Language is power!
语言就是力量！
英语句子重音、语
调、连读、弱读、
爆破及意群
句子重音
 Must I stick it on myself?
 Must I ‘stick it ‘on my’self?
 Must I ‘stick it on my’self?
在连贯的话语中，不可能所有的词都同样重要，
必然有些词较为关键，有些词则相对次要一些。
一般来说，关键词需要重读，这就是句子重音，
而其他词则不必重读。
Note
 名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、数
词、指示代词、疑问词和感叹词等一
般都重读。
 而冠词、介词、连词和一般性的代词
则不重读。
 ‘What ‘s the ‘matter?
 The ‘sweater is ‘beautiful.
 Your ‘book is on the ‘desk.
 He ‘started ‘counting it.
 He ‘usually ‘gets up at ‘six o’clock.
助动词、情态动词和be动词是否有句子重音？
 1. 助动词、情态动词和be动词一般没有句子重音，但在附加
句中可以重读，在简答句中则必须重读：
 He won’t do it, ‘will he?
No he ‘won’t.
 You can do it, ‘can’t you?
Yes, I ‘can.
 You were trying, ‘weren’t you?
Yes, I ‘was.
 2. 助动词、情态动词和be动词与not连成一词时要重读：
 She ‘doesn’t ‘like the ‘weather here.
 I ‘can’t ‘speak ‘French。
 They ‘aren’t ‘waiting for us.
 He ‘isn’t a tech ‘nician.
 3. be用在一般疑问句句首时，重读与否均可：
 ‘Is he a ‘worker?

