Use the notes you took over the last section that covered Biochemistry. For each of the
Video three covering pH is 25 minutes
Video four covering macromolecules/biomolecules is 38 minutes
Write a short ~50 word summary and define two vocabulary terms from each of the
videos
Vocabulary: ATOM, IONS, ISOTOPES, BONDING, INERT, ELECTRONS, ANIONS,
CATIONS, ACIDS, BASES, Ph, Hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis
The first video broke down the parts of an ATOM. An atom consists of a central
nucleus containing protons and neutrons and electrons in orbit around the
nucleus in shells. Protons have a positive charge and neutrons are neutral.
Electrons are smaller than both and have a negative charge. If the atom is
electrically neutral, it will have the same number of protons and electrons and
cancel each other out. Then if the atom gains or looses an electron they become
positively charged and are known called IONS. ISOTOPES are atoms of the same
element that have the same number of protons and same atomic number. They
will vary in the number of neutrons. The second video BONDING involves only
interactions between electrons in the outer shell. Atoms with full valance shell
don’t bond (noble gasses). Atoms are stable (INERT) when that outermost shell is
complete. Shell one can hold 2 ELECTRONS and the 2nd and 3rd shell can hold
maximum of 8. Ionic bonds are formed when atoms gain or loose electrons, this
helps atoms to become stable. ANIONS have a negative charge due to the gain of
electrons. CATIONS are formed when there is a loss of electron. Covalent bonds
electrons are shared in pairs. Video three covers Acids, bases and PH. Electrolytes
that release hydrogen ions in the water are called ACIDS. Acids are protein
donors since hydrogen ions are essentially hydrogen nucleus. Electrolytes that
release ions that combine with hydrogen ions in water are called BASES. They are
protein acceptors and seek strong hydrogen ions. Ph measures the relative
concentration of hydrogen ions. Video four reviews macromolecules, this is a
large molecule, such as a protein. Some macromolecules are 1. Proteins,
carbohydrates, Nucleic acid, and lipids. Hydrolysis reactions use water to
breakdown polymers into monomers and it's the opposite of dehydration
synthesis.
All monomers have the capacity to form chemical bonds to at least two other monomer molecules.
... monomers. Polymers are a class of synthetic substances composed of multiples of simpler units
called monomers. Polymers are chains with an unspecified number of monomeric units.
TERM: macromolecule is a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic
acid, or synthetic polymer.
Term: atom the basic unit of a chemical element.
TERM: Atomic mass (weight) is the average of protons and neutrons added together. i.e. the top right
small number in the element box on the periodic table will represent the number of protons. If the
atomic mass is 8 then the number of protons is 6 and neutrons is 2.
TERM: Polymers are a class of synthetic substances composed of multiples of simpler units called
monomers
TERM: Ph means the power of hydrogen. The Ph scale in the measures acidic or alkaline basic
something is.
TERM: Base - will be a substance that reacts to acid. i.e. bleach, and baking soda. You can add a
base to an acid to help balance the Ph.
TERM: Bonding is a chemical lasting reaction between atoms, ions or molecules that enable a
formation of chemical compounds. i.e. sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) bond to create salt
TERM: Inert means stable or neutral. An inert chemical substance will not be reactive. i.e. an
inert (stable)) atom is unable to acquire or lost an electron and will not participate in any
chemical reactions.