212afb9dae6d9e7f3c8c9a5c0295.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement An action which moves a body part towards the midline is known as {{c1::adduction}}"<img src=""paste-feadecd404305125ec48ba909338a0c537e8d661.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement An action which moves a body part away from the midline is known as {{c1::abduction}}"<img src=""paste-feadecd404305125ec48ba909338a0c537e8d661.jpg"" class="""">"A person who gets abducted is getting taken away, so a body part which gets abducted is getting taken away from its normal positiionDentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement A compound action which moves a limb in a round motion is known as {{c1::circumduction}}"<img src=""paste-feadecd404305125ec48ba909338a0c537e8d661.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Rotation towards the midline is known as {{c1::medial/internal}} rotation"<img src=""paste-feadecd404305125ec48ba909338a0c537e8d661.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Rotation away from the midline is known as {{c1::lateral/external}} rotation"<img src=""paste-feadecd404305125ec48ba909338a0c537e8d661.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Bending of the spine away from the midline is known as {{c1::lateral flexion}}"<img src=""paste-0e1f07eb7f673868b4034d55b020e1a6fd9e9b51.jpg"" class=""""><img src=""paste-aedcd46d0c2a1baac1e6e49a7400753296707cf5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Turning the spine about the longitudinal axis is known as {{c1::rotation}}"<img src=""paste-0e1f07eb7f673868b4034d55b020e1a6fd9e9b51.jpg"" class=""""><img src=""paste-aedcd46d0c2a1baac1e6e49a7400753296707cf5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Moving the shoulders superiorly is known as {{c1::elevation}}"<img src=""paste-cc00a853418985ceba66b334c7a31bf720161474.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Moving the shoulders inferiorly is known as {{c1::depression}}"<img src=""paste-cc00a853418985ceba66b334c7a31bf720161474.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Moving the scapula anterolaterally is known as {{c1::protraction}}"<img src=""paste-42e87c94474c6c1775020715f99a534e12de2e0f.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Moving the scapula posteromedially is known as {{c1::retraction}}"<img src=""paste-42e87c94474c6c1775020715f99a534e12de2e0f.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Rotating the distal end of the radius about the ulna with the radius ending on the medial side is known as {{c1::pronation}}"<img src=""paste-112ac3aba2dd9eeabf9f15f7434c82864c0c1720.jpg"" class="""">""Touching your fingertips together and pronating your arm will make a P shape for Pronate <img src=""Inked20210604_201645_LI.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 782.328px; width: 586.742px;""><img src=""Inked20210604_201630_LI.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 782.313px; width: 586.719px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Rotating the distal end of the radius about the ulna with the radius ending on the lateral side in anatomic position is known as {{c1::supination}}"<img src=""paste-112ac3aba2dd9eeabf9f15f7434c82864c0c1720.jpg"" class="""">""If you want to hold a bowl of SOUP with both hands, you must SUPinate your forearms"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Moving the hand at the wrist so that the fingers point more posteriorly than in anatomic position is known as {{c1::extension}}"<img src=""paste-2a02fc34e7066ba66f28ad7db30aca312c126810.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Moving the hand at the wrist so that the fingers point more anteriorly than in anatomic position is known as {{c1::flexion}}"<img src=""paste-2a02fc34e7066ba66f28ad7db30aca312c126810.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Moving the pollicis and 5th digits together is known as {{c1::opposition}}"<img src=""paste-2a02fc34e7066ba66f28ad7db30aca312c126810.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Moving the pollicis and 5th digits apart is known as {{c1::reposition}}"<img src=""paste-2a02fc34e7066ba66f28ad7db30aca312c126810.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement The third digit of the hand can be {{c1::ab}}ducted, but it can ever be {{c1::ad}}ducted"<img src=""paste-276bf8946b33435aced5fbbf9d2b4b66a8c26dbb.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement 69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-1"<img src=""tmpgtb2cwcj.png"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement 69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-2"<img src=""tmpgtb2cwcj.png"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement 69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-3"<img src=""tmpgtb2cwcj.png"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement 69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-4"<img src=""tmpgtb2cwcj.png"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement 69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-5"<img src=""tmpgtb2cwcj.png"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement 69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-6"<img src=""tmpgtb2cwcj.png"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement 69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-7"<img src=""tmpgtb2cwcj.png"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement 69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-8"<img src=""tmpgtb2cwcj.png"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-8-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-8-A.svg"" />""<img src=""69dc095a169445858ec939f6c7f49fe2-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement 4f658db8cbde48e7bbc009862738563f-ao-1"<img src=""tmp9h0i8oa1.png"" />""<img src=""4f658db8cbde48e7bbc009862738563f-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4f658db8cbde48e7bbc009862738563f-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4f658db8cbde48e7bbc009862738563f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement 4f658db8cbde48e7bbc009862738563f-ao-2"<img src=""tmp9h0i8oa1.png"" />""<img src=""4f658db8cbde48e7bbc009862738563f-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4f658db8cbde48e7bbc009862738563f-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4f658db8cbde48e7bbc009862738563f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement 6741d63f3022417ea7fffdf67be2bd6d-ao-1"<img src=""tmpzd3es8s2.png"" />""<img src=""6741d63f3022417ea7fffdf67be2bd6d-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""6741d63f3022417ea7fffdf67be2bd6d-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""6741d63f3022417ea7fffdf67be2bd6d-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement 6741d63f3022417ea7fffdf67be2bd6d-ao-2"<img src=""tmpzd3es8s2.png"" />""<img src=""6741d63f3022417ea7fffdf67be2bd6d-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""6741d63f3022417ea7fffdf67be2bd6d-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""6741d63f3022417ea7fffdf67be2bd6d-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro::Basic_Movement Actin is made of individual units called {{c1::G-Actin(Globular)}}"<img src=""paste-c9e61c2b2f04899f4fd5a43f99f1324d39ec3b5e.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Proteins Actin units are combined into a double-helix to make {{c1::F-Actin/Filamentous}}"<img src=""paste-c9e61c2b2f04899f4fd5a43f99f1324d39ec3b5e.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Proteins The cell membrane of a muscle cell is called the {{c1::Sarcolemma}}"<img src=""paste-c9696aaeb168cff5759d23803ef4bbc2b7e14008.jpg""> "DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells The high level of microfilament organization in Skeletal/Cardiac muscles gives them a {{c1::striated}} appearance"<img src=""paste-45783690ee07ecf6174858b5d602ad999aa755b2.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells The cytoplasm of the muscle cell is called the {{c1::Sarcoplasm}}DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells The fusion of skeletal muscle cells during development forms a {{c1::Multinucleate Syncytium}}DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells {{c1::Epimysium}} is the dense CT sheath that surrounds the entire muscle."<img src=""paste-166cc9b88e3394da7ecbed9d6dfcb96added108b.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells {{c1::Perimysium}} is the loose CT sheath that surrounds groups of muscle cells called {{c2::Fascicles}}"<img src=""paste-dfa4a585c453f2999efd35c154b2ea926e049949.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells {{c1::Endomysium}} is the delicate loose CT sheath that surrounds each muscle cell."<img src=""paste-cdcabf224aa4c5ee2e65ce632d018c75e450c508.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells The Endomysium and Perimysium continue as {{c1::Tendons}} at the end of the muscle."<img src=""paste-c6c113ecd9d8140d319b68af4c6557ba54dfb7c0.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells Blood capillaries are located in the {{c1::Endomysium}} of muscles.DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells The functional units of striated muscles are {{c1::sarcomeres}}.DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells 69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-1"<img src=""tmpct82pwj6.png"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells 69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-2"<img src=""tmpct82pwj6.png"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells 69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-3"<img src=""tmpct82pwj6.png"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells 69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-4"<img src=""tmpct82pwj6.png"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells 69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-5"<img src=""tmpct82pwj6.png"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells 69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-6"<img src=""tmpct82pwj6.png"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""69fae5ac0fc142d4a939b6d4ecd212e6-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells The {{c1::A-band}} is the dark area of a sarcomere where the actin and myosin overlap.DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells The {{c1::I-band}} is the light area of a sarcomere where only actin is present.DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells The {{c1::Z-disk}} contains {{c2::alpha-actinin}} which serves as the attachment site for actin in the sarcomere.DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells The {{c1::Motor end plate}} is the area of the sarcolemma that receives signals from motor neurons."<img src=""paste-f11ea7819c2e20d8851810d5be9ff7d47966daa5.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells {{c1::Acetylcholine/Ach}} is the primary signal received by muscles from neurons."<img src=""paste-f11ea7819c2e20d8851810d5be9ff7d47966daa5.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells The combination of a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates is a(n) {{c1::Motor Unit}}DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells T-Tubule Depolarization stimulates the {{c1::Sarcoplasmic Reticulum}} to release {{c2::Calcium}}.DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells {{c2::T-Tubules}} penetrate the sarcoplasm of skeletal muscle at the {{c1::A-I junctions}}"<img src=""paste-e2687e1177ee762de7be582bfc6b60d20fc25967.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells A T-Tubule in {{c2::skeletal}} muscle will form a triad with 2 {{c1::terminal cisternae}}"<img src=""paste-2e52c305cb31cc780ef0c4c67477c41c776fc7fc.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cells The nucleus of a skeletal muscle is located at the {{c1::edge/periphery}} of the cell."<img src=""paste-e62516371429a99aaedac51751098c963f37537f.jpg"">" The nucleus of a cardiac muscle is located at the {{c1::center}} of the cell."<img src=""paste-44f327102db9d7585b1f7adb0d1195f46c9691a2.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cardiac Cardiac muscle cells are {{c2::branched::shape}} fibers that connect end-to-end by {{c1::intercalated disks}}."<img src=""paste-0908ff7877b158ad2e492e2e56a2549574af989f.jpg"">" {{c1::Desmosomes}} and {{c2::Adherens Junctions}} form the connections of intercalated disks in cardiac muscle cells."<img src=""paste-d913657db092346af976d75257693318a7a13390.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cardiac {{c1::Gap Junctions}} at the intercalated discs allow cardiac muscle cells to contract in synchrony."<img src=""paste-d913657db092346af976d75257693318a7a13390.jpg"">" A T-Tubule in {{c1::cardiac}} muscle will form a diad with one {{c2::terminal cisternae}}Skeletal muscle cells have triads.DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cardiac {{c1::Purkinje fibers}} are modified cardiac muscles that specialize in impulse conduction."<img src=""paste-ac5fde496310924a0b4936704e29f638482ba4e2.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cardiac {{c1::Smooth}} muscle is primarily located in tubular organs.GI, respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductive & urinary tracts.DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Smooth_muscle {{c1::Smooth}} muscle lacks sarcomeres and sarcoplasmic reticulum.DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Smooth_muscle Instead of Z-disks, smooth muscle contains {{c1::dense bodies}}."<img src=""paste-30bd98f2200d09e7da26fad6adf19283c422188a.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Smooth_muscle Contraction of smooth muscle is stimulated by pinocytosis of Ca2+ via {{c1::calveolae}}"<img src=""paste-4ae29cddbee7c327a5d2a21664fc960700d02b1a.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Smooth_muscle Smooth muscle contraction causes {{c1::ruffling}} of the cell membrane and the formation of a {{c2::corkscrew}} nucleus."<img src=""paste-069ad9cf5b9611a8b771b6fb44e34c7845a2152d.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Smooth_muscle {{c1::Varicosities}} release neurotransmitters for smooth muscle."<img src=""paste-040850e065b9b5e91f0452bf888d1b5edc4c2097.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Smooth_muscle {{c1::Multiunit}} smooth muscle cells act independently (as multiple units)."<img src=""paste-040850e065b9b5e91f0452bf888d1b5edc4c2097.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Smooth_muscle {{c1::Single unit}} smooth muscle cells coordinate contractions via gap junctions."<img src=""paste-040850e065b9b5e91f0452bf888d1b5edc4c2097.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Smooth_muscle Cartilage must receive nutrients via diffusion from nearby vessels because it is {{c1::avascular}}.DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::General Cartilage is composed of {{c1::Chondrocytes::cell}} and {{c2::ECM}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::General The ECM of Cartilage is composed of {{c1::Collagen Fibers}}, {{c2::Ground substance}}, and {{c3::water (60-80%}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::General The Ground substance of the ECM in Cartilage is composed of {{c1::GAGs/Glycosaminoglycans & Proteoglycans::2}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::General In cartilage ECM, water is attracted by the negative charge of {{c1::GAGs/Glycosaminoglycans}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::General {{c2::Hyaline}} cartilage contains mostly Type {{c1::II}} collagen.DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::Hyaline {{c1::Isogenous Groups}} are chondrocyte cell clusters that have recently divided."<img src=""paste-10f75c432b6c32dd9646a804c8a4387982411f4b.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::Hyaline {{c1::Interstitial growth}} is the increase in mass by deposition of new matrix between dividing cells.DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::Hyaline {{c1::Chondrocytes}} live in lacunae and excrete the ECM of cartilage.DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::General {{c1::Perichondrium}} is a {{c4::dense irregular::type}} CT that surrounds the surface of {{c2::Hyaline}} and {{c3::Elastic}} cartilage."<img src=""paste-6eaad05bbda3833c8ee4cd041ce2a13118fcdcd7.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::Hyaline {{c1::Chondroblasts}} are immature chondrocytes that come from the {{c2::perichondrium}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::Hyaline An increase in mass at the perichondrium surface of cartilage is called {{c1::appositional growth}}.DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::Hyaline Hyaline cartilage of {{c1::articular joint}} surfaces does not have a perichondrium"<img src=""paste-5eb8251b5f10ec0c4f612e29e039544007a2cce9.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::Hyaline The ECM of {{c3::Elastic}} Cartilage contains {{c1::elastic}} fibers and Type {{c2::II}} collagen fibrils.DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::Elastic {{c1::Elastic}} cartilage can be found in places such as the external ear, epiglottis, auditory tube and external acoustic meatus.DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::Elastic The cartilage that has no perichondrium is {{c1::Fibrocartilage}}.DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::Fibrocartilage {{c1::Fibrocartilage}} is the cartilage that is located in the insertion sites of ligaments and tendons into bone.DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::Fibrocartilage Fibrocartilage contains Type {{c1::I}} collagen bundles.Has type 1 and type 2DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::Fibrocartilage Fibrocartilage contains chondrocytes as well as another cell type; {{c1::Fibroblasts}}.DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::Fibrocartilage Calcium Phosphate is deposited as {{c1::hydroxyapatite crystals}} on components of ECM in bone.DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General Bone is surrounded by a protective outer layer called {{c1::periosteum}}."<img src=""paste-7a2b05d7c80496451b735bac04e568410633981a.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General The ECM of bones is comprised of ground substance as well as Type {{c1::I}} collagen.DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General {{c1::Compact/dense/cortical}} bone is the dense part of bones that provide structural support."<img src=""paste-69f52da506003343d49a3d99c1581d314d4c2b32.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General {{c1::Spongy/trabecular/cancellous}} bone is the meshwork part of bone that provides space for marrow and blood vessels."<img src=""paste-69f52da506003343d49a3d99c1581d314d4c2b32.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General The functional unit of bones is the {{c1::Osteon/Haversion System}}.DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General Compact bone (and spongy bone) is composed mostly of {{c1::lamellar bone}} in adults."Concentric lamellar are the ""rings"" of the bone. <img src=""paste-6845ecc6d3cec60f1d708020014ad179c360b9b8.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General {{c1::Canaliculi}} are tiny processes from osteocytes that allow them to communicate with one another." <img src=""paste-6845ecc6d3cec60f1d708020014ad179c360b9b8.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General {{c1::Haversian canals}} are the vertical pipes in osteons that allow blood vessels to move through and provide nutrients to bone tissue."<img src=""paste-ecd0f1b6b18380d07380cae0042dbd8c3f8432aa.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General {{c1::Volkmann's canals}} are the horizontal pipes that allow different Haversian canals to interconnect."<img src=""paste-ecd0f1b6b18380d07380cae0042dbd8c3f8432aa.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General {{c1::Intermediate/Interstitial lamellae}} are the leftover rings of older osteons that have been written over by newer ones."<img src=""paste-504dc470910a106db9f5858d05f42a5a1359b12f.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General {{c1::Osteoblasts}} are cuboidal bone forming cells.DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::Cells The {{c1::height}} of an osteoblast reflects its activity."<img src=""paste-a832ff4b936d1b9bf65c30dbc73395b2e3060be9.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::Cells Osteoblasts interconnect with each other via intercellular {{c1::gap junction}} contacts.DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::Cells Osteoblasts synthesize and mineralize {{c1::osteoid:}}.Osteoid = unmineralized bone matrixDentKing::Anatomy::Bone::Cells Osteoblasts are located on the {{c1::surface}} of the bone.DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::Cells Osteoblasts turn into {{c1::osteocytes}} once they have been encased in their own production of bone matrix.DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::Cells {{c1::Canaliculi}} are the vehicle of communication and nutrient/waste exchange in osteocytes."<img src=""paste-18f32848c5191775ac2df65799e25727e027a098.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::Cells {{c1::Osteoclasts}} are large, {{c2::multi}}nucleated cells involved in bone resorption."<img src=""paste-e56b10f405a3076d68cb933853cc77d7d91d66eb.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::Cells Osteoclasts are derived from a fusion of {{c1::macrophages}} and {{c2::blood monocytes}}.DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::Cells Osteoclasts form a hollowed area in their wake called a(n) {{c1::Howship's lacunae/resorption bay}}"<img src=""paste-d8b29eaed70cf891420527b5c4866e45b14115ba.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::Cells "Osteoclasts have a domain called the {{c1::""Ruffled Border""""}} that is adjacent to the bone and releases the hydrolytic enzymes""<img src=""paste-2a8c9e6ca99f99a15e9c3d242228a5f7e32da790.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::Cells "The {{c1::""Sealing Zone""}} is the area on the osteoclast that attaches to the bone and prevents the escape of hydrolytic enzymes from the ""Ruffled Border""""<img src=""paste-2a8c9e6ca99f99a15e9c3d242228a5f7e32da790.