What are the Vedas?
Vedas
Sruti, Smrti, and Nyaya
Upanisads and Darsanas
Bhasyas
1
3
4
5
Puranas, Itihasas, and Kavyas
Pancaratras
The Four Books
7
8
8
Introduction:
The following lessons are designed to give the reader a clear and concise understanding of what is Vedic
literature and what are the relationships between the various scriptures within the sanaatana dharma. Many
times we have a general idea of common words such as the Vedas, the Puranas, the Itihasas, etc., but we do
not actually understand the various concepts clear enough to relate them to each other, nor do we have a
deep enough understanding to explain their position to others. This simple study course will give one the
necessary knowledge to understand what books we are following and how the various books inter-relate
with each other. If anyone is serious about studying this course, we invite you to answer the questions at the
end of each lesson.
Lesson One (Vedas)
Veda means knowledge. The original knowledge are the teachings of the Vedas. In the conditioned state our
knowledge is subjected to many deficiencies. There are four defects that a conditioned soul has: committing
mistakes, subject to illusion, cheating propensity and imperfect senses. These deficiencies make us unfit for
having perfect knowledge. Therefore we accept the Vedas as they are.
Vedas are apauruseya, which means they are not compilations of human knowledge. Vedic knowledge comes
from the spiritual world, from Lord Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead. In the beginning the first
living creature was Brahma. He received the Vedic knowledge from Krsna.
Vedas are compared to desire tree because they contain all things knowable by man. They deal with
mundane necessities as well as spiritual realization. Above and beyond all departments of knowledge there
are specific directions for spiritual realization. Regulated knowledge involves a gradual raising of the living
entity to the spiritual platform, through varna (brahmana - intellectual, ksatriya - ruler, vaisya - merchant,
sudra - worker) and asrama (brahmacarya - student, grhastha - family, vanaprastha - retired, sannyasa mendicant). The highest spiritual realization is knowledge that the Personality of Godhead is the reservoir of
all pleasures, spiritual tastes.
Formerly there was only the Veda of the name Yajur. The sacrifices mentioned in the Vedas were means by
which the people’s occupations according to their orders of life (namely brahmacarya, grhastha, vanaprastha
and sannyasa) could be purified. To simplify the process and make them more easily performable, Vyasadeva
(the empowered incarnation of Krsna) divided the one Veda into four, Rg (prayers), Yajur (hymns for
oblations), Sama (same prayers and hymns in meters for singing), Atharva (body/world maintenance and
destruction) in order to expand them among men.
Thus the original source of knowledge is the Vedas. There are no branches of knowledge either mundane or
transcendental, which do not belong to the original texts of the Vedas. They have simply been developed
into different branches. They were originally rendered by great seers. In other words, the Vedic knowledge
broken into different branches by different disciplic successions (known as sakhas) has been distributed all
over the world. No one, therefore, can claim independent knowledge beyond the Vedas.
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The texts of the Vedas are known as Samhitas. Within these Samhitas there are portions known as Mantras,
which contain prayers in the form of potent sound compounds revealed to great seers for different purposes.
In the Vedic civilization three orders of life lived in the forests. Only grhasthas inhabited the cities. The
regulated knowledge for living in the city, is revealed in the books known as Brahmanas, whereas the
regulated knowledge for living in the forest is revealed in the books known as Aranyakas.
Questions:
1.What are Vedas?
2.What are four defects of conditioned souls?
3.Why should one accept Vedas as they are?
4.What is the subject matter of Vedas and what is the purpose of it?
5.What is varnasrama?
6.What are the divisions of the Vedas? Who divided them? Why were they divided?
7.Why is it that no one can claim independent knowledge beyond the Vedas?
8.Describe the different sections of the Vedas.
VEDIC KNOWLEDGE
Revealed absolute Truth
Every word unchanged eternally
VEDAS
UPAVEDAS
Rg, Yajur,
Sama, Atharva
Dhanurveda
Ayurveda, etc.
