PROPERTIES OF MATTER
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2/11/2020
Matter has multiple properties and is essential to know at least some of them, as the knowledge of several
distinct properties will allow you to prosper with plenty tasks. Numerous of these properties, people learn
naturally with experience throughout their youth and adulthood. For example, a kid will learn that pans
are hot after heat is applied to them, or that objects such as, wood, metal, glass, and more are strong, so
you do not ram your head against them with full force. Just because we know not to ram our heads against
walls, it does not explain why walls and other strong materials are strong. Having limited knowledge on
the properties is not the worst, but having that extra knowledge will give you an advantage over people
that do not know.
Toughness
Toughness is a property that is often mixed up with two other properties, hardness and strength. It is
superior to use the three properties as they were intended to avoid confusion.
Toughness is the ability to deform before breaking. The tougher the material is, the more the material is
able to be deformed till the material breaks. Toughness is a crucial when making cars. Cars are made of
specific metals that would deform. When a car bumps into an object, instead of the metals shattering,
they deform. If a car collides with an object, the metals deform and absorb some of the force. Toughness
is also used in knives. After a lot of use a knife becomes blunt. The knife deforms, but doesn’t shatter or
break. If knives weren’t tough, they would break easily. Once deformed, many metals will stay deformed.
So, if someone mistakenly bumps into a pole with their car. There’ll be a permanent dent unless the dent
is fixed or changed. Without tough materials many objects or contraptions wouldn’t be possible or would
be inefficient.
Density
Density is the amount of mass in a specific volume. The more mass, the denser the matter is. There are
multiple ways to measure density, but the most reliable way is using a machine specifically created for
measuring density. Denser matter is packed with more atoms than less dense matter. Denser matter tends
to be heavier. Temperature also affects the density of matter. Hotter matter’s atoms move more rapidly.
The atoms take more space when hotter. This means hotter matter is less dense. This does not apply to
water which is less dense when cold and denser when warm.
Density is important. Density is used when creating ships. The ship must be less dense than the water or
liquid it floats on. Although metal is denser than water, the ship is also filled with air which makes the ship
less dense. It is challenging when creating a new boat because you can not miscalculate the density of the
ship, or else it will probably sink. Density not only helps us while making ships. Density is useful even in
the small things. Like tiny marshmallows that goes into hot chocolate. Imagine the marshmallows just sink
to the bottom of the drink. That would not be pleasing.
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal conductivity is the ability to transfer heat. Metals are great conductors because they heat up
easily and most of the metal heats up. When the matter is bad at conducting heat, it’s called an insulator.
A lot of liquids and gasses are insulators, and a lot of solids are insulators as well. Conductors also work
for coldness. If it’s cold, the metal will seem colder than wood, if touched. It’s because the metal transfers
the coldness quicker than the wood.
Conductors are used in kettles. Most of the time, there is a thick metal wire under the kettle that heats
up. The hot metal wire then transfers the heat to the water. Even though metals are great at conducting,
when it’s winter, the metal streetlamps are freezing. Some metal lamps are not well built because the
heat from the lightbulb heats up the metals. If you are not careful you will burn yourself. Conductors help
us in many ways for example, hot water heats up radiators which are made of metal. The heated metal
then heats up the air and the room.
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