IESPP “ALIANZA ICHUÑA-BÉLGICA”
COMMON LINKING WORDS FOR GIVING A REASON
Due to / due to the fact that
Owing to / owing to the fact that
Because
Because of
Since
As
Due to and owing to must be followed by a noun.
“Due to the rise in oil prices, the inflation rate rose by 1.25%.”
“Owing to the demand, we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks.”
If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject, verb and object), you
must follow the words with the fact that.
“Due to the fact that oil prices have risen, the inflation rate has gone up by 1%25.”
“Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike, the company has been
unable to fulfill all its orders.”
Because / because of
Because of is followed by a noun.
“Because of bad weather, the football match was postponed.”
Because can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. For
example, “Because it was raining, the match was postponed.”
“We believe in incentive schemes, because we want our employees to be more
productive.”
Since / as
Since and as mean because.
“Since the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff.”
As the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff.”
TEACHER: DENNIS CONDORI ESPILCO
IESPP “ALIANZA ICHUÑA-BÉLGICA”
Because / Because of
The difference between these two words is that because is followed by a subject
+ verb, and because of is followed by a noun:

The game was canceled because of the rain.

The game was canceled because it was raining.
In spoken English, many people say ’cause as a short form of “because.”
Due to / Owing to
Due to and owing to are also followed by a noun. These words are a little more
formal.

There’s a lot of traffic today due to the upcoming holiday.
(holiday = noun)

The after-school program was canceled owing to lack of interest from the
students.
(lack = noun)
Due to the fact that / Owing to the fact that
Use these phrases before a subject + verb. Again, these phrases are a little more
formal.

Many people are still unemployed due to the fact that the economic
recovery has been slower than anticipated.

The publisher rejected the author’s latest work owing to the fact that the
manuscript was full of errors.
Since / As
Since and as are more informal, and they are followed by a subject + verb.

I’m going to bed at 10 PM since I need to get up early tomorrow morning.

I didn’t go to the gym today, as I had a lot of homework to do.
Words (or groups of words) that are followed by a clause
We can use these words at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. They are
used in front of a clause (a clause has at least a subject and a verb that agrees
with the subject). They go before the reason. If they are at the beginning of the
sentence, we put a comma in the middle to separate the clauses.
TEACHER: DENNIS CONDORI ESPILCO
IESPP “ALIANZA ICHUÑA-BÉLGICA”
Because
We cancelled the picnic because it was raining.

Because it was raining, we cancelled the picnic.
As
We cancelled the picnic as it was raining.

As it was raining, we cancelled the picnic.
Since
We cancelled the picnic since it was raining.

Since it was raining, we cancelled the picnic.
For
We can also use 'for' to mean 'because'. This is very literary and we don't really
use it in spoken English. 'For' can only go in the middle of the two clauses. We
often add a comma before it.

We cancelled the picnic, for it was raining.
Words (or groups of words) that are followed by a noun
Because of + noun
We cancelled the picnic because of the rain.

Because of the rain, we cancelled the picnic.
Due to + noun*

We cancelled the picnic due to the rain.

Due to the rain, we cancelled the picnic.
Owing to + noun

We cancelled the picnic owing to the rain.

Owing to the rain, we cancelled the picnic.
TEACHER: DENNIS CONDORI ESPILCO
IESPP “ALIANZA ICHUÑA-BÉLGICA”
Las diferentes linking words of cause
Tenemos diferentes palabras para introducir una causa o una razón por la cual
algo ocurre. Estas se pueden usar indistintamente:
LINKING WORD EXAMPLES
ASComo / ya
que
As I was late, I took a taxi.Como llegaba tarde, cogí un taxi.
SINCEComo /
ya que
You need a jacket since it's cold at night.Necesitas una
chaqueta, ya que hace frío por la noche.
SEEING
THATPuesto
que
Seeing that it's so hot, we'll take a parasol.Puesto que hace
tanto calor, cogeremos una sombrilla.
BECAUSE
OFPor / debido
a
The race was postponed because of the rain.La carrera fue
pospuesta debido a la lluvia.
DUE TOPor /
Debido a
Public transport is often late due to heavy traffic.El transporte
público suele llegar tarde debido al intenso tráfico.
OWING TOPor
/ debido a
Several airports are closed owing to fog.Muchos aeropuertos
están cerrados por la niebla.
Dar una razón
Las siguientes palabras se utilizan para presentar una razón o una causa.
Because
Es la palabra usada más frecuentemente para dar razón o causa. Se traduce
como “porque”. Puede utilizarse al principio o en el medio de una oración, aunque
es más frecuente en el medio. Si va a ir seguida de un sustantivo, tenemos que
utilizar “of”.
Ejemplo:
TEACHER: DENNIS CONDORI ESPILCO
IESPP “ALIANZA ICHUÑA-BÉLGICA”
Learning English is important because it is an international language.(Aprender
inglés es importante porque es un idioma internacional.)
Since
Se usa de la misma manera que “because”. Se traduce como “ya que”.
Ejemplo:
Since it is an international language, learning English is important.(Ya que es
un idioma internacional, aprender inglés es importante.)
As
Se usa de la misma manera que “because”. Se traduce como “como”.
Ejemplo:
As it is an international language, learning English is important.(Como es un
idioma internacional, aprender inglés es importante.)
Due to
Esta palabra debe ir seguida de un sustantivo. Si va a ir seguida de una cláusula,
debemos usar due to the fact that. Se traduce como “debido a”.
Ejemplo:
Learning English is important due to the fact that it is an international
language.(Aprender inglés es importante debido a que es un idioma
internacional.)
Owing to
Las reglas del uso de esta palabra son iguales que las de “due to”.
Ejemplo:
Owing to the fact that it is an international language, learning English is
important.(Debido a que es un idioma internacional, aprender inglés es
importante.)
TEACHER: DENNIS CONDORI ESPILCO