HW 2C - Limit Laws: Recommended review problems: #4,9,14,15,17 1. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit: limπ₯→6 2 = 2. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit: limπ₯→−8 π₯ = 3. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit: limπ₯→ 2 7π₯ − 4 = 4. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit 3(π¦ 2 − 1) limπ¦→3 6π¦ 2 (π¦ − 1)3 5. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit limπ₯→8 (7π₯ 2 + 6)(8π₯ + 4) 6. (1 pts) Given limπ₯→8 π(π₯) = 3 and limπ₯→8 π(π₯) = −5 , evaluate: limπ₯→8 (−8π(π₯) + 3π(π₯)) = 7. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit: limπ₯→−9 8. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit limπ₯→6 6(3π₯ + 6)3 π₯ 2 +8π₯−9 π₯+9 9. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit: limπ₯→0 √5π₯+64−8 π₯ 10. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit π₯ 2 + 2π₯ + 1 limπ₯→1 π₯+1 11. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit 64 − π limπ→64 8 − √π 12. (1 pts) Find the limit: limπ₯→144 √π₯ − 12 π₯ − 144 Give an exact answer or keep at least three decimal places. 13. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit: limπ₯→−9 −6π₯ − 54 = π₯ 2 + 16π₯ + 63 14. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit: limπ₯→−3 1 1 − π₯ −3 π₯+3 . Enter your answer as a reduced fraction. 15. (1 pts) Find the following limit: limπ₯→10 π₯ 3 − 5π₯ 2 − 52π₯ + 20 π₯ − 10 Answer: 16. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit: limβ→0 (−3+β)2 −9 β 17. (1 pts) 1 Evaluate: limπ₯→0 (2π₯ 3 sin (π₯) + 9) 18. (1 pts) Estimate the limit numerically or state that the limit does not exist: limπ₯→0 sin(9π₯) π₯ Give your answer to at least three decimal places 19. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit, if it exists: limπ₯→−5 π₯ 4 −625 π₯ 3 +125 20. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit: limπ₯→2 π₯−2 √π₯ 2 +12−4 . Enter your answer as a reduced fraction. 21. (1 pts) Find the limit limπ₯→1 2π₯ 2 −7π₯+5 5π₯ 2 −7π₯+2 22. (1 pts) 2 if π₯ ≤ 4 Let π(π₯) = {6 − π₯ − π₯ 2π₯ − 7 if π₯ > 4 Calculate the following limits. Enter "DNE" if the limit does not exist. limπ₯→4− π(π₯) = limπ₯→4+ π(π₯) = limπ₯→4 π(π₯) = 23. (1 pts) √−5 − π₯ + 3 if π₯ < −6 Let π(π₯) = { 3 if π₯ = −6 2π₯ + 16 if π₯ > −6 Calculate the following limits. Enter "DNE" if the limit does not exist. limπ₯→−6− π(π₯) = limπ₯→−6+ π(π₯) = limπ₯→−6 π(π₯) = +++++++++++++++ Key - Form 1 i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi. xii. 2 -8 10 0.055555555555556 30872 -39 -10 82944 0.3125 2 16 1 24 xiii. 3 xiv. -0.11111111111111 xv. 148 xvi. -6 xvii. 9 xviii. 9 xix. -6.6666666666667 xx. 2 xxi. -1 xxii. -14 ~ 1 ~ π·ππΈ xxiii. 4 ~ 4 ~ 4 HW 2D - Formal Definition of Limit: Recommended review problems: #1,4 1. (1 pts) What word or phrase best fits in the blank below? "If limπ₯→π π(π₯) = πΏ , then when π₯ is near π the corresponding values of π(π₯) are close (________________) to L." • and possibly equal • and always equal • but slightly smaller when compared • but never equal • but slightly larger when compared • as they can be 2. (1 pts) When demonstrating that limπ₯→0 3π₯ + 5 = 5 with π = 0.4 , which of the following πΏ -values suffices? [There may be MORE THAN ONE correct answer, so select all that apply] • πΏ = 0.26666666666667 • πΏ = 0.017777777777778 • πΏ = 0.044444444444444 • πΏ = 0.13333333333333 3. (1 pts) 1 In formally proving that limπ₯→−8 (9 π₯ − 2) = − function of π . 