B5 Term Binder
Dalhousie University
School of Architecture
Winter 2019
Prepared in collaboration with:
Josée-Ann Cloutier
Wellness and Spa Service
Designer, Practitioner and
Educator
Table of Contents
I. PRACTICES AND PRECEDENTS
General Overview
II. HEAT-COOL-REST
General Overview
Methods
Detailed Description
Examples
III. PROGRAM
Rooms, Population, & Area
IV. SITE
Site Plan & Elevation
Description
Base Files Description
I. PRACTICES AND PRECEDENTS
General Overview
Introduction
The following descriptions depict some
primary cultural and historical types of
spaces where public gathering centers on
heat and moisture. Each type of space
presents unique solutions to the universal
architectural conditions of climate, culture, and technology. They also address
universal human concerns of health, purification, physical sensation, and social
behavior.
Finnish Sauna
The Finnish Sauna is a 'dry' heat environment. The room temperature is minimally 75 C and 15% humidity. This dry heat
is intensified by introducing moisture to
the room in the form of steam, thus elevating the room's apparent temperature.
Typically done by pouring water over hot
stones, a traditional method is to heat the
stones in wood-burning fires with smoke
filling the room (Smoke Sauna). This
smoke is then evacuated prior to entering. Wood stoves with chimneys are modern adaptations and today the stones are
kept hot via electric heating elements.
Cooling is paired with the intense heating sessions: traditionally a cold pond or
stream or snow banks.
Russian Banya
The Banya is a close relative of the Finnish Sauna, distinguished often by being
maintained at slightly lower temperatures (c. 60 to 80 deg C) and higher humidity (70%). So although the banya operates at a similar total temperature as the
sauna (80 to 100 deg C) the high humidity
elevate the heat and temperature significantly and can be felt intensely at times.
In both the Banya and Sauna participants
stimulate the skin's pores by lightly slapping the body with leafy bundles of twigs
(birch or oak) dipped in cold water. The
Banya is typically accompanied by a rest
room, the predbannik, with light refreshments and snacks. These contribute to
the highly social aspect of the practice.
The sauna is a common technology in Like the sauna the banya has two levels
nordic cultures, both communally and in of seating with the higher level providing
private homes.
more intense heat and cooling often in
water or snow.
Korean Jimjilbang
Korea has a tradition of bath houses associated with hot springs and charcoal kilns
(hanjeungmak). Today in Jimjilbangs
these structures are called bulgama
which is a hot dry, intense heat.
In the 1970-80’s Jimjilbangs arose as a
gathering place with many activities under one roof, including hot tubs, saunas,
herbal hot pools, cold plunges, and massage rooms. In addition the spa areas can
have a salt sauna and ice room, or cave.
Beyond the spa are snack areas, sleeping rooms, and entertainment such as
arcades. Eating and rest areas will often
have heated floors, inherited from traditional underfloor heating technologies.
They are open 24 hours and serve as a
get-away with people often spend a full
day cycling between heating, cooling, relaxing, eating, and recreation.
4
Japanese Onsen and Sento
The Japanese public bathing traditions
are differentiated between those fed by a
hot mineral spring - the onsen - and the
public bath - or sento - which is not served
by a spring and traditionally focused on
cleansing. The onsen tend to be more of a
get-away, the sento more every-day.
Native American Sweat Lodge
Linked with spiritual ceremonies the
sweat lodge is constructed of natural materials, often thin trees bent into a hut and
covered with animal skins, blankets or
bark. Heated stones have water poured
over them to create steam in the sweat
lodge. The steam is regarded as sacred
Onsen can be focused around an outdoor, and spiritual, similar to the Finnish steam
geothermal pool and include indoor called löyly.
pools or tubs and massage rooms. The Protocols over the nature of the rituals,
water on average is beteen 25 and 43 C.
