TECHNOLOGY & LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
Field of Specialization – 150 Items
Major in TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
FINAL COACHING
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Detach one (1) answer sheet from the bottom of your Examinee ID/Answer
Sheet Set.
2. Write the Subject title “TECHNOLOGY & LIVEHOOD EDUCATION” on the
box provided.
3. Shade Set Box “A” on your answer sheer if your test booklet is Set A; Set Box
“B” if your test booklet is Set B.
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. Republic Act (RA) No. 11037
A. Masaganang Pagkain para sa Batang Pilipino Act
B. The Magna Carta for the Poor
C. Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act
D. Professional Regulatory Board of Food Technology
2. Which is an advantage of the proper use of tools and equipment?
A. Accuracy in job/task performance is achieved.
B. Shop efficiency is promoted.
C. There is high quality of work.
D. All of the above.
3. Which is the best way to keep the tools in perfect condition?
A. Keep them immediately without cleaning.
B. Clean them while they are in the tool cabinet.
C. Clean them before storage.
D. Place them in a bucket of water.
4. What will happen if mortar is not cleaned?
A. The mortar will build up and harden.
B. The mortar will build up but can be removed too easily.
C. The tools cannot anymore be used.
D. Just ignore it for it won’t matter anyway.
5. Most handheld masonry tools can be cleaned by___
A. Kerosene
B. clean water
C. Oil
D. Cleaning agent provided by the manufacturer
6. When do we use a muriatic acid in masonry?
A. To harden up mortar.
B. To remove hardened mortar on the tools.
C. To get rid off of harmful elements from the mortar.
D. To wash off the masonry materials.
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7. What is used as preventive maintenance for wooden tools?
A. Water
C. Kerosene
B. Linseed oil
D. muriatic acid
8. Why do we have to check frequently the hammers for signs of chipping,
cracking or unusual signs of defects?
A. To assure that there are no missing tools.
B. To ensure that they are well classified.
C. To ensure that they are in good condition.
D. To maintain their cost value.
9. What is the best way to prevent tools from rusting?
A. Wipe the tools with oil.
B. Keep the tools in an air conditioned room.
C. Keep them in their boxes always.
D. Keep the tools clean and dry before and while in the storage.
10. It is a method of identifying non-functional tools.
A. Visual inspection
C. Functionality
B. Performance
D. All of the above
11. TRAIN Act. means
A. Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion
B. Tax Reform for Accreditation and Inclusive
C. Tax Reformal for Accelerating and Inclusion
D. Tax Reform for Accession and Inclusive
12. It refers to preparing foodstuffs which generally requires the selection,
measurement, and combining of ingredients in an ordered procedure to achieve a
desired result.
A. Food preparation
C. Cooking skills
B. General food concept
D. Culinary art
13. Alexandra challenged her friends that one special vitamin would not be
affected when she boils milk. Which vitamin is it?
A. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin B
D. None of the mentioned
14. In a series–parallel circuit consisting of R1 and R2 in series and connected in
parallel with R3, if R1 opens, then R2's voltage will:
A. increase
C. decrease
B. remain the same
D. cannot tell
15. Republic Act (RA) No. 11291
A. The Magna Carta for the Poor
B. Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion
C. Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act
D. Professional Regulatory Board of Food Technology
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16. How many types of tools and equipment are there in masonry?
a. 2
b. 5
c. 3
d. 4
17. It is the oldest plumbing material used by ancient Egyptians, Greek Romans;
builders other as soil and waste pipe.
A. Lead Pipe
C. Blue Pipe
B. Lead Pipe
D. Copper Pipe
18. Its quality is better than the steel pipe more resistant to acid waste than the
steel pipe.
A. Clay Pipe
C. Copper Pipe
B. Lead Pipe
D. Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe
19. Highly resistant to most acid wastes and a durable material for underground
installations.
A. Blue Pipe
C. Orange Pipe
B. Clay Pipe
D. Black Pipe
20. Republic Act (RA) No. 11052
A. The Magna Carta for the Poor
B. Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion
C. Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act
D. Professional Regulatory Board of Food Technology
21. A tool that is used to push back or loosen the cuticles.
A. Cuticle remover
C. Nail File
B. Cuticle nail pusher
D. Emery board
22. An implement that is used to shape the free edges of the nail with the coarse
side and bevel the nail with the finer side.