26 9 , let π > 0 be arbitrary. Determine πΏ as a Note: in this case πΏ will be a function of π . You will need to write the word epsilon for $\displaystyle\ \epsilon\$ in the answerbox πΏ= 4. (1 pts) In formally proving that limπ₯→4 (π₯ 2 − 8π₯) = −16 , let π > 0 be arbitrary. Determine πΏ as a function of π . Note: in this case πΏ will be a function of π . You will need to write the word epsilon for $\displaystyle\ \epsilon\$ in the answerbox πΏ= 5. (1 pts) In formally proving that limπ₯→4 (π₯ 2 + π₯) = 20 , let π > 0 be arbitrary. Choose π $\displaystyle\delta\ =\$ min (π , 1) . Determine π . $\displaystyle{m}=\$ 6. (1 pts) In formally proving that limπ₯→1 (π₯ 3 − π₯ 2 + 3π₯) = 3 , let π > 0 be arbitrary. Choose π $\displaystyle\delta=\$ min (π , 1) . Determine π . π= +++++++++++++++ Key - Form 1 i. ii. and possibly equal πΏ = 0.044444444444444 πΏ = 0.13333333333333 πΏ = 0.017777777777778 iii. 9 ⋅ π iv. √π v. 10 vi. 7 HW 2E – Continuity : Recommended Review Problems: 4,11,20 1. (1 pts) Suppose that π(π₯) is a continuous function with π(−4) = −7 and π(0) = 7 . Determine which choice best describes the following statement. " π(π₯) = 0 for some π₯ in the interval [-4, 0]" • Always false • Sometimes true and sometimes false • Always true 2. (1 pts) Suppose that π(π₯) is a function with π(4) = −2 and π(8) = 2 . Determine which choice best describes the following statement. " π(π₯) = 0 for some π₯ in the interval [4, 8]" • Always false • Always true • Sometimes true and sometimes false 3. (1 pts) 5π₯ − 4 Let π(π₯) = { −5π₯ + π if π₯ ≤ 10 if π₯ > 10 If π(π₯) is a function which is continuous everywhere, then we must have π= 4. (1 pts) ππ₯ − 17 Let π(π₯) = { 2 π₯ + 10π₯ − 7 if π₯ < −10 if π₯ ≥ −10 If π(π₯) is a function which is continuous everywhere, then we must have π= 5. (1 pts) Find π such that the function 2 π(π₯) = { π₯ − 3 π₯ ≤ π 10π₯ − 28 π₯ > π is continuous everywhere. π= 6. (1 pts) A function π(π₯) is said to have a removable discontinuity at π₯ = π if: 1. π is either not defined or not continuous at π₯ = π . 2. π(π) could either be defined or redefined so that the new function IS continuous at π₯ = π . 2π₯ 2 +6π₯−80 Let π(π₯) = π₯−5 Show that π(π₯) has a removable discontinuity at π₯ = 5 and determine what value for π(5) would make π(π₯) continuous at π₯ = 5 . Must define π(5) = . 7. (1 pts) A function π(π₯) is said to have a jump discontinuity at π₯ = π if: 1. limπ₯→π− π(π₯) exists. 2. limπ₯→π+ π(π₯) exists. 3. The left and right limits are not equal. if π₯ < 3 if π₯ ≥ 3 π₯+7 Show that π(π₯) has a jump discontinuity at π₯ = 3 by calculating the limits from the left and right at π₯ = 3 . limπ₯→3− π(π₯) = limπ₯→3+ π(π₯) = Now for fun, try to graph π(π₯) . Let π(π₯) = { 4π₯ − 6 4 8. (1 pts) Which of the following graphs show a jump discontinuity? (Select all that apply) • • • 9. (1 pts) The graph below is the function π(π₯) Determine which one of the following explains why continuity is violated at π₯ = −1 . • π(π) is undefined. • limπ₯→π π(π₯) and π(π) exist but are not equal. • limπ₯→π π(π₯) does not exist. 10. (1 pts) The graph below is the function π(π₯) Determine which of the following explains why continuity is violated at π₯ = 2 . • limπ₯→π π(π₯) does not exist. • π(π) is not defined. • limπ₯→π π(π₯) and π(π) exist but are unequal. 