the orientation of the structure, the strucSento typically include faucets for cleans- ture's construction, and clothing govern
ing and tubs for soaking in the same area. the lodge ceremonies. These ceremonies
They may also have a sauna and a cold may be conducted for healing rituals, as
a precursor to fasting, or other purposes
plunge.
related to cleansing. They may include
Typically, both onsen and sentos are are singing and prayer and be repeated over
separated by gender. Like Korean bath- several dys. Within the ritual the four elehouses, depending on size they may have ments - earth, air, fire, and water - are rectwo areas, one separated by gender and ognized. The Sweat Lodge ceremony conanother that is mixed.
tinues to be a central part of the Mi'kmaw
nation's practices in our region.
Roman Thermae and Balneum
The Thermae was a public facility for
bathing, recreation, and gathering in
major cities of Roman Antiquity. Visitors moving throughout each room as
they wished, however, there is a historically documented general sequence. The
Tepidarium (warm room, 35 C) was the
typical starting point, followed by an oil
massage, then moving to a higher heat
in the Laconium (80 C). This was followed
by a steam room (Caldarium) to sweat out
toxins and then a plunge into the Frigidarium (cold room and pool) to close the
pores and reinvigorate the body. The final
experience was resting and reading in a library or quiet room (Smith, Puczo, 2014).
Islamic Hammam
The Hammam, like the Banya, is a high
humidity thermal environment. Cooling
is provided by splashing water over the
body. Developed largely in regions formerly occupied by the Ottoman Empire it
is adapted to a hot, arid climate. They are
separated by gender and consist of paired
entry and changing halls (Camekân),
temperate zones (Soğukluk), and steam
rooms (Hararet).
The Hammam is a historical descendant
of the Thermae. However, significant
changes were developed to adapt to religious, cultural, and climatic demands.
The hammam ranges in character from
more modest public buildings to elaboThe Thermae introduced significant tech- rate palatial buildings. In most cases
nical innovations including hypocaust even when the exterior is modest the inteheating, elaborate plumbing, and long- riors are elaborately decorated. In Victospan masonry constuction. The Small rian Britain the term Turkish Bath was asBath was a less-elaborate public bath cribed to spaces which are actually closer
found in villages or palaces.
in relation to the Finnish Sauna.
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II. HEAT-COOL-REST
General Overview
HEAT
RINSE
COOL
REST & REHYDRATE
‘Heat-Cool-Rest’ refers to the general sequence of therapeutic heating
and cooling. Also called contrast immersion, hyperthermic, hypothermic conditioning, and thermotherapy this follows a cycle of heating,
cooling and relaxing the body in 3 to 4 cycles generally.
Thermic bathing is the umbrella term which includes various heating
and cooling methods that mostly include (water) hydrotherapy. The
methods and sequencing vary culturally, socially, environmentally
drawing from both historical and modern approaches common to
public bathhouses, thermal spas, and hot springs.
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CYCLE TIME
REST
CO
O
HEAT
L
RINSE
The heating, cooling and resting sequence presented is offered to gain optimal results that will be both enjoyable
and healthful. The purpose is to warm
and cool the body incrementally increasing the intensity in temperature or time
or both, eventually leading to a peak
crescendo where the gap of contrast widens between each cycle. Maintaining the
same temperatures throughout the cy-
cles is fine to do, especially when begin- from age, experience, background, and
ning this type of practice, or under certain health. It is important to check in with
health conditions.
one’s body, feelings and sensations fairly
It is best for everyone regardless whether consistently. It is a heightened exercise in
one is beginning or experienced to start body awareness. Any dizziness is a sign of
the beginning of a session mildly. Begin- pushing it too far. Sweating and length of
ners are recommended to have sessions time spent heating and cooling is not a
guided by practitioners who are trained in competition nor a sign of being better or
this field. The timing and intensity of tem- more tough.
peratures will vary based on many factors
8
MEDIUM CYCLE
BEGIN AND END WITH A MILD CYCLE
1.