A. Nail Cutter
C. Nail File
B. Nail Trimmer
D. Nail Buffer
23. The equipment which is used to sanitize or kill bacteria or micro-organisms in
metal implements.
A. Hand Spa Machine
C. Buffer
B. Solvent
D. Sterilizer
24. The implement with pointed and rounded ends to remove excess polish.
A. Orangewood Stick
B. Nail File
C. Nail Buffer
D. Emery board
25. The electronic gadget which is used to soothe pain of arthritis, muscle
spasms and dry skin of the hands.
A. Sterilizer
B. Foot Spa Machine
C. Hand Spa Machine
D. Manicure Table
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26. It is used to: smooth out ridges on the nails, give nails a healthy shine and
remove any surface stain.
A. Sterilizer
C. Buffer
B. Nail file
D. Orangewood stick
27. A type of volcanic rock used to remove callouses.
A. Foot spa basin
C. Foot spa tray
B. Pumice stone
D. Cotton
28. It is a wheeled cart that is pushed by hand and used for transporting
manicuring and pedicuring tools and materials.
A. Trolley
C. Supply tray
B. Manicure tray
D. Foot file
29. It is an organic compound used as sanitizer in nail salons.
a. Base coat
b. Top coat
c. Alcohol
d. Cuticle solvent
30. Find the interest on 2,100php for 3 years at 5%.
A. P230.00
B. P315.00
C. P420.00
D. P500.00
31. One of the traditional materials used is made of clay, cast into length of 75
centimeters and treated with glazing compound used for sewer lines.
A. Lead Pipe
B. Asbestos Pipe
C. Vitrified Clay Pipe
D. Copper Pipe
32. The reciprocal of resistance is:
A. voltage
B. current
C. conductance
D. coulombs
33. Which of these is not an electrical quantity?
A. charge
B. time
C. power
D. current
34. Made of mild steel soaked in a die and 6.00 meters long pipe is corroded by
alkaline and acid water.
A. Galvanized Steel Pipe
B. Asbestos Pipe
C. Clay Pipe
D. Copper Pipe
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35. An electric heater draws 10 A from a 120-V line. The resistance of the heater
is:
A. 1200 ohms
C. 12 ohms
B. 120 ohms
D. 1.2 ohms
36. It is an expensive type of pipe make of an alloy of zinc and copper mixed at
15% and 85% proportions respectively.
A. Orange Pipe
C. Brass Pipe
B. Black Pipe
D. Blue Pipe
37. It is a Durable corrosive-resistant material, easily installed compared other
types of pipe.
A. Plastic Synthetic Pipe
B. Copper Pipe
C. Clay Pipe
D. Lead Pipe
38. Has gained widespread acceptance after it has been proven to be a superior
sewer and cold-water pipe line.
A. Plastic or Synthetic Pipe
B. Asbestos Pipe
C. Lead Pipe
D. Clay Pipe
39. The proportioned fresh mixture of cement, sand, gravel, and water that can
be moulded to any desired shape.
A. Welded
C. Knot
B. Brazed
D. Concrete
40. The material used for concreting mixed with water, acts as the bonding
material for the aggregates.
A. Epoxy
C. Cement
B. Rugby
D. Solvent
41. The person who bought quality of foods at a reasonable price
A. manager
C. seller
B. purchaser
D. supervisor
42. The following are perishable goods except one:
A. cereals
C. meat
B. fruits
D. poultry
43. These are food supplies which are ordered and delivered on a contractual
basis?
A. contract items
C. non - perishable
B. perishable
D. staple food
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44. One who works in food business that handles food properly following good
hygiene practices?
A. cook
C. seller
B. food handler
D. supervisor
45. A guide in cooking that tells exactly how food will be prepared
A. dish
C. menu
B. meal
D. recipe
46. This refers to the amount of a single portion of a final product
A. ingredients
B. recipe yield
C. serving size
D. volume of an ingredients
47. These are the food items used in the recipe.
A. ingredients
C. meal
B. dish
D. menu
48. It refers to the distinctive taste of the food.
A. color
C. palatability
B. flavour & aroma
D. texture
49. The range of room temperature where bacteria multiply rapidly
A. 5.32 to 60 degree Celsius
B. 7.22 to 60 degree Celsius
C.10 to 48.8 degree Celsius
D.15.5 to 52 degree Celsius
50. Cooking method where heat is conducted without moisture and no water is
added.