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::Cells The process of osteoclast resorption and osteoblast building is called {{c1::bone remodeling}}."<img src=""paste-31ac80950360f8a0fffa100be10fe6cd0fbcde10.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::Cells The primary function of spongy bone is {{c1::hematopoiesis}}."<img src=""paste-0d1f7b8722828d9e9977320359b0651f48559daf.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General {{c2::Spongy}} bone is made up of mineralized bars called {{c1::trabeculae}}."<img src=""paste-0d1f7b8722828d9e9977320359b0651f48559daf.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General Red marrow is found in {{c1::spongy}} bone"<img src=""paste-0d1f7b8722828d9e9977320359b0651f48559daf.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General Yellow marrow is found in {{c1::compact}} bone"<img src=""paste-0d1f7b8722828d9e9977320359b0651f48559daf.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General The majority of the skeleton is made up of {{c1::compact::compact/spongy}} bone."<img src=""paste-0d1f7b8722828d9e9977320359b0651f48559daf.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General The organization of the Peripheral Nervous System consists of {{c1::Cranial Nerves}}, {{c2::Spinal Nerves}}, {{c3::Somatic nerves}}, and the {{c4::Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro 559ec8d7f47d4bea9109d30e1ae8e569-ao-1"<img src=""tmp_25cj0km.png"" />""<img src=""559ec8d7f47d4bea9109d30e1ae8e569-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""559ec8d7f47d4bea9109d30e1ae8e569-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""559ec8d7f47d4bea9109d30e1ae8e569-ao-O.svg"" />" 559ec8d7f47d4bea9109d30e1ae8e569-ao-2"<img src=""tmp_25cj0km.png"" />""<img src=""559ec8d7f47d4bea9109d30e1ae8e569-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""559ec8d7f47d4bea9109d30e1ae8e569-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""559ec8d7f47d4bea9109d30e1ae8e569-ao-O.svg"" />" The organization of the Central Nervous System consists of the {{c1::Brain and the Spinal Cord::2}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-1"<img src=""tmp2eti35s2.png"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-2"<img src=""tmp2eti35s2.png"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-3"<img src=""tmp2eti35s2.png"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-4"<img src=""tmp2eti35s2.png"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-5"<img src=""tmp2eti35s2.png"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-6"<img src=""tmp2eti35s2.png"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-7"<img src=""tmp2eti35s2.png"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-8"<img src=""tmp2eti35s2.png"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-8-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-8-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-9"<img src=""tmp2eti35s2.png"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-9-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-9-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e12069b5f8b8493d9fb8e6a4cdb481dd-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The occipital bone has a central prominence on its exterior surface called the {{c1::external occipital protuberance}}"<img src=""paste-df56af689e8d2bae8b2077a10abe4d52aa26f6de.jpg"" class=""""> Circled"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology The Crainial Nerves consist of {{c1::12}} pairsDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro There are {{c1::33::#}} total vertebrae"<img src=""paste-fe17ca951a3a6b245360c84b43ff7e7657d194b1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology The Spinal Nerves consist of {{c1::31}} pairsDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro There are {{c1::7::#}} cervical vertebrae"<img src=""paste-fe17ca951a3a6b245360c84b43ff7e7657d194b1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology There are {{c1::12::#}} thoracic vertebrae"<img src=""paste-fe17ca951a3a6b245360c84b43ff7e7657d194b1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology There are {{c1::5::#}} lumbar vertebrae"<img src=""paste-fe17ca951a3a6b245360c84b43ff7e7657d194b1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology There are {{c1::5::#}} sacral vertebrae"<img src=""paste-fe17ca951a3a6b245360c84b43ff7e7657d194b1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology There are {{c1::4::#}} coccygeal vertebrae"<img src=""paste-fe17ca951a3a6b245360c84b43ff7e7657d194b1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology The {{c1::Autonomic}} nervous system communicates with internal organs and glandsDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro 9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-1"<img src=""tmpgtc_e2n3.png"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology 9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-2"<img src=""tmpgtc_e2n3.png"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology 9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-3"<img src=""tmpgtc_e2n3.png"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology 9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-4"<img src=""tmpgtc_e2n3.png"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology 9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-5"<img src=""tmpgtc_e2n3.png"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology 9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-6"<img src=""tmpgtc_e2n3.png"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""9676a90bf42b4c3d8f7272a2ad6ef74f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology The {{c1::somatic}} division of the PNS communicates with sense organs and voluntary musclesDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The Autonomic Nervous System is divided into the {{c1::Sympathetic division}} and the {{c1::Parasympathetic division}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The {{c1::vertebral arch}} is formed by the {{c2::laminae}} and {{c2::pedicles}}"<img src=""paste-862071623b673a037510e28701f68a77f29453b6.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology The {{c1::Sympathetic Division}} is known as the arousing division of the ANSDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The {{c1::Parasympathetic Division}} is known as the calming division of the ANSDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro Vertebrae have {{c1::1}} spinous process(es), {{c2::2}} transverse process(es), and {{c3::4}} articular process(es)"<img src=""paste-33ee4cbd1d7215376271ffaa0c9f2c7ebe1ebc7c.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is further divided into the {{c1::Autonomic}} Nervous System and the {{c2::Somatic}} Nervous SystemDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The Somatic Nervous System is divided into the {{c1::Sensory}} (afferent) nervous system and the {{c1::Motor}} (efferent) nervous systemDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro 6bdb5cfd2db446ffb1bc37a0a482fd4f-ao-1"<img src=""tmpxj5t2r16.png"" />""<img src=""6bdb5cfd2db446ffb1bc37a0a482fd4f-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""6bdb5cfd2db446ffb1bc37a0a482fd4f-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""6bdb5cfd2db446ffb1bc37a0a482fd4f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology 6bdb5cfd2db446ffb1bc37a0a482fd4f-ao-2"<img src=""tmpxj5t2r16.png"" />""<img src=""6bdb5cfd2db446ffb1bc37a0a482fd4f-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""6bdb5cfd2db446ffb1bc37a0a482fd4f-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""6bdb5cfd2db446ffb1bc37a0a482fd4f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology 6bdb5cfd2db446ffb1bc37a0a482fd4f-ao-3"<img src=""tmpxj5t2r16.png"" />""<img src=""6bdb5cfd2db446ffb1bc37a0a482fd4f-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""6bdb5cfd2db446ffb1bc37a0a482fd4f-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""6bdb5cfd2db446ffb1bc37a0a482fd4f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology The AC joint is formed by the {{c1::lateral::medial/lateral}} clavicle and the {{c2::acromion}} of the scapula"<img src=""paste-dca00cf36a3b48db36281fa95985f4b9482d564f.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology The SC joint is formed by the {{c1::medial::medial/lateral}} clavicle and the {{c2::manubrium}} of the sternum"<img src=""paste-dca00cf36a3b48db36281fa95985f4b9482d564f.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology The Thoracolumbar Division and the Craniosacral Division are part of the {{c1::Autonomic Nervous System}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro {{c1::Cortical::Type}} neurons deal with (in addition to sensory and motor function) memory, calculation, mood, affect/behavior, feeding/watering, reasoning, etc.DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The {{c1::Brainstem}} and {{c1::Spinal Cord}} process the input from somatic sensory, motor, and special sense neuronsDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro In neurohistology, the {{c1::neuron}} is the functional unitDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro In Neurohistology, {{c1::glial cells}} provide support, nutrients, and clean up"Blasts Build, Clasts C(k)ill"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The morphology of neurons consist of: {{c1::multipolar}}, {{c2::bipolar}}, and {{c3::pseudounipolar}}"<img src=""paste-56ef023eeac389916490df27888031ac95bd9cde.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro In a Neuron, the {{c1::dendrite}} normally has passive membrane properties and show decremental conduction in most neuronsDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro In a Neuron, the {{c1::soma}} is the metabolic center for the neuron and all processes, and contains genetic material"<img src=""paste-a769f59f93f216199c2405a92f7efe6c3e4bf054.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro In a Neuron, the {{c1::Axon}} is the cellular process with active membrane properties with action potentials showing no decrease in the potential with propagation"<img src=""paste-a769f59f93f216199c2405a92f7efe6c3e4bf054.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro 1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-1"<img src=""tmpb83m1fdj.png"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro 1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-2"<img src=""tmpb83m1fdj.png"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro 1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-3"<img src=""tmpb83m1fdj.png"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro 1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-4"<img src=""tmpb83m1fdj.png"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro 1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-5"<img src=""tmpb83m1fdj.png"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro 1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-6"<img src=""tmpb83m1fdj.png"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""1e391a74c1a44847b2f2852e95c5f16b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro {{c1::Bi}}polar neurons have an axonal process and a dendritic process and typically transmit {{c2::special sensory}} information"(vision, hearing, olfaction) <img src=""paste-472f404198f8b1215179969e3652d7dfbaffa8f0.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 934.109px; width: 1560px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro {{c1::Psuedouni}}polar neurons are afferent sensory neurons with cell bodies in the {{c2::doral root ganglion (DRG)}} and a single axo-dendritic process which transmits sensory information to the CNS"<img src=""paste-24a03fd06cc0609d12a201c623224a24cd0a9ed2.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro {{c1::Multi}}polar neurons are typically {{c2::efferent/motor}} neurons"Those found in cranial nerves and the spinal cord effect muscle contraction to product movement <img src=""paste-b3bfed0fa30ee25062dbf11d5f2aff196faec966.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro ef93f9d373e4477d91520f9fa606920f-ao-1"<img src=""tmpuxui52ya.png"" />""<img src=""ef93f9d373e4477d91520f9fa606920f-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""ef93f9d373e4477d91520f9fa606920f-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""ef93f9d373e4477d91520f9fa606920f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro ef93f9d373e4477d91520f9fa606920f-ao-2"<img src=""tmpuxui52ya.png"" />""<img src=""ef93f9d373e4477d91520f9fa606920f-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""ef93f9d373e4477d91520f9fa606920f-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""ef93f9d373e4477d91520f9fa606920f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro ef93f9d373e4477d91520f9fa606920f-ao-3"<img src=""tmpuxui52ya.png"" />""<img src=""ef93f9d373e4477d91520f9fa606920f-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""ef93f9d373e4477d91520f9fa606920f-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""ef93f9d373e4477d91520f9fa606920f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro 181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-1"<img src=""tmp2q3kk5cn.png"" />""<img src=""181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro 181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-2"<img src=""tmp2q3kk5cn.png"" />""<img src=""181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro 181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-3"<img src=""tmp2q3kk5cn.png"" />""<img src=""181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro 181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-4"<img src=""tmp2q3kk5cn.png"" />""<img src=""181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro 181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-5"<img src=""tmp2q3kk5cn.png"" />""<img src=""181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""181e3716d01d41b3a88e421fd133b92b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The neural tube is initially a single layer of {{c1::pseudostratisfied}} epitheliumDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The Neural Tube has {{c1::ventricular}} and {{c2::pial}} surfaces"<img src=""paste-879b8532671417b51ed65ded4c5603600f30c462.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro "{{c1::Neuroepithelial}} cells differentiate into the structure of the CNS (neurons, glial cells, and ependymal cells) and portions of the PNS"Neuroepithelium is a neuronal stem cellDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro Neuroepithelial cells undergo rapid cell division along the {{c1::ventricular (luminal)}} surfaceDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro In the Neural Tube, post-mitotic differentiation occurs at the {{c1::pial}} suface."<img src=""paste-776b99ba5e443e5934276742a6db587736545001.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro Neuroepithelial Cells differentiate into {{c1::neuroblasts, glial blasts, ependymal cells::3}}"<img src=""paste-a44cc4f8cb2e685f48f9e6fd028dd81095e003f0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro CNS Glial cells consist of {{c1::oligodendroctes}}, {{c2::astrocytes}}, and {{c3::microglia***}}"***note that Microglia are not necessarily glial cells, but part of the mesoderm <img src=""paste-384be176496ffdf2b3c7801e16fc7ef60826110e.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro PNS glial cells consist of {{c1::satellite cells}} and {{c2::schwann cells}}Neural crest derivedDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro {{c1::Glia}} function as the 'glue' which holds the nervous system togetherDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro {{c1::Glial cells}} are the structural component of the blood brain barrier, provide nutrients to neurons, immune functions, and produce myelinDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro As the spinal cord grows, cell proliferation and differentiation forms two groups of nuclei lateral to the neural tube in the {{c1::ventricular}} zone"<img src=""paste-71f23d5dd1c59a9d4075839ca6a0d3130a9481d1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro As the neural tube grows, the dorsal and ventral groups form the {{c1::mantle}} layer"Also called the intermediate zone <img src=""paste-71f23d5dd1c59a9d4075839ca6a0d3130a9481d1.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 583px; width: 1045px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The {{c1::sulcus limitans}} is a small groove in the ventricular zone of the developing neural tube that separates the basal and alar plates"<img src=""paste-71f23d5dd1c59a9d4075839ca6a0d3130a9481d1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The {{c1::dorsal}} group / {{c1::alar}} plate of the developing spinal cord is where cells differentiate into {{c2::sensory}} neurons"<img src=""paste-5b26d404e296a7d36850525b6aa6200a49219365.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The {{c1::ventral}} group / {{c1::basal}} plate of the developing spinal cord is where cells differentiate into {{c2::motor}} neurons"<img src=""paste-97cad23d95b3f7008b96d55440e01d3ce3057e0e.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The {{c1::alar}} plate forms the {{c3::dorsal}} horn and carries {{c2::sensory/afferent}} functions"<img src=""paste-3a87d80b18b3b1e65a534ec50060dba25479dcfb.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The {{c1::basal}} plate forms the {{c3::ventral horn and intermediate}} horn and contains neurons with {{c2::motor/efferent}} functions"<img src=""paste-9fc9c587b1ecffa4ee3d7c671238c2a4e9dafa5a.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The dorsal, lateral, and ventral horns of the spinal cord are all composed of {{c1::gray}} matterDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro Myelinated fibers and ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord are all composed of {{c1::white}} matterMyelin is fatty and thus has a white appearanceDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The {{c1::central canal}} of the developing spinal cord is lined by {{c2::ependymal}} cells and filled with CSFDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The pectoral girdle is composed of the {{c1::clavicle}} and {{c2::scapula}}DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology Cell bodies in the PNS are surrounded by {{c1::Satellite}} cellsDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro {{c1::Schwann}} cells form the neurolemma surrounding axons in the PNS"<img src=""paste-2872429a0cb87be8444a8e5bf3a47429adcbe96c.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-1"<img src=""tmpifcg0so6.png"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-2"<img src=""tmpifcg0so6.png"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-3"<img src=""tmpifcg0so6.png"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-4"<img src=""tmpifcg0so6.png"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-5"<img src=""tmpifcg0so6.png"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-6"<img src=""tmpifcg0so6.png"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-7"<img src=""tmpifcg0so6.png"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-8"<img src=""tmpifcg0so6.png"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-8-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-8-A.svg"" />""<img src=""cb600e9cb98149ea81dacc476217cbff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology {{c1::Oligodendrocytes}} myelinate axons in the CNS"<img src=""paste-2872429a0cb87be8444a8e5bf3a47429adcbe96c.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro 8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-1"<img src=""tmpotkckx6c.png"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology 8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-2"<img src=""tmpotkckx6c.png"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology 8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-3"<img src=""tmpotkckx6c.png"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology 8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-4"<img src=""tmpotkckx6c.png"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology 8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-5"<img src=""tmpotkckx6c.png"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology 8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-6"<img src=""tmpotkckx6c.png"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8ceb8d9ad287416abfe9246b44c56946-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Osteology The dorsal vertebral ligament between the spines of the vertebrae is the {{c1::interspinous ligament}}"Light blue <img src=""paste-7d9cf9c3d3a11b00ef2829b525b3d4e560778aa0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Deep_Fascia As spinal nerves are formed, immature muscles receive motor neuron input from {{c1::multiple::#}} neuron(s)"<img src=""paste-b82806b78ab065c6cba881b253cb128cd1417366.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 997px; width: 1110px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro Somatic motor neurons develop in the {{c1::4th}} weekDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The dorsal vertebral ligament superficial to the spines of the vertebrae is the {{c1::supraspinous ligament}}"Purple <img src=""paste-7d9cf9c3d3a11b00ef2829b525b3d4e560778aa0.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 517.641px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Deep_Fascia Somatic motor neuron cell bodies are in the {{c1::ventral}} horn / {{c1::basal}} plate"<img src=""paste-e742f0ddc2798b6922d3e395aa37556b713c4995.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro In the formation of somatic motor neurons, axons break through the marginal layer of neural tube to form the {{c1::ventral root}}"<img src=""paste-e75640bdf8e9ebb8e2de5494e4266ed4b1059299.