SRUTI
VEDANGAS
Samhitas
Kalpa
mantras
ritual details
Brahmanas
ritual explanation
of mantras
Aranyakas
esoteric explanation
of mantras
Upanisads
Jnana-kanda
philosophy of Brahman
Siksa
Ritual Sutras
Tantras
Connected to
Kalpa-vedanga
Spoken by Lord
Siva to Parvati
Srauta Sutras
Puranas
Itihasas
Six Darshanas
18 Major
Grhya Sutras
explains
home yajnas
Vyakarana
Dharma Sutras
grammar
Law books
Nirukta
Pancaratras
Vaisnava
worship
explains
public yajnas
pronunciation
etymology
Composed by sages
Wording may change from age to age
SMRTI
18 Minor
Tamasic
Rajasic
Dharma Sastras
Sattvic
including Manusamhita and others
Chandas
meters
Jyotisa
astronomy-time
calculation
Vedanta
(Vyasa)
(Metaphysics)
theology of
Upanisads
Mimamsa
Nyaya
(Gautama)
(Jaimini)
(Epistemology, logic)
(Hermeneutics)
philosophy of
interpreting
knowledge
scriptural texts
including logic
sisters
Vaisesika
(Kanada)
(Metaphysics)
philosophy of
existence
sisters
Yoga
Sankhya
(Patanjali)
(Sadhana)
(Atheist Kapila)
(Metaphysics)
sisters
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Lesson Two (Sruti, Smrti, and Nyaya)
There are three different sources of vedic knowledge, called prasthana-traya.
The Upanisads are known as sruti-prasthana,
the scriptures following the principles of six limbs vedic knowledge (Vedangas) as well as Mahabharata,
Bhagavad-gita, and Puranas a re known as smrti- prasthana and
Vedanta-sutras which present the vedic knowledge on the basis of logic and arguments is known as nyayaprasthana. All scientific knowledge of transcendence must be supported by sruti, smrti and a sound logical
basis (nyaya ). Smrti and nyaya always confirm that which is said in the sruti.
Vedic injunctions are known as sruti. From the original Veda Samhitas up to the Upanisads are classified as
sruti. The additional supplementary presentations of these principles as given by the great sages are known
as smrti. They are considered as evidence for vedic principles. Understanding the ultimate goal of life is
ascertained in the Vedanta-sutras by legitimate logic and argument concerning cause and effect.
There are six aspects of knowledge in the Vedas known as Vedangas:
Siksa - phonetic science
Candas - meter
Vyakarana - grammar
Jyotis - time science (astronomy & astrology)
Nirukti - context (conclusive meaning)
Kalpa - rituals
The seers who have realized these aspects of knowledge from the Vedas, have composed sutras (short but
potent phrases which convey a lot of meanings) on each Vedanga.
Kalpa-sutras are of four categories, viz., srouta (collective sacrifices), grhya (family rituals), dharma
(occupational duties) and sulba (building of sacrificial fireplaces, altars etc.).
According to the different levels of conditioned consciousness there are instructions in the Vedas for worship
of different controllers, with the aim of reaching different destinations and enjoying different standards of
sense enjoyment.
Agamas (emanated scriptures) are books which are classified into five for this purpose:
energy - Sakti - Sakta Agamas
visible source (Sun) - Surya - Soura Agamas
controller - Ganapati - Ganapatya Agamas
destroyer - Siva - Saiva Agamas
ultimate source - Visnu - Vaikhanasa Agamas
For those who are below standard for vedic purificatory process, Lord Siva gave the Tantra sastras. These
have two general classifications, right and left. While the right aspect contains regulations for purification for
those who are grossly engaged in meat eating, intoxication and illicit sex, the left aspect contains low class
activities like black magic etc.
From the point of view of common human activities sense gratification is the basis of material life. To cater to
this aim, there are three paths mentioned in the Vedas:
Karma-kanda path involves fruitive activities to gain promotion to better planets. Using the methodology
from the first five Vedangas, the Kalpa-sutras explain this path.
Upasana-kanda involves worshiping different controllers for promotion to their planets. The Agamas explain
this path.
Jnana-kanda involves realizing the Absolute truth in impersonal feature for the purpose of becoming one .
The Upanisads explain this path.
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Though these paths are all from the Vedas, and the Vedas do explain them, one should not think that that is
all the Vedas have. The real purpose of the Vedas is to gradually push one in the path of self realization to the
point of surrender in devotion al service to the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Krsna.
Questions:
1.What is prasthana-traya?
2.What is the difference between sruti, smrti and nyaya?
What are the vedic books under this classification?
3.What are Vedangas?
4.Describe the four divisions of Kalpa-sutras.
5.How many are the paths mentioned in the Vedas? What are they? Which books explain them?
6.What is the real purpose of the Vedas?