Is he a ‘worker?
 比较句中的重音
 在比较句中，重音落在as或than后的代（名）词上：
 This is better than ‘that.
 John is taller than ‘Bill.
 She’s as happy as a ‘lark.
 He’s as sly as a ‘fox.
逻辑重音
 句子的重音总是要表现说话人的思想和他
所要表达的意思的重点。有时为了强调，
句子中几乎任何词都可以有句子重音，包
括一些通常没有句子重音的词，这种依说
话者意图重读的音就是逻辑重音。
 Are you ‘angry with me?
 Are you ‘angry with ‘me?
 Are ‘you ‘angry with me?
 Did you tell my ‘wife?
 Did you tell ‘my wife?
 Did ‘you tell my wife?
 We ‘heard ‘John ‘talking.
 We ‘heard John talking.
 We heard ‘John talking.
语调
 英语语调主要有降调、升调和平调三大类。
 不同的语调可以表示说话人不同的态度和不
同的隐含意思。
 英语中同一句话采用不同的语调会产生截然
不同的语意概念。如“Yes”。
 语调具有强烈的感情色彩，它使语言更富有
表现力。
 用于祈使句
 Go back to your seat! ↘
 Please do not hesitate to contact me. ↘
 用于感叹句
 What a small world! ↘
 Oh! My poor Mathilde, how you’ve changed! ↘
 用于选择疑问句中“or”之后的部分
 Do you want to ride or walk? ↘
 Would you like coffee or tea? ↘
降调
 用于陈述句
 I have already read that book. ↘
 That street is two miles long. ↘
 用于特殊疑问句
 What has happened to him? ↘
 Which direction is it to the post office? ↘
 注意：特殊疑问句有时可用升调表示请别人重复刚说过的话：
 What is your major? ↗
 Where shall we go for the holiday? ↗
 用于罗列中最后一项之前的各项
 For each incomplete sentence, there are four
choices marked A↗, B↗, C↗, and D. ↘
 We study Chinese ↗, history ↗, geography ↗, and
English. ↘
 用于陈述句，表示疑问、怀疑、未定、猜测或期待等
 Your really want to do it? ↗
 She might have gone. ↗
 I think so. ↗
 用于置于句首的状语短语或状语从句
 After dinner ↗, I read a magazine and made telephone
calls. ↘
 While you were writing letters ↗, I was reading a book. ↘
 用于并列句的第一个分句，表示句子还未说完
 My fever is gone ↗, but I still have a cough. ↘
 My major is English ↗, and I like it. ↘
 用于委婉祈使句
 Excuse me, sir ↗. Can you help me? ↗
 用于称呼语
 Mrs. Smith ↗, this is Tom Jones. ↘
升调
 用于一般疑问句
 Do you mind if I sit here? ↗
 Can you hand in your compositions today? ↗
 注意：一般疑问句有时也可用降调，表示一种不
耐烦的口气，或表示命令等。
 Are you satisfied? ↘
 Will you take off your hat, please? ↘
平调
 用于直接引语后，表示话是谁说的
 “We are going to Florida,” she said
brightly. →
 “How do you feel, boy?” I asked him.
→
3 minutes speech
连读
“连读”是在一个意群内进行的，它是在说话较快时
自然产生的一种语音连读现象。
在同一意群中，前一词以辅音音素结尾，后一词
以元音音素开头，在说话或朗读句子时，习惯上很
自然地将这两个音素合拼在一起读出来，这种语音
现象叫连读。
连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关
，同属一个意群。
1.“辅音+元音”
如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词
是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。
come out
put on
look at
take it off
beat it
drop in
bend over
keep on
an orange
read it
put it on
not at all
one of us
half an hour stand up
first of all
a cup of tea
in an hour
pick it up
take it easy
back in a minute
an hour and a half
let him in
A group of people put on their coats and went out.
2.“辅音+半元音”
i. 英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词
是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开
头，此时也要连读。
Thank~you.
ii. 音的同化也是一种连读的现象，两个词之间非
常平滑的过渡，导致一个音受临音影响而变化。
[t] [d] [s] [z]+ [j] 要发生音变。
辅音[t]与[j]相邻时，被同化为[t∫]：
[t] + [j] → [tſ ]
Nice to meet~you.
Can’t~you do it?
I’ll let~you know.
Is that~your car?
No, not~yet.
辅音[d]与[j]相邻时，被同化为
[dЗ]：
[d] + [j] → [dЗ]
Did~you get there late~again?
Would~you like~a cup~of tea？
Could~you help me, please?
辅音[s]与[j]相邻时, 被同化为
[∫]：
[s] + [j] → [ſ ]
God bless~you.
I miss~you.
辅音[z]与[j]相邻时, 被同化为[З]：
[z] + [j] → [З ]
How was~your vacation?
He says~you’re good.
3.“元音+元音”
如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这
两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。
Do~I?
You’re [juə] so~honest.
I~am Chinese.
He~is very friendly to me.
She wants to study~English.
How~and why did you come here?
She can’t carry~it.
It’ll take you three~hours to walk there.
The question is too~easy for him to answer.
4.“辅音+辅音”
爆破音/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/ 和摩擦音/f/，/v/，
/W/,其中任意2个相临时，前一个音会轻音化，即由相关的发音
器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的音。 如果这
些音在词尾，也要轻音化。
Si(t) down
contac(t) lens
Da(d) told) me
goo(d) night
The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.
The bi(g) bus from the fa(c)tory is full of people.
Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?
This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.
The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.
Note
如果前词尾辅音与后词尾辅音相同，前辅
音省略。
I was× so happy.
I have got× to go. →I have gotta go.(to轻音化为ta)
Do~you want× to dance? →do you wanna dance?
(to轻音化为na)
Note
以辅音结尾的单词 + h开头的单词，h不发
音，与前面的辅音连读。
Tell~her I miss~her.
What wil(l he) [wili]do?
Ha(s he) [zi] done~it before?
Mus(t he) [ti] go?
Can he [ni] do it?
Should he [di] ….?
Tell him to ask her….
Lea(ve him) [vim].
5.“/r/ +元音”
如果前一个词是以-r或-re结尾，后一个词是以元音
开头，这时的r 或re不但要发/r/,而且还要与后面的
元音拼起来连读。
far away
after all
there is
for ever
a pair of
our own
for example
After all, this is our own home.
There is a football under it.
There are some books on the desk.
Here is a letter for you.
Here are four eggs.
29
Note
如果一个音节的前后都有字母r，即使后面的
词以元音开头，也不能连读。
The black clouds are coming nearer and
nearer.
（nearer与and不可连读）
不可连读的情况
当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意
群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不
可连读。
Is~it a~hat or a cat?（hat与or之间不可以连读）
There~is~a good book in my desk. （book与in之间不可以连读）
Can you speak~English or French? （English与or之间不可以连读）
Shall we meet at~eight or ten tomorrow morning? （meet与 at，
eight与or之间不可以连读）
She opened the door and walked~in. （door与and之间不可以连读）
朗读下列短语，注意连读

















