Haloalkanes - Reactions (Nuc-Sub)
Wednesday, February 17, 2021
SN1 vs SN2
12:05 PM
• A haloalkane is an alkane with a halogen (ex. bromobutane)
○ Formula: CnH2n+1HAL
SN1
SN2
Have 3 CH3 groups
Has only 1 CH3 group
Tertiary (stable) haloalkanes do this Primary (unstable) haloalkanes do this
• Nucleophilic substitution reaction
○ Nucleophiles are atoms/materials attracted to (+) charge
▪ have (-) charge or
charge (polar)
○ C in C-Halogen bond is
due to difference in electronegativity
▪ Nucleophile "attacks" carbon to bond with it (swapping halogen for nucleophile)
▪ C is electrophile (has
)
○ Haloalkane + Nucleophile → Alcohol + ionic salt
• Reaction coordinate diagram:
Organic Page 1
2 step
1 step
Carbocation intermediate
Transition state