11. (1 pts) The graph below is the function π(π₯) Determine which of the following explains why continuity is violated at π₯ = 2 . • π(π) is not defined. • limπ₯→π π(π₯) and π(π) exist but are unequal. • limπ₯→π π(π₯) does not exist. 12. (1 pts) The graph below is the function π(π₯) Select all statements below that you agree with. Note: You may be checking more than one box. No partial credit. • π(2) is defined. • limπ₯→2 π(π₯) exists. • limπ₯→2 π(π₯) = π(2) . • The function is continuous at x = 2. • The function is not continuous at x = 2. 13. (1 pts) The graph below is the function π(π₯) Select all statements below that you agree with. Note: You may be checking more than one box. No partial credit. • π(2) is defined. • limπ₯→2 π(π₯) exists. • limπ₯→2 π(π₯) = π(2) . • The function is continuous at x = 2. • The function is not continuous at x = 2. 14. (1 pts) The graph below is the function π(π₯) Determine which one of the following rules for continuity is first violated at π = −1 . • π(π) is defined. • limπ₯→π π(π₯) exists. • limπ₯→π π(π₯) = π(π) . 15. (1 pts) The graph below is the function π(π₯) Determine which one of the following rules for continuity is violated first at π₯ = 2 . • π(π) is defined. • limπ₯→π π(π₯) exists. • limπ₯→π π(π₯) = π(π) . 16. (1 pts) The graph below is the function π(π₯) Determine which one of the following rules for continuity is violated first at π₯ = 2 . • π(π) is defined. • limπ₯→π π(π₯) exists. • limπ₯→π π(π₯) = π(π) . 17. (1 pts) ππ₯ − 8 if π₯ < −3 Let π(π₯) = { 2 π₯ + 9π₯ − 5 if π₯ ≥ −3 If π(π₯) is a function which is continuous everywhere, then we must have π= Now for fun, try to graph π(π₯) . 18. (1 pts) Suppose that π(π₯) is a continuous function with π(−1) = −1 and π(3) = 1 . Determine which choice best describes the following statement. "For any π¦ in the interval [-1,1], π(π₯) = π¦ for some π₯ in the interval [-1, 3]" • Always false • Sometimes true and sometimes false • Always true 19. (1 pts) Suppose that π(π₯) is a continuous function with π(4) = −8 and π(8) = 8 . Determine which choice best describes the following statement. "For some π¦ in the interval [-8,8], π(π₯) = π¦ for all π₯ in the interval [4, 8]" • Sometimes true and sometimes false • Always true • Always false 20. (1 pts) Find the values of π and π that make π continuous everywhere: 48 + 2π₯ − π₯ 2 if π₯ < −6 π₯+6 π(π₯) = { ππ₯ + π if π₯ ∈ [−6,4] 4−π₯ 4⋅2 + 50 if π₯ > 4 When showing your work, be sure to include all limit calculations and a sketch of the graph. π= π= 21. (1 pts) Given the function below, determine if the function is continuous at the point π₯ = 3 . If not, indicate why. 2π₯ − 11, π₯ < 3 2, π₯ = 3 −3π₯ + 4, π₯ > 3 Continuous at π₯ = 3 Not continuous: π(3) does not exist Not continuous: limπ₯→3 π(π₯) does not exist Not continuous: π(3) and limit exist, but are not equal π(π₯) = { • • • • 22. (1 pts) Given the function below, determine if the function is continuous at the point π₯ = −3 . If not, indicate why. π₯ 2 − 16 π₯+3 Continuous at π₯ = −3 Not continuous: π(−3) is not defined; this is a removable discontinuity Not continuous: π(−3) is not defined; this is not a removable discontinuity Not continuous: limπ₯→−3 π(π₯) does not exist Not continuous: π(−3) and limit exist, but are not equal π(π₯) = • • • • • 23. (1 pts) 4π₯ + 17 if π₯ < −3 Let π(π₯) = {√π₯ + 28 if π₯ > −3 2 if π₯ = −3 Select