A. dry heat
B. moist heat
C. broiling and grilling
D. combination method
51. This is generated by examining what goods and services are sold outside by
the community.
A. Business Creation
B. Business Pricing
C. Business Concept
D. Business Idea
52. A process of making a new product to be sold to the customers.
A. Product Analysis
B. Product Conceptualization
C. Product Development
D. Product Implementation
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53. These are luxuries, advantages and desires that every individual considers
beyond necessary.
A. Wants
C. Requirements
B. Desires
D. Needs
54. This is the factor or consideration presented by a seller as the reason that
one product or service is different from and better than that of the competitor.
A. Unique Selling Plan
B. Unique Selling Proposition
C. Unique Pricing Policy
D. Finding Value-Added
55. At this stage, the needs of the target market are identified, reviewed and
evaluated.
A. Concept Development
B. Economic Analysis
C. Project Development
D. Refine Specification
56. This is the introduction of new idea to make the product and services more
attractive and saleable to the target customers.
A. New Idea
C. Creativity
B. Product Development
D. Innovation
57. A managerial tool used to assess the environment to gather important
information used for strategic planning.
A. Environmental Scanning
B. SWOT Analysis
C. WOTS Analysis
D. Survey Analysis
58. A marketing practice of creating name, symbol or designs that identifies and
differentiate a product from the other products.
A. Product Naming
B. Unique Selling Proposition
C. Branding
D. Tagline
59. This is a meaningful and unforgettable statement that captures the essence
of your brand.
A. Product Naming
B. Unique Selling Proposition
C. Branding
D. Tagline
60. These are the things that people cannot live without.
A. Wants
C. Requirement
B. Desires
D. Needs
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61. Capacitance is measured in:
A. coulombs
B. henrys
C. joules
D. farads
62. In an electric circuit, the dual of resistance is:
A. conductance
C. inductance
B. capacitance
D. open circuit
63. As onion crop matures, the amount of irrigation should be decreased gradually.
Prolonged water supply within 2-3 weeks before harvest will produce immature
bulbs with;
A. Rotting leaves
C. More root hairs
B. Thick neck
D. Thicker bulb
64. Rhizobia convert nitrogen to nitrates contributing to soil fertility. It is present
in the roots of:
A. Vine crops
C. Root vegetables
B. Crucifiers
D. Legumes
65. Bothriocephalus gowkongensis is a tapeworms which often attacks:
A. Tilapia
C. Hito
B. Grass carp
D. Bangus
66. Which of the following tools is the first one to use in cleaning nails?
A. Buffer
C. Cuticle nippers’
B. Cuticle knife
D. Cuticle scissor
67. A busted bulb is most likely result of a/an.
A. Short circuit
C. Grounded circuit
B. Open circuit
D. Parallel circuit
68. It refers to as the tile of a person who is skilled in the field of sanitation
A. Plumbing
C. Plumber
B. Engineer
D. Doctor
69. Mortise and tenon joints are usually used in making furniture, door window,
and tools. If mortise means “holes”, tenon means
A. cut
B. notch
C. overlap
D. projection
70. This wood machine is used for broad surface planning and matching board or
planks.
A. Jig saw
C. Jointer
B. Single surface
D. Wood lathe
71. Household’s pests do not thrive in a clean place. Which of the following
practices is LEAST effective in eradicating household’s pests?
A. Elimination of accumulations of organic refuse.
B. Daily us.e of insect repellants.
C. Elimination of stagnant water or proper treatment of these
D. Adequately designed and supervised local sewage disposal plants.
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72. Expenses that are unexpected are _______.
A. Flexible
C. Miscellaneous
B. allowance
D. fixed
73. The process of breaking down complex food substance into unstable form is
______.
A. Respiration
C. Digestion
B. reproduction
D. circulation
74. Vegetarians are usually deficient in one of the following vitamins:
A. Cobalamin
C. Iron
B. Vitamin C
D. centrum
75. This refers to the monthly income required to satisfy the nutritional
requirement of a family with six members.
