Gr.11 Cellular Biology Unit Review for Exam 1. Label the organelles of the animal cell and then write a brief description of their purpose. ● Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell, cellular Respiration occurs here. Bound by Double membrane and has its own DNA ● Cell Membrane ER Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Lysosomes is ar stu ed d vi y re aC s o ou urc rs e eH w er as o. co m Nucleus Control centre of the cell, contains DNA. Nucleus Usually, 1 per cell and the easiest to see. Surrounded by double membrane. ● Cell membrane Cytoplasm Boundary of the cell. Made up of a Phospholipid bilayer. ● Cytoplasm Enzymatic reactions and metabolic activity of the cell. Cellular Respiration begins here with anerobic respiration or glycolysis ● Lysosomes Garbage disposal of the cell. Contains digestive enzymes that breaks down waste. ● ER Known as the ER, connected to the nuclear membrane. Rough ER: studded with ribosomes, making protein. Smooth ER: no ribosomes, makes lipids. ● Golgi apparatus Stores, modifies and packages proteins. Molecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles. sh Th 2. Define chlorophyll Green pigment found in plants. Responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis 3.What is DNA, where is it found in the cell The molecule that contains the genetic code of organisms. DNA is in each cell in the organism and tells cells which proteins to make. DNA is found in the nucleus 4. What are the 4 nucleotide bases that make up DNA. Which 2 are always bound to each other? adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). AT and GC are always bound together 5. List the 4 macromolecules . Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and nucleic acids. 6. Classify each of the following examples as a macromolecule Example Macromolecule Carbohydrates Table sugar (sucrose) Carbohydrates Cellulose in celery Lipids vegetable oil Nucleic Acids adenine and thymine Lipids butter Lipids testosterone Proteins human hair Proteins egg whites This study source was downloaded by 100000804173999 from CourseHero.com on 05-31-2021 14:30:08 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/92577748/SBI3C-02-Cell-Bio-Exam-Review-docx/ 7. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? Label the diagram and make a short list to compare the two. Saturated Fats Unsaturated Fats Saturated fats are a type of fats that have predominantly single bonds between molecules in the fatty acid chain Solids at room temp. Unsaturated fats are a type of fats that have double bonds between molecules of the fatty acid chain Liquids at room temp. Saturated fats Unsaturated fats is ar stu ed d vi y re aC s o ou urc rs e eH w er as o. co m 8. What are the building blocks of proteins? Amino acids 9. Using p.32 in the textbook, describe how enzymes work. 1. The enzyme and the substrate are in the same area. Some situations have more than one substrate molecule that the enzyme will change. 2. The enzyme grabs on to the substrate at a special area called the active site. ... 3. A process called catalysis happens. 4. The enzyme releases the product. 10. What happens if you add heat to a protein. Use the proper term. When heated the protein can denature, this means the molecules unfold or break apart. 11. Make a flow chart for the macromolecules (Use chart paper for an example) Th 12. Explain the difference between isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic. Draw a picture to help you remember. Isotonic: A solution that has the same salt concentration as cells and blood. sh Hypertonic: A solution that contains more dissolved particles than is found in normal cells and blood. Hypotonic: A solution that has a low solute concentration than inside the cells. Osmotic forces than cause water from a solution to enter the cells. The cell then stretches and bursts in the process becoming lysis This study source was downloaded by 100000804173999 from CourseHero.com on 05-31-2021 14:30:08 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/92577748/SBI3C-02-Cell-Bio-Exam-Review-docx/ 13. Different molecules have different methods of being transported across a cell membrane. Define osmosis a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. Which type of transport requires energy? Facilitated diffusion or Active transport: Active transport What is the form of energy a cell uses? ATP Use p.67 to give 3 reasons why cells require energy. Grow/reproduce, maintain structure and respond to their environment Explain the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis: Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell 14. Write out the overall equation for cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O 15. Write out the overall equation for photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 sh Th is ar stu ed d vi y re aC s o ou urc rs e eH w er as o. co m 16. Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are linked together. Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. ... Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by- products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the process. 17. What is the difference between aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic cellular respiration? Aerobic respiration takes place in presence of oxygen; whereas anaerobic respiration takes place in absence of oxygen. Carbon dioxide and water are the end products of aerobic respiration, while alcohol is the end product of anaerobic respiration. This study source was downloaded by 100000804173999 from CourseHero.com on 05-31-2021 14:30:08 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/92577748/SBI3C-02-Cell-Bio-Exam-Review-docx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
