Uploaded by vividmebio

Diagnostic Imaging - Jerudong Park Medical Centre

advertisement
'LDJQRVWLF,PDJLQJ
3BȜJͽMP̑Z4Ȫ҅W̨Dɚ
-HUXGRQJ3DUN0HGLFDO&HQWUH
%XCELLENCE IN (EALTHCARE ~ 3ERVING 9OU 9OUR &AMILYS (EALTH .EEDS
(PHUJHQF\ Vcdng"qh"Eqpvgpvu
Fkikvcn"Fgpvcn"Kocikpi"U{uvgo
3
OTK"*307"("5Vgunc+"
5
Ectfkce"OTK"
9
Dtgcuv"OTK"
34"
Ownvk/Unkeg"*86/unkeg+"EV
38
Rgtkrjgtcn"SEV"
46"
Ocooqitco"*Dtgcuv"Z/tc{+"
4;"
Wnvtcuqwpf"
55"
Vjg Fkcipquvke Kocikpi Fgrctvogpv *Tcfkqnqi{+
cv Lgtwfqpi Rctm Ogfkecn Egpvtg. ku qpg qh vjg oquv
oqfgtp"kocikpi"fgrctvogpvu"kp"Uqwvjgcuv Cukc0
Ugtxkegu ctg uwrrqtvgf d{ c xgtucvkng igpgtcn
tcfkqitcrjke uwkvg ykvj Fkikvcn ET cpf c
86/unkeg EV uecppgt0 Vjg EV uecppgt ykvj ectfkcn
( cpikqitcrj{ EV ecrcdknkvkgu"rtqxkfgu""uvcvg"/"qh"/
rtqxkfgu uvcvg/qh/vjg/ctv kocikpi"kp"vjku"oqfcnkv{0
Hqt" uqrjkuvkecvgf" pgwtq/" tcfkqnqikecn" cpf" owuewnq/"
umgngvcn"gzcokpcvkqpu."vjgtg"ku"c"307"("5"Vgunc"uwrgt/
eqpfwevkpi"OTK"u{uvgo"ykvj"ectfkce"OTK."Dtgcuv"OTK"
("OT"Cpikqitcrj{"*hOTK"("FVK"ecrcdknkv{+0"
Fkikvcn"Fgpvcn"Kocikpi"U{uvgo
Fkikvcn" Rcpqtcoke." cpf" Egrjcnqogvtke" u{uvgou" cpf"
Eqpg"Dgco"EV"*rwv"vjg"Fgpvcn"ztc{"rke"uqogyjgtg+"
Rkecuuq/Vtkq" hwnn" fkikvcn" fgpvcn" kocikpi" u{uvgo"
rtqxkfgu" {qw" ykvj" vjg" oquv" ghhkekgpv" Eqpg" Dgco" EV"
*fgpvcn" EV/kpenwfkpi" 5F" uqhvyctg+." Fkikvcn"
Rcpqtcoke." cpf" Egrjcnqogvtke" u{uvgou" yjkng"
gpuwtkpi" ghhgevkxg" cpf" tgnkcdng" korncpv" uwtigt{0"
Rkecuuq/"Vtkq"ku"vjg"hktuv"vq"jcxg"5"hwpevkqpu"kp"3"wpkv0"
Cp"cwvjgpvke"Ó5"kp"3Ô"u{uvgo0"Vjg"gswkrogpv"wugf"vq"
qdvckp" rcpqtcoke" tcfkqitcrju" jcu" eqpvkpwgf" vq"
kortqxg" ykvj" tgegpv" cfxcpegu" kpenwfkpi" cwvqocvke"
gzrquwtg"cpf"ownvkrng"kocig"rtqitcou0
Dgpghkvu"qh"Fkikvcn"Fgpvcn"Kocikpi"U{uvgo<
Vjg" Kocigu" htqo" vjku" u{uvgo" jgnru" {qwt" fgpvkuvu" vq"
ugg"qxgtcnn"jgcnvj"qh"vjg"vggvj"cpf"oqwvj."cu"ygnn"cu"
urgekhke" cknogpvu" kp" vjg" vtqwdnkpi" vqqvj" cpf" kvu"
pgkijdqtkpi" vggvj0" Kv" cnuq" ikxgu" c" qdlgevkxg"
ogcuwtgogpv" qh" vjg" vggvj." jgcnvj" qh" vjg" dqpg" cpf"
eqpfkvkqp"qh"ectkgu"*kphgevkqp+"kp"vjg"vqqvj0"Vjku"jgnru"
vtgogpfqwun{" kp" fgekfkpi" cp" gzcev" vtgcvogpv" vq" c"
fgpvkuv"cpf"tgfwegu"gngogpv"qh"$vtkcn"cpf"gttqt$"htqo"
vjg"vtgcvogpv0"Fkikvcn"Fgpvcn"Kocikpi"U{uvgo"cnnqyu"
xctkqwu" kpxguvkicvkqpu." nkmg" ukpwu." VOL" cpf" rctvkcn"
QRI0" Kp" ecug" qh" Qtvjqfqpvkuvu" cpf" Korncpvqnqikguvu."