A. Food budget
C. Food threshold
B. Food intake
D. Food consumption
76. Accessories enhance or add beauty to give a given space. Listed below are the
decorative objects EXCEPT one.
A. Table lamps
C. Graphic arts
B. wood crafts
D. metal works
77. A finished opening in garment designed to give ease in wearing dresses is called
A. Dout
C. Pleat
B. placket
D. gusse
78. What is the best training ground to develop skills in decision-making?
A. Home
C. School
B. Church
D. Society
79. Which technique is best used when measuring shortening?
A. Scoop cup in shortening, then level with spatula
B. Tap cup with spoon, while filling, then level with spatula
C. Fill cup loosely with shortening, then level with spatula
D. Press shortening with cup, then level with spatula
80. Which emphasizes prevention rather than correction of delays?
A. Controlling
C. Directing
B. Evaluating
D. Planning
81. Who introduced the concept of providing ALU in the computer system?
A. Joseph Marie Jacquard
B. John Von Newman
C. Charles Babbage
D. Herman Hollerith
82. Which as the raw material to be processed by the computer?
A. Information
C. Data
B. Graphics
D. Objects
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83. What is meant to put information into the computer?
A. Launch
C. File
B. Install
D. Input
84. Which allows it use to upload and download files from other computers for
the net?
A. Usenet
C. Search engine
B. Telnet
D. File transfer protocol
85. Which of the following makes a window as small as it can get?
A. Maximize
C. Save
B. Restore
D. Minimize
86. For Crash Dumps to be obtained, a page file must exist on the ________.
A. Boot partition
C. NTFS partition
B. data partition
D. System partition
87. Which is to get the information saved before and to use it with a program at
a later time?
A. File
C. Install
B. Shutdown
D. Load
88. What joint is commonly used in making screens, chairs and stretchers?
A. Miter joint
C. Lap joint
B. Cross joint
D. Rabbet joint
89. Which of these finishing materials would give a transparent sheen to a wood
surface?
A. Oil
C. Abrasives
B. Varnish
D. Shellac
90. What must an auto mechanic first do before undertaking any repair?
A. Prepare his tools
B. Listen to the customer’s complaint
C. Identify the problem
D. Disassemble the parts
91. When a designer or an ordinary person translates his or her design idea with
the use only of paper and pencil, what is the name of the activity?
A. architectural delineation
B. freehand sketching
C. geometric construction
D. drafting
92. After the 2-dimensional drawings are done and all the shapes and sizes being
laid-out next step to be executed to complete the process is called ____________.
A. dimensioning
B. tolerancing
C. graphics
D. shape and size description
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93. With the help of drawing instruments such as T-square and triangles one
produces quick and accurate delineations for an intended project. The process is
considered as ________
A. drafting
B. pictorial drawing
C. graphics
D. shape and size descriptions
94. Technical drafting the manipulation of the elements of geometry to make
accurate description of shapes. Which term is referred to by engineers?
A. blueprint reading
B. Geometric construction
C. line weights
D. measurements
95. Objects to be drawn are not always solid in nature and if we want to explain
complex objects to the reader of our blueprints we need an imaginary cut through
a component (part) or an assembly drawing to portray exactly what is inside. This
element is called _______.
A. sectioning
B. parallel perspective
C. etching
D. dimensioning
96. Which of these are positioned to limit letter g aside from the waist line?
A. cap line
C. drop line
C. waist line
D. Base line
97. Of the many styles of letters, the most commonly used are script or italics,
Gothic, Old English and Roman. Which of them is most commonly used for college
diploma?
A. Roman
B. Script or Italics
C. Old English
D. Gothic
98. Extended letters of a given height are more legible while compressed letters
are used when _____.
A. space is limited
B. space is wide
C. space is limitless
D. space is narrow
99. What type of hair cutting is done when one holds the shears at an angle to the
hair stranded other than 90 degrees?
A. blunt cut
B. graduated cut
C. bevelled cut
D. undercutting
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100. Which of the following safety measures in hair cutting is NOT true?