Warm the body in dryer heat until
first sweat is felt (10-20 minutes).
(rinse off sweat on the body before
entering pools)
2.
Cool down outdoors with the air,
wind, or dip lower body and arms in
cool water, or take a light shower.
3.
Rest until the heart rate normalizes.
1.
Heat the body in either higher temperature or increased time or both.
(10-20 minutes).
2.
Cool down in either colder temperature or increase time or both with a
cold plunge, bucket shower, ice. (10
seconds - 3 minutes)
3.
INTENSE CYCLE
1.
Heat the body until there is slight discomfort.
2.
Cool down with some discomfort
(shock).
3.
Rest until the heart rate normalizes.
Rest until the heart rate normalizes.
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Detailed Description
Gentle Warming and Cooling
Mild Cycle
Heat the body in any heated space (sauna, banya, steam room) until the body
starts to sweat again. Flushing of the skin
is a good guideline and indicator. Heat
Cool gently by stepping outside if the air and humidity is increased by adding wais cool, or by applying cold water to the ter to the stones. Ensure everyone is on
extremities such as the feet, lower legs, board with adding more water as a basic
and arms. If more cooling is desired at sauna etiquette.
this stage, a light quick cool shower could Cooling can be gradual or quick. Dip in a
cold plunge, under a bucket dunk, rub on
be refreshing.
Reset the body temperature back to nor- ice, or refresh under a cold shower anywhere from 10 seconds to one minute.
mal and hydrate for 5-10 minutes.
Start by gently warming in a heated drier space at a lower temperature, not in
a tub or pool, allowing a sweat to break
through.
Relax by lying down, lounging, sitting,
walking, chatting, stretching, bringing the
body temperature back down to normal
which takes anywhere from 5-15 minutes.
Perhaps taking in a body treatment.
Medium and Intense Cycles
slowing down. Soak in temperate waters,
Increase the intensity by widening the and rinse off before returning to heated
gap of contrast even more between the space, to remove chlorine and chemicals
heating and cooling experience. Heat up in the water.
by staying in longer in a heated space at If doing more than 3-4 cycles, it is good to
a higher tempera- ture or by increasing rest, hydrate, and elongate the rest perithe heat more often by adding water to od with a light meal or snack, body treatthe hot stones, or soak in a hot pool. It’s ments, nap, walk, or enjoy soaking in the
better to soak in tubs and pools closer to waters.
the end of cycling, especially where there
are high levels of chlorine in the water to
avoid breathing and soaking it in heated
spaces.
Increasing the cold shock and intensity
becomes easier the hotter one gets, and
feels more exhilarating overall. It is easier
and perhaps more interesting with a variety of cold options available on hand.
Relax again by bringing the temperature
back down to normal with the heartbeat
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Examples
The examples here are a typological
survey of the heat-cool-rest sequence.
Building off of this basic organization
they highlight the actual location of heating, cooling, and resting areas in built
examples across times and cultures.
Through this comparison both common
principles and unique adaptations can
be discerned. This is intended to provide
examples of design strategies, scale and
proportion, social performance, associated programs, and the role generally of
these structures in their culture and time.