a block_of flats
a tin_of peas
a piece_of cake
a glass_of water
a cup_of tea
nice clear_air
an_English girl
a nice_idea
a visit to_India
an_apology
made_up_of
in_America
out_of date
wait_and see
have_a rest
Alice_in Wonderland
a mother_of three
the corner_of the street
the top_of the mountain
in_a foreign country
an_instant success
such_a short time
send_it by mail
wait_a moment
a lot_of noise
once_in_a while
a waste_of time
not_in the least
War_and Peace
Out_of Africa
Death_on the Nile
The Wizard_of Oz
time's_up
Cat_on a Hot Tin Roof
朗读下列句子，注意连读
We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.
What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?
It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day.
You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.
I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book.
I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night.
-Do you know his bi(ke) number?
-Sorry, I don’(t) know.
The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult.
He needs a lot o(f) money.
朗读下列文章，注意连读
弱读
一个英文单词如果由多个音节构成，那么其中
至少有一个音节是重音；如果，音节足够多的话
，那么可能还有次重音以及一个以上的重音。
同样的道理，一个句子由多个单词构成，那么
，其中总是有至少一个单词被强读，而相对来看
，其它的单词会被弱读。
Note
弱读的规则一般是：元音音节弱化成 [ə] 或[i] 。
如下几个单词：at, of, the, to, as, than,
and, or, his, a, an, but, been, for, her,
we, be, shall, was, them, 弱读的频率达到90
％，其中a, an, the, than极少用强式。
查字典会发现这些词都至少有两种读音，如for:
重读时[f‫כ‬:] , 弱读时 [fə]；as的强读形式是/
æz/ ，弱读形式是/əz/。
Note
 大多助动词、系动词、介词、连词
、冠词、代词，都有两种发音形式
：强读式、弱读式。
 这些单词往往都是单音节单词。
弱读与强读的区别
1）弱读形式和强读形式各自的
元音不同。
2）弱读音节中常常省略了某一
个音。
 如果一个单词被强读 ，那么这个单词中的：
 长元音会被读的很清楚，并且显得更长一些；
 双元音会被读的很饱满，并且显得很有弹性；
 落在重音上的短元音都会显得更长一些；
 重音所在的音节可能带着不同的语调（升调、降调、降
升调）……
 如果一个单词被弱读，那么这个单词中的：
 长元音会变得短一些（几乎与短元音的长度相当）；
 重音音节会变得与非重音音阶一样轻；
 很多元音都会发生变化，向/ə/靠拢；
 轻辅音/s/、/t/、/k/、/f/之后的元音/ə/可能会直接
被省略掉……
弱读的形式
1.大多数有弱读形式的单词中，元音都变成了/ ə /；
at / ət/ ; as /əz/; had / həd/；must /məst/
2．有少数几个单词的弱读形式变成了／i /；
be /i/； been /bin/； me /mi/； the /ði/
3.有时，一些常用词的弱读形式中省略了一个元音。
am /m/； has/z/； have /v/； is / z /
4. 有时，一些常用的弱读形式中省略了一个辅音。
and / ən/； have / əv/； would /əd/； her /ə:/
要在连贯说话中应用弱读形式，不是
懂得了道理就能学会的，也不是一朝
一夕就能掌握的，需要通过大量的模
仿和练习才能学好。
朗读下列句子，注意弱读
1) to /tə/ but /bət/
I want to come but I can't.
2) and /ənd/
He's rich and famous.
3) than /ðən/ /ðn/
Better than that.
He's older than she is.
4) but /bət/
She wants to sing but she can't.
5) such /sət∫/
We have problems, such as pollution.
6) some /səm/


There are some copies here.
7) any /əni/


There aren't any more.


Does he want any?


9) her /hə/
I've met her mother.


8) he /hi/
10) him /im/

Tell him I'd like to.

11) them /ðəm/ /ðm/
I haven't seen them yet.
 12) you /jə/

What do you think?
 13) your /jə/

Take your time.
 14) us /əs/

Let us think it over.
 15) that /ðət/

This is the house that Jack built.
 16) at /ət/

At least one.
 17) for /fə/

It's for you.
 18) from /frəm/

He comes from England.
 19) of /əv/

I'd love a cup of tea.
 20) to /tə/

You ought to go.
 21) an /ən/

I'd like an apple.
 22) the /ðə/ /ði/

That's the one.
 23) am /m/

I'm going now.
 24) are /ə/

Where are you going?
 25) is /z/ /s/


He's here.
My hat is here.
 26) was /wəz/

Was he there?
 27) were /wə/

We were very pleased.
 28) have /həv/, /əv/, /v/


They've left.
Have any been lost?
 29) had /həd/, /d/

They had better hurry.
 30) has /əz/

What has he done?