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro In the formation of somatic motor neurons, axonal processses migrate towards their {{c1::myotome}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro Somatic Sensory Nerves derive their embryonic origin from {{c1::neural crest cells}} and have cell bodies in the {{c2::dorsal root ganglion}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro In somatic sensory nerves, {{c1::pseudouni}}polar neurons are associated with general sensory and visceral sensory functionsDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The dorsal vertebral ligament which connects the ventral surfaces of the vertebral lamina is the {{c1::ligamentum flavum}}"It can have a yellow color due to large amounts of elastin Yellow <img src=""paste-7d9cf9c3d3a11b00ef2829b525b3d4e560778aa0.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 517.641px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Deep_Fascia In somatic sensory nerves, the central processes migrate towards {{c1::dorsal gray matter}} to synapse with interneurons of the {{c2::dorsal horn}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro In somatic sensory nerves, the {{c1::peripheral}} processes migrate to {{c2::sensory receptors}} related to their dermatomeDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The large, central ligament on the posterior neck which runs from the external occipital protuberance to the spine of the vertebral prominens is the {{c1::nuchal ligament}}" <img src=""paste-7d9cf9c3d3a11b00ef2829b525b3d4e560778aa0.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 517.641px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Deep_Fascia The ligamentum nuchae aids the {{c1::extensor}} muscles of the neck" <img src=""paste-7d9cf9c3d3a11b00ef2829b525b3d4e560778aa0.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 517.641px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Deep_Fascia In Spinal Nerves, the {{c1::ventral root}} consists of efferent fibers of basal plate motor neurons"<img src=""paste-45994680161e32ef1af3a5f005936604d7b26661.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The {{c1::dorsal root}} is where central processes of sensory neurons can be found"Coming from DRG <img src=""paste-f8ec1b2d944565f65385bc8a9ecb1e117050756a.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The ligamentum nuchae keeps the {{c1::trapezius}} muscle from bowing during contraciton" <img src=""paste-7d9cf9c3d3a11b00ef2829b525b3d4e560778aa0.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 517.641px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Deep_Fascia The Dorsal Ramus innervates {{c1::epaxial muscles (deep back)}}, {{c2::vertebral joints}}, and the {{c3::skin of the back near the spine}}"Skin with dorsal ramus afferents is two inches on either side of spine <img src=""paste-738e847deecccd7ef05949f61b0737f986df6959.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 1066px; width: 858px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The intrinsic muscles of the back are invested by the {{c1::thoracolumbar}} fascia"<img src=""paste-3f9acbf790d04664d9882bad1dac1edb5cb54119.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Deep_Fascia The Ventral Rami innervate {{c1::everything below the mandible besides the deep back muscles, vertebral joints, and skin near the spine}}Somatic motor to trunk and limb muscles Visceral motor Sensory of the lateral and anterior trunk Sensory of upper and lower limbsDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The intrinsic (deep) and extrinsic (superficial) muscles of the back are separated by the {{c1::thoracolumbar}} fascia"<img src=""paste-3f9acbf790d04664d9882bad1dac1edb5cb54119.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Deep_Fascia The thoracolumbar fascia is continuous with the {{c1::deep cervical}} fascia of the neck"<img src=""paste-d0f0583bd2938fd00ed733314cee7a550271faa8.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Deep_Fascia The {{c1::intirinsic::intrinsic/extrinsic}} muscles of the back are are used for posture and movement of the spineDentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Deep_Fascia The {{c1::extrinsic::intrinsic/extrinsic}} muscles of the back are are used for movement of the scapula and humerusDentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Deep_Fascia {{c1::Somatic motor/efferent}} nerves carry signals for conscious control of skeletal muscleDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro {{c1::Somatic sensory/afferent}} nerves bring precise information such as pain, temperature, light touch and vibration to the CNSDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The intrinsic muscles of the back are innervated by {{c1::dorsal}} rami"<img src=""paste-1adc7f37fc4691e7ceed6539cf04340cce2af0aa.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves The suboccipital muscles of the neck are innervated by {{c1::dorsal}} rami"<img src=""paste-1adc7f37fc4691e7ceed6539cf04340cce2af0aa.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves {{c1::Visceral sensory/afferent}} nerves bring information such as osmolality of portal blood, CO2 in the blood, blood pressure, NA+ in the blood, and vague pain to the CNSDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The superficial muscles of the back are innervated by {{c1::ventral}} rami"<img src=""paste-1adc7f37fc4691e7ceed6539cf04340cce2af0aa.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves All muscles of the limbs are innervated by {{c1::ventral}} rami"<img src=""paste-1adc7f37fc4691e7ceed6539cf04340cce2af0aa.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves From the mandible down, all sensory {{c1::perikarya/cell bodies}} are located in the {{c2::DRG}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro From the mandible down, the cell bodies of {{c1::somatic motor}} neurons are located in the {{c2::ventral horn of the spinal cord}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro A {{c1::dermatome}} is all skin innervated by cells of a single {{c2::DRG}}"<img src=""paste-e348ed0ded60b08f8b842c1bbb8116295aa357c0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro Vertebral level refers to the level of the {{c1::vertebral bones}}"<img src=""paste-108b093d8c69bc96a4992358c0b9ecff7e47af31.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro Spinal level refers to the level of the {{c1::spinal cord}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro "Trapezius: O: {{c1::External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, spines of C7-T12}} I: {{c2::Spine of Scapula, Acromion, Lateral 1/3 of clavicle}} A: {{c3::Depresses, Adducts (retracts), Rotates, and Elevates scapula}} N: {{c4::CN XI (spinal accessory)}} B: {{c5::Superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery}}""<img src=""trapezius_muscle.png"" class="""">""Mnemonic for action: I DARE you to get TRAPped"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves The {{c1::filum terminale}} is the extension of the {{c2::pia}} that attaches the spinal cord to the coccyx"<img src=""paste-8c8bbd666ed09bd760e8b19706d95a5143992fb9.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro The {{c1::cauda equina}} is the spinal roots of lower lumbar and sacral spinal segments that exit the lumbar and sacral portion of the vertebral column"<img src=""paste-7cdf3d5257c9a54474fee3a4e0c345b7ff80b716.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro Latissimus dorsi: O: {{c1::Spines of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrum, posterior 1/3 of iliac crest, ribs 9-12, inferior angle of scapula::6}} I: {{c2::Floor of intertubercular groove on the proximal end of the anterior humerus}} A: {{c3::Adducts, Extends, Rotates Arm Medially, & Depresses Scapula::4}} N: {{c4::Thoracodorsal (C6-8)}} B: {{c5::Thoracodorsal artery}}"<img src=""IrtirBf6PsVLImfncXQHWQ_Musculus_latissimus_dorsi_1.png"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves Levator scapulae: O: {{c1::Transverse processes of C1-4}} I: {{c2::Superior angle of scapula}} A: {{c3::Elevates scapula and inferiorly rotates glenoid cavity::2}} N: {{c4::Dorsal scapular (C5)}} B: {{c5::Dorsal scapular artery}}"<img src=""C7i8RITvn87szl0XfZA_musculus_levator_scapulae_neutral.png"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves Rhomboid minor: O: {{c1::Spines of C7-T1}} I: {{c2::Medial border of scapula at the spine}} A: {{c3::Adducts, Elevates, and Rotates Scapula::3}} N: {{c4::Dorsal scapular (C5)}} B: {{c5::Dorsal scapular artery}}"<img src=""56053a6e72c9e497443dc017b9201f44.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves Rhomboid major: O: {{c1::Spines of T2-T5}} I: {{c2::Medial border of scapula below the spine}} A: {{c3::Adducts, Elevates, and Rotates Scapula::3}} N: {{c4::Dorsal scapular (C5)}} B: {{c5::Dorsal scapular artery}}"<img src=""9lKemJDDmPdRdxOtR3OQ_musculus_rhomboideus_major.png"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves Serratus posterior superior: O: {{c1::Nuchal ligament & Spines of C7-T3}} I: {{c2::Ribs 2-5}} A: {{c3::Elevates ribs, aid respiration, proprioception::3}} N: {{c4::Ventral rami (intercostal nerves) T2-T5}} B: {{c5::Posterior intercostal arteries T2-T5}}"<img src=""62bc2afa5bcca1f37b2ccba44e4726cc.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves 5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.41.58 PM.png"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-O.svg"" />" 5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.41.58 PM.png"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-O.svg"" />" 5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.41.58 PM.png"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-O.svg"" />" 5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.41.58 PM.png"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-O.svg"" />" 5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-5"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.41.58 PM.png"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-O.svg"" />" 5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-6"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.41.58 PM.png"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""5d123f6f29254104998c42b4201c7de3-ao-O.svg"" />" Serratus posterior inferior: O: {{c1::Spines of T11-L3 & Thoracolumbar fascia::2}} I: {{c2::Ribs 9-12}} A: {{c3::Depress ribs, aid respiration, proprioception::3}} N: {{c4::Ventral rami T9-T12 (intercostal and subcostal nerves)}} B: {{c5::Posterior intercostal arteries T9-T12}}"<img src=""cOotIBXw6fKdMs3ldRjFA_Musculus_serratus_posterior_inferior_1.png"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.49.39 PM.png"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-O.svg"" />" e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.49.39 PM.png"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-O.svg"" />" e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.49.39 PM.png"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-O.svg"" />" e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.49.39 PM.png"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-O.svg"" />" e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-5"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.49.39 PM.png"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-O.svg"" />" e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-6"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.49.39 PM.png"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e5dfe60b674c4dd0ade30b0776d8918c-ao-O.svg"" />" 4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.59.53 PM.png"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-O.svg"" />" 4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.59.53 PM.png"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-O.svg"" />" 4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.59.53 PM.png"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-O.svg"" />" 4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.59.53 PM.png"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-O.svg"" />" 4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-5"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.59.53 PM.png"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-O.svg"" />" 4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-6"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.59.53 PM.png"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-O.svg"" />" 4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-7"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 4.59.53 PM.png"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4c4985cdcd6c4d0487f48d770e123f41-ao-O.svg"" />" 058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 5.12.18 PM.png"" />""<img src=""058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-O.svg"" />" 058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 5.12.18 PM.png"" />""<img src=""058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-O.svg"" />" 058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 5.12.18 PM.png"" />""<img src=""058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-O.svg"" />" 058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 5.12.18 PM.png"" />""<img src=""058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-O.svg"" />" 058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-5"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 5.12.18 PM.png"" />""<img src=""058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""058ef2dd723c481a97cb204e2dbf5a2e-ao-O.svg"" />" {{c1::Gastrulation}} is the formation of the {{c2::3 primary germ layers}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation {{c1::Neurulation}} is the formation of the {{c2::neural tube}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation The {{c1::neural tube}} will form the {{c2::brain}} & {{c2::spinal cord}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation {{c1::Epithelial cells}} are {{c2::polarized}} because of their {{c3::apical}} and {{c3::basal}} surfacesDentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Cell Types {{c1::Epithelial cells}} sit on top of a {{c2::basement membrane}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Cell Types "{{c1::Mesenchymal}} cells are not polarized in the ECM"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Cell Types {{c1::Mesenchymal}} cells are surrounded by ECM and migrate through the ECMDentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Cell Types {{c1::Epithelial-mesencymal cell transformation}} is when {{c2::epithelial}} cells transform into {{c2::mesenchymal}} cells to migrate through the ECMDentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Cell Types The {{c1::ecto}}derm forms the {{c2::skin}} and {{c2::nervous system}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation The {{c1::meso}}derm forms the {{c2::muscle}}, {{c2::heart}}, and {{c2::skeleton}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation The {{c1::endo}}derm forms the inner layer and lining of the {{c2::GI tract}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation All three germ layers form from {{c1::epiblast}} cellsDentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation {{c1::Gastrulation}} begins in the {{c2::early 3rd::specific}} week of development and is complete by the {{c2::end of the 4th::specific}} weekDentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation {{c1::Gastrulation}} occurs through the {{c2::primitive streak}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation The {{c1::primitive streak}} is formed by thickening of the {{c2::epiblasts}} in the midlineDentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation {{c1::Ingression}} of epiblasts through the {{c2::primitive groove}} forms {{c3::mesoderm}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation <div>Epiblasts that ingress through the primitive groove replace {{c1::hypoblasts}} to form {{c2::definitive endoderm}}</div>"<img src=""paste-c6d92fb7bd98ca0279d1f26f8ad4e6184ba1eb07.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-8574aff3869b1bae97b98e4fe1aa7a075b032027.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-83f54fa3cf819a2d083e7c312d771f0f2d8de986.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-dea6242bbdddf30d32154cd3bbd4e17e92276a55.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation The spinal portion of CN XI has motor fibers from the ventral rami of the {{c1::C1}}-{{c1::C5}} spinal cord segments"<img src=""Extracranial-Course-of-the-Accessory-Nerve.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 5.57.09 PM.png"" />""<img src=""c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 5.57.09 PM.png"" />""<img src=""c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 5.57.09 PM.png"" />""<img src=""c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 5.57.09 PM.png"" />""<img src=""c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""c6be352038c34597adf33f4e6f334f8c-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation CN XI exits the skull through the {{c1::jugular foramen}} enters the cranium through the {{c1::foramen magnum}}DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves 44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 5.59.37 PM.png"" />""<img src=""44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 5.59.37 PM.png"" />""<img src=""44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 5.59.37 PM.png"" />""<img src=""44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 5.59.37 PM.png"" />""<img src=""44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-5"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 5.59.37 PM.png"" />""<img src=""44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""44f18f27392441f3b40a9871c877e9db-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation A patient who presents with shoulder drop, shoulder weakness, and difficulty raising the upper limb above 90 degrees likely has damage of the {{c1::spinal accessory (CN XI)}} nerve"<img src=""paste-ec04eda8f43f9b5cbed27f1ca78c81361ddbc41e.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves Attachments of the intertubercular groove from lateral to medial are the {{c1::pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and teres major::3}}"<img src=""paste-3cfc2e3733781f89606794324603d6eae61a9169.jpg"" class="""">"Lady between two MajorsDentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves The tendon which runs through the intertubercular groove is from the {{c1::long head of the biceps brachii}}"<img src=""paste-3cfc2e3733781f89606794324603d6eae61a9169.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves The thoracodorsal nerve comes from the ventral rami of roots {{c1::C6-C8}} which form the {{c2::posterior cord}} of the brachial plexus"<img src=""paste-67950074e859bbbeb1da1c2c56def06c46b8f0a5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves 1b7287b880494b3c83c306b55aeec89c-ao-1"<img src=""tmpidkmq5ue.png"" />""<img src=""1b7287b880494b3c83c306b55aeec89c-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""1b7287b880494b3c83c306b55aeec89c-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""1b7287b880494b3c83c306b55aeec89c-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves Nerves will normally be found on the {{c1::deep}} surface of the muscle they innervateDentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves 456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-1"<img src=""tmpw27stgz_.png"" />""<img src=""456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves 456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-2"<img src=""tmpw27stgz_.png"" />""<img src=""456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves 456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-3"<img src=""tmpw27stgz_.png"" />""<img src=""456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves 456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-4"<img src=""tmpw27stgz_.png"" />""<img src=""456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""456f2ac06f864815b787a3ae67ae2484-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves The {{c2::dorsal scapular}} nerve comes from the ventral ramus of {{c1::C5}} and exits between the {{c1::C4}} and {{c1::C5}} vertebrae"<img src=""paste-7ebe1e991e503d7a8f704d0922bcc32c1dc755e7.