Some common principles are:
1. Clear 'Wet-Dry' division
2. Heating, Cooling, Changing
3. Varying scale of space
Some adaptations to note are:
1. Use of outdoor space for cooling
2. Linear v non-hierarchal organization
3. Auxillary' program
4. External v Internal orientation (view
out v no views out)
5. Lavishness v Simplicity of materials
WA Sauna, goCstudio
11
SIMPLE ORGANIZATIONS
HEAT
RINSE
COOL
REST & REHYDRATE
HEAT-COOL-REST
12
WOOD
PILE
CHANGING
REST
SAUNA
OUTDOORS
HEAT
COOL
REST
FINNISH SAUNA
CHANGING
'MECHANICAL'
13
CONTEMPORARY
HEAT
SAUNA IN RANCO, PANORAMA ARQUITECTOS
COOL
REST
CHANGING
'MECHANICAL'
14
HEAT
COOL
REST
ONE MAN SAUNA, MODULORBEAT
CHANGING
'MECHANICAL'
HEAT
COOL
REST
WA SAUNA, GOCSTUDIO
CHANGING
'MECHANICAL'
16
COMPLEX ORGANIZATIONS
HEAT
COOL
REST
ROW TYPE ROMAN BATH, FROM KRENCKER
RING TYPE ROMAN BATH, FROM KRENCKER
CHANGING
'MECHANICAL'
17
L = LACONICUM (Sweat Room)
C = CALDARIUM (Hot Plunge)
F = FRIGIDARIUM (Cold Plunge)
T = TEPIDARIUM (Temperate)
A = APODYTERIUM (Changing)
P/Pa = PALAESTRA (Exercise/Wrestling Court)
N = NATATIO (Swimming Pool)
v = VESTIBULE
l/la = LATRINES
B/S = BASCILICA (Indoor Exercise)
s = SERVICE
f = FURNACE
"SMALL IMPERIAL TYPE" THERMAE, FROM
KRENCKER
Annotation Key, from Daniel Krencker, Die trierer Kaiserthermen, 1929
18
HEAT
COOL
REST
LARGE BATHS, HADRIAN'S VILLA
CHANGING
'MECHANICAL'
19
HEAT
COOL
REST
THERMAE OF CARACALLA
CHANGING
'MECHANICAL'
20
HARARET
SOĞUKLUK
CAMEKÂN
HARARET
SOĞUKLUK
CAMEKÂN
HEAT
COOL
REST
ÇARDAKLI HAMMAM
CHANGING
'MECHANICAL'
21
CONTEMPORARY
HEAT
COOL
REST
BATHS AT VALS, PETER ZUMTHOR
CHANGING
'MECHANICAL'
22
HEAT
COOL
TERMAS GEOMETRICAS, GERMÁN DEL SOL
REST
'MECHANICAL'
23
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III. PROGRAM
Rooms, Population, & Area
1. Bathing Cycle
This is the heart of the project and where you should
take the most time and care and attention in your design. Spaces may be clustered together or spread apart.
They may be stand-alone pavilions or part of one large
space.
The spaces work together, in a cycle. Meaning not all
heating spaces are meant to be clustered separate from
the cool spaces. Rather, the work together as a HeatCool-Rest cycle. You can approach them as specifically paired spaces, or they can be loosely affiliated in a
larger organization. Review the sequence description at
the beginning of the binder to envision how the cycles
would work over time throughout the day.
Each section of Heat, Cool, and Rest has three scales
of space: Small, Medium and Large. These provide for
different types of social groups and experiences, from
small, intimate clusters to larger crowds.
Heat
Cool
Rest
The heating spaces require enclosed rooms, unless noted otherwise.
The cooling amenities do not require enclosed rooms,
unless noted otherwise. They can be coupled with the
heating spaces, located in the heating spaces, and/or located in their own space.
The rest spaces are low energy environments with their
own character, intended to bring the body temperature
back to a temperate level before restarting the cycle.
Large Sauna (30 people) (600 sqft)
Outdoor Experience Space (15 people) (400 sqft)
A space to encounter the elements (air, snow,
rain). Can include a cold plunge.
Large Pool (30 people) (1000 sqft, pool plus deck)
Approximately four feet deep. For wading, gentle swimming, and relaxing
Event Showers (8 people) (250 sqft)
Can be included with the Common Shower Area
Food Service (seating area for 30 people) (600 sqft)
The food service is a way for bathers to rest and
replenish without going back through the change room.
It is a chance to rehydrate and take in light snacks as
well as socialize. It has a counter and seating area.
Medium Sauna (15 people) (300 sqft)
Small Sauna (8 people) (150 sqft)
This is usually the hottest sauna.
