25.6
10.0
M e lt i n g
e
ss ur
H
e
a
t
a
nd/or Pre m
is
M e ta m or p h
r Pressure
t and/o
Hea tamorphism
e
M
n
lift) rosio
(U p
&E
in g
r
e
th
Wea
lting
Me
PARTICLE DIAMETER (cm)
SEDIMENTS
(U
We
athe plift)
ring
& Ero
sio
n
IGNEOUS
ROCK
Sand
0.01
0.006
Silt
0.001
at
Clay
1000
500
100
50
li
10
5
So
1
0.5
g
MAGMA
Cobbles
0.2
0.1
0.0001
ic
di f
Boulders
Pebbles
0.1
0.05
l ti n
1.0
0.01
Me
6.4
0.0004
io
METAMORPHIC
ROCK
100.0
E r o s i on
SEDIMENTARY
ROCK
Depo
s
and B ition
uria
l
( U p l if t )
n
Weathering & Erosio
r
nd/o
na
tio ation
c
pa ent
om em
C
Relationship of Transported
Particle Size to Water Velocity
n
C
Rock Cycle in Earth’s Crust
STREAM VELOCITY (cm/s)
This generalized graph shows the water velocity
needed to maintain, but not start, movement. Variations
occur due to differences in particle density and shape.
noncrystalline
Basaltic glass
Pumice
Scoria
Vesicular
andesite
Rhyolite
Andesite
Vesicular basalt
Basalt
INTRUSIVE
(Plutonic)
Diabase
Diorite
Granite
FELSIC
(rich in Si, Al)
75%
Peridotite
Pegmatite
LOWER
100%
Gabbro
Dunite
Vesicular rhyolite
COLOR
DARKER
DENSITY
HIGHER
TEXTURE
Glassy
Nonvesicular
Vesicular
(gas
pockets)
Fine
Coarse
Nonvesicular
Very
coarse
MAFIC
(rich in Fe, Mg)
COMPOSITION
100%
Potassium
feldspar
(pink to white)
Quartz
(clear to
white)
CRYSTAL
SIZE
10 mm 1 mm
less than
or
to
1 mm
larger 10 mm
EXTRUSIVE
(Volcanic)
Obsidian
(usually appears black)
LIGHTER
MINERAL COMPOSITION
(relative by volume)
CHARACTERISTICS
IGNEOUS ROCKS
ENVIRONMENT OF FORMATION
Scheme for Igneous Rock Identification
75%
Plagioclase feldspar
(white to gray)
50%
25%
Biotite
(black)
Amphibole
(black)
0%
Physical Setting/Earth Science Reference Tables — 2011 Edition
50%
Pyroxene
(green)
Olivine
(green)
25%
0%
6