Qtcn"Oczknnq"Hcekcn"Uwtigqpu"*QOH+."Eqpg"Dgco"EV"
rtqxgu"vq"dg"cp"guugpvkcn"vqqn"vq"rncp"vjg"uwtigt{"cpf"
ogcuwtg"rquvqrgtcvkxg"rtqitguu0
Tcfkqnqi{ Fkcipquvke"Kocikpi"Ugtxkegu"̋"3
Vjg Wnvtcuqwpf ugevkqp qh vjg Fkcipquvke
Kocikpi Fgrctvogpv dqcuvu qh vjg ncvguv jkij/gpf
Wnvtcuqwpf ocejkpgu ykvj kpvtcecxkvqt{ rtqdgu
cpf Eqnqt Fqrrngt hgcvwtgu0 Vjku cnnqyu vjg wug qh
Uqpqitcrj{"kp"c"ykfg"urgevtwo"qh"eqpfkvkqpu0
C uqrjkuvkecvgf Þno/uetggp ocooqitcrj{ u{uvgo
cpf jkij/tguqnwvkqp Wnvtcuqwpf u{uvgo rtqxkfg
oqfgtp dtgcuv kocikpi cpf cfxcpegf rtgekukqp
dkqru{"ecrcdknkvkgu0
Eqpxgpvkqpcn icuvtq/kpvguvkpcn uvwfkgu
rtqegfwtgu yjkej tgswktg àwqtqueqrke
ecttkgf qwv kp c fkikvcn àwqtqueqr{
uqrjkuvkecvgf kocig uvqtcig cpf rquv
hceknkvkgu0
cpf qvjgt
eqpvtqn ctg
uwkvg ykvj
rtqeguukpi
Cp cffkvkqpcn igpgtcn tcfkqitcrj{ uwkvg ku cxckncdng
hqt tqwvkpg kpxguvkicvkqpu kpenwfkpi eqpxgpvkqpcn
Vqoqitcrjke"uvwfkgu0
Vjku oqfgtp cpf ygnn/gswkrrgf fgrctvogpv
eqpukuvu qh cp gzrgtkgpegf vgco qh c Urgekcnkuv
Tcfkqnqikuv cpf 7 Vgejpqnqikuv0 Vjg Tcfkqnqikuv cpf
jku vgco rgthqto c dtqcf urgevtwo qh rtqegfwtgu
cpf ctg ownvk/umknngf ykvj kpfkxkfwcnkugf ctgcu qh
urgekcnkucvkqp0
Kp" qwt" eqpvkpwqu" ghhqtvu" vq" rtqxkfg" gzegnngpeg" kp"
jgcnvjectg" vq" qwt" guvggogf" rcvkgpvu" cpf" eqtrqtcvg"
jgcnvjectg" kpuvkvwvkqpu." yg" jcxg" eqnncdqtcvgf" cpf"
yqtmgf" enqugn{" ykvj" ykvj" Pqtfyguv" Jqurkvcn."
Igtocp{" kp" vjg" hkgnf" qh" Vgng/Tcfkqnqi{" 0" Yjkng" qwt"
kp/jqwug" tcfkqnqikuv" rtqxkfgu" qrvkowo" enkpkecn"
gpxktqpogpv" hqt" rcvkgpvu" cpf" tghgttkpi" rj{ukekcpu."
rtqxkfkpi" fckn{" kpvgtcevkqp." kprwv" cpf" eqpuwnvcvkqp"
hqt"pqp"pgwtqtcfkqnqi{"cpf"jgcf"("Pgem="Pqtfyguv"
PgwtqtcfkqnqikuvÔ" yknn" rtqxkfg" kpvgtrtgvcvkqp" qh"
Pgwtqtcfkqnqi{." Jgcf" (" Pgem" Tcfkqnqi{" cpf"
eqorngz" ecugu0" Vjku" yknn" gpcdng" oqtg" vkogn{" cpf"
ghhkekgpv" kpvgtrtgvcvkqp" qh" tcfkqnqikecn" fcvc." ikxg"
itgcvgt"ceeguu"vq"ugeqpfct{"eqpuwnvcvkqp"cpf"kortqxg"
rcvkgpv"ectg0
4"̋"Tcfkqnqi{" Fkcipquvke"Kocikpi"Ugtxkegu
OTK
Yjcv"ku"OTKA
Yjcv"ku"OTKA
OTK. qvjgtykug cnuq ecnngf Ocipgvke Tguqpcpeg
OTK." qvjgtykug"
cnuq"
Ocipgvke"
Kocikpi.