all statements below that you agree with. Note: You may be checking more than one box. No partial credit. • π(−3) is defined. • limπ₯→−3 π(π₯) exists. • limπ₯→−3 π(π₯) = π(−3) . • The function is continuous at x = -3. • The function is not continuous at x = -3. +++++++++++++++ Key - Form 1 i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. Always true Sometimes true and sometimes false 96 -1 5 26 6 ~ 0.4 ix. limπ₯→π π(π₯) does not exist. x. π(π) is not defined. xi. limπ₯→π π(π₯) and π(π) exist but are unequal. xii. π(2) is defined. limπ₯→2 π(π₯) exists. The function is not continuous at x = 2. xiii. π(2) is defined. The function is not continuous at x = 2. xiv. limπ₯→π π(π₯) exists. xv. π(π) is defined. xvi. limπ₯→π π(π₯) = π(π) . xvii. 5 xviii. Always true xix. Always false xx. 4 ~ 38 xxi. Not continuous: π(3) and limit exist, but are not equal xxii. Not continuous: π(−3) is not defined; this is not a removable discontinuity xxiii. π(−3) is defined. limπ₯→−3 π(π₯) exists. The function is not continuous at x = -3. HW 2F - Limits at Infinity-Horizontal Asymptote: Recommended Review Problems: 3,5,8,9 1. (1 pts) Evaluate the following limits. If needed, enter oo for ∞ and -oo for −∞ . (a) limπ₯→∞ (12π₯ 2 + 27π₯ 3 ) = (b) limπ₯→−∞ (12π₯ 2 + 27π₯ 3 ) = 2. (1 pts) Evaluate the following limits. If needed, enter oo for ∞ and oo for −∞ . (a) limπ₯→∞ √8+11π₯2 4+4π₯ (b) limπ₯→−∞ = √8+11π₯ 2 4+4π₯ = 3. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit limπ₯→∞ √11 + 9π₯ 2 9 + 9π₯ 4. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit limπ₯→∞ 3 + 2π₯ 3 − 10π₯ 5. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit limπ₯→∞ 8π₯ + 8 − 8π₯ + 2 6π₯ 2 6. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit limπ₯→∞ 2π₯ 3 − 9π₯ 2 − 8π₯ 5 − 7π₯ − 7π₯ 3 7. (1 pts) Evaluate the limit limπ₯→∞ 3π₯ 2 − 3π₯ + 4 3π₯ + 11 8. (1 pts) Evaluate the following limits. (a) limπ₯→∞ 9 π π₯ −9 (b) limπ₯→−∞ = 9 π π₯ −9 = [NOTE: If needed, enter oo for ∞ and -oo for −∞ .] 9. (1 pts) Evaluate the following limits. Enter your answer as a reduced fraction. If needed, enter oo for ∞ and -oo for −∞ . limπ₯→∞ ( √π₯ 2 + 8π₯ − π₯) = 10. (1 pts) Evaluate the following limits. If needed, enter oo for ∞ and -oo for −∞ . limπ₯→−∞ ( π₯ + √π₯ 2 + 2π₯) = 11. (1 pts) Evaluate the following limits. If needed, enter oo for ∞ and -oo for −∞ . limπ₯→∞ ( √π₯ 2 + 2π₯ − √π₯ 2 + 4π₯) = +++++++++++++++ Key - Form 1 i. ∞ ~ −∞ ii. 0.82915619758885 ~ -0.82915619758885 iii. 0.33333333333333 1 iv. −5 v. 0 vi. −7 vii. viii. ix. x. xi. ∞ 0 ~ -1 4 -1 -1 2 HW 2G - Rates of Change: Recommended Review Problems: 5,11,13 1. (1 pts) If π(π₯) = 3π₯ 2 − 7π₯ + 4 , find π′(0) . Use this to find the equation of the tangent line to the parabola π¦ = 3π₯ 2 − 7π₯ + 4 at the point (0,4) . The equation of this tangent line can be written in the form π¦ = ππ₯ + π where π is: and where π is: 2. (1 pts) Let π (π‘) = 6π‘ 3 − 36π‘ 2 + 54π‘ be the equation of motion for a particle. Find a function for the velocity. π£(π‘) = Where does the velocity equal zero? [Hint: factor out the GCF. ] π‘ = and π‘ = Find a function for the acceleration of the particle. π(π‘) = 3. (1 pts) Suppose that the position of a particle is given by π = π(π‘) = 4π‘ 3 + 3π‘ + 9 . (a) Find the velocity at time π‘ . π£(π‘) = π π (b) Find the velocity at time π‘ = 3 seconds. π π (c) Find the acceleration at time