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves f41fafbcbeb7489f8474d0a1485fc98b-ao-1"<img src=""tmp5rpaig88.png"" />""<img src=""f41fafbcbeb7489f8474d0a1485fc98b-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f41fafbcbeb7489f8474d0a1485fc98b-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f41fafbcbeb7489f8474d0a1485fc98b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves f41fafbcbeb7489f8474d0a1485fc98b-ao-2"<img src=""tmp5rpaig88.png"" />""<img src=""f41fafbcbeb7489f8474d0a1485fc98b-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f41fafbcbeb7489f8474d0a1485fc98b-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f41fafbcbeb7489f8474d0a1485fc98b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves The Latissimus dorsi and Trapezius compose the {{c1::1st::#}} layer of superficial back musclesDentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves The levator scapulae and rhomboids compose the {{c1::2nd::#}} layer of superficial back musclesDentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves 5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.17.27 PM.png"" />""<img src=""5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.17.27 PM.png"" />""<img src=""5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.17.27 PM.png"" />""<img src=""5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.17.27 PM.png"" />""<img src=""5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""5a3a5d26935b4c11b74e871024c2a143-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation The serratus posterior superior and inferior compose the {{c1::3rd::#}} layer of superficial back musclesDentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Muscles_&_Nerves The superficial muscles of the back receive blood from branches of the {{c1::thyrocervical trunk}} or {{c2::subclavian}} arteriesDentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.19.09 PM.png"" />""<img src=""4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.19.09 PM.png"" />""<img src=""4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.19.09 PM.png"" />""<img src=""4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.19.09 PM.png"" />""<img src=""4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-5"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.19.09 PM.png"" />""<img src=""4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4723475b0d8a41c29ecb10976d58eaff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-1"<img src=""tmp61havf8d.png"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-2"<img src=""tmp61havf8d.png"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-3"<img src=""tmp61havf8d.png"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-4"<img src=""tmp61havf8d.png"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-5"<img src=""tmp61havf8d.png"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-6"<img src=""tmp61havf8d.png"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-7"<img src=""tmp61havf8d.png"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-8"<img src=""tmp61havf8d.png"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-8-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-8-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8e2007d414194de2a57581af22bdbd2b-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature bcd4b07d084746189dd3a10069b27644-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.21.01 PM.png"" />""<img src=""bcd4b07d084746189dd3a10069b27644-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""bcd4b07d084746189dd3a10069b27644-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""bcd4b07d084746189dd3a10069b27644-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation bcd4b07d084746189dd3a10069b27644-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.21.01 PM.png"" />""<img src=""bcd4b07d084746189dd3a10069b27644-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""bcd4b07d084746189dd3a10069b27644-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""bcd4b07d084746189dd3a10069b27644-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation bcd4b07d084746189dd3a10069b27644-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.21.01 PM.png"" />""<img src=""bcd4b07d084746189dd3a10069b27644-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""bcd4b07d084746189dd3a10069b27644-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""bcd4b07d084746189dd3a10069b27644-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 565d9ca7ead74e6baacfebdc4f1c5d19-ao-1"<img src=""tmppk4sc_g9.png"" />""<img src=""565d9ca7ead74e6baacfebdc4f1c5d19-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""565d9ca7ead74e6baacfebdc4f1c5d19-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""565d9ca7ead74e6baacfebdc4f1c5d19-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 565d9ca7ead74e6baacfebdc4f1c5d19-ao-2"<img src=""tmppk4sc_g9.png"" />""<img src=""565d9ca7ead74e6baacfebdc4f1c5d19-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""565d9ca7ead74e6baacfebdc4f1c5d19-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""565d9ca7ead74e6baacfebdc4f1c5d19-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature The second layer of superficial back muscles all receive their blood from the {{c1::dorsal scapular}} artery"Levator scapulae, rhomboids <img src=""paste-4ce416a38df6191d5ca2a5b7aceb573f04a71732.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 1268px; width: 1015px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature c646a26371214fda93d451d2a22f5e5d-ao-1"<img src=""tmpv28cwjat.png"" />""<img src=""c646a26371214fda93d451d2a22f5e5d-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""c646a26371214fda93d451d2a22f5e5d-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""c646a26371214fda93d451d2a22f5e5d-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 14557b4e22b84b979f2b5493178266f9-ao-1"<img src=""tmp2sabu6f_.png"" />""<img src=""14557b4e22b84b979f2b5493178266f9-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""14557b4e22b84b979f2b5493178266f9-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""14557b4e22b84b979f2b5493178266f9-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature {{c1::Ingression}} of epiblast cells during gastrulation is the result of a(n) {{c2::epithelial}} to {{c2::mesenchymal}} cell transformation"<img src=""paste-3b1f3f609c7741942568fa2c052532187a1379ec.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation Migratory mesodermal cells are a(n) {{c2::mesenchymal}} cell typeDentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation {{c1::Subclavian}} artery → {{c2::Axillary}} artery → {{c3::Subscapular}} artery → {{c4::Circumflex Scapular}} and {{c4::Thoracodorsal}} arteries"<img src=""paste-fd0adc6b26db0a6cbf9f707c0cb9b671289dc154.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature Epiblast that remains on the surface forms {{c1::ecto}}dermDentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 3b7c1407d0dc41bf9c2c5c0cd18fc64c-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.27.36 PM.png"" />""<img src=""3b7c1407d0dc41bf9c2c5c0cd18fc64c-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""3b7c1407d0dc41bf9c2c5c0cd18fc64c-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""3b7c1407d0dc41bf9c2c5c0cd18fc64c-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 3b7c1407d0dc41bf9c2c5c0cd18fc64c-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.27.36 PM.png"" />""<img src=""3b7c1407d0dc41bf9c2c5c0cd18fc64c-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""3b7c1407d0dc41bf9c2c5c0cd18fc64c-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""3b7c1407d0dc41bf9c2c5c0cd18fc64c-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 3b7c1407d0dc41bf9c2c5c0cd18fc64c-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.27.36 PM.png"" />""<img src=""3b7c1407d0dc41bf9c2c5c0cd18fc64c-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""3b7c1407d0dc41bf9c2c5c0cd18fc64c-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""3b7c1407d0dc41bf9c2c5c0cd18fc64c-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-1"<img src=""tmpwrkzehi0.png"" />""<img src=""ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-2"<img src=""tmpwrkzehi0.png"" />""<img src=""ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-3"<img src=""tmpwrkzehi0.png"" />""<img src=""ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-4"<img src=""tmpwrkzehi0.png"" />""<img src=""ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""ae367623ce644231986e8bc4dff9c072-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-1"<img src=""tmpp7444c4j.png"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-2"<img src=""tmpp7444c4j.png"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-3"<img src=""tmpp7444c4j.png"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-4"<img src=""tmpp7444c4j.png"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-5"<img src=""tmpp7444c4j.png"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-6"<img src=""tmpp7444c4j.png"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature 0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-7"<img src=""tmpp7444c4j.png"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0104bc197b83488faf4f0231aa2a6d6a-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature Epiblast that moves into the middle layer of the embryonic disc forms {{c1::mesoderm}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation Epiblast that replaces {{c1::hypoblast}} becomes {{c2::endoderm}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.39.02 PM.png"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.39.02 PM.png"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.39.02 PM.png"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.39.02 PM.png"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-5"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.39.02 PM.png"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-6"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.39.02 PM.png"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-7"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.39.02 PM.png"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""402b2ca1b2a64e9ca787cc751bafcd30-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation <div>The {{c1::oropharyngeal}} and {{c1::cloacal}} membranes are created by tight adhesion between the {{c2::endoderm}} and {{c2::ectoderm}}, but excludes {{c2::mesoderm}}.</div>Hypoblasts are never replaced, so tissue is never vascularizedDentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation Mesoderm migrates cranially to form the {{c1::cardiogenic}} regionDentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.47.14 PM.png"" />""<img src=""de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.47.14 PM.png"" />""<img src=""de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.47.14 PM.png"" />""<img src=""de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.47.14 PM.png"" />""<img src=""de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""de3c09c65ac041cc84f2c0def3e1e8fd-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.56.21 PM.png"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.56.21 PM.png"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.56.21 PM.png"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.56.21 PM.png"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-5"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.56.21 PM.png"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-6"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.56.21 PM.png"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation 6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-7"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 6.56.21 PM.png"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""6bb92293280348f28e63aa39ec772e46-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation {{c1::Sacrococcygeal Teratoma}} results from a lack of regression of the {{c2::primitive streak}}"Notice that the tumor contains hair and teeth. Recall that the primitive streak is composed of an outer layer of epiblasts, which are multipotent. This can lead to the tumor containing derivatives of any germ layer, including the ectoderm. It is the most common germ-cell tumor of infancy and early childhood, and can result in bowel obstruction, limb weakness, and paralysis if left untreated, however it associated with a good prognosis in developed countries. <img src=""paste-65f3dc0c5fbcddfb06eaa07eb109b978e050f545.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 928.352px; width: 1560px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Gastrulation {{c1::Neurulation}} is the process by which the {{c2::neural tube}} is formed.DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation <div>The neural tube is formed and closed by the end of the {{c1::4th}} week of development.</div>DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation <div>{{c1::Neural crest}} cells form as the {{c2::neural tube}} closes</div>DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation {{c1::Neural crest}} cells form {{c2::peripheral}} ganglia and {{c2::Schwann}} cells of the nervous systemDentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation c59b3052376641e9b1485aa7da56f44d-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.13.41 PM.png"" />""<img src=""c59b3052376641e9b1485aa7da56f44d-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""c59b3052376641e9b1485aa7da56f44d-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""c59b3052376641e9b1485aa7da56f44d-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation c59b3052376641e9b1485aa7da56f44d-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.13.41 PM.png"" />""<img src=""c59b3052376641e9b1485aa7da56f44d-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""c59b3052376641e9b1485aa7da56f44d-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""c59b3052376641e9b1485aa7da56f44d-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation c59b3052376641e9b1485aa7da56f44d-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.13.41 PM.png"" />""<img src=""c59b3052376641e9b1485aa7da56f44d-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""c59b3052376641e9b1485aa7da56f44d-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""c59b3052376641e9b1485aa7da56f44d-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation 53889eb26a3c453b968c9b6b1c8c8be2-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.15.22 PM.png"" />""<img src=""53889eb26a3c453b968c9b6b1c8c8be2-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""53889eb26a3c453b968c9b6b1c8c8be2-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""53889eb26a3c453b968c9b6b1c8c8be2-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation 53889eb26a3c453b968c9b6b1c8c8be2-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.15.22 PM.png"" />""<img src=""53889eb26a3c453b968c9b6b1c8c8be2-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""53889eb26a3c453b968c9b6b1c8c8be2-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""53889eb26a3c453b968c9b6b1c8c8be2-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation 6dcd7b1bc9e64294b4cc4d3915a7167e-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.17.11 PM.png"" />""<img src=""6dcd7b1bc9e64294b4cc4d3915a7167e-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""6dcd7b1bc9e64294b4cc4d3915a7167e-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""6dcd7b1bc9e64294b4cc4d3915a7167e-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation Neuroectoderm undergoes an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation to become {{c2::Neural crest cells}}"<img src=""paste-0c75841973fded8b8d0c401e38024da3268d86d3.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation Neural tube defects can be detected by {{c1::ultrasound}} or measuring {{c1::αFP}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects The {{c1::notochord}} induces the neural tube and mesoderm organization. {{c1::Folic Acid}} reduces neural tube defects and is a dietary supplement in cereal grains DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects 527cf0af9339456aa0fb998861f5e336-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.24.29 PM.png"" />""<img src=""527cf0af9339456aa0fb998861f5e336-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""527cf0af9339456aa0fb998861f5e336-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""527cf0af9339456aa0fb998861f5e336-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects 9258166747784b1194841a7c6b932c07-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.26.03 PM.png"" />""<img src=""9258166747784b1194841a7c6b932c07-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""9258166747784b1194841a7c6b932c07-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""9258166747784b1194841a7c6b932c07-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects The mesoderm is organized into {{c1::paraxial}}, {{c2::intermediate}} and {{c3::lateral plate}} mesoderm"Mesoderm is a germ layer that can be mesenchymal or epithelial tissue. <img src=""paste-1951309aea6205861502f20b36903e43313df28f.jpg"" class="""">" 8a2e1da7346d4d668398ba598ad1bb0f-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.27.03 PM.png"" />""<img src=""8a2e1da7346d4d668398ba598ad1bb0f-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8a2e1da7346d4d668398ba598ad1bb0f-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8a2e1da7346d4d668398ba598ad1bb0f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects 8a2e1da7346d4d668398ba598ad1bb0f-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.27.03 PM.png"" />""<img src=""8a2e1da7346d4d668398ba598ad1bb0f-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8a2e1da7346d4d668398ba598ad1bb0f-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8a2e1da7346d4d668398ba598ad1bb0f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects 8a2e1da7346d4d668398ba598ad1bb0f-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.27.03 PM.png"" />""<img src=""8a2e1da7346d4d668398ba598ad1bb0f-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8a2e1da7346d4d668398ba598ad1bb0f-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8a2e1da7346d4d668398ba598ad1bb0f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.29.14 PM.png"" />""<img src=""cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.29.14 PM.png"" />""<img src=""cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.29.14 PM.png"" />""<img src=""cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.29.14 PM.png"" />""<img src=""cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""cfba00cdf1f44d7eb6a1c597243d4377-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects {{c1::Neural crest}} cells migrate along defined pathways to reach final destinationDentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects {{c2::Neural crest cells}} migrate out to form the {{c1::peripheral}} nervous systemDentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects {{c1::Neural crest cells}} form {{c1::peripheral ganglia}} (sensory and autonomic) and {{c1::schwann cells}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects Neural crest cells in the head and neck form the {{c1::brachial arches}}, {{c1::mesenchyme}}, and {{c1::odontoblasts}}Odontoblasts form dentin of teethDentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects A defect in neural crest migration is called a(n) {{c1::neurocristopathy}}DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects {{c1::Hirschprung's disease}} is a aganglionic megacolon DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects Mesoderm migrates through the entire disk except at the {{c1::oropharyngeal and clocacal membranes}} "{{c1::CHARGE syndrome}} is a deficiency in migration of {{c2::cervical neural crest cells::specific}} beginning in the second month ""Coloboma Heart anomalies choanal Atresia Retardation of growth and development Genital anomalies Ear anomalies ""Frequently present in various combinations and to varying degrees in individuals with CHARGE syndrome. It is an autosomal dominant mutation in the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein-7 gene.<div>Because ectomesenchymal neural crest cells form much of the facial skeleton, including dentition, neurocristopathies in the cranial region can result in dental/oral cavity malformations.""</div> <img src=""paste-084d058b9c90a0ded24b67095a7bb01ef54397cd.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 525px; width: 666px;""><img src=""paste-fc6f3707bbcc1719b72eea20fda4574297295cd6.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 343px; width: 464px;""> "DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.43.43 PM.png"" />""<img src=""b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-O.svg"" />" b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.43.43 PM.png"" />""<img src=""b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-O.svg"" />" b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.43.43 PM.png"" />""<img src=""b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-O.svg"" />" b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.43.43 PM.png"" />""<img src=""b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b7297e9779644a7d88ef9eeaebf7c8ef-ao-O.svg"" />" 67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.48.52 PM.png"" />""<img src=""67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-O.svg"" />" 67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.48.52 PM.png"" />""<img src=""67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-O.svg"" />" 67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.48.52 PM.png"" />""<img src=""67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-O.svg"" />" 67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.48.52 PM.png"" />""<img src=""67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""67245fd0fda145c389c38e83622045e0-ao-O.svg"" />" Paraxial mesoderm will first reorganize into {{c1::segmented somitomeres}}"<img src=""paste-173061896e50045a112b3eeba848354eddd94ef3.jpg"" class="""">"It is segmented to give the design plan of of vertebra. Called somitomeres because it is not fully segmented. b57793d221aa407d8a82076a6fce8389-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.58.26 PM.png"" />""<img src=""b57793d221aa407d8a82076a6fce8389-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b57793d221aa407d8a82076a6fce8389-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b57793d221aa407d8a82076a6fce8389-ao-O.svg"" />" b57793d221aa407d8a82076a6fce8389-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 7.58.26 PM.png"" />""<img src=""b57793d221aa407d8a82076a6fce8389-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b57793d221aa407d8a82076a6fce8389-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b57793d221aa407d8a82076a6fce8389-ao-O.svg"" />" 4a47ad658cd14b95a53ddba59cc0e32f-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.08.48 PM.png"" />""<img src=""4a47ad658cd14b95a53ddba59cc0e32f-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4a47ad658cd14b95a53ddba59cc0e32f-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4a47ad658cd14b95a53ddba59cc0e32f-ao-O.svg"" />" 3c5684893fe342f1b9924b1ce4bd95e0-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.13.09 PM.png"" />""<img src=""3c5684893fe342f1b9924b1ce4bd95e0-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""3c5684893fe342f1b9924b1ce4bd95e0-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""3c5684893fe342f1b9924b1ce4bd95e0-ao-O.svg"" />" 3c5684893fe342f1b9924b1ce4bd95e0-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.13.09 PM.png"" />""<img src=""3c5684893fe342f1b9924b1ce4bd95e0-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""3c5684893fe342f1b9924b1ce4bd95e0-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""3c5684893fe342f1b9924b1ce4bd95e0-ao-O.svg"" />" a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.14.14 PM.png"" />""<img src=""a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-O.svg"" />" a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.14.14 PM.png"" />""<img src=""a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-O.svg"" />" a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.14.14 PM.png"" />""<img src=""a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-O.svg"" />" a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.14.14 PM.png"" />""<img src=""a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""a9671f4f87c7432995c09b03d6e4ad80-ao-O.svg"" />" e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.15.18 PM.png"" />""<img src=""e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-O.svg"" />" e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.15.18 PM.png"" />""<img src=""e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-O.svg"" />" e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.15.18 PM.png"" />""<img src=""e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-O.svg"" />" e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.15.18 PM.png"" />""<img src=""e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e90e17ee030d4b81b002899873b67e63-ao-O.svg"" />" 8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.18.17 PM.png"" />""<img src=""8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-O.svg"" />" 8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.18.17 PM.png"" />""<img src=""8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-O.svg"" />" 8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.18.17 PM.png"" />""<img src=""8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-O.svg"" />" 8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.18.17 PM.png"" />""<img src=""8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""8619a4a327e044f1ad09ff0fcd00861d-ao-O.svg"" />" ce9156560eb64ec7b808cdab2e12cc00-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.20.38 PM.png"" />""<img src=""ce9156560eb64ec7b808cdab2e12cc00-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""ce9156560eb64ec7b808cdab2e12cc00-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""ce9156560eb64ec7b808cdab2e12cc00-ao-O.svg"" />" ce9156560eb64ec7b808cdab2e12cc00-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.20.38 PM.png"" />""<img src=""ce9156560eb64ec7b808cdab2e12cc00-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""ce9156560eb64ec7b808cdab2e12cc00-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""ce9156560eb64ec7b808cdab2e12cc00-ao-O.svg"" />" 2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.22.11 PM.png"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-O.svg"" />" 2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.22.11 PM.png"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-O.svg"" />" 2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.22.11 PM.png"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-O.svg"" />" 2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.22.11 PM.png"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-O.svg"" />" 2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-5"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.22.11 PM.png"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-O.svg"" />" 2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-6"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.22.11 PM.png"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-O.svg"" />" 2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-7"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.22.11 PM.png"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-O.svg"" />" 2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-8"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.22.11 PM.png"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-8-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-8-A.