Lesson Three (Upanisads and Darsanas)
(Vedanta and six systems of philosophy)
Upanisad means receiving knowledge while sitting near the teacher. These are conversations between self
realized souls and their students on the subject matter of Absolute truth. The philosophical aspects of all the
important processes and practices of knowledge (known as vidyas) that are given in the Vedas are discussed
in the Upanisads. Veda means knowledge and anta means end. Upanisads are known as Vedanta, end of
knowledge.
In the Upanisads the description is more or less negation of the material conception of everything, up to the
Supreme Lord. It is very important to note that there is no denial of the spiritual, absolute, transcendental
conception in the Upanisads. The purpose of the Upanisads is to philosophically establish the personal feature
of the Absolute Truth as transcendental to material names, forms, qualities and actions.
There are 108 Upanisads, as accepted by disciplic succession. Among them the following are considered as
topmost:
1) Isa 2) Kena 3) katha 4) Prasna 5) Mundaka 6) Mandukya 7) Taittiriya
8) Aitareya 9) Chandogya 10) Brhad-aranyaka 11) Svetasvatara
Darsana means, sight or vision. In the Vedanta philosophy, the first question is, what is the source of
everything? There are philosophers who saw different stages of the original source, and explained philosophy
according to their vision. These are known as darsanas. They are also known as sad-darsanas (six systems of
philosophy).
Nyaya, the philosophy of logic, maintains that the atom is the cause of the cosmic manifestation.
Vaisesika, philosophy of specialised logic, maintains that the combination of atoms is the cause of the cosmic
manifestation.
Sankhya, philosophy of analytical study, maintains that the material nature is the cause of the cosmic manifestation.
Yoga, philosophy of mystic perfections, maintains that universal consciousness is the cause of the cosmic manifestation.
Purva (karma) mimamsa, philosophy of actions and reactions, maintains that fruitive activities are the cause of the
cosmic manifestation.
Uttara (brahma) mimamsa has two different categories:
The impersonalists maintain that the impersonal Brahman effulgence is the cause of the cosmic manifestation.
After studying the six philosophical theses, Vyasadeva completely summarized them all in his Vedanta-sutra
darsana: The Absolute Truth is the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is the cause of all causes.
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Anyone who wants to establish his own philosophy certainly cannot explain any scripture according to the
principle of direct interpretation. Among the six kinds of philosophers up to the impersonalist brahmamimamsa philosophers, none really cares for the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is the cause of all
causes. They are always busy refuting the philosophical theories of others and establishing their own.
Darshana
Nyaya
Vaisesika
Sankhya
Yoga
Purva (karma)
mimamsa
Uttara (brahma)
mimamsa type 1
mimamsa type 2
Sage
Gautama
Kanada
Kapila
Patanjali
Jaimini
Vyasa
Cause of cosmic manifestation
atom
Combination of atoms
Material nature
Universal consciousness
Fruitive activities governed by
law of karma
Brahman effulgence
(impersonal)
Supreme Personality of
Godhead
Modern thought (Hodgepodge)
Atomic theory
Molecular theory
Chance, big bang, evolution
Worship nature, new age philosophy
Jainism
mayavad
Nyaya and Vaisesika philosophers by accepting atoms as source have rejected the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
The Sankhya philosophers do not accept the Supreme Personality of Godhead, because after scrutinizingly analysing the
material elements, they have come to the conclusion that material nature is the cause of everything.
The Yoga philosophers imagine a form of the Absolute Truth within many forms, and thus do not give any information
about the transcendental Personality of Godhead.
Purva (karma) mimamsa philosophers maintain that if there is a God, He is subjected to our fruitive activities. Therefore
they do not see any need to become devotees of the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
The impersonalist Uttara (brahma) mimamsa philosophers say that everything is an illusion. Headed by philosophers like
Astavakra, they stress the impersonal Brahman effulgence as the cause of everything, rejecting the transcendental
Personality of Godhead, who is also the source of that Brahman effulgence.
Srila Vyasadeva wrote the Vedanta-sutras and taking the essence of all vedic literature, established the
supremacy of the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
Questions:
1. What are Upanisads? What do they teach?
2. How many are the Upanisads? List the most important ones. (Do you know the name of the Upanisad that Srila
Prabhupada translated and given purports to?)
3. What is the actual purpose of the Upanisads?
4. What are darsanas? Name the six darsanas.
5. What do the six systems of philosophy establish as cause of cosmic manifestation?
6. Explain how the six systems of philosophy are all atheistic.
7. What system of philosophy will you classify Vyasadeva’s Vedanta-sutras in? Why are Vedanta-sutras the complete
Vedanta Philosophy?