He has just arrived.
 31) do /du/, /də/

Do you think so?
 32) does /dəz/

When does he leave?
 33) can /kən/, /kn/

Can you hear me?
 34) could /kəd/

Could you do it now?
 35) should /∫əd/

How should I know?
 36) there /ðə/


There is nothing left.
There are not enough.
 37) shall /ʃəl, ʃl/

How shall I do like that?
 38) when /wən/

Her parents had been dead when she was a child.
 39) will /əl, l/

He will go back home tomorrow.
 40) would /wəd, əd, d/

He would be happy if he had passed the exam.
爆破
失去爆破
不完全爆破
辅音发音分类
 按发音方法可分为：
 爆破音：[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
 摩擦音：[f] [v] [ ʃ] [ʒ] [θ] [ð] [s] [z] [h]
 破擦音：[tʃ] [ʤ] [ts] [dz] [tr] [dr]
 鼻音：[m] [n] [ŋ]
 舌侧音：[l]
 卷舌音：[r]
 半元音：[w] [j]
失去爆破
 当一个爆破音后面紧跟着另一个爆破
音时，前面的爆破音不发生爆破。方
法是：对于前一个爆破音，只作发音
的姿势，刚要发出时，立即发出第二
个爆破音。这种现象叫做失去爆破。
形式
 爆破音 + 爆破音 （爆破音：/p, b, t, d,
k, g/）

what time /`wɔt taim/
goodbye /,gud`bai/
bedtime /`bedtaim/
大声朗读双爆破音失去爆破
 kept blackboard notebook Goodbye
 My 'father 'kept 'working till 'midnight.
 Please 'write the 'answer on the
'blackboard.
 'Write the 'answer in your 'notebook.
 I'd like to 'say 'goodbye to 'everyone.
 He has a 'bad 'cold to'day.
 You should 'take 'care of the 'children.
 'Glad to 'meet you.
 1. book-keeper
 2. handbag
 3. blackboard
 4. September
 5. sit down
 6. used to
 7. that time
 8. a red car
 9. He used to swim.
 10. Are you used to the food here?
 11. I had a bad cold.
 12. I bought a red handbag.
 13. Tommy is a good book-keeper.
 14. He likes to talk big.
 15. I stop to select the black car pass.
 16. I expect to join the football team.
不完全爆破

当一个爆破音后面紧跟着一个摩擦音或破擦音时
，前面的爆破音只作部分爆破。方法是：对于前
一个爆破音，作好发音的姿势，刚发出时，立即
过渡到第二个摩擦音或破擦音上去。第一个爆破
音发出的声音是非常轻微的，有时甚至听不出来
。这种现象叫做不完全爆破。
形式1
 爆破音 + 摩擦音或破擦音
（摩擦音：/f, v, ϑ, ð, s, z, ∫, ʒ,
h/）
（破擦音：/ts, dz, tr, dr, t ∫, dʒ/
）

picture /`pik t∫ ə /
big jug /`big `dʒΛ ŋ /
形式2
 爆破音 + 鼻辅音或舌边音
（鼻辅音：/m, n, ŋ/）（舌边音：/l/）