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-O.svg"" />" 2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-9"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.22.11 PM.png"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-9-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-9-A.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-O.svg"" />" 2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-10"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.22.11 PM.png"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-10-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-10-A.svg"" />""<img src=""2ec5d49669ce4d09968e7f84c73ea7f8-ao-O.svg"" />" b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.24.53 PM.png"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-O.svg"" />" b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-2"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.24.53 PM.png"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-O.svg"" />" b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-3"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.24.53 PM.png"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-O.svg"" />" b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-4"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.24.53 PM.png"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-O.svg"" />" b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-5"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.24.53 PM.png"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-O.svg"" />" b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-6"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.24.53 PM.png"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-O.svg"" />" b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-7"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.24.53 PM.png"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b63f06bd604847f6a790bedee7e591d0-ao-O.svg"" />" A patient who presents with a single brain ventricle with cyclopia is characteristic of {{c1::holoprosencephaly}}"<img src=""paste-78839e75a4760129b2377fee9ac111f6aabd3008.jpg"" class="""">"Genetic defect - defect in sonic hedgehog gene one possible cause is alcohol 5adbc4a6aa61412c9084e2e91b7bc527-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.30.23 PM.png"" />""<img src=""5adbc4a6aa61412c9084e2e91b7bc527-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""5adbc4a6aa61412c9084e2e91b7bc527-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""5adbc4a6aa61412c9084e2e91b7bc527-ao-O.svg"" />" fe9b125eeab1416098aed3a34cb36c71-ao-1"<img src=""Screen Shot 2021-06-07 at 8.32.40 PM.png"" />""<img src=""fe9b125eeab1416098aed3a34cb36c71-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""fe9b125eeab1416098aed3a34cb36c71-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""fe9b125eeab1416098aed3a34cb36c71-ao-O.svg"" />" A defect in {{c3::gastrulation::process}} which results in insufficient {{c2::mesoderm}} migration to the caudal-most region is {{c1::sirenomelia}}"<img src=""paste-f895144c409c79fc451c45b0627ffde6b3dd0e1e.jpg"" class="""">" ALL skeletal muscles in the trunk & limbs are derived from the {{c1::dermamyotome}} layer of the somites"Trunk somites <img src=""paste-e60d01eb732b8426006fdddec09715534d7f0612.jpg"" class="""">" Derivatives of {{c2::Intermediate}} Mesoderm form the {{c1::urogenital system}}  including gonads, ducts and accessory glands The {{c1::splanchnic}} lateral plate mesoderm forms the {{c2::visceral}} membranes of pericardium, pleura & peritoneum "{{c1::Somatic lateral plate mesoderm}} participates with the {{c2::dermamyotome}} to from the body wall" The {{c1::Thoracic}} and {{c1::Sacral}} regions of the spine retain their fetal curvature"<img src=""paste-e6c85cda61eacb6ddbac7277684c5d84c4848488.jpg"">" {{c1::Kyphosis}} is the outward bend of the spine that is present in the adult {{c2::thoracic}} and {{c2::sacral}} regions."<img src=""paste-e6c85cda61eacb6ddbac7277684c5d84c4848488.jpg"">" {{c1::Lordosis}} is the inward bend of the spine that is present in the adult {{c2::cervical}} and {{c2::lumbar}} regions."<img src=""paste-e6c85cda61eacb6ddbac7277684c5d84c4848488.jpg"">" {{c1::Scoliosis}} is an unnatural lateral flexion of the spine."<img src=""paste-277b1c6dd198ae6bad49d4aac39de3bef385a886.jpg"" class="""">" {{c1::Hyperkyphosis}} is an unnatural flexion of the spine."<img src=""paste-6ba30c21bfa313cb8739989b41a9e1a70a2d8380.jpg"" class="""">" {{c1::Hyperlordosis}} is an unnatural extension of the spine"HyperLordosis Leans back <img src=""paste-83e0f1d6c0ef6bb005793ea1ff6ee635613488c6.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 810px; width: 334px;"">" 970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-1"<img src=""tmpfrfrevbe.png"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-2"<img src=""tmpfrfrevbe.png"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-3"<img src=""tmpfrfrevbe.png"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-4"<img src=""tmpfrfrevbe.png"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-5"<img src=""tmpfrfrevbe.png"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-6"<img src=""tmpfrfrevbe.png"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""970dcf57d679484a9cce29e5a09a5cdb-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-1"<img src=""tmpd0j4i_0g.png"" />""<img src=""a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-2"<img src=""tmpd0j4i_0g.png"" />""<img src=""a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-3"<img src=""tmpd0j4i_0g.png"" />""<img src=""a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-4"<img src=""tmpd0j4i_0g.png"" />""<img src=""a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""a0152796ab4d411da30185047ec127d5-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra {{c1::Cervical}} vertebrae have two unique features: a(n) {{c2::transverse foramen}} and a(n) {{c2::bifid/split spinous process}}"<img src=""paste-8a9fbe80ba27f132f4bbcc8680b01643bcff7808.jpg"">""""Sid the Sloth"""DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The {{c1::Atlas/C1}} vertebrae articulates superiorly with the {{c2::occipital condyles}} and allows the skull to {{c3::rock back and forth::movement}}"Nodding head ""yes"""DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The ANS is a {{c1::Visceral}} Motor SystemDentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Motor neurons in the ANS are {{c1::multi}}polar neurons"<img src=""paste-20ba86608b83ab22080ab661da9ae2d1297eb56b.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro The {{c1::dens}} of the {{c2::Axis/C2}} vertebrae goes up into the {{c2::Atlas/C1}} vertebrae.DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra "The pictured vertebrae is the {{c1::Atlas/C1}} <img src=""paste-8e41d7a8f7c2f6933e6d618563cf1561dfbe9be2.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra "The pictured vertebrae is the {{c1::Axis/C2}} <img src=""paste-e8139ca79711bb4233225c5d64a0018f7a7bb333.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 713px; width: 882px;"">""<img src=""paste-5e8f47cc1e6d5686d1c3aa3cfd9381185ff7d2ea.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The ANS is derived from the {{c1::splanchnic}} lateral plate mesoderm and {{c2::endoderm}}"<img src=""paste-a9405e2c21049355446bb51d0d9ca731dc6a7ec9.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro {{c1::Vertebral}} arteries pass through the {{c2::Transverse foramen}} of {{c3::C1}}-{{c3::C6}}"<img src=""paste-9f53ac0b72cfc983d999e9423a9ad56b5e2416a1.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra {{c1::Spinal Nerves}} pass through the {{c2::intervertebral foramen}} in the spine."<img src=""paste-ef6bf1f45e5d4be2358f94ab15fd144ee241337c.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The ANS innervates {{c1::glands}}, {{c2::cardiac muscle}}, and {{c3::smooth muscle}}"<img src=""paste-a9405e2c21049355446bb51d0d9ca731dc6a7ec9.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro "The pictured vertebrae is an example of a {{c1::Thoracic}} vertebrae. <img src=""paste-30767f323fbab3274dc462a52410e7187233179c.jpg"">""<img src=""paste-de7ff4e98b583338eae1011f8202c715a059648b.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra "The circled areas are {{c1::Costal facets}} which serve as {{c1::rib}} attachments. <img src=""paste-10b4ce4be2b344000c640f3ed17767d2afd64ec5.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra "The pictured vertebrae are examples of {{c1::Lumbar}} vertebrae <img src=""paste-ed145dd4b63545da0ddd77be0d91248783c87fba.jpg"">""<img src=""paste-ba946f7abf778d2122bb68e51075b7a2340ac49d.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The {{c1::Mamillary process}} is a unique feature of the superior facets of {{c2::Lumbar}} vertebrae."<img src=""paste-81f3878ddd0905828453c19ae8accd15e0170fe5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra "The large, fused bone is the {{c1::Sacrum}} <img src=""paste-9ee43cd1fb2802530a48ad7bb9d54ba81f8dfd40.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 1155px; width: 1155px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra Nerves of the ANS travel through the {{c1::intermediolateral}} cell column of the spinal cord"IML = lateral horn <img src=""paste-04cf588359f0dcd0c262c4e60e6f8c2795e21a1e.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro The primary purpose of the {{c1::Sacrum}} is to transmit body weight to the {{c2::lower limbs}}DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-1"<img src=""tmp8e33do5e.png"" />""<img src=""61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-2"<img src=""tmp8e33do5e.png"" />""<img src=""61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-3"<img src=""tmp8e33do5e.png"" />""<img src=""61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-4"<img src=""tmp8e33do5e.png"" />""<img src=""61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-5"<img src=""tmp8e33do5e.png"" />""<img src=""61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""61b0e7a8ca72444fabfedeb405f9c6e0-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra Collections of neuron cell bodies in the PNS are called {{c1::ganglia}}, and the axons are called {{c1::nerves}}"<img src=""paste-7b5327669586a3ab56e4e63a7689af5fe1717f8e.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro The {{c1::spinous}} process is missing from the 5th {{c2::sacral}} vertebraeForms sacral hiatusDentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-1"<img src=""tmp9hq1l3v4.png"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-2"<img src=""tmp9hq1l3v4.png"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-3"<img src=""tmp9hq1l3v4.png"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-4"<img src=""tmp9hq1l3v4.png"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-5"<img src=""tmp9hq1l3v4.png"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-6"<img src=""tmp9hq1l3v4.png"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-7"<img src=""tmp9hq1l3v4.png"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-8"<img src=""tmp9hq1l3v4.png"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-8-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-8-A.svg"" />""<img src=""55a0716d641b457d9949044686286043-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra Signals such as blood osmolality, CO2 levels, blood pressure, Na+ levels, and pain from organs are carried by {{c1::visceral afferent::specific}} nervesDentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro The joint between two vertebral facets is called a {{c1::Zygaphophysial}} joint."Type of synovial joint <img src=""paste-1df0bf4b3923ce875cc5dfd30bd0c350718a662a.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 790px; width: 624px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-1"<img src=""tmp6trw3kmq.png"" />""<img src=""3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-2"<img src=""tmp6trw3kmq.png"" />""<img src=""3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-3"<img src=""tmp6trw3kmq.png"" />""<img src=""3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-4"<img src=""tmp6trw3kmq.png"" />""<img src=""3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-5"<img src=""tmp6trw3kmq.png"" />""<img src=""3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""3621064cfa384895b4976a1b04d3a95f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra Common causes of pain that would be carried by visceral afferent nerves include {{c1::contractions/cramps}}, {{c2::ischemia}}, and {{c3::distension}}.DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro {{c1::IV Disks}} are rings of {{c2::fibrocartilage}} that attach to the {{c3::epiphysial rim}} of superior and inferior vertebrae."<img src=""paste-c48257274f6930ac6b06a7209e40fd2872cb692f.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra Visceral efferents use a(n) {{c1::2::#}} neuron connection to send signals"<img src=""paste-606a256861998439a5dda254f6beac7140d1a437.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro {{c1::Nucleus pulposus}} is the semi-fluid gel in the middle of the {{c2::IV Disks}} that is a remnant of the {{c3::notochord}}"<img src=""paste-c48257274f6930ac6b06a7209e40fd2872cb692f.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The first IV Disk appears between {{c1::C2/C3}} and the last IV Disk appears between {{c2::L5/S1}}"<img src=""paste-c48257274f6930ac6b06a7209e40fd2872cb692f.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra Visceral efferent nerves have {{c1::pre::pre/post}}ganglionic axons coming from neurons in the CNS"<img src=""paste-606a256861998439a5dda254f6beac7140d1a437.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Visceral efferent nerves have {{c1::post::pre/post}}ganglionic axons coming from ganglion cells"Remember, it is possible for sympathetics to pass through the sympathetic chain without synapsing, but they will still synapse in a preaortic ganglia before travelling to their target tissue <img src=""paste-606a256861998439a5dda254f6beac7140d1a437.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 371px; width: 1434px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro 55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-1"<img src=""tmpplcfv8a8.png"" />""<img src=""55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-2"<img src=""tmpplcfv8a8.png"" />""<img src=""55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-3"<img src=""tmpplcfv8a8.png"" />""<img src=""55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-4"<img src=""tmpplcfv8a8.png"" />""<img src=""55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""55c0965158dc43c3bde337fbbbb3b19a-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 88c608cbeaa84f278adbb48a42d72f52-ao-1"<img src=""tmpd3523c0z.png"" />""<img src=""88c608cbeaa84f278adbb48a42d72f52-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""88c608cbeaa84f278adbb48a42d72f52-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""88c608cbeaa84f278adbb48a42d72f52-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 88c608cbeaa84f278adbb48a42d72f52-ao-2"<img src=""tmpd3523c0z.png"" />""<img src=""88c608cbeaa84f278adbb48a42d72f52-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""88c608cbeaa84f278adbb48a42d72f52-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""88c608cbeaa84f278adbb48a42d72f52-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The {{c1::Atlanto-Axial}} joint includes two articular facet connections as well as {{c2::the dens}}"<img src=""paste-97fab732f2273f5fb71969f4bb145311990b808c.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-1"<img src=""tmpw876o8nh.png"" />""<img src=""0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-2"<img src=""tmpw876o8nh.png"" />""<img src=""0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-3"<img src=""tmpw876o8nh.png"" />""<img src=""0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-4"<img src=""tmpw876o8nh.png"" />""<img src=""0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0874563126824cf69dc0912c4623da4d-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The spine is vascularized by the {{c1::posterior::anterior/posterior}} branches of regional arteries"<img src=""paste-73255b0681664dea89ee4d1c13bc64c382a63103.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra Vertebral {{c1::veins}} lack {{c2::valves}}, which makes them dangerous when a patient has {{c3::cancer}}"Vertebral veins communicate with many veins from other regions, such as the pelvis Lumbar metastases commonly seen in prostate cancer <img src=""paste-592e2425018332e2d709242eee2cdf86711d28a3.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The adult spinal cord begins at the {{c1::foramen magnum}} and ends at the {{c2::L2}} vertebraeDentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The {{c1::Cauda Equina}} is the extension of nerves roots past the end of the spinal cord and down the {{c2::sacral canal}}"<img src=""paste-fabe122d283f003106d81b71275e3d4a54d5595b.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The {{c1::filum terminale}} has a {{c2::pial}} portion that runs up to the beginning of the sacral canal, after which only the {{c2::dural}} portion continues"<img src=""paste-fabe122d283f003106d81b71275e3d4a54d5595b.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The {{c1::filum terminale}} is responsible for attaching the spinal cord to the coccyx"<img src=""paste-fabe122d283f003106d81b71275e3d4a54d5595b.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The {{c1::subarachnoid}} space is filled with {{c2::cerebrospinal fluid}}"<img src=""paste-4013ae917500b70dd34fab81f759ca9a9a294918.