Medium Hot Tub (12 people) (300 sqft (including pool
and deck))
Hot Tubs can be Indoor or Outdoor. At least one
needs to be Indoor.
Small Hot Tub (6 people) (150 sqft (pool plus deck))
Cold Plunge (6 people) (150 sqft)
Bucket dunk
The Bucket Dunk and Ice Machine do not have a
specified square footage.
Ice Machine
Outdoor Canopy (15 people) (400 sqft)
Moveable seating and lounge chairs
Medium Warm Room (15 people) (300 sqft)
Warm rooms can serve napping, resting, listening to music with headphones. One can be quiet, one
can be social. They can include a hearth and seating
area.
Small Warm Room (8 people) (150 sqft)
26
2. Civic Gathering Space
3. Changing and Showers
How does your project connect to the city? The civic
space is an opportunity to develop a large gathering
space for the city that connects to the bathhouse. How
can this space address or integrate with the bathhouse?
Do you make connections between the two or do you
maintain a sharp division between the bathhouse and
the public space? Is part of the civic space incorporated
into the bath cycle?
Change Rooms (Dry) (3000 sqft)
Accomodating 60 people, this is one of the more significant aspects of the program. It will establish the character of the sequence. One
primary consideration is how you transition between wet/dry and clean/
dirty spaces. Another is how you choose to handle notions of gender and
privacy. These should be adjacent to or near the reception in the sequence
or have shoe storage near by.
Some options could include a large outdoor pool, gardens, amphitheater, look out tower, outdoor cinema,
wading fountain, splash park, or green house. Refer
to the introductory lectures and precedents for further ideas. This can be a large single space, or multiple
smaller spaces.
Lockers for clothes and belongings and shoes.
5 privacy cubicles with bench
3 toilets
2 urinals or toilets
5 sinks
Comon Shower Area (Wet) (250 sqft)
This is a threshold into the bathing sequence. Consider how it prepares people for the experience ahead, as well as a transition back to the
'dry' realm. Consider gender and privacy. Consider a center piece for sitting on, a place to leisurely wash and scrub.
6 sitting showers
6 standing showers
27
4. Front of House
5. Administration and Support
The public face of the building. The functions can be clustered or spread
about, but must consider how the spaces function as thresholds between
the city and the bath.
You will need to develop a concept for the community of staff supporting
the bath. How do you want to organize them? Is it an open office concept?
Traditional offices? How do you provide occupants with access to fresh air
and daylight? Spaces do not need to be enclosed unless otherwise noted.
Lobby (1500 sqft)
Front Desk fit for 2 or 3 people
Seating and lounging with self-serve tea, water (30 People)
Towel pick-up and drop off
Coat Closet
Staff closet and storage
Gallery (600 sqft)
Offices (1500 sqft total)
General Manager's Office (120 sqft, enclosed)
Human Resources Office (120 sqft, enclosed)
Facility Manager's Office (120 sqft, enclosed)
Operations Manager's Office (120 sqft, enclosed)
Guests Services Office (1000 sqft)
Shop (600 sqft) with Storage
For Bath related items
Cafe (1200 sqft (interior))
Seating (Interior and Exterior)
Staff Area (300 sqft)
Counter, Fridge, Tables/chairs for 15 people
Kitchen and service
Service counter with cash register
Food display
Coffee station, cooking station (hot plates/grills)
Fridge, small freezer
Flexible, open office for ten people
Meeting Room (600 sqft)
Staff Closet and Storage (80 sqft)
Staff Water Closet (80 sqft each)
Two. One accessible
Dishwasher
Waste
Loading access
Coffee service
Waste
Washrooms (250 sqft)
Serving 6 people including 2 accessible
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6. Service
Mechanical (20% of Gross square footage (approx. 3000 sqft)
The mechanical system will not only occupy a large floor area, but
consists of ductwork and chases throughout the building. You may consolidate the system into one area or distribute it throughout the building.