π‘ . π π(π‘) = π 2 (d) Find the acceleration at time π‘ = 3 seconds. π π 2 4. (1 pts) A particle moves along a straight line and its position at time π‘ is given by π (π‘) = 2π‘ 3 − 30π‘ 2 + 126π‘ where s is measured in feet and t in seconds. Find the velocity (in ft/sec) of the particle at time π‘ = 0 : The particle stops moving (i.e. is in a rest) twice, first when π‘ = , and again when π‘ = What is the position of the particle at time 20 ? Finally, what is the TOTAL distance the particle travels between time 0 and time 20 ? 5. (1 pts) Use the graph of π(π₯) above to estimate the value of π′(2) to one decimal place. π′(2) = 6. (1 pts) Find an equation of the tangent line to the parabola π¦ = π₯ 2 at the point π(1.2,1.44) . Start by calculating the slope of the secant line ππ for different points π that get closer to the point π(1.2,1.44) . Fill in this table similar to those in this example by calculating the slope of the tangent lines through π and the point π(π₯, π₯ 2 ) for the values of π₯ provided in the table. πππ π₯ 2 1.5 1.3 1.21 1.201 1.2001 Based on the values in this table, it appears the slope of the tangent line should be π = Now that you have the slope π of the tangent line and a point π(1.2,1.44) on the tangent line, you can find the equation of the line: tangent line is π¦ = 7. (1 pts) 1 2 2 The point π (5 , 10) lies on the curve π¦ = π₯ . If π is the point (π₯, π₯) , find the slope of the secant line ππ for the following values of π₯ . If π₯ = 0.3 , the slope of ππ is: and if π₯ = 0.21 , the slope of ππ is: and if π₯ = 0.1 , the slope of ππ is: and if π₯ = 0.19 , the slope of ππ is: Based on the above results, guess the slope of the tangent line to the curve at π(0.2,10) . 8. (1 pts) Estimate the instantaneous rate of change at π₯ = 3 Your estimate needs to be within 10% of the exact answer. 9. (1 pts) For each slope below, enter the value correct to four decimal places. π(π₯+β)−π(π₯) Let π(π₯) = 8.5π₯ 2 − 7.9π₯ . Using the formula, π = , estimate the slope of the β tangent line on the graph of π(π₯) at π₯ = 9 for the following values of β : β =1: π = β = 0.5 : π = β = 0.1 : π = β = 0.01 : π = β = 0.001 : π = 10. (1 pts) Use the limit definition of the derivative to find the slope of the tangent line to the curve π(π₯) = 7π₯ 2 at π₯ = 2 11. (1 pts) Let π(π₯) be the function 8π₯ 2 − 10π₯ + 10 . Then the quotient π(3+β)−π(3) can be simplified to πβ + π for: β π= and π= 12. (1 pts) Let π(π₯) = √π₯ + 4 . Calculate the difference quotient π(5+β)−π(5) for β β = .1 β = .01 β = −.01 β = −.1 If someone now told you that the derivative (slope of the tangent line to the graph) of π(π₯) 1 at π₯ = 5 was π for some integer π what would you expect π to be? π= 13. (1 pts) Let π(π₯) = √50 − π₯ . Compute π′(1) using the limit definition π′(1) = Find an equation of the tangent line at π₯ = 1 π¦= 14. (1 pts) q 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 h(q) 372 512 705 971 1337 Estimate β′(2.6) using the table above. β′(2.6) ≈ +++++++++++++++ Key - Form 1 i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi. xii. -7 ~ -7 ~ 4 18π‘ 2 − 72π‘ + 54 ~ 1 or 3 ~ 1 or 3 ~ 36π‘ − 72 12π‘ 2 + 3 ~ 111 ~ 24π‘ ~ 72 126 ~ 3 ~ 7 ~ 6520 ~ 6648 -2 π = 2.4 ~ equation of tangent line is π¦ = 2.4π₯ − 1.44 -33.333333333333 ~ -47.619047619048 ~ -100 ~ -52.631578947368 ~ -50 6.8 153.6 ~ 149.35 ~ 145.95 ~ 145.18499999998 ~ 