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-1"<img src=""tmpbzhunks7.png"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-2"<img src=""tmpbzhunks7.png"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-3"<img src=""tmpbzhunks7.png"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-4"<img src=""tmpbzhunks7.png"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-5"<img src=""tmpbzhunks7.png"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-6"<img src=""tmpbzhunks7.png"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-7"<img src=""tmpbzhunks7.png"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""4c03e54aafbf424487615f738ae13808-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The {{c1::anterior spinal}} artery and both {{c1::posterior spinal}} arteries flow along the entire spinal cord.DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-1"<img src=""tmphb_ju5xb.png"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-2"<img src=""tmphb_ju5xb.png"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-3"<img src=""tmphb_ju5xb.png"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-4"<img src=""tmphb_ju5xb.png"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-5"<img src=""tmphb_ju5xb.png"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-6"<img src=""tmphb_ju5xb.png"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""138efeff3aa24509a93952dcf6223655-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra "Splenius O: {{c1::Nuchal ligament and C7-T6 Spinous Processes}} I: Capitis: {{c2::mastoid process and lateral superior nuchal line}} I: Cervicis: {{c5::C1-C4 Transverse Processes}} A: {{c4::Unilateral - flexion and rotation; bilateral - neck extension}} N: {{c3::Dorsal Rami of C2-C3}}""Capitis: <img src=""HdDFJspujRbVIhlCOQoAoA_oo1m1h4Pik4lB2H1Bx3CAw_Musculus_splenius_capitis_1.png"" class=""""> Cervicis: <img src=""jZAVmiT7WiorncGSAYD2XQ_Splenius_cervicis_muscle__posterior_view.png"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 63abba45e37b40e8ad6687a1c18de3ca-ao-1"<img src=""tmpg2t0qwa2.png"" />""<img src=""63abba45e37b40e8ad6687a1c18de3ca-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""63abba45e37b40e8ad6687a1c18de3ca-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""63abba45e37b40e8ad6687a1c18de3ca-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 63abba45e37b40e8ad6687a1c18de3ca-ao-2"<img src=""tmpg2t0qwa2.png"" />""<img src=""63abba45e37b40e8ad6687a1c18de3ca-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""63abba45e37b40e8ad6687a1c18de3ca-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""63abba45e37b40e8ad6687a1c18de3ca-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra 63abba45e37b40e8ad6687a1c18de3ca-ao-3"<img src=""tmpg2t0qwa2.png"" />""<img src=""63abba45e37b40e8ad6687a1c18de3ca-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""63abba45e37b40e8ad6687a1c18de3ca-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""63abba45e37b40e8ad6687a1c18de3ca-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The {{c1::Erector spinae}} intrinsic muscle group is divided into 3 columns: {{c2::Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis::lateral to medial}}"I Love Spines <img src=""paste-bbf9614724b4b94105ff3d51b850d1458c992e50.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The {{c1::Transversospinalis}} group of intrinsic back muscles contains 3 layers: {{c2::Semispinalis, Multifidus, and Rotatores}}"Semispinalis attaches to 5-6 vertebrae Multifidus attaches to 3-4 vertebrae Rotatores attaches to 1-2 vertebrae <img src=""paste-8a2dafb831e6c8a07748967b18d80a8e335a8ed7.jpg"" style=""height: 878px; width: 1116px;"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles Intrinsic back muscles are supplied by {{c1::posterior intercostal}} arteries and {{c2::segmental lumbar}} arteries."<img src=""paste-b95c105fb0db2ee19181a0bb8c82064bcaaa1161.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles 96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-1"<img src=""tmp8nvzs1u0.png"" />""<img src=""96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles 96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-2"<img src=""tmp8nvzs1u0.png"" />""<img src=""96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles 96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-3"<img src=""tmp8nvzs1u0.png"" />""<img src=""96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles 96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-4"<img src=""tmp8nvzs1u0.png"" />""<img src=""96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""96963e8ffaed499d89ef28d9108e2601-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles The {{c1::suboccipital (C1)}} nerve innervates all of the suboccipital muscles"<img src=""paste-04f89e9058b2b0318589e97d676a7616c8cb3a87.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles The {{c1::suboccipital triangle}} is formed by the {{c2::Rectus capitis posterior major}}, {{c2::Obliquus capitis superior}} and {{c2::Obliquus capitis inferior}}"<img src=""paste-04f89e9058b2b0318589e97d676a7616c8cb3a87.jpg"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor O: {{c1::C2 Spine}} I: {{c2::Inferior nuchal line of Occipital Bone}} A: {{c4::Extends and rotates head}} N: {{c3::Suboccipital Nerve (C1)}}"<img src=""APbHS6DSyAMLugBTX0bw_Musculus_rectus_capitis_posterior_minor__1_.png"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles Rectus Capitis Posterior Major O: {{c1::C1 Posterior Tubercle}} I: {{c2::Inferior Nuchal Line of Occipital Bone}} A: {{c4::Extends and rotates head to same side}} N: {{c3::Suboccipital Nerve (C1)}}"<img src=""nyzq0BY4BATLw15qIH08RA_Musculus_rectus_capitis_posterior_major_1.png"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles Obliquus Capitis Superior O: {{c1::C1 Transverse Process}} I: {{c2::Inferior nuchal line of Occipital Bone}} A: {{c4::Extends head, tilts head, rotates opposite side}} N: {{c3::Suboccipital Nerve (C1)}}"<img src=""7FwCtDwUitWdfjTdWCvA_Obliquus_capitis_superior.png"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles Obliquus Capitis Inferior O: {{c1::C2 Spine}} I: {{c2::C1 Transverse}} A: {{c4::Extends head, tilts head, rotates same side}} N: {{c3::Suboccipital Nerve (C1)}}"<img src=""iFXKBJalfP5xut8YjxaQ_Musculus_obliquus_capitis_inferior_1.png"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles A patient who presents with urinary and fecal incontinence and lower limb paralysis is likely experiencing {{c1::Cauda Equina Syndrome}} due to a lesion below the {{c2::L2}} level of the spinal cord"<img src=""paste-f268813089d1c0f10e645bbda6438ca12be14d51.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves At the third month of development, the distal spinal cord ends at the {{c1::distal sacrum}}"<img src=""paste-89cba8557c7f45f86e4d290c66fa902d81dbd9be.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-05bb9cb4a245d9d0a2511e05abc4b0fc76db6fb5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves At the fifth month of development, the distal spinal cord ends at the {{c1::S1}} level"<img src=""paste-89cba8557c7f45f86e4d290c66fa902d81dbd9be.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-05bb9cb4a245d9d0a2511e05abc4b0fc76db6fb5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves At birth, the distal spinal cord ends at the {{c1::L3}} level"<img src=""paste-89cba8557c7f45f86e4d290c66fa902d81dbd9be.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-05bb9cb4a245d9d0a2511e05abc4b0fc76db6fb5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves In an adult, the distal spinal cord ends at the {{c1::L1-L2}} level"<img src=""paste-89cba8557c7f45f86e4d290c66fa902d81dbd9be.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-05bb9cb4a245d9d0a2511e05abc4b0fc76db6fb5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves Innapropriate attachment of the spinal cord to the sacrum by a tight filum terminale causes a condition known as {{c1::Tethered Cord Syndrome}}"<img src=""paste-39dd78eb190844580d86fee4daebbe49e03003e5.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-89cba8557c7f45f86e4d290c66fa902d81dbd9be.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 449.125px; width: 440px;""> <img src=""paste-05bb9cb4a245d9d0a2511e05abc4b0fc76db6fb5.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 732.438px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves Roots of the cauda equina can be compressed as they cross the lumbar disks, with the {{c1::L3}} disk compressing the L4 root, the {{c1::L4}} disk compressing the L5 root, and the {{c1::L5}} disk compressing the S1 root"<img src=""paste-93f0d777a63a8d5ab7fcb347747b6b68b8ef6b62.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves CSF is typically drawn from the {{c1::lumbar cistern}}"Process known as lumbar puncture <img src=""paste-1b7bbf66cd802519917a859dca11ab5f28bd7396.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves As a general rule, the {{c1::higher::↑/↓}} the lesion is in the spinal cord, the more structures will be affected"<img src=""paste-457bc1b2f7c71f43bc13532a106735417e961dff.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-1"<img src=""tmpwbd6fj80.png"" />""<img src=""f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-2"<img src=""tmpwbd6fj80.png"" />""<img src=""f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-3"<img src=""tmpwbd6fj80.png"" />""<img src=""f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-4"<img src=""tmpwbd6fj80.png"" />""<img src=""f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f33e9326f3f7408dbddb16137c6c2cf2-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro {{c1::Microglia}} act as the phagocytic cells of the CNSSimilar to macrophages Both are derived from monocytesDentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::CNS The neural tube is formed by the closure of the {{c1::neural folds}}"<img src=""paste-7dd2cc91b1f669ba596947179ce591d48bb2bfb9.jpg"" class=""""><img src=""paste-1a35d881502b4ed8b31750ab316579eef46b2d85.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves After the neural crest closes, differentiating neural crest cells {{c1::delaminate}} and migrate away from the neural tube along specific pathways"<img src=""paste-86b2ae02dabe92a38725ac728ab1418f59518ef0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves Neural crest cells will differentiate into the correct phenotype when they {{c1::reach their target location}}"<img src=""paste-86b2ae02dabe92a38725ac728ab1418f59518ef0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves Neural crest cells that take the {{c1::dorsolateral}} pathway will turn into melanocytes"<img src=""paste-a49479b9b582eb82cb25812e942f0291d89f66a1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves Neural crest cells that take the {{c1::ventrolateral}} pathway will turn into Dorsal Root Ganglia"<img src=""paste-a49479b9b582eb82cb25812e942f0291d89f66a1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves Neural crest cells that take the {{c1::ventral}} pathways will turn into sympathetic chain ganglia, preaortic ganglia, enteric neurons, and the adrenal medulla"<img src=""paste-a49479b9b582eb82cb25812e942f0291d89f66a1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves Neural crest cells that take the trunk pathways are from somites {{c1::8}}-{{c1::28}}"<img src=""paste-a49479b9b582eb82cb25812e942f0291d89f66a1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves Adult muscles receive motor neuron input from {{c1::1::#}} neuron(s)"Extra neural inputs in embryo are eliminated in a process called pruning <img src=""paste-8df12f756191260c74140f59f83a16b333c733df.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 1016px; width: 1118px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro::Spinal_Cord_&_Spinal_Nerves Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems use a(n) {{c1::2::#}} neuron system"<img src=""paste-571e60a83933f64a460138715941e1fbeaab25b8.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro The organs of the head, neck, trunk, and external genitalia receive autonomics from the {{c1::sympathetic & parasympathetic :)::sympathetic/parasympathetic}} nervous system"<img src=""paste-571e60a83933f64a460138715941e1fbeaab25b8.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro The adrenal medulla receives autonomics from the {{c1::sympathetic}} nervous system"<img src=""paste-571e60a83933f64a460138715941e1fbeaab25b8.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro The sweat glands receive autonomics from the {{c1::sympathetic}} nervous system"<img src=""paste-571e60a83933f64a460138715941e1fbeaab25b8.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro The arrector pili muscles of hair receive autonomics from the {{c1::sympathetic}} nervous system"<img src=""paste-571e60a83933f64a460138715941e1fbeaab25b8.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro All vascular smooth muscle receives autonomics from the {{c1::sympathetic}} nervous system"<img src=""paste-571e60a83933f64a460138715941e1fbeaab25b8.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Tissues that receive sympathetic stimulation will always receive a minimal baseline stimulation, which is termed {{c1::sympathetic tone}}"<img src=""paste-6bdb7a325e5b72d33813da9e8f3b88b8d0a8d9a9.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Increased sympathetic stimulation causes vaso{{c1::constriction}}"<img src=""paste-6bdb7a325e5b72d33813da9e8f3b88b8d0a8d9a9.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Increased {{c1::sympathetic::sympathetic/parasympathetic}} stimulation causes increased blood flow to skeletal and cardiac muscles and decreased blood flow to the skin and GI tract"<img src=""paste-6bdb7a325e5b72d33813da9e8f3b88b8d0a8d9a9.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Sympathetic postganglionic cell bodies are found in the {{c1::paravertebral (sympathetic chain) ganglia}} or the {{c1::preaortic (prevertebral) ganglia}}"<img src=""paste-c3650ae62adc420980630d0d4da02399288d05e7.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Parasympathetic postganglionic cell bodies are found {{c1::in, on, or near target organs}}"<img src=""paste-211baef87e7fc38ddb28848e90723c66391cd909.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the {{c1::lateral}} horn of the spinal cord from {{c2::T1}}-{{c2::L2}}"<img src=""paste-21ba4cd1037e1bef19020520e498d9abda1a3ff6.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Postganglionic Sympathetics to the muscles and skin will come from the {{c1::sympathetic chain}} ganglia"<img src=""paste-21ba4cd1037e1bef19020520e498d9abda1a3ff6.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Postganglionic Sympathetics to the abdominopelvic organs will come from the {{c1::preaortic}} ganglia"<img src=""paste-21ba4cd1037e1bef19020520e498d9abda1a3ff6.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Preganglionic parasympathetics come from Cranial Nerve(s) {{c1::III, VII, IX, and X}} and the {{c2::lateral}} horn of the spine from {{c3::S2}}-{{c3::S4}}"<img src=""paste-07b6480b3821596070178007707f95f6d88b0857.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-1"<img src=""tmppfioayfw.png"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-2"<img src=""tmppfioayfw.png"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-3"<img src=""tmppfioayfw.png"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-4"<img src=""tmppfioayfw.png"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-5"<img src=""tmppfioayfw.png"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-6"<img src=""tmppfioayfw.png"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-7"<img src=""tmppfioayfw.png"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""bbc4cdaef81a4cd6b12bb88848584181-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Sympathetic fibers enter the sympathetic chain through {{c1::white rami communicans}}"<img src=""paste-04ca354d0212218d282a178d1c9d26fa7674d87f.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Sympathetic fibers exit or ascend/descend the sympathetic chain through {{c1::gray rami communicans}}"<img src=""paste-04ca354d0212218d282a178d1c9d26fa7674d87f.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 559.063px; width: 765.656px;"">""Sympathetics come in through the Wentrance and go out through the Grexit"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro White rami communicans can be found from {{c1::T1}}-{{c1::L2}} of the spinal cord"Sympathetics enter the sympathetic chain through the white rami communicans, so white rami can only be found at the same level where the sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord <img src=""paste-04ca354d0212218d282a178d1c9d26fa7674d87f.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 322.266px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro {{c1::White}} rami communicans are myelinated, while {{c1::gray}} rami communicans are unmyelinated"Myelin is very fatty, hence the white appearance <img src=""paste-04ca354d0212218d282a178d1c9d26fa7674d87f.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 324.266px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro The four possible paths for a preganglionic sympathetic neuron are: 1.{{c1::Synapse in the chain at the same level}} 2.{{c2::Travel up the chain to synapse at a higher level}} 3.{{c3::Travel down the chain to synapse at a lower level}} 4.{{c4::Pass through the chain to synapse in pre aortic ganglia}}"<img src=""paste-26b8d7b87366a65b063ed8654cc09a68c7ae3192.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-f118ceef458b3309dbc91a24202a77ba3958b257.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-9c32d0b2495c12aa3c461518eb674e525d62782e.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Sympathetic nerves which do not synapse in the sympathetic chain are referred to as {{c1::splanchnic}} nerves, and normally provide innervation to {{c2::visceral organs}}DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Postganglionic splanchnic nerves often travel with {{c1::blood vessels}}DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Thoracic splanchnic nerves leave the sympathetic trunk in a {{c1::ventral}} directionDentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro {{c1::Thoracic splanchnic}} nerves provide sympathetic stimulation to the foregut, midgut, and hindgutDentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Thoracic splanchnic nerves arise from the {{c1::T5}}-{{c1::T12}} spinal cord levelsDentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Lumbar splanchnic nerves arise from the {{c1::L1}}-{{c1::L2}} spinal cord levelsDentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Postganglionic parasympathetics are found in the {{c1::walls of their target organ}}DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro The {{c1::Vagus Nerve (CN X)}} is the major preganglionic parasympathetic supply to the thorax and abdomenDentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro The last structure innervated by the Vagus nerve is the {{c1::transverse colon}}"<img src=""paste-21e01ef67ef0dfae316363ef140700457ab9a33b.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro There are no {{c1::parasympathetics::sympathetics/parasympathetics}} in the limbs or body wallDentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro All preganglionic autonomic nerves use the neurotransmitter {{c1::acetylcholine}}"<img src=""paste-289f57ab36ff6b633aaa60efed23f2d7eaea8b99.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro All postganglionic parasympathetic nerves use the neurotransmitter {{c1::acetylcholine}}"<img src=""paste-289f57ab36ff6b633aaa60efed23f2d7eaea8b99.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Postganglionic sympathetic nerves to the sweat glands use the neurotransmitter {{c1::acetylcholine}}"<img src=""paste-289f57ab36ff6b633aaa60efed23f2d7eaea8b99.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Postganglionic sympathetic nerves to anywhere except for the sweat glands use the neurotransmitter {{c1::norepinephrine}}"Do not confuse with epinephrine, which is a hormone from the adrenal medulla <img src=""paste-289f57ab36ff6b633aaa60efed23f2d7eaea8b99.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 662.438px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Pain originating in a visceral structure can be perceived as being from an area of skin innervated by the same segmental level as the visceral afferent, a phenomon known called {{c1::referred pain}}"<img src=""paste-0a2eadeba7ab6a5d3047987eec995f8b244d66dd.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro Autonomic nerves often have {{c1::visceral afferent}} nerves running with them"Cross talk leads to referred pain <img src=""paste-0a2eadeba7ab6a5d3047987eec995f8b244d66dd.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 374.391px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro {{c1::Sympathetic::Sympathetic/Parasympathetic}} stimulation of β2-adrenergic receptors in bronchioles causes bronchodilation"This is used to treat asthma - albuterol is a β2-adrenergic receptor agonist <img src=""paste-2a99b33fad7cb3a89e260031c98fdfda01ad5116.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 589px; width: 846px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro {{c1::Gastroparesis}} is a disease of delayed stomach emptying which can present as non-bilious vomiting, early satiety, bloating, rapid weight loss, malnutrition, and dental carries"Vagus nerve damage results in ineffective contraction of gastric smooth muscle, so food is not passed at a normal speed Causes include diabetes, chemo, infection, and surgery, but most cases are idiopathic <img src=""paste-81ce1f13ebb311e2792edc3d14f307e08e328017.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 731px; width: 1026px;""> <img src=""paste-daee65cdc15a62327c9ccf40f885f9fc6756ff9b.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 526px; width: 1198px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro {{c1::Raynaud's disease}} is a disease of innapropriate vasoconstriction in the digits which is associated with {{c2::sympathetic::sympathetic/parasympathetic}} hyperactivity"Red, White, and Blue: vasoconstriction → fingers get poor blood supply → fingers turn white → prolonged hypoxia → cyanosis → fingers turn blue; eventually the vasoconstriction ends → blood rushes back in → fingers turn red Exacerbated by cold temperatures or stress Associated with scleroderma (CREST syndrome), smoking (thromboangiitis obliterans), stimulant use (occurs with normal levels such as ADHD medications, as well as abuse such of cocaine or methamphetamine), and idiopathic causes <img src=""paste-f365a39e8e651cefd81901efb9829b9b86afba6d.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 949px; width: 841px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::ANS::Intro After gastrulation is complete, the {{c1::primitive streak}} will regress and leave behind the {{c2::notochord}}"<img src=""paste-690fbe09dedac4cfed59a67cb274cc366d57d718.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation After the neural tube closes, the inside of the tube is lined with {{c1::ecto}}derm"<img src=""paste-d790c79f6c5ab3ebf7811ae35ff88e8f924e7e4f.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation The neural tube forms in a {{c1::cranial}} to {{c1::caudal}} sequence"<img src=""paste-b89967db4c4ec946dd3b40378b335db359600072.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation The {{c1::posterior}} neuropore closes before the {{c1::anterior}} neuropore"Allows extra space for the future brain to form <img src=""paste-6cbb27b4dcfc5d490f02cc5f2e717dfc8bf697d2.