Lesson Four (Bhasyas)
(Commentaries on Vedanta Sutra)
Vyasadeva is an incarnation of Krsna. He compiled Vedanta-sutra to enable one to understand the Absolute
Truth through infallible logic and argument.
Veda means knowledge, and anta means the end. In other words, proper understanding of the ultimate
purpose of the Vedas is called Vedanta knowledge.
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A sutra is a code that expresses the essence of all knowledge in a minimum of words. It must be universally
applicable and faultless in its linguistic presentation; this is the definition of sutra according to Vayu and
Skanda Puranas.
Knowledge which is given in the Vedanta-sutra is supported by the Upanisads. Vedanta-sutras are known as
nyaya-prasthana, legitimate logic and argument concerning cause and effect giving the conclusive
understanding of the sruti-prasthana, the Upanisads.
Vedanta-sutra, which consists of codes revealing the method of understanding Vedic knowledge, is the
concise form of all Vedic knowledge. It begins with the words "athato brahma-jijnasa" ( "now is the time to
inquire about the Absolute Truth"). The human form of life is especially meant for this purpose, and
therefore the Vedanta-sutra very concisely explains the human mission. According to the great dictionary
compiler (Kosakara), Hemacandra, Vedanta refers to the purport of the Upanisads and the Brahmana portion
of the Vedas.
The Vedanta-sutras are also known by the following different names:
Brahma-sutra, Saririka-sutra, Vyasa-sutra, Badarayana-sutra, Uttara-mimamsa, Vedanta-darsana.
The Vedanta-sutra consists of four chapters.
The first two chapters discuss the relationship of the living entity with the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
This is known as sambandha-jnana, or the knowledge of relationship.
The third chapter describes how one can act in his relationship with the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
This is called abhideya-jnana.
The fourth chapter describes the result of such action. This is known as prayojana-jnana.
Because the Vedanta-sutra is in codes which contain a lot of knowledge, it required commentaries (bhasyas).
Sripada Sankaracarya wrote his commentary on Vedanta-sutra based on monism (advaita - not two). He
established that God and the living entity are one. Not accepting the transformation of the energy of
Absolute Truth, which is the actual explanation of the Vedanta-sutra, he introduced the theory of illusion. He
claimed that everything is one with Supreme.
There are other (theistic) commentaries by vaisnava acaryas:
Nimbarka
Visnuswami
Ramanujacarya
Madhvacarya
Baladeva vidyabhusana
dvaitadvaita
suddhadvaita
visistadvaita
dvaita
acintya bhedabheda
oneness and dualism
purified oneness
specific oneness
dualism
inconceivable oneness and difference
In each of these commentaries, the Supreme Personality of Godhead is established as the cause of all causes,
the cosmic manifestation is established as transformation of His inconceivable energies, and devotional
service is described very explicitly.
Questions:
1. Who is Vyasadeva? Why did he compile Vedanta-sutras?
2. What is Vedanta? What is sutra? How do you know?
3. What is the connection between Upanisads and Vedanta-sutra?
4. What is the connection between knowledge of the Vedas and Vedanta-sutras?
5. What are the different names of Vedanta-sutra?
6. What are the contents of the Vedanta-sutra?
7. What is the necessity of commentaries on the Vedanta-sutra?
8. Describe in brief the commentary of Sankaracarya?
9. List the vaisnava commentaries and the names of their philosophies.
10. What is common in the vaisnava commentaries?
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Lesson Five (Puranas, Itihasas, and Kavyas)
Puranas are compiled from related historical facts which explain the teachings of the four Vedas. In the
Chandogya Upanisad, the Puranas and the Mahabharata, generally known as histories, are mentioned as the
fifth Veda.
Srila Vyasadeva, due to his kindness and sympathy toward the fallen souls, supplemented the Vedas with
Puranas which easily explain the Vedic truths, intended for different types of men.
All men are not equal. There are men who are conducted by the mode of goodness, others who are under
the mode of passion and others who are under the mode of ignorance. The Puranas are so divided that any
class of men can take advantage of them and gradually regain their original position and get out of the hard
struggle for existence.
All the stories mentioned in the Puranas are actual histories, not only of this planet but also on millions of
other planets within the universe.