A. Always palm the shears when combining the hair
B. When cutting bangs or any area close to the skin
C. Beginners should always use a guard when razor cutting
D. Cut past the second knuckle when cutting on the inside of the hand
101. Which is an art of arranging the hair with attractive shapes and styles?
A. Hairstyling
B. Hair trimming
C. Curling
D. waving
102. Which is the technical term for nail?
A. onyx
B. onychosis
C. onychology
D. keratin
103. Which refer to hand-held tools used in manicure which are durable and must
be sanitized after use with each client?
A. cosmetics
B. equipment
C. materials
D. implements
104. Which of the term refers to a light, continuous stroking movement applied
with finger and palms in a slow and rhythmic manner?
A. friction
B. vibration
C. petrissage
D. effleurage
105. It is not good to apply massage when a person has ____________________.
A. high blood pressure and heart condition
B. mayoma and diabetic
C. deliver a baby
D. cancer
106. Cutting the hair for a graduated effect is called _________.
A. tapered haircutting
B. wedge haircutting
C. sectioning
D. barbering
107. Which of the following is an art of creating curls is called ____________.
A. Hairstyling
B. Thermal styling
C. Hair setting
D. Traditional finger waving
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108. Which is done to increase the circulation of the blood to scalp, rest and soothe
the nerves, stimulate the muscles and the activity of the activity of the scalp
glands?
A. shampooing
B. Hair treatment
C. scalp manipulation
D. Rebonding
109. Which is the correct way to remove tangles from the hair before hair styling.
A. crown
B. Forehead
C. Nape of the neck
D. Back of the head
110. Which technique is commonly used around the world as a graphic method of
representing a-3 dimensional object and intended to combine the illusion of depth,
with the undistorted presentation of the object principal dimensions?
A. cavalier oblique
B. Isometric drawing
C. Cabinet oblique
D. General oblique
111. When an observer stands in the middle of a street, the end of the street seems
to narrow as far as his eyes can see. Then he tries to draw the building as it’s
appears on his visual observations. This process is called ______________.
A. perspective drawing
B. isometric drawing
C. diametric drawing
D. cabinet drawing
112. What type of switch when you want to control one lamp or group of lamps in
two different locations?
A. Two, 3-way switch
B. One, 4-way switch
C. Two, single switch
D. Duplex switch
113. The resistors are to be connected in four possible types of circuit connections
namely series, parallel, series parallel and parallel-series. Which type of connection
will give the least amount of equivalent resistance?
A. series
C. parallel
B. series-parallel
D. parallel
114. When there is a break in the circuit and the current could not pass through
the circuit is ________.
A. Closed
C. shorted
B. grounded
D. alternator
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115. Which term usually refers to a device that produces an electric current when
light falls upon them?
A. solar cell
C. dry cell
B. solar lamp
D. solar light
116. Which is a synchronous alternating-current machine that changes mechanical
power into electrical power?
A. dynamo
C. Motor
B. Alternator
D. Lathe machine
117. Which battery CANNOT be recharge after its chemical energy has been
depleted?
A. Energizer
C. Eveready
B. Primary battery
D. Secondary battery
118. Which is a solar collector that is capable of producing voltage when exposed
to radiant energy (sunlight)?
A. photoelectric
B. Photovoltaic system
C. Photoemission system
D. Solar light
119. Energy derived or extracted from the internal heat of earth is called
______ energy.
A. volcanic
B. geothermal
C. thermal
D. chemical
120. Which refers to the extraction of electrons form a substance by sunlight in
incident electromagnetic radiation?
A. Photoelectric effect
C. Photovoltaic effect
B. Photoemission
D. Electron microscopy
121. If 18 resistance, each of a value of 36 ohms, are connected in parallel, then
the total resistance is _____.
A. 36 ohms
C. 2 ohms
B. 648 ohms
D. 54 ohms
122. Which box with a blank cover for joining runs of conduits and providing space
for connection and branching of enclosed conductors?
A. Blank box
C. Junction box
B. Terminal box
D. Pull box
123. The resistance of a 230v incandescent lamp is 300 ohms. What current is
required to operate the lamp?
A. 0.85 A
C. 0.77 A
B. 1.30 A
D. 7.74 A
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124. Which terms refers so that switch or outlet body that is embedded or hidden
in the wall?
A. Surface type
C. Flush type
B. Concealed type
D. Open type
125. When the entire switch or outlet body is visible and extends beyond the wall
surface, the device is said to be _________.