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation {{c1::Spina bifida occulta}} is a neural tube defect due to failure of the {{c2::dorsal vertebral arch}} to form"Normally asymptomatic <img src=""paste-6f965689d5bded6fd23f37c9b5645a5fa3c6e313.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects {{c1::Spina bifida occulta}} is a neural tube defect associated with patches of hair on the lumbar vertebrae"Normally asymptomatic <img src=""paste-6f965689d5bded6fd23f37c9b5645a5fa3c6e313.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects {{c1::Spina bifida meningocele}} is a neural tube defect which forms a cyst containing meninges, but no neural tissue"<img src=""paste-97df98053687c493b84dd115209f4d76332b8b40.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects {{c1::Spina bifida meningmyelocele}} is a neural tube defect which forms a cyst containing meninges and neural tissue"<img src=""paste-d8136ec32843a660fe0057ae0bfe3e45be90bd30.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects {{c1::Rachischisis/Myeloschisis}} is a neural tube defect due to improper folding of neural tissue with no induction of neural folds"Incompatible with life <img src=""paste-a5f95d635e14fb8c0be319407448f9335bfd8270.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation::Defects Formation of the neural plate is induced by the {{c1::notochord}}"<img src=""paste-4e38aa3a92fa266546714da5e2b9a7718ecc945b.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cell_Biology::Neurulation The ascending branch of the subclavian between the common carotid artery and the thyrocervical trunk is the {{c1::vertebral}} artery"<img src=""paste-b533a00cc1fc06627f7b6a4d425d147d0085f6de.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature The subclavian artery turns into the axillary artery when it reaches the {{c1::outer border of the first rib}}"<img src=""paste-fa3fa229b873937ef9b7cd87ee4abe7f7dd81056.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Superficial_Back::Vasculature The {{c1::primary}} curvature of the spine is anteriorly concave"<img src=""paste-747bf5f72d6f2b0321395e03feab36f267091075.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The {{c1::secondary}} curvature of the spine is posteriorly concave"<img src=""paste-5f4ecb55881ac328bf58df417093a15cc356c8a1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra Zygapophysial joints are a type of {{c1::synovial}} jointDentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra IV disks have {{c1::hyaline}} cartilage between them and the verebrae"<img src=""paste-932126e93614b3191bb9436fc3a0434ae4083b19.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The rings of fibrocartilage that attach to the epiphysial rims of adjacent vertebrae are the {{c1::annuli fibrosis}}"<img src=""paste-173c623bb9fa87846c40354f3c229014ce93f849.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra Most herniations of the nucleus pulposus occur in the {{c1::posterolateral}} direction"<img src=""paste-f155b58706ec349fb1d14e756b6a74032484a9ae.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-1ebb5817a0d88d51b67b1610e47f03fdb3d1b944.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The {{c1::transverse ligament of the atlas}} prevents anterior sliding of the atlas into the spinal cord"<img src=""paste-80d62c78584ec39b31f715ecc8fffe6bfcf6cdab.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The {{c1::Cruciform Ligament}} is composed of the {{c2::transverse ligament of the atlas}}, the {{c3::superior longitudinal band}}, and the {{c4::inferior longitudinal band}}"<img src=""paste-61511bbf62104fa1ab75873166760bf7b914afa0.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra The sacrum receives blood from the posterior branches of the {{c1::internal iliac}} and {{c1::median sacral}} arteries"<img src=""paste-8e1e8c36ffc4f20815fc2c2f938f319ba002d727.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-1"<img src=""tmpauoctagj.png"" />""<img src=""e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-2"<img src=""tmpauoctagj.png"" />""<img src=""e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-3"<img src=""tmpauoctagj.png"" />""<img src=""e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-4"<img src=""tmpauoctagj.png"" />""<img src=""e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-5"<img src=""tmpauoctagj.png"" />""<img src=""e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e3dd753219db4768b1855f406d72cfff-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::Vertebra e39ab54cdd154e40bca2e8af63f1ff58-ao-1"<img src=""tmpq3e04tvq.png"" />""<img src=""e39ab54cdd154e40bca2e8af63f1ff58-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e39ab54cdd154e40bca2e8af63f1ff58-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e39ab54cdd154e40bca2e8af63f1ff58-ao-O.svg"" />" e39ab54cdd154e40bca2e8af63f1ff58-ao-2"<img src=""tmpq3e04tvq.png"" />""<img src=""e39ab54cdd154e40bca2e8af63f1ff58-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e39ab54cdd154e40bca2e8af63f1ff58-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e39ab54cdd154e40bca2e8af63f1ff58-ao-O.svg"" />" e39ab54cdd154e40bca2e8af63f1ff58-ao-3"<img src=""tmpq3e04tvq.png"" />""<img src=""e39ab54cdd154e40bca2e8af63f1ff58-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e39ab54cdd154e40bca2e8af63f1ff58-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""e39ab54cdd154e40bca2e8af63f1ff58-ao-O.svg"" />" The muscles of the suboccipital triangle receive blood from the {{c1::vertebral}} and {{c1::occipital}} arteries"<img src=""paste-200c607f6638050a6e1020abd158cee2e6e9d7b5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles The hallmark of nervous tissue is {{c1::excitability/signal conduction}}DentKing::Anatomy::Intro_Neuro Long, non-motile microvilli specialized for absorption are called {{c1::stereocilia}}DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium The core of cilia is mostly composed of {{c1::microtubules}}"<img src=""paste-199278bd5253b70d3c42f18c69d620e49e67be81.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium The movement of cilia is due to the action of {{c1::dynein motor proteins}}"<img src=""paste-199278bd5253b70d3c42f18c69d620e49e67be81.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium The microtubules in the mobile portion of cilia are arranged in a {{c1::doublet}} configuration"<img src=""paste-199278bd5253b70d3c42f18c69d620e49e67be81.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium The microtubules in the basal body of cilia are arranged in a {{c1::triplet}} configuration"<img src=""paste-199278bd5253b70d3c42f18c69d620e49e67be81.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium Cilia are anchored to the epithelial cell by {{c1::basal bodies}}"<img src=""paste-199278bd5253b70d3c42f18c69d620e49e67be81.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium "Name the type of epithelial apical membrane specialization: {{c1::microvilli}} <img src=""paste-f3f678bbbfc418f4f0d6ed34afdac803c1d17aba.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 725px; width: 500px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium "Name the type of epithelial apical membrane specialization: {{c1::microvilli}} <img src=""paste-3e80ba6bc3b7dda97921331ded0e1bbe2e807a2d.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 502.734px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium "Name the type of epithelial apical membrane specialization: {{c1::cilia}} <img src=""paste-12354b5ca784882198a7d3149f3b86e2ee5346ef.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium 1ab01acec56f4fc9ac1587658c6a2270-ao-1"<img src=""tmpd7rfp_xs.png"" />""<img src=""1ab01acec56f4fc9ac1587658c6a2270-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""1ab01acec56f4fc9ac1587658c6a2270-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""1ab01acec56f4fc9ac1587658c6a2270-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium A single layer of epithelial cells is called {{c1::simple}} epithelium"<img src=""paste-9ac0cca926e5cdf670b0072a51295377bcef69be.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium Two or more layers of epithelial cells is called {{c1::stratified}} epithelium"<img src=""paste-9ac0cca926e5cdf670b0072a51295377bcef69be.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium Stratified epithelial cells are named for their {{c1::most apical}} layer"<img src=""paste-9ac0cca926e5cdf670b0072a51295377bcef69be.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 457.273px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium The basal layer of stratified epithelial cells are the {{c1::proliferative}} layer of cells"<img src=""paste-9ac0cca926e5cdf670b0072a51295377bcef69be.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 457.273px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium {{c1::Simple squamous}} epithelium will allow for exchange and serve as a barrier"<img src=""paste-9ac0cca926e5cdf670b0072a51295377bcef69be.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 458.266px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium {{c1::Stratified squamous and stratified columnar}} epithelium will serve as a barrier for protection"<img src=""paste-9ac0cca926e5cdf670b0072a51295377bcef69be.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 458.266px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium {{c1::Simple squamous}} epithelium is normally found lining the kidneys, lungs, vascular system, and body cavities"<img src=""paste-9ac0cca926e5cdf670b0072a51295377bcef69be.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 458.266px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium {{c1::Simple cuboidal}} epithelium is normally found lining the small ducts of exocrine glands, surface of ovaries, renal tubules, and thyroid follicles"<img src=""paste-9ac0cca926e5cdf670b0072a51295377bcef69be.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 458.266px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium {{c1::Simple columnar}} epithelium is normally found lining the GI tract distal to the esophagus"Stomach Small intestine Gallbladder Colon <img src=""paste-9ac0cca926e5cdf670b0072a51295377bcef69be.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 459.266px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium {{c1::Stratified columnar}} epithelium is normally found lining the largest ducts of exocrine glands and the anorectal junction" <img src=""paste-9ac0cca926e5cdf670b0072a51295377bcef69be.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 460.266px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium {{c1::Nonkeratinized stratified squamous}} epithelium is normally found lining the oral cavity, esophagus and the vagina" <img src=""paste-9ac0cca926e5cdf670b0072a51295377bcef69be.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 460.266px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium {{c1::Keratinized stratified squamous}} epithelium is normally found lining the skin" <img src=""paste-9ac0cca926e5cdf670b0072a51295377bcef69be.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 460.266px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium Simple squamous epithelium lining the lumen of blood and lymphatic vessels is called {{c1::endothelium}}DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium Simple squamous epithelium lining the body cavities and free surface of organs is called {{c1::mesothelium}}DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium The apical cells of {{c1::nonkeratinized stratified squamous}} epithelium are characterized by small, darkly basophilic nuclei"<img src=""paste-edacd2f585d67b5b46147656d836c0510fd02614.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium The dark cells at the interface of keratinized and unkeratinized layers of keratinized stratified squamous epithlium are accumulations of {{c1::keratohyaline granules}}"<img src=""paste-4132d1ab46e3b3ed4102499f7d488085e2508e6c.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium "Identify the type of epithelium: {{c1::Simple squamous epithelium (endothelium)}} <img src=""paste-1d51cbe09091c99a19c24be1aaec40b5cc3149a3.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Identify the type of epithelium: {{c1::Simple squamous epithelium}} <img src=""paste-12097b80b910bd4f951fbf2f50b9574aab7d818f.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Identify the type of epithelium: {{c1::Simple squamous epithelium}} <img src=""paste-a8fdbc0e299655bd6415cdf24cde69ab7bb3e2c8.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Identify the type of epithelium: {{c1::Simple squamous epithelium}} <img src=""paste-c850ab59507af9db3e63efc1c2484763733af26d.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Identify the type of epithelium: {{c1::Simple cuboidal epithelium}} <img src=""paste-4896bc1517fc7d593fb32b3b0d7262a0dfb8a86d.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Identify the type of epithelium: {{c1::Simple cuboidal epithelium}} <img src=""paste-7dbcb9d6dd5e413b54c376b2ab026940479df791.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Identify the type of epithelium: {{c1::Simple squamous epithelium (endothelium)}} <img src=""paste-3ade5b8ae7838d7e09666d37aa6642369d43842c.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Identify the type of epithelium: {{c1::Simple squamous epithelium (endothelium)}} <img src=""paste-e0ade6dd6e67d25f9347a5f8398967daff7d09c2.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Identify the type of epithelium: {{c1::Simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)}} <img src=""paste-bcd0e7bbed450d23c4ced7c42de958144e398a5a.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Identify the type of epithelium: {{c1::Simple columnar epithelium}} <img src=""paste-384e70e7c5ded612d8c984aa58c5785d4a278057.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Identify the type of epithelium: {{c1::Simple columnar epithelium}} <img src=""paste-e1c7ce869b4476da3f96dd5a3a829bad29d68bdf.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Identify the type of epithelium: {{c1::Stratified columnar epithelium}} <img src=""paste-998f50f89fc6ce7932914350f656dfcb1b19b2d7.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Identify the type of epithelium: {{c1::Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium}} <img src=""paste-0045f8da13d1e701e2021e647b11ef39106f44e8.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Identify the type of epithelium: {{c1::Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium}} <img src=""paste-de8c0918a89b25b2a35410cad49fa46630ef0bec.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Identify the type of epithelium: {{c1::Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium}} <img src=""paste-4c41d125a8a56db987e99539e869dae2466ee06e.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images The skin is divided into two layers, an outer {{c1::epidermis}} and an inner {{c1::dermis}}"<img src=""paste-81052aada60c4984ff6143676fbf81f71812710b.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin The dermis is divided into two layers, a superficial {{c1::papillary}} layer and a deep {{c1::reticular}} layer"<img src=""paste-81052aada60c4984ff6143676fbf81f71812710b.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of {{c1::loose areolar}} connective tissue"<img src=""paste-81052aada60c4984ff6143676fbf81f71812710b.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin The reticular layer of the dermis is composed of {{c1::dense irregular}} connective tissue"<img src=""paste-81052aada60c4984ff6143676fbf81f71812710b.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin In the skin, collagen, elastin, reticular fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells are all found in the {{c1::reticular}} layer of the dermis"<img src=""paste-81052aada60c4984ff6143676fbf81f71812710b.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin In the skin, the most superficial layer reached by the blood vessels and lymphatics is the {{c1::dermis}}"<img src=""paste-81052aada60c4984ff6143676fbf81f71812710b.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin In the skin, the most superficial layer reached by the nerves is the {{c1::epidermis}}"<img src=""paste-81052aada60c4984ff6143676fbf81f71812710b.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin 2245d2c98f5c43b9b549c5e3fcfa520f-ao-1"<img src=""tmpon5tyem9.png"" />""<img src=""2245d2c98f5c43b9b549c5e3fcfa520f-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2245d2c98f5c43b9b549c5e3fcfa520f-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""2245d2c98f5c43b9b549c5e3fcfa520f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin 2245d2c98f5c43b9b549c5e3fcfa520f-ao-2"<img src=""tmpon5tyem9.png"" />""<img src=""2245d2c98f5c43b9b549c5e3fcfa520f-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2245d2c98f5c43b9b549c5e3fcfa520f-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""2245d2c98f5c43b9b549c5e3fcfa520f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin 2245d2c98f5c43b9b549c5e3fcfa520f-ao-3"<img src=""tmpon5tyem9.png"" />""<img src=""2245d2c98f5c43b9b549c5e3fcfa520f-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2245d2c98f5c43b9b549c5e3fcfa520f-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""2245d2c98f5c43b9b549c5e3fcfa520f-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin The fatty layer of the skin is the {{c1::hypodermis}}"<img src=""paste-1ed7368e488242eec8fbb13fe315185393a503fb.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin The {{c1::eyelids}}, {{c2::ears}}, and {{c3::scrotum}} are the only locations with no adipose tissue"<img src=""paste-1ed7368e488242eec8fbb13fe315185393a503fb.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin An example of a {{c1::crease}} in the skin would be at our elbows, wrists, knees, or ankles"<img src=""paste-1ed7368e488242eec8fbb13fe315185393a503fb.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin An example of a {{c1::fold}} in the skin would be between our gluteal maximus muscles"<img src=""paste-1ed7368e488242eec8fbb13fe315185393a503fb.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin Our skin has lines of tension due to its attachment to underlying {{c1::dermal ridges}} and {{c2::smooth muscle fibers}}"<img src=""paste-c0e8252c685362e3c045e1acdde01322014dee02.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin If possible, incisions in the skin should be made {{c1::parallel::direction}} to lines of tension"<img src=""paste-c0e8252c685362e3c045e1acdde01322014dee02.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Skin {{c1::Pseudostratified columnar}} epithelium has nuclei at different levels in a single layer of cells"<img src=""paste-b31ac6cf565f518b74f338d25f9a78a3a5a0d2f7.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium {{c1::Pseudostratified columnar}} epithelium tends to have a very thick basement membrane"<img src=""paste-b31ac6cf565f518b74f338d25f9a78a3a5a0d2f7.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium {{c1::Pseudostratified columnar}} epithelium tends to have {{c2::goblet cells}} which secrete mucous at the apical surface"<img src=""paste-b31ac6cf565f518b74f338d25f9a78a3a5a0d2f7.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium {{c1::Pseudostratified columnar}} epithelium is normally found in the reproductive and respiratory tracts"<img src=""paste-3b87ab527c6da500778d343e632078bb645805e5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium "Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells is often referred to as {{c1::""respiratory epithelium""}}""<img src=""paste-3b87ab527c6da500778d343e632078bb645805e5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium "Name the type of epithelium: {{c1::Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells (respiratory epithelium)}} <img src=""paste-798672a308ecee16c4a656e46f60f371a1c78e44.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Name the type of epithelium: {{c1::Transitional epithelium}} <img src=""paste-a2e5c6678b8b76091be98756c2a38e0077fed7df.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 472px; width: 538px;"">"Notice the domed apical surfaceDentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Name the type of epithelium: {{c1::Transitional epithelium}} <img src=""paste-540aa192c1fe9d30be3b45ccd29e4a8ec277d5ae.jpg"" class="""" style="""">"Notice the domed apical surfaceDentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Name the type of epithelium: {{c1::Transitional epithelium}} <img src=""paste-409259c5f42c86d99d8188908a53ce2009aef1d6.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 513px; width: 929px;"">"Here it is shown while distended, such as in a full bladderDentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images {{c1::Transitional}} epithelium is a type of pseudostratified epithelium that is specialized for distension"<img src=""paste-b2fc635efcaea2d2cefb5ea47ff2ef72af660f8e.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium {{c1::Transitional}} epithelium is normally found in the lower urinary tract"<img src=""paste-b2fc635efcaea2d2cefb5ea47ff2ef72af660f8e.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium {{c1::Exocrine}} glands secrete substances onto an epithelial surface or into a duct leading to the surface"<img src=""paste-a10677e27d0446cbb01c89de76767e5a18b3fc5a.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::Glands {{c1::Goblet cells}} are unicellular exocrine glands which secrete mucin granules from their apical cytoplasm into the lumen of GI and respiratory tracts"<img src=""paste-a10677e27d0446cbb01c89de76767e5a18b3fc5a.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::Glands "{{c1::Acinous cells}} are multicellular exocrine glands which secrete {{c2::serous (protein)}} or {{c2::mucous}} secretions""<img src=""paste-6840d06b91ab9c8fa8c3ae853cc59a393dfacf07.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::Glands {{c1::Serous}} acinous cells have indistinct cell boundaries"<img src=""paste-6840d06b91ab9c8fa8c3ae853cc59a393dfacf07.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::Glands {{c1::Mucous}} acinous cells have distinct cell boundaries"<img src=""paste-6840d06b91ab9c8fa8c3ae853cc59a393dfacf07.