145.10850000022 28 8 ~ 38 0.16620625799671 ~ 0.16662039607267 ~ 0.16671298870099 ~ 0.16713221964741 ~ 6 1 1 99 xiii. − 14 ~ − 14 π₯ + 14 xiv. near 1127.6587977589 HW 2H - The Derivative as a Function: Recommended Review Problems: 2,6,8,14 1. (1 pts) Objective [1.10] Could the function in bottom plot be the derivative of the function in the top plot? • No • Yes The plot of the FUNCTION (below) The plot of its DERIVATIVE (below) 2. (1 pts) The function graphed above has: Positive derivative on the interval(s) Negative derivative on the interval(s) 3. (1 pts) This is the graph of a function. Choose the graph of its derivative from among the following functions. 4. (1 pts) This is the graph of a function. Choose the graph of its derivative from among the following functions. 5. (1 pts) Given π(π₯) = 6 − 3π₯ 2 , find π′(π₯) using the limit definition of the derivative. π′(π₯) = 6. (1 pts) 5 Given π(π₯) = π₯ , find π′(π₯) using the limit definition of the derivative. π′(π₯) = 7. (1 pts) Given π(π₯) = 6√π₯ + 6 , find π′(π₯) using the limit definition of the derivative. π′(π₯) = 8. (1 pts) Given π(π₯) = 5π₯ 2 + 9π₯ + 4 , find π′(π₯) using the limit definition of the derivative. π′(π₯) = Note: You must show your work, and you must use the limit definition for the derivative for full credit. 9. (1 pts) Given π(π₯) = 4 − 2π₯ 2 , find π′(π₯) using the limit definition of the derivative. π′(π₯) = 10. (1 pts) 4 Given π(π₯) = , find π′(π₯) using the limit definition of the derivative. π₯ π′(π₯) = 11. (1 pts) Select all the points at which the graph above is not differentiable • -4 • -3 • -2 • -1 • 0 • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 12. (1 pts) Let π(π₯) = 3π₯ 3 + 4π₯ + 4 Use the limit definition of the derivative to calculate the derivative of π : π′(π₯) = . Use the same formula from above to calculate the derivative of this new function (i.e. the second derivative of π ): π″(π₯) = . 13. (1 pts) The monthly salary S( t ) in dollars for a dock worker shown above has the following cubic model. π(π‘) = 0.185π‘ 3 − 7.95π‘ 2 + 101.2π‘ + 991 where t is the number of years after 1980 Interpret S( 2000 ) = 1315 • • • The monthly salary in 2000 was 1315. The monthly salary in 2000 was $1315. The salary in 2000 was 1315. Interpret π′(2000) = 5.2 • • • • • The monthly salary in 2000 was increasing by 5.2. The monthly salary in 2000 was decreasing by 5.2 per year. The monthly salary in 2000 was increasing by 5.2 per year. The monthly salary in 2000 was decreasing by $5.2 per year. The monthly salary in 2000 was increasing by $5.2 per year. • • The monthly salary in 2000 was neither increasing nor decreasing. The monthly salary in 2000 was decreasing by 5.2. 14. (1 pts) The radius of a circular oil spill after π‘ minutes is given by π(π‘) = √9π‘ . Find the instantaneous rate at which the radius is growing after 30 minutes. Give your answer as a decimal approximation with at least 3 decimal places. ππ‘ min +++++++++++++++ Key - Form 1 i. ii. No (-3,-0.5) ~ (-oo,-3)U(-0.5,oo) iii. iv. −2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ π₯ v. vi. 5 − π₯2 3 √π₯+6 vii. 10 ⋅ π₯ + 9 viii. −2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ π₯ ix. x. xi. 4 − π₯2 -2 1 9 ⋅ π₯ 2 + 4 ~ 18 ⋅ π₯ xii. The monthly salary in 2000 was $1315. ~ The monthly salary in 2000 was increasing by $5.2 per year. xiii. 0.27386127875258