Storage (300 sqft)
Access to Reception
Loading (300 sqft)
This requires access to Lower Water Street and must accomodate
the turning radius of a large box truck.
Garbage (150 sqft)
Access to Cafe and Loading Area
Laundry (150 sqft)
Access to Reception and Loading Area
Program Areas Summary
Building Total
Grossing (1.12)
Total
Mechanical (20%)
Sub Total
SQFT
20,980
1.12
18,732
3122
15610
Front of House
Lobby
Gallery
Shop
Café
Washroom
4150
1500
600
600
1200
250
Admin
Offices
Meeting
Staff Area
Staff Closet
WC
2560
1500
600
300
80
80
Service
Storge
Loading
Garbage
Laundry
900
300
300
150
150
Change Room
Change
Shower
3250
3000
250
Bath
Heat
Large Sauna
Med Sauna
Small Sauna
Med Hot Tub
Small Hot Tub
Cool
Outdoor Experience
Even Showers
Cold Plunge
Bucket Dunk
Ice Machine
Rest
Food Service
Large Pool
4750
1500
600
300
150
300
150
800
400
250
150
2450
600
1000
29
IV. SITE
Site Plan
MARITIME
MUSEUM
EDG
EO
F VI
EW
PLA
NE
SITE
VIEW CORRIDOR
OFFICE BUILDING
Site Requirements:
The primary physical site considerations
are the Harbor, Lower Water Street, and
the Plaza or Civic Space. You will also
need to maintain the Harborwalk connection as well as consider your project's
relationship to the Sackville Street View
Corridor.
against these constraints you will need
to demonstrate an understanding of
them.
You will research zoning and building
code restrictions on the site in Profes- If the Harborwalk intersects your project
sional Practice. In order to work with or you may look at examples of how this is
handled at other points along the harbor.
This includes patterns where the walk
passes through an open 24-hour enclosed
area with a detour around. You may consider going over or under the project as
well, but these have significant trade-offs.
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Description
History
Halifax harbor was formed by a glacier
tens of thousands of years ago carving a
deep, U-shaped valley through the landscape in a process called glaciation. As
glaciers thawed and sea levels rose the
valley filled with water. It is now one of
the world’s deepest harbors. “Originally
called K’jipuktuk (che-book-took), the
shores of the harbor were used as fishing
grounds in the summer months” (HRM
Centre Plan 13).
ian refugees, and many more” (HRM Centre Plan 13).
more residents of Halifax through restaurants, shops, and civic and cultural ameThe Halifax Waterfront Development nities. One purpose of such amenities is
website provides an account of the wa- to function as social condensers, mixing
terfront’s modern history as a highly ac- locals and tourists in shared activities. A
tive early twentieth century harbor in the Public Bath mixed with eating and other
heart of the city. This gave way to mid- amenities, functioning throughout the
century containerized shipping which year, and accessible to tourists and lodrew activity to locations outside the cals is being proposed as a unique form
downtown, leaving the waterfront ne- of condenser, stimulating the senses and
glected and derelict. In 1960 a Harbour- providing enhanced awareness of the wafront Highway proposal was rejected by ter and other natural surroundings.
With European exploration Basque fisher- the city and stimulated renewed atten- Development Context
man were known to have visited the area tion on the development of the water- A new mixed-use housing and commerand in 1749 Great Britain established a front as a civic amenity.
cial development north of the Maritime
settlement attracted in part by the re- The Waterfront Today
Museum, Queens Marque, requires relosource of the harbor. With European Today the waterfront is an active social cating the fifteen or so food stalls to a new
settlement economic and social develop- hub and economic generator for the city. location at Sackville Landing, adjacent to
ments of the city have in part tracked mili- It is a major tourist attraction and hosts the proposed location of the Halifax Pubtary investments in ship building and re- museums, markets, food stalls, concerts, lic Bath. A coordinated plan, Shape My
pair. Another role the harbor has played restaurants, festivals, and other cultural Waterfront, has been developed for the
is as a port of entry for immigrants includ- and civic events. There is a still a percep- relocation and provides ideas about posing “Loyalists, Black Refugess, Quaker tion of the Waterfront as under-utilized sible attractions and activities to the site.