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::Glands {{c1::Mucous}} acinous cells have flat nuclei at the base of the cell"<img src=""paste-6840d06b91ab9c8fa8c3ae853cc59a393dfacf07.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::Glands {{c1::Serous}} acinous cells have round nuclei at the center of the cell"<img src=""paste-6840d06b91ab9c8fa8c3ae853cc59a393dfacf07.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::Glands {{c1::Serous}} acinous cells have apical secretory granules"<img src=""paste-6840d06b91ab9c8fa8c3ae853cc59a393dfacf07.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::Glands {{c1::Mucous}} acinous cells have secretory products that are lost during tissue preparation"<img src=""paste-6840d06b91ab9c8fa8c3ae853cc59a393dfacf07.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::Glands {{c2::Eccrine sweat}} and {{c2::mammary}} glands are encased by {{c1::myoepithelial cells}}"<img src=""paste-cb8bc1fdcc15b5b7062730f027f8a48fc4e9c7b7.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::Glands {{c1::Myoepithelial cells}} are epithelial cells specialized for contraction"<img src=""paste-cb8bc1fdcc15b5b7062730f027f8a48fc4e9c7b7.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::Glands Myoepithelial cells have highly {{c1::branched}} cell processes"<img src=""paste-cb8bc1fdcc15b5b7062730f027f8a48fc4e9c7b7.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::Glands Myoepithelial cells share their basal lamina with {{c1::secretory acinar}} cells"Helps expel contents to lumen <img src=""paste-cb8bc1fdcc15b5b7062730f027f8a48fc4e9c7b7.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 354.352px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::Glands "Name the type of epithelium: {{c1::Myoepithelium}} <img src=""paste-0d8ab13595ed5f3bc116dd0967612ce8f9ec081f.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images "Name the type of epithelium: {{c1::Myoepithelium}} <img src=""paste-345dd60148e7edc685a858c7091ff0bb4a30a55f.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Epithelium::ID_images Exocrine glands which release secretions via exocytosis are called {{c1::merocrine}} glands"<img src=""paste-e829f0c99478c8578998ddb9e0761f4dd043f5eb.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Glands Exocrine glands which release secretions by destruction and secretion of the cell are called {{c1::holocrine}} glands" <img src=""paste-e829f0c99478c8578998ddb9e0761f4dd043f5eb.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 221.016px; width: 440px;"">""HOLocrine glands secrete the wHOLe cell"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Glands Exocrine glands which release secretions by pinching off the apical cytoplasm and membrane are called {{c1::apocrine}} glands" <img src=""paste-e829f0c99478c8578998ddb9e0761f4dd043f5eb.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 221.016px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Glands An example of a merocrine gland would be the {{c1::salivary}} glands" <img src=""paste-e829f0c99478c8578998ddb9e0761f4dd043f5eb.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 221.016px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Glands An example of a holocrine gland would be the {{c1::sebaceous}} glands" <img src=""paste-e829f0c99478c8578998ddb9e0761f4dd043f5eb.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 221.016px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Glands An example of an apocrine gland would be the {{c1::mammary}} glands" <img src=""paste-e829f0c99478c8578998ddb9e0761f4dd043f5eb.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 221.016px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Glands The types of specialized connective tissue are {{c1::cartilage}}, {{c2::bone}}, {{c3::adipose}}, {{c4::blood}}, and {{c5::hematopoietic}} tissueDentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue The major types of connective tissue fibers are {{c1::collagen}}, {{c2::elastic}}, and {{c3::reticular}} fibers"<img src=""paste-fb889c7d094c60c2d2eef0aa1866f73123873a9d.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue Collagen is made by {{c2::fibroblasts}}, and the most abundant form of collagen is {{c1::type 1 collagen}}"<img src=""paste-fb889c7d094c60c2d2eef0aa1866f73123873a9d.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue Elastic connective tissue is composed of {{c1::elastin}} and fibrillin"<img src=""paste-fb889c7d094c60c2d2eef0aa1866f73123873a9d.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue Reticular connective tissue is composed of {{c1::type III collagen}} "<img src=""paste-fb889c7d094c60c2d2eef0aa1866f73123873a9d.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue The space between cells and fibers in connective tissue is filled with {{c1::ground substnce}} "<img src=""paste-c40358394d278fa51ea45122dd719f971cbba782.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue The ground substance of connective tissues is mainly composed of {{c1::glycoproteins}} and {{c1::water}}"<img src=""paste-c40358394d278fa51ea45122dd719f971cbba782.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue The ECM of connective tissue is stabilized by {{c1::ground substance}}"<img src=""paste-c40358394d278fa51ea45122dd719f971cbba782.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue Most native cells in connective tissue are descended from {{c1::undifferentiated mesenchymal}} cells"<img src=""paste-f44c061d3044ecd63ddac454359aec98e16584ce.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue Lymphocytes, granulocytes, RBCs, and uninuclear cells in connective tissue are all descended from {{c1::hematopoietic stem}} cells"<img src=""paste-e0aa81f8fa3de3dffd8ef3026bf4f424ec3fdc85.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue The {{c1::fibroblast}} is the main cell type of connective tissue"<img src=""paste-ce154c67d3a376cde92ba62a508f4f824e42c57a.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue The fibers and ground substance of connective tissue are secreted by the {{c1::fibroblasts}}"<img src=""paste-ce154c67d3a376cde92ba62a508f4f824e42c57a.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue A cell in connective tissue with a dark, long nucleus is likely a {{c1::fibroblast}}"<img src=""paste-ce154c67d3a376cde92ba62a508f4f824e42c57a.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue Immune and allergic responses of connective tissue are mediated by {{c1::mast cells}}"<img src=""paste-3d4944fa8e0fa39da6e021719ce3210872e170a5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue Mast cells in connective tissue are normally found around the {{c1::small blood vessels}}"<img src=""paste-3d4944fa8e0fa39da6e021719ce3210872e170a5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue The heavily granulated cells seen in connective tissue are the {{c1::mast cells}}"<img src=""paste-a8d7a722f5331fd26de8e66698cd6ef1d0f6d45a.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue The immune surveilance cells of connective tissue are the {{c1::lymphocytes}}"<img src=""paste-e7961b655dfe4680140f3f32a54104d6ae42f07a.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue Cells of connective tissue with a dark, round nucleus and sparse cytoplasm are the {{c1::lymphocytes}}"<img src=""paste-e7961b655dfe4680140f3f32a54104d6ae42f07a.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue "Cells of connective tissue with a ""clock face"" chromatin and eccentric nuclei are the {{c1::plasma cells}}""<img src=""paste-db9c87b09f8880bd5d0264ac5201eb6955502d62.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-c4f045b755c946c9712cb9915464904a1d19e749.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue The antibody-secreting cells of connective tissue which are a form of activated B-lymphocyte are the {{c1::plasma cells}}"<img src=""paste-db9c87b09f8880bd5d0264ac5201eb6955502d62.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-c4f045b755c946c9712cb9915464904a1d19e749.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue The cells of connective tissue which are derived from blood monocytes are the {{c1::macrophages}}"<img src=""paste-30ca13501295e6f191d9cd7023a6d50727ff5dd1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue The functions of macrophages are {{c1::phagocytosis}}, {{c2::antigen presentation}}, and {{c3::cytokine production}}"<img src=""paste-30ca13501295e6f191d9cd7023a6d50727ff5dd1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue The phagocytic cells which are first to arrive at an infection site and have a {{c1::lobulated}} nucleus are the {{c2::neutrophils}}"<img src=""paste-9089e532f3e75e21d93ff87979c5056ce327cbed.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-30ca13501295e6f191d9cd7023a6d50727ff5dd1.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 300.633px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue The cells in connective tissue which fight {{c3::parasitic}} infection and have a {{c4::bi-lobed}} nucleus are the {{c2::eosinophils}}"<img src=""paste-7e3dada71294bcad6f131dc65b9c236d052356ab.jpg"" class=""""> <img src=""paste-30ca13501295e6f191d9cd7023a6d50727ff5dd1.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 300.633px; width: 440px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue {{c1::Loose::Loose/Dense}} connective tissue is more common than {{c1::Dense::Loose/Dense}} connective tissue"<img src=""paste-1a274b854f23b2612ec5ccab001db04129dcaa92.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue {{c1::Dense::Loose/Dense}} connective tissue has fewer cells than {{c1::Loose::Loose/Dense}} connective tissue"<img src=""paste-1a274b854f23b2612ec5ccab001db04129dcaa92.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue {{c1::Dense::Loose/Dense}} connective tissue cells are composed of mostly fibroblasts when compared to {{c1::Loose::Loose/Dense}} connective tissue"<img src=""paste-1a274b854f23b2612ec5ccab001db04129dcaa92.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue {{c1::Loose::Loose/Dense}} connective tissue has fewer type 1 collagen fibers than {{c1::Dense::Loose/Dense}} connective tissue"<img src=""paste-1a274b854f23b2612ec5ccab001db04129dcaa92.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue {{c1::Dense::Loose/Dense}} connective tissue has mostly type I collagen bundles and fibroblasts"<img src=""paste-a5e622169577d8baedfd58fe73b403f0c948bdda.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue {{c1::Unilocular (white)}} adipose tissue is used for lipid/energy storage"<img src=""paste-171972d543e628a93242b7c4f9063a9a9b973237.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue {{c1::Multilocular (brown)}} adipose tissue is used for heat generation in newborns"Heat generated by uncoupling of aerobic respiration to the ETC <img src=""paste-d8cbfad6969f59f93f711c3d16f0bb95ae63407d.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue Blood is composed of about {{c1::45}}% cells and {{c1::55}}% plasmaDentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue Leukocytes with polymorphic nuclei and dense cytoplasmic granules are {{c1::granulocytes}}"<img src=""paste-ab2a9952e79dd4fc8423918643800612de4f5678.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue Leukocytes with a spherical or indented nucleus are {{c1::agranulocytes}}"<img src=""paste-ab2a9952e79dd4fc8423918643800612de4f5678.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Histology::Connective_Tissue The {{c1::splanchnic}} lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to the cardiac muscles The {{c1::splanchnic}} lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to the smooth muscles The {{c1::somatic}} lateral plate mesoderm forms the {{c2::parietal}} membranes of pericardium, pleura & peritoneum Undifferentiated mesodermal cells receive differing signals for how to differentiate based on their {{c1::proximity to the notochord}}Notochord gives off chemical signals, and the closer the cell, the more of the signals it receives Formation of the spinal nerves is triggered by the {{c1::somites}} The axial skeleton is derived from the {{c1::sclerotome}} layer of somites The connective tissue of our skin is derived from the {{c1::dermamyotome}} layer of the somites Paraxial mesoderm organizes itself in a {{c1::cranio-caudal::direction}} sequence The {{c1::occipital somites (1-5)}} of the paraxial mesoderm will give rise to the tongue and base of the skull"Base of the skull is the occipital bone <img src=""paste-b2096a37bdb2dd601ec4a654bd8bac16aa44fc47.jpg"" class="""">" There are {{c1::42-44::#}} somites" <img src=""paste-b2096a37bdb2dd601ec4a654bd8bac16aa44fc47.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 275.719px; width: 440px;"">" There are {{c1::7::#}} cephalic somitomeres" <img src=""paste-b2096a37bdb2dd601ec4a654bd8bac16aa44fc47.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 275.719px; width: 440px;"">" Our body cavities are originally derived from the {{c1::embryonic coelom}}"<img src=""paste-c5d7e51d19eb9d5bf3f4d27a2a05a96f924541a3.jpg"" class="""">" The diaphragm is derived from the {{c1::transverse septum}}"<img src=""paste-07521e0a13169e39823152e374f675642d3c1c70.jpg"" class="""">" The cranial embryonic structures are put into the correct position by the {{c1::head}} fold"<img src=""paste-07521e0a13169e39823152e374f675642d3c1c70.jpg"" class="""">" The thoracic embryonic structures are put into the correct position by the {{c1::head}} fold"<img src=""paste-07521e0a13169e39823152e374f675642d3c1c70.jpg"" class="""">" The anus is brought closer to the body by the {{c1::tail}} fold"<img src=""paste-07521e0a13169e39823152e374f675642d3c1c70.jpg"" class="""">" The gut is formed by the {{c1::yolk sac}} after it is closed off during lateral folding"<img src=""paste-95541e951c4c556b20beeb2f8fd811fec2ccee05.jpg"" class="""">" The intraembryonic cavity is formed during {{c1::lateral}} folding"<img src=""paste-95541e951c4c556b20beeb2f8fd811fec2ccee05.jpg"" class="""">" After folding of the embyonic disk is complete, the edges of the disk will form the {{c1::umbilicus}}"<img src=""paste-95541e951c4c556b20beeb2f8fd811fec2ccee05.jpg"" class="""">" Formation of a secondary body axis can be induced by transplantation of the {{c1::primitive (Hensen's) node}}"<img src=""paste-fdba40c095029a9ce0f9d56857e7ccee44e61ff5.jpg"" class="""">" An important cellular structure whose action is associated with body axis formation is the {{c1::cilia}}"<img src=""paste-699372d7e84e121c7f15143b216f12710f58320d.jpg"" class="""">" Mirroring of unilateral organs is a condition known as {{c1::situs inversus}}"<img src=""paste-87477968d6a3a7e35ac26c9198b71eed37e3feb8.jpg"" class="""">" Holoprosencephaly is associated with {{c1::alcohol consumption}} during the third week of development"<img src=""paste-565d6c5e086aa58347e31ae26caa67012ebb4fd0.jpg"" class="""">" Holoprosencephaly is associated with a defective {{c1::sonic hedgehog}} gene"<img src=""paste-565d6c5e086aa58347e31ae26caa67012ebb4fd0.jpg"" class="""">" The epithelial lining of the branchial apparatus and respiratory system is derived from the {{c1::endo}}derm Failure of regression of extra {{c1::somites}} leads to formation of a vestigial tail"We have more somites than we do vertebrae, so some will normally regress  <img src=""paste-61434b24cbca429052ad7b2a3bed983d19bafecb.jpg"" class="""">" The notochord and the somites are both {{c1::epithelial::type}} cells"<img src=""paste-7a61e625424f62dd90e20bc5e0676c492558f167.jpg"" class="""">" "Identify the tissue: {{c1::cardiac muscle}} <img src=""paste-235a5d3d8226d9ec4345384c1b5d9226061fe3f5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cardiac "Identify the tissue: {{c1::smooth muscle}} <img src=""paste-7cb6af4d4028d0ee467d7b74dd115584900c19c9.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Smooth_muscle "Identify the tissue: {{c1::skeletal muscle}} <img src=""paste-20566ecdc8cdc4b7f443734ad2f76efb921adb07.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Skeletal "Identify the tissue: {{c1::cardiac muscle}} <img src=""paste-c9254d8fc3ce7a59fbb87b18703c5304ae3dbbb6.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cardiac "Over time, {{c2::cardiac}} muscle will build up deposits of a ""wear and tear"" pigment called {{c1::lipofuscin}}""Brown discolorations near the nuclei in this image <img src=""paste-c9254d8fc3ce7a59fbb87b18703c5304ae3dbbb6.jpg"" class="""" style=""height: 937px; width: 739px;"">"DentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cardiac "Name the tissue type: {{c1::skeletal muscle}} <img src=""paste-f171106ad5784be6a7c98df3a58f1007315d1e6f.jpg"" class="""">"Note the peripheral nuclei, and contrast that to the central nuclei seen in cardiac muscleDentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Skeletal "Name the tissue type: {{c1::cardiac muscle}} <img src=""paste-1f974404dba1289b1cc70e4370826be4f4e2e442.jpg"" class="""">"Note the central nuclei, in contrast to the peripheral nuclei seen in skeletal muscleDentKing::Anatomy::Muscle::Cardiac "Name the tissue type: {{c1::hyaline cartilage}} <img src=""paste-efdaffda5e7b9dd4cd7282d61ffd83dafa862b6f.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::General "Name the tissue type: {{c1::hyaline cartilage}} <img src=""paste-0f78c3a5120c4998441b2846682a91f294fc99dc.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::General "Name the tissue type: {{c1::hyaline cartilage}} <img src=""paste-a55d4b55f3d17a7faa71a4619b0f14fe7773cef1.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::General "Name the tissue type: {{c1::elastic cartilage}} <img src=""paste-5d5b10685c171298ccbe04b9cb4d2683b2c61225.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::General "Name the tissue type: {{c1::elastic cartilage}} <img src=""paste-8c197a1fb0f87e72ca123cde3a46374bc0bf1afc.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::General "Name the tissue type: {{c1::fibrocartilage}} <img src=""paste-8978e7e01c37cb7fe099d794c5e3163193c8fcb5.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Cartilage::General "Name the tissue type: {{c1::bone}} <img src=""paste-83e44df1a23f0acc122d1cbaee01d868aea59df2.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General "Name the tissue type: {{c1::bone}} <img src=""paste-1cdbeb674fa451dab4f09b1608032eaceb720f81.jpg"" class="""">""<img src=""paste-a64345762b205947d5c6dc494d2aa16485ee6c7f.jpg"" class="""">"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General 932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-1"<img src=""tmpe1x8jvci.png"" />""<img src=""932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General 932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-2"<img src=""tmpe1x8jvci.png"" />""<img src=""932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General 932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-3"<img src=""tmpe1x8jvci.png"" />""<img src=""932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General 932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-4"<img src=""tmpe1x8jvci.png"" />""<img src=""932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""932ae40fe646429dbebfa54123db40e4-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General 48db548ecdf14d7799fd9867928e86ce-ao-1"<img src=""tmp6r7mxlh2.png"" />""<img src=""48db548ecdf14d7799fd9867928e86ce-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""48db548ecdf14d7799fd9867928e86ce-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""48db548ecdf14d7799fd9867928e86ce-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General 48db548ecdf14d7799fd9867928e86ce-ao-2"<img src=""tmp6r7mxlh2.png"" />""<img src=""48db548ecdf14d7799fd9867928e86ce-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""48db548ecdf14d7799fd9867928e86ce-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""48db548ecdf14d7799fd9867928e86ce-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General 48db548ecdf14d7799fd9867928e86ce-ao-3"<img src=""tmp6r7mxlh2.png"" />""<img src=""48db548ecdf14d7799fd9867928e86ce-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""48db548ecdf14d7799fd9867928e86ce-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""48db548ecdf14d7799fd9867928e86ce-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General 667e4f2d07e844ee946ceb8c96ae6667-ao-1"<img src=""tmpwetr9uex.png"" />""<img src=""667e4f2d07e844ee946ceb8c96ae6667-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""667e4f2d07e844ee946ceb8c96ae6667-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""667e4f2d07e844ee946ceb8c96ae6667-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General 667e4f2d07e844ee946ceb8c96ae6667-ao-2"<img src=""tmpwetr9uex.png"" />""<img src=""667e4f2d07e844ee946ceb8c96ae6667-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""667e4f2d07e844ee946ceb8c96ae6667-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""667e4f2d07e844ee946ceb8c96ae6667-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General 2130dab0f486450a866bf1a2825b719d-ao-1"<img src=""tmpb64qslqa.png"" />""<img src=""2130dab0f486450a866bf1a2825b719d-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2130dab0f486450a866bf1a2825b719d-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""2130dab0f486450a866bf1a2825b719d-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General 1db39ccaf8414e459a077ae5ebb4cf4a-ao-1"<img src=""tmp4p0gkbqv.png"" />""<img src=""1db39ccaf8414e459a077ae5ebb4cf4a-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""1db39ccaf8414e459a077ae5ebb4cf4a-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""1db39ccaf8414e459a077ae5ebb4cf4a-ao-O.svg"" />"DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General Bones are held to tendons by tight connections made by {{c1::Sharpey's fibers}}DentKing::Anatomy::Bone::General Levator costarum (longus and brevis) O: {{c1::Transverse processes of C7-T11}} I: {{c2::Ribs one level below}} A: {{c3::Elevate ribs and rotate the spine}} N: {{c4::Dorsal rami of T1-T12}} B: {{c5::Posterior intercostal arteries}}"<div><div><img src=""1123_levatores_costarum_po.png"" class=""""><div></div><div></div> </div></div>"DentKing::Anatomy::Deep_Back::muscles

DentKing DS1 01) Summer - Human Structure Lecture Notes

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DentKing DS1 01) Summer - Human Structure Lecture Notes

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