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Ernest Hemingway
(1899-1961)
American Journalist, Novelist, and Writer
Early Life
• Born in Cicero, Illinois on
July 21, 1899
• Raised in both a
conservative Chicago
suburb and in Northern
Michigan
• Parents (Grace and
Clarence) taught him to
fish, hunt and appreciate
the natural environment
Wallon Lake,
Michigan, 1916
Early Life
• Hemingway worked for his
high school’s newspaper,
writing mostly about sports
• First job after graduating was
for the Kansas City Star
• Began developing the
“minimalist” prose style that
made his writing unique
• While at the Kansas City Star,
he mastered the use of
writing with simple
sentences
At age 18, Hemingway began working for the
Kansas City Star
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Military Experience
• Relocated overseas in 1918
to serve in WW I
• Served as an ambulance
driver for the Italian Army
• Spent time in a Milan-based
hospital due to wounds from
an Austrian mortar shell
• Fell in love with nurse Agnes
von Kurowsky and asked her
to marry him.
• She accepted but later left
him for another love interest.
Awarded Italian Silver Medal of Bravery
Military Experience
• Hemingway was devastated
by the rejection of Agnes von
Kurowsky
• But these experiences
inspired him to write A
Farewell to Arms.
• This novel has been adapted
numerous times, for film in
1932 and 1957, and as TV
series in 1966
A Farewell to Arms, first published in 1929
Military Experience
• At that time, the United States was not yet
officially involved in WW I
• Americans could serve through volunteer
organizations, such as the American Red Cross
Ambulance Service
• Still personally coping with
the brutalities of war,
Hemingway returned home
at age 20
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Life in Europe
• Hemingway met his first
wife, Hadley Richardson, in
Chicago
• The young couple moved to
Paris, France
• Hemingway worked as a
foreign correspondent for a
Canadian newspaper, the
Toronto Star
• John Hadley Nicanor
Hemingway (“Jack”) was
born 1923
Life in Europe
• While in Paris, Hemingway
met Gertrude Stein, who
became an important mentor
to him.
• Through Stein, Hemingway
networked into a wide range
of authors and artists.
• It is widely believed that
Stein referred to this group of
writers and artists as “The
Lost Generation.”
The Lost Generation
• A term referring to individuals
who reached adulthood during
or shortly following WW I
• Disillusioned by horrors of war
• Rejected traditions of older
generation, especially
conservative.
• Their struggles characterized in
the works of writers and artists
(Stein, Hemingway, Fitzgerald,
T.S. Eliot)
• Common traits: decadence,
distorted visions of “American
Dream,” a rejection of
traditional ideas over behavior,
morality, and gender roles.
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➢ The Lost Generation refers to individuals who…
Life in Europe
• In 1925, Hemingway and his
wife visited Spain for the
Festival of San Fermin
• This trip inspired the setting
and premise for his novel, The
Sun Also Rises
• Many consider this novel
Hemingway's most
impressive work—because it
sets the postwar
disillusionment of "The Lost
Generation" into a poignant
narrative.
Life in Europe
With Pauline
Pfeiffer
• A Sun Also Rises was
published in 1926 and shortly
after Hemingway and Hadley
Richardson divorced
• Hemingway apparently had
an affair with Pauline Pfeiffer,
who became his wife once
the divorce was finalized
• Hemingway continued to
write but decided to relocate
to America with his new wife,
who as pregnant with their
son, Patrick Hemingway
Hemingway with
three sons, Jack,
Patrick, and Gregory
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living in Europe?
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Legacy
• When not writing,
Hemingway spent time deepsea fishing, bullfighting, and
big-game hunting
• During 1930s, he covered the
Spanish Civil War and
compiled research for his
book, For Whom the Bell
Tolls
• Hemingway received
nominated for the Pulitzer
Prize for this novel
Legacy
• During this time, Hemingway
and Pauline Pfeiffer divorced.
• Hemingway married Martha
Gellhorn, a war correspondent
he met while coving the
Spanish Civil War
• They moved onto a farm near
Havana, Cuba
In Europe, covering WWII,
1944
• Next, America entered WW
II, which Hemingway covered
as a war correspondent
With Martha Gellhorn
Legacy
• After World War II,
Hemingway's third marriage
to Gellhorn ended in divorce.
• Hemingway was married a
fourth time, to writer Mary
Welsh.
• In 1951, Hemingway
wrote The Old Man and the Sea
• Many consider this his most
famous book
• Unlike For Whom the Bell Tolls,
this novella won him the
Pulitzer Prize.
With Mary Welsh
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contribution to literature?
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he…
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Personal Struggles
• Throughout his career,
Hemingway sustained
numerous injuries while
exploring Africa
• He survived several plane
crashes
• After winning the Nobel Prize
for Literature in 1954, he
began to suffer from serious
illnesses.
• He struggled with
depression, liver disease, and
high blood pressure
Personal Struggles
• Hemingway retired in
Ketchum, where he
continued to suffer from
mental and physical illness
• On July 2nd, 1961, Ernest
Hemingway committed
suicide in his Ketchum, Idaho
home
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Hemingway’s life?
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