In the Puranas, (which are classified under the three modes) as a matter of course, Srila Vyasadeva has
certainly given descriptions of the glories of Krsna, but not as many as given to religiosity economic
development, sense gratification and salvation . These four items are by far very inferior to engagement in
the devotional service of the Lord.
Therefore, in the pure-goodness Purana, viz., Srimad Bhagavatam, Srila Vyasadeva proclaims that the prime
necessity of human life is to realize one’s eternal relationship with the Lord and thus surrender unto Him
without delay.
Itihasas are literatures describing historical events pertaining to either a single hero or a few heroic
personalities in a lineage: for example, Ramayana describing the pastimes of Sri Ramacandra and
Mahabharata describing the pastimes of the Pandavas in the lineage of the Kurus. In these books there are
topics on transcendental subjects along with material topics. The Bhagavad-gita is a part of Mahabharata.
The whole idea of the Mahabharata culminates in the ultimate instructions of the Bhagavad-gita t hat one
should give up all other engagements and should engage oneself solely and fully in surrendering unto the
lotus feet of Krsna. The conclusive teaching of the Ramayana also is to fully surrender and take shelter of
Lord Sri Ramacandra.
Kavyas are dramatic poetical presentations of selected histories from the Itihasas and/or Puranas, some
examples are Raghuvamsa, Meghaduta, Sakuntala.
All the vedic literatures, are put into systematic order for the benefit of the fallen souls who are detached
from the transcendental loving service of the Lord. It is the duty of the fallen souls to take advantage of such
literatures and become freed from the bondage of material existence.
Questions:
1. How are Puranas compiled?
2. Give an evidence for the Vedic authority of the Puranas.
3. How did Vyasadeva helped the different types of men to understand the vedic truths?
4. How are the Puranas divided?
5. What subject matters are given more importance in the Puranas under the three modes?
6. How is Srimad Bhagavatam different from the other Puranas?
7. What mode is Srimad Bhagavatam in?
8. What are Itihasas? What is the ultimate teaching contained in them?
9. What is the utility of the Puranic classification of the Vedic literature?
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Lesson Six (Pancaratras)
Pancaratrasya krtsnasya vakta tu bhagavan svayam: The Pancaratra system is spoken by the Supreme
Personality of Godhead (just like the Bhagavad-gita); there are 108 Pancaratra books in which the system of
worship of the Lord in His Deity form is explained to and through the great authorities of devotional service,
viz., Lord Brahma, Lord Siva, Goddess Laksmi etc., Padma Pancaratra, Narada Pancaratra, Hayasirsa
Pancaratra, Laksmi-tantra, and Mahesa Pancaratra are some of the most important books of Pancaratra.
Under the Vedic vidhi (rules) a student is required to be a bonafide son of a brahmana or twice born, but a
sudra can be elevated to a brahmana’s position by Pancaratrika vidhi.
As human society becomes degraded by the influence of the age of Kali, people become unfit for the vedic
system. So the Pancaratra system of making one qualified by initiating him into the process of devotional
service by which he is engaged fully in the service of the Deity form of the Lord is the only practical method
for deliverance in this age of Kali.
Pancaratra books contain elaborate descriptions on the subject matter of the expansions and incarnations of
the Supreme Personality of Godhead, especially the Deity incarnations, detailed informations on day to day
worship of the Deity forms, methods of purification of the worshipper and process of practical meditation,
process of installing temple and Deities, and instructions on how to conduct different festivals in glorification
of the pastimes of the Lord.
In the four authorised sampradayas, the acaryas have compiled Deity worship manuals based on these
Pancaratra books. Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu instructed Rupa Goswami and Sanatana Goswami in the
subject matter of Pancaratra and advised them to write books on this subject.
Srila Sanatana Goswami compiled Hari bhakti vilas, giving elaborate descriptions of vaisnava regulative
principles and practice. Srila Rupa Goswami made his treatise on the subject, viz., Bhakti rasamrta sindhu
with profound knowledge of revealed scriptu res and authoritative references from various Vedic literatures,
especially Narada Pancaratra.
Srila Prabhupada gave a summary study in prose on Bhakti rasamrta sindhu, in his book Nectar of Devotion.
Thus the codes of conduct book for the Krsna conscious devotees, the Nectar of Devotion, is the Pancaratra
book for the Krsna consciousness movement.
