UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
FACULTY OF MARITIME STUDIES
BACHELOR IN MANAGEMENT (MARITIME)
Public Perceptions Towards
Unmanned Bus Operations
at Johor Bahru
Norizzati Binti Mohamad Fauzi
S50447
Table of Contents
01
02
03
04
Introduction
Research
Problem
Objectives
Literature
Review
Autonomous
Vehicles (AV)
Why this research
is carried out
Research
Questions,
Hypothesis,
Theoretical
Framework
Previous Study
Table of Contents
05
06
Methodology
Gantt Chart
Data Analysis
Method
Proposal work
schedule
Introduction
Autonomous Vehicle (AV) also known as
driverless or self-driving vehicle or
unmanned vehicle, is a vehicle that is
capable of sensing its environment and
navigating without human input. Selfdriving vehicle technology has the
potential to bring substantial benefits to
the transportation system.
Research
02.
Problem
Traffic Congestion
The main cause of traffic congestions is over saturation of
traffic flow with private cars (Lu et al., 2018; Vlasov et al.,
2017). The indirect cause of traffic congestions is a low
coefficient of the use of cars.
03. Objectives
The current research looks over public perception towards unmanned bus
operation that concerns on general acceptance of Johor Bahru population
regarding the operation of unmanned bus. Focusing on this matter, there are
two objectives has been address as followed:
1.
To identify the public acceptances
2. To study the risk perceptions towards
towards unmanned bus operation
unmanned bus operations at Johor
at Johor Bahru.
Bahru.
Research Questions
2. How do income, gender, age,
prior knowledge of autonomous
vehicle, and frequency of transit
usage affect willingness to ride in
a driverless bus?
1. How do concerns about
automated
technologies
influence
respondents’
stated willingness to ride in
an unmanned bus?
3. How risk perception affected
the public acceptance towards
unmanned bus operations?
Hypothesis
H1: Acceptance of unmanned
demographic (e.g., age, gander)
bus
operations
depends
on
H2: Previous experience with unmanned vehicles influence the
acceptance of unmanned bus operations.
Theoretical Framework
In order to gain a better understand of public's’ perceptions
about and acceptance to use unmanned bus operations at
Johor Bahru, we refer two theoretical frameworks to answer
three principal research questions as stated
Theory of Planned
Behavior (TPB)
This theory is used to understand and
predict behaviors, which posits that
behaviors are immediately determined by
behavioral intentions and under certain
circumstances,
perceived
behavioral
control.
Behavioral
intentions
are
determined by a combination of three
factors: attitudes toward the behavior,
subjective
norms,
and
perceived
behavioral control (Kan et al., 2020).
Theoretical Model of Risk
Perception
Risk perceptions are beliefs about
potential harm or the possibility of a loss.
It is a subjective judgment that people
make about the characteristics and
severity of a risk. Risk perceptions are
central to many health behavior theories.
04. Literature
Review
Several studies have explored the perception of Autonomous Vehicle
(AV) to the public (Bakalos et al., 2020; Hilgarter & Granig, 2020;
López-Lambas & Alonso, 2019).
Using quantitative analysis, some descriptive survey results were
represented showing the relationship between willingness and socialdemographic variables such as age, gender and nationality (Anania et
al., 2018; Kyriakidis et al., 2015).
A study carried out by Piao et al. (2016), showed that security and
safety could be an issue for automated buses, especially during
evening or night services. Majority of the respondents expressed
concerns, especially during evening/night time services,
Another perspective is presented by Medina and Jenkins (2017) in
Greenwich, London. The study found out that the participants were
able to demonstrate positivity toward the technology, while
considering the potential impact on their lives and society as a whole.
Based on previous research on the acceptance of unmanned vehicles
have identified that men are more interested towards unmanned
vehicles compare to women. As example, Piao et al. (2016) found that
men had more positive intention to use and own unmanned vehicles
compare to women.
Another study by (Regan et al., 2017) also found men were pleasant to
accept a fully automated functions were installed in vehicles rather
than women.
While research conducted by Hulse et al. (2018) were found that men
had more positive attitude towards unmanned vehicles, and men had
low anxiety with unmanned vehicles reported by Hohenberger et al.
(2016).
Hence, the gender analysis clearly shows that men are more positive
towards AVs compared with women (Hilgarter & Granig, 2020).
05. Methodology
Areas Cover
01
03
Data Collection
Online survey
GOOGLE FORM - Questionnaires
Participants
Residents and workers who
work and live at Johor Bahru.
02
04
Study Area
Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Study Approach
Quantitative Approach
Data Analysis Method
Statistical
analyses
were
conducted using the software
package IBM SPSS Statistics
version 22 and its Complex
Samples module.
SPSS software has a technique called
missing value analysis which can
helps in making better decisions
about the data.
Expected Outcome
Public acceptance towards unmanned bus is important in order to
bring a shift in fully automated public transport.
Increase positive perception toward Automated Vehicles likely will
give benefit in driving safety, sustainability and mobility in the near
future.
06. Gantt Chart
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Thanks
Do you have any
questions?
s50447@ocean.umt.edu.my
+601111635114
Mr. Rizal b. Ismail - Supervisor
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