International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 5 Issue 3, March-April 2021 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
RP-163: Solving a Special Standard Quadratic Congruence
Modulo an Even Multiple of an Odd Positive Integer
Prof B M Roy
Head, Department of Mathematics, Jagat Arts,
Commerce & I H P Science College, Goregaon, Gondia, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
The author, here in this paper, presented a formulation for solving a special
standard quadratic congruence modulo an even multiple of an odd positive
integer. The established formula is tested and verified true by solving
various numerical examples. The formulation works well and proved timesaving.
How to cite this paper: Prof B M Roy
"RP-163: Solving a Special Standard
Quadratic Congruence Modulo an Even
Multiple of an Odd Positive Integer"
Published
in
International
Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research
and
Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 24566470, Volume-5 |
IJTSRD41116
Issue-3, April 2021,
pp.1144-1146,
URL:
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd41116.pdf
KEYWORDS: Composite modulus, even-multiple, odd positive integer,
Quadratic Congruence
Copyright © 2021 by author (s) and
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
Journal. This is an Open Access article
distributed
under
the terms of the
Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
INTRODUCTION
Every reader of mathematics knows the mathematical
statement of division algorithm. It states that if
is
divided by
the quotient and the remainder are
obtained and these four integers -a, m, q, r - are written as:
This is the mathematical
statement of Division Algorithm.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The said congruence is not found in the literature of
mathematics. Also, no method or no formulation is seen in
the literature to find the solutions of
It can be written as:
But readers can use Chinese
Remainder Theorem (CRT) [1].
It can further be writtenin modular form as:
If is replaced by
then it reduces to
and called as standard quadratic congruence. If m is a
composite positive integer, it is called the congruence of
composite modulus.
Here the author wishes to formulate of solutions ofthe
standard quadratic congruence of composite modulus.
Such type of congruence has never studied by the earlier
mathematicians. Hence the author consider it for the
formulation of its solutions.
PROBLEM-STATEMENT
To establish a formula forthe solutions of the congruence:
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The congruence can be split into two separate congruence:
Solving (1) & (2), then using CRT, all the solutions can be
obtained easily.
In the book of David Burton [3], it is said that
a
solution
if
Then
must be odd positive integer.
Nothing is found in the literature of mathematics, if is
even positive integer. But the solutions of (1) are
formulated by the author [4]. The author also has
formulated the solutions of the congruence:
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
It is seen that the congruence (2) has exactly two solutions [2]. The finding of solutions of the individual congruence is not
simple. No method is known to find the solutions of (1). Readers can only use trial & error method. It is time consuming
and complicated. The author wants to overcome this difficulties and wishes to find a direct formulation of the solutions of
the congruence.
ANALYSIS & RESULTS
Consider the congruence:
For its solutions, consider
Then,
Therefore, it is seen that
congruence for different values of k.
satisfies the said congruence and it gives solutions of the
But if
These are the same solutions of the congruence as for
Also for
These are the same solutions of the congruence as for
Therefore, all the solutions are given by
solutions of the congruence under consideration.
These gives
ILLUSTRATIONS
Example-1: Consider the congruence
It can be written as:
It is of the type:
It has exactly
n congruent solutions given by
.
Example-2: Consider the congruence:
It is of the type:
It has exactly
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n congruent solutions given by
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.
Example-3: Consider the congruence:
It is of the type:
It has exactly
ncongruent solutions given by
.
Example-4: Consider the congruence:
It is of the type:
It has exactly
ncongruent solutions given by
832, 848
.
These are sixteen incongruent solutions of the congruence.
Example-5: Consider the congruence:
It is of the type:
It has exactly
ncongruent solutions given by
=8, 184; 16, 32; 40, 56; 64, 80; 88, 104; 112, 128; 136, 152; 160,176
.
These are sixteen incongruent solutions of the congruence.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, here in this case, it can now be concluded that
the congruence under consideration:
has
incongruent solutions given by
[3]
David M Burton, 2012, Elementary Number Theory,
Mc Graw Hill education, Seventh edition, ISBN: 9781-25-902576-1, page-194.
[4]
Roy B M, Formulation of solutions of a very special
class of standard quadratic congruence of
composite modulus modulo an even prime of even
power, International Journal for research Trends
and Innovations (IJRTI), ISSN: 2456-3315, Vol-05,
Issue-12, Dec-20.
[5]
Roy B M, Reformulation of a special standard
quadratic congruence of even composite modulus,
Research Journal of Mathematical and Statistical
Science (IJMRSS), ISSN: 2394-6407, Vol-07, Issue02, Mar-20.
The truth and correctness of the formula established is
verified solving some suitable examples.
REFERENCE
[1] Zuckerman et al, 2008, An Introduction to The
Theory of Numbers, Willey India (Pvt) Ltd, Fifth
edition (Indian Print), ISBN: 978-81-265-1811-1,
page-64; page-70.
[2] Thomas Koshy, 2009, Elementary Number Theory
with Applications, Academic Press, second edition,
ISBN: 978-81-312-1859-4, page-497.
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