Questions:
1. What are Pancaratras?
2. What is the difference between Vedic rules and Pancaratrika rules?
3. What is the special importance of the Pancaratra system in the age of Kali?
4. What are the subject matters of the Pancaratra books?
5. What is Nectar of Devotion? Explain its connection with the Pancaratra books.
Lesson Seven (The Four Books)
Bhagavad-gita As It Is:
This book is the a, b, c book of spiritual education. This is the essence of the knowledge imparted in the
Upanisads. Since Brahma-sutras give conclusive meaning to the Upanisads, Bhagavad-gita is also the essence
of the subject matter of the Brahma-sutras. Vedic knowledge is complete because it is above all doubts and
mistakes, and Bhagavad-gita is the essence of all such Vedic knowledge. Out of many standard and
authoritative revealed scriptures, the Bhagavad-gita is the best.
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In the present age people are so absorbed in mundane activities that it is not possible for them to read all the
Vedic literatures. This one book, Bhagavad-gita As It Is will suffice because it is the essence of all vedic
literatures and especially because it is spoken by the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
The whole Bhagavad-gita centers on the declaration that Krsna is the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and
that the ultimate perfection of life for the living being is to fully surrender unto Him.
Nectar of devotion:
Bhaktirasamrta sindhu by Srila Rupa Goswami is a treatise on the codes of conduct of devotees compiled in
Haribhakti vilas by Srila Sanatana Goswami. Srila Prabhupada gave a summary study of Bhaktirasamrta
sindhu in his book Nectar of Devotion, thus providing the Pancaratra for the devotees of the Krsna
consciousness movement.
The Nectar of Devotion teaches us how to turn that switch that will immediately brighten everything,
everywhere, by engaging in the simple and natural method of loving Krsna, the Supreme Personality of
Godhead. Even those who are completely confused and frustrated in life, can extinguish immediately the fire
of material existence burning within their hearts, by learning this art of devotional service as directed in the
Nectar of Devotion.
The Nectar of Devotion is specifically presented for persons who are engaged in the Krsna Consciousness
movement.
Srimad-Bhagavatam:
Within the Vedic literature, there are two systems of education. One deals with transcendental knowledge
(para vidya) and the other with material knowledge (apara vidya). The Vedas and their corollaries the six
Vedangas deal with the inferior system of material knowledge, viz, to improve religion (dharma), economic
development (artha), sense gratification (kama), and liberation (moksa).
As far as Vedic literature is concerned, Vedanta-sutra is accepted as the para vidya. Srimad Bhagavatam is an
explanation of that para vidya. It is the fully matured fruit of the desire tree known as Vedic literature.
Srila Prabhupada has given his Bhaktivedanta (devotional Vedanta) translations and purports on Srimad
Bhagavatam as the graduate study for the devotees of the Krsna consciousness movement.
Sri Caitanya Caritamrta:
Sri Krsna appeared as Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu to give practical demonstrations of the teachings He gave as
Krsna. He relished the descriptions of Krsna lila given in the Srimad Bhagavatam by Vyasadeva.
Srila Vrndavan Das Thakur, the Vyasa of Caitanya Bhagavata described Lord Caitanyas pastimes. Following in
his footsteps Sri Krsnadas Kaviraj Goswami, composed Sri Caitanya Caritamrta, in which the teachings of Sri
Caitanya Mahaprabhu are described in great detail.
One begins with Bhagavad-gita and advances through Srimad Bhagavatam (for which conducting life according to the
codes of Nectar of Devotion is a must), to the Caitanya Caritamrta. Although all these great scriptures are on the same
absolute level, for the sake of comparative study Caitanya Caritamrta is considered to be on the highest platform.
Srila Prabhupada says in his preface to the Caitanya Caritamrta, "I sincerely hope that by understanding the
teachings of Lord Caitanya human society will experience a new light of spiritual life which will open the field
of activity of the pure soul."
Srila Prabhupada says in his purport to Madhya-lila 22.118 of Sri Caitanya Caritamrta:
"In our Krsna consciousness movement we have therefore limited our study of Vedic literatures to Bhagavadgita, Srimad Bhagavatam, Sri Caitanya Caritamrta and Bhaktirasamrta sindhu. These four works are sufficient
for preaching purposes. They are adequate for the understanding of the philosophy and the spreading of
missionary activities all over the world."
The whole ocean of Vedic literature is contained in these four books of Srila Prabhupada - as you have seen through
these lessons. If a student sincerely studies these four books analytically and systematically,
"Four books are enough!"
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