whalers, Scottish and Irish stonemasons, by the local community and contempo- Additional resources on development
Lebanese communities, Kosovar and Syr- rary development efforts target attracting strategies for the area can be found on
the Waterfront Development website and
in the HRM Centre Plan document.
1910 Map, from Waterfront Development website.
Benches constructed as part of a 2015 Free Lab,
from Waterfront Development website.
Waterfront prior to redevelopment, from Waterfront Development website.
View of Maritime Museum from Lower Water Street,
from Waterfront Development website.
Some considerations outlined in the Centre Plan include:
• Continuous Public Access
• Flexible uses
• Human Scale Design (“a relationship
between the size, texture, and articulation of components of the urban environment that matches the speed and
way that people move around cities.”
(p21)
• Pedestrian First strategies (p22)
Further details can be accessed on the following documents:
• Centre Plan
• Waterfront Development Website
• Shape My Waterfront
32
The aim is to represent these topics in base drawings that are clear, concise, vivid, and useful. Your original files
and your PDFs will be uploaded to Brightspace for use by the whole class during schematic design and design
development. Each representation will require decisions on variables such as mode, file format, scale, projection,
degree of detail, graphics, and digital layers. This is a pre-design assignment, so no preliminary building designs
are expected - but as base drawings, they should invite schematic designs as the next move. In BSI you will also
assemble information on environmental requirements inside the building.
Base Files Key
Group 1 (Burnay): Site Topics
• site plan of the property and its neighbours, 1:200 (with separate layers)
• site elevations and sections, 1:200
• site plan with ground floor plans, uses, and activities in surrounding buildings (on separate layers)
• land use zoning; property boundaries, setbacks, property area calculation
• maximum building height, maximum building envelope, maximum population density or floor area ratio
• municipal services (water, sewer, electricity)
• location plan, showing urban elements that are significant to the building and its operation
• heritage properties in the surrounding area (if any)
• plans for future development in the surrounding area (if any)
Group 2 (Fitzgerald): Site Topics
• 1:250 site model (physical), including topography and building masses (same as Group 3)
• photographs toward and from the site
• historical maps and photos of the site
Group 3 (Forren): Site Topics
• 1:250 site model (physical), including topography and building masses (same as Group 2)
• sunlight and shadows at solstices and equinox, with altitude and azimuth charts for this latitude
• geology, ground water, surface water, and sea levels (high and low tide)
Group 4 (Sweetapple): Site and Program Topics
• exterior materials, colours, textures, and details of local buildings
• overcast days (monthly percentages)
• wind (monthly average speed and direction; monthly high speed and direction)
• temperature (monthly mean highs; monthly mean lows)
• precipitation (monthly totals; type of precipitation)
• local sounds; sources of any substantial noise
• all spaces in the building, categorized by use and drawn to scale in plan (and section, if significant)
• standard objects, furnishings, and equipment for the building (with any significant dimensions)
• requirements for universal accessibility and emergency exits
• comparison to other institutions on the peninsula with a similar program
Group 5 (Venart): Program Topics
• significant exterior spaces (urban corridors, outdoor rooms, etc.) in the surrounding area
• routes and flows of pedestrians (including tourists and residents), bicycles, cars, buses, and boats
• local fauna and flora, including any major trees; plant hardiness zone for this region
• different characters in the building (attired appropriately), at rest or in action (for AutoCAD and Photoshop)
• anatomical characteristics and sensory features for users of the building
• estimated population in the building: during hours of the day; days of the week; and months of the year
• typical activities and significant events in the building
33