good morning /`gud `mɔ:niŋ/
big nation /`big `nei∫ən/
mad man /`mæd `mæn/
correct note /k ə`rekt `nəut/
 Advance
 Success
 Picture
 Object
 A good job
 My best friend.
 I feel it Thursday
 He has a good job.
 Tom is my best friend.
 Have you got that?
 Have you heard from Mary?
 I’m not feeling well!
 He arrived at school at nine!
不完全爆破
 鼻腔爆破
 舌边爆破
 摩擦爆破
 破擦爆破
鼻腔爆破
 爆破音[t] [d]和鼻辅音[m]与
[n] [ŋ] 相邻，爆破音形成阻
碍，发生不完全爆破，在词末
必须通过鼻腔爆破。
/tn/ written
Britain
whiteness
certain
partner
frighten
witness
at night start now what next
/dn/ hidden
burden
pardon
wooden
sadness kidney
good night
red nose bread knife
/tm/ excitement
a bit more
atmosphere
white mice
eight men
/dm/
admit
a good many
sad music
broad minded
 button, garden, midnight,
 'Good 'morning, sir.
 'Good 'night.
 a 'good 'mother
 He 'often 'comes 'home at 'midnight.
 He has al'ways been a 'good 'neighbor.
 Her 'goodness was ap'parent to
'everyone.
舌边爆破
 爆破音[t] [d] [k]后面紧跟
着的是舌侧音[l]时，这种辅
音组合在语音学里叫做舌边爆
破。
/ tl /
little
battle
settle
cattle
/ dl /
middle
muddle model
needle
bottle
 Lately, badly, madly, recently, quickly
 I have been 'very 'busy 'lately.
 I 'haven’t 'seen him 'lately.
 Have you been 'there 'lately?
 He 'slept 'badly.
 His 'foot was 'badly 'hurt.
 I’ve been 'quite 'badly off 'recently.
摩擦爆破
 爆破音后紧跟着的是摩擦音/f,
v, ϑ, ð, s, z, ∫, ʒ, h/时
，这种辅音组合在语音学里叫
做摩擦爆破。
 ad'vance
 You must 'pay in ad'vance.
 Can I 'have an 'advance on my 'salary?
 'What would your 'advice 'be in this
'case?
 'What would you 'advise me to 'do.
 'Keep that in 'mind.
破擦爆破
 爆破音后面紧跟着的是破擦音
/ts, dz, tr, dr, t ∫, dʒ/
时这种辅音组合在语音学里叫
做破擦爆破。
 Picture, Object
 I had my 'picture 'taken 'yesterday.
 Do you know 'how do you 'draw a
'picture?
 You 'shouldn’t 'treat women like
'objects.
 He 'stood up and 'objected in 'strong
'language.
朗读下列句子，注意爆破
pp: ripe pear
pb: soap bubble
pt: cup tie 英国足球淘汰赛
pd: deep down
pk: pipe cleaner烟斗杆子
pg: lamp glass
bp: rob Peter
bb: rub briskly
bt: obtain
bd: cab driver
bk: Bob came
bg: describe Green
tp: wet paint
tb: pocketbook
tt:fast train
td: great deal
tk: not clean
tg: white goose
db: card board
dt:good time
dd: field day
dk: red card
dg: good girl
kp: silk purse
kb: ink bottle
kt: actor
kd: public duty
kk: black cat
kg: park gate
gp: flag pole
gb: dog biscuit
kg: park gate
gp: flag pole
gb: dog biscuit
gt: rag time
gd: dig down
gk: eggcup
gg: big girl
句子意群
 句子意群是指句子中按意思和语
法结构划分出的各个成分，每一
个成分即称为一个意群。
 意群可以用“l”符号表示。
Note

在说话和朗读时，意群的作用是：如果感
到句子很长，一口气说不下来，可以在意群和
意群之间有一个很短的停顿（换气）。正确的
停顿应该在意群和意群之间。同一个意群内不
应停顿。

意群之间的停顿不是固定的，而是灵活的
。可以按照个人的需要，可停顿也可不停顿，
可多停顿也可少停顿。
Note
 意群是根据语义、语法和语调来划分的。
 从语义和语法上讲，意群必须是表达某种意
义的一个（组）词、一个短语、一个分句、
一个主句或者从句。
 从语调上说，意群必须是可以用降调、声调
或平调来朗读的一个语调单位。
 Before 1949, I used to live in Hong Kong and worked as a
teacher.
三个意义单位，三个语法单位，三个语调单位。
E.g.
 By the time he arrived / he was completely
exhausted.
 When I leave Beijing / I will leave/ with very
fond memories / of the city and it's people /
and with an increased knowledge of China.
 Reading aloud / is very important / for beginners.
 Early to bed / and early to rise / makes a man /
healthy, happy, and wise.
 Jane, / who’s a brilliant swimmer, / represented
Britain / at the Olympic Games.
 After he took his bath, / he dressed in a hurry, /
ran to catch the bus, / and got to his
appointment / before it was too late.
Exercises
 Animal Instincts

George is a young man. He does not have a wife, but
he has a very big dog — and he has a very small car
too. He likes playing tennis. Last Monday he played
tennis for an hour at his club, and then he ran out and
jumped into a car. His dog came after him, but it did not
jump into the same car; it jumped into the next one.

"Come here, silly dog!" George shouted at it but the
dog stayed/ in the other car.

George put his key into the lock of the car, but the
key did not turn. Then he looked at the car again. It was
not his! He was in the wrong car! And the dog was in
the right one! "He's sitting and laughing at me!" George
said angrily. But then he smiled/ and got into his car
with the dog.
Animal Instincts

George is a young man. He does not have a wife, / but
he has a very big dog /— and he has a very small car too.
He likes playing tennis. Last Monday / he played tennis /
for an hour / at his club, and then he ran out / and
jumped into a car. His dog came after him, / but it did not
jump into the same car; / it jumped into the next one.

"Come here, / silly dog!“ / George shouted at it / but
the dog stayed / in the other car.

George put his key / into the lock of the car, / but the
key did not turn. Then he looked at the car again. It was
not his! He was in the wrong car! And the dog / was in
the right one! "He's sitting / and laughing at me!" George
said angrily. But then / he smiled / and got into his car /
with the dog.