Initial Conditions:
Elastic Modulus:
Hardness:
NAME:
1
2
READING
STRAIN
CONTROL
(from
computer)
Order
ε
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
OFFSET(0.2
%)
OFFSET
STRESS
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.06615512
11884.6111
18008.565
28248.6812
36043.0743
40651.105
Li=
E=
Rb=
3
DIAMETER
Tensile Test of Fully Annealed 1018 Steel
1.985 in
di=
0.49 in
Ai =
0.1885 in 2
15421 psi (from tensile test)
Brk Load= 7848.6477 lbs. (from computer csv file)
57.6 (from hardness test)
Brk Stress= 41637.3883 psi (calculated from P brk /Ai )
TRUE STRESS-TRUE STRAIN DATA SHEET
DATE OF TEST:
4
5
6
7
8
LOAD
(measured, (from Excel
recorded)
data file)
AREA
(calculated)
FRACTURE
5324.8764
6794.1195
7662.7333
8057.6374
8074.5499
8053.525
8027.0547
7988.3278
7957.8425
7932.5093
7909.275
7895.3746
7881.1326
7872.704
7864.5749
7855.8811
7851.6422
7849.2361
7848.6477
ε ̃=2ln(di /d)
ε̃el =σ ̃/ E
ε̃P =
ε ̃ - ε̃el
σ ̃ = P/A
(di 2-d2)/d2
psi
0.1885
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.1893
0.1893
0.1893
0.1772
0.1742
0.1698
0.1661
0.1625
0.159
0.1562
0.1541
0.1506
0.1486
0.1458
0.1432
0.1418
0.1418
0.1158
0.0995
0.0829
11884.6111
18008.565
28248.6812
0
0
0
0.06415512
0.0823067
0.11041739
0.13468809
0.15976331
0.18567901
0.20704217
0.22344572
0.25153771
0.26885982
0.29252104
0.31685031
0.32927336
0.32927336
0.62828234
0.89448933
1.27313609
11834.3856
17932.4591
28129.2995
38341.5322
43988.1361
47453.6949
48612.5822
49560.1538
50484.6208
51141.6633
51640.769
52672.7045
53225.2692
54152.0892
55035.8422
55519.7743
55462.4464
67840.0786
78910.9769
94683.1858
-0.0040775
-0.0040775
-0.0040775
0.06218117
0.07909459
0.10473597
0.1263578
0.14821594
0.17031562
0.18817288
0.20167124
0.22437296
0.23811872
0.2565946
0.27524276
0.28463244
0.28463244
0.48752568
0.63894932
0.82116042
0.76742012
1.16285968
1.8240905
2.48631945
2.85248272
3.07721256
3.1523625
3.21380934
3.27375791
3.31636491
9.6980221
3.41564779
3.45147975
3.51158091
3.56888932
3.60027069
3.59655317
4.399201
5.11711153
6.13988624
-0.7714976
-1.1669371
-1.828168
-2.4241383
-2.7733881
-2.9724766
-3.0260047
-3.0655934
-3.1034423
-3.128192
-9.4963509
-3.1912748
-3.213361
-3.2549863
-3.2936466
-3.3156382
-3.3119207
-3.9116753
-4.4781622
-5.3187258
0
3394.6145
TRUE
STRAIN
(calculated)
ε = DL/Li =
A
in 2
2240.2492
TRUE
STRESS
(calculated)
11
TRUE
PLASTIC
STRAIN
(calculated)
psi
P
lbs.
0.49
ENGR.
STRAIN
(calculated)
10
TRUE
ELASTIC
STRAIN
(calculated)
σ=P/Ai
d
in
0.491
0.491
0.491
0.475
0.471
0.465
0.46
0.455
0.45
0.446
0.443
0.438
0.435
0.431
0.427
0.425
0.425
0.384
0.356
0.325
ENGR.
STRESS
(calculated)
9
36043.0743
40651.105
42746.087
42835.8085
42724.2706
42583.8446
42378.3968
42216.6711
42082.2775
41959.0186
41885.2764
41809.722
41765.008
41721.8828
41675.7618
41653.2743
41640.5098
1018 FA Steel Stress vs. Strain
60000
y = 15421x + 32054
R² = 0.1687
50000
Stress, PSI
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Strain (in/in)
1
1.2
1.4
0.2% Offset Stress vs. Strain
45000
40000
35000
Stress, PSI
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
Strain
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
1018 FA Steel True Stress vs True Strain
100000
90000
80000
70000
True Stress, PSI
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
True Strain
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Tables of Mechanics
Elastic Modulus:
Offset Yield Strength:
Tensile Strength:
Breaking Strength:
% Elongation:
Ai = 0.1983in^2
Af = 0.1520in^2
df = 0.440in
Li = 1.985in
Lf = 2.773in
15421 PSI % Reduction in Area:
Hardness:
42654.7802 Strain Hardening Exponent:
Strength Coefficient:
39.70% Work to Break(Toughness):
23.30%
57.6