A. wall type
C. surface type
B. flush type
D. open type
126. Which term is used when two conductors are imbedded in one solid mass of
rubber insulation?
A. two in one
C. Duplex
B. Stranded
D. Duplex
127. What type of sockets is used for outdoor or wet location wiring installation?
A. Water proof socket
B. special purpose
C. weatherproof socket
D. Outdoor socket
128. What is the smaller size of wire permitted by the code to be used in wiring
installation?
A. 2.0mm
C. 3.5mm
C. 2.0mm
D. 1.25mm
129. If a drawing is general made without the aid of drawing instruments and
straight edges, then it is classified as __________.
A. Freehand drawing
C. Isometric drawing
B. Orthographic drawing
D. axonometric drawing
130. One of the following is used for the fine cutting and for making delicate wood
joint.
A. Back saw
C. Keyhole saw
B. Compass saw
D. turning saw
131. A nail is an essential material in putting in place piece of wood. To drive or
pull a nail the right tool for job is __________.
A. Ball peen hammer
C. Cross peen hammer
B. Claw hammer
D. Mallet
132. It comes in a metal or plastic case, with a cotton line coming out of one end
and is used in drawing a straight line.
A. Brushes
C. Jointers
B. Steel square
D. Chalk line
133. The financial record that tells you how much your business worth is that
_________.
A. Cash flow report
C. Income statement
B. Cash report
D. Balance statement
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134. The process of hardening of concrete,
A. Curing
C. Setting
B. Hardening
D. Molding
135. Bricks are laid where its longer side is exposed to view. The arrangement is
called:
A. Header
C. Stretcher
B. Bond
D. Mortar
136. Concrete is said to be workable if it can be molded or deformed without
segregation. This characteristics is known as
A. Consistency
B. Mobility
C. Workability
D. Plasticity
137. What class of concrete mixture is consisting of 1 bag of cement, 2 cu ft. Of
sand & 4 cu ft. of gravel or 1:2:4?
A. Class AA
C. Class A
B. Class B
D. Class C
138. Which of the ff. Are known as coarse aggregates in concrete mixtures?
A. Sand
C. Soil
B. Gravel
D. Stones
139. The nail is composed mainly of
A. melanin
C. keratin
B. collagen
D. sebum
140. What is the proper term for the dividing the hair into smaller more workable
piece for the purpose of control?
A. Bunching
C. Splitting
B. Sectioning
D. Texturizing
141. Saw most frequently used in hands working are the handsaws like crosscuts
ripsaw and backsaw. If you want to cut a board what handsaw is appropriate for
the job?
A. Backsaw
C. Ripsaw
B. Cross-cut saw
D. Keyhole saw
142. The force which opposes and reduces the flow of electrical current is
recognized as:
A. Power
C. Resistance
B. Electromagnetism
D. Frequency
143. What is the scheme of undertaking two activities at the same time?
A. Dovetailing
C. Detailing
B. Sensitizing
D. Simulating
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144. When the arrow head on the electronic symbol of a semiconductor transistor
is pointing inward, the type of transistor is
A. NPN
C. PNP
B. NPNP
D. PNPN
145. Two resistors R1 and R2 rates at 4 ohms and 6 ohms respectively are
connected in parallel. What is the total resistance?
A. 36 ohms
C. 48 ohms
B. 2.1 ohms
D. 2.4 ohms
146. The law of George Simon in electricity can be as follow:
A. Voltage (e) equals amperes (I) times resistance
B. Amperes (I) equals resistance (R) times voltage
C. Resistance (R) equals voltage (e) times amperes
D. None of the option
147. You are make picture frame, which type of joint applicable
A. Lap joint
C. Dado
B. Tenon
D. Miter
148. Which of the following semiconducting device is generally used as an
indicator when an appliance is turned on or off?
A. Light emitting diodes
B. Photodiodes
C. Photo resistors
D. Small lamps
149. The major ingredient of leather is:
A. Collagen
C. Carbohydrate
B. Polymer
D. Nucleic acid
150. Glass is made of the mixture of:
A. Quartz and mica
C. Sand and silicates
B. Salt and quartz
D. Sand and salt
SPLE MIDDLE EAST
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