cnnqyu wu
vqecnngf"
ugg xgt{
engctn{ Tguqpcpeg"
kpukfg vjg
Kocikpi." cnnqyu" wu" vq" ugg" xgt{" engctn{" kpukfg"
jwocp dqf{ ykvjqwv vjg wug qh Z/tc{u0 OTK kocigu
vjg" jwocp" dqf{" ykvjqwv" vjg" wug" qh" Z/tc{u0"
jgnr"wu"vq"ocmg"vjg"dguv"rquukdng"fkcipquku0"
OTK" kocigu" jgnr" wu" vq" ocmg" vjg" dguv" rquukdng"
fkcipquku0"
Jqy"fqgu"kv"yqtmA
OTK rtqfwegu engct kpvgtpcn dqf{ kocigu d{ wukpi
cJqy"fqgu"kv"yqtmA
rctvkewnct tcfkq htgswgpe{ vq etgcvg oqogpvct{
ocipgvke
ejcpigu0 C eqorwvgt vjgp cpcn{ugu vjg
OTK"rtqfwegu"engct"kpvgtpcn"dqf{"kocigu"d{"wukpi"
ukipcnu
tgvwtpgf"d{"xctkqwu"vkuuwgu0"
c"rctvkewnct"tcfkq"htgswgpe{"vq"etgcvg"oqogpvct{"
ocipgvke"ejcpigu0"C"eqorwvgt"vjgp"cpcn{ugu"vjg"
Ku"vjgtg"cp{"tkumA
ukipcnu"tgvwtpgf"d{"xctkqwu"vkuuwgu0"
Vjgtg ku pq tkum vq vjg cxgtcig rcvkgpv yjq hqnnqyu
crrtqrtkcvg iwkfgnkpgu tgictfkpi ogvcnnke kvgou
Ku"vjgtg"cp{"tkumA
ykvjkp vjg dqf{0 Dghqtg c OTK gzcokpcvkqp. rngcug
Vjgtg"ku"pq"tkum"vq"vjg"cxgtcig"rcvkgpv"yjq"hqnnqyu"
kphqto
{qwt rj{ukekcp qt vjg OTK Uwrgtxkuqt kh {qw
crrtqrtkcvg" iwkfgnkpgu" tgictfkpi" ogvcnnke" kvgou"
jcxg<
ykvjkp"vjg"dqf{0"Dghqtg"c"OTK"gzcokpcvkqp."rngcug"
kphqto"
{qwt" rj{ukekcp" qt" vjg" OTK" Uwrgtxkuqt" kh"
̋ c"rcegocmgt
{qw"jcxg<
̋ c"ogvcn"rncvg."rkp"qt"qvjgt"ogvcnnke"korncpv
̋ gxgt"dggp"yqwpfgf"fwtkpi"oknkvct{"ugtxkeg
"""̋"c"rcegocmgt
̋ cp"ctvkÞekcn"jgctv"xcnxg
"""̋"c"ogvcn"rncvg."rkp"qt"qvjgt"ogvcnnke"korncpv
̋ cp"KWF
"""̋"gxgt"dggp"yqwpfgf"fwtkpi"oknkvct{"ugtxkeg
̋ cpgwt{uo"enkr
"""̋"cp"ctvkÞekcn"jgctv"xcnxg
̋ gxgt"dggp"c"ogvcn"yqtmgt"
"""̋"cp"KWF
"""̋"cpgwt{uo"enkr
Ogvcnnke
kvgou ykvjkp vjg dqf{ oc{ ecwug fkueqohqtv
"""̋"gxgt"dggp"c"ogvcn"yqtmgt"
qt kplwt{ vq {qw yjgp rngcug kp vjg ocipgvke Þgnf. cpf
oc{
gzenwfg
{qw htqo
vjg gzcokpcvkqp0
uwtg
Ogvcnnke"
kvgou"
ykvjkp"
vjg" dqf{" Cnuq.
oc{"dgecwug"
vq"kphqto"wu"kh"{qw"ctg"rtgipcpv0
fkueqohqtv" qt" kplwt{" vq" {qw" yjgp" rngcug" kp" vjg"
ocipgvke" Þgnf." cpf" oc{" gzenwfg" {qw" htqo" vjg"
Jqy"nqpi"fqgu"cp"gzcokpcvkqp"vcmgA
gzcokpcvkqp0"Cnuq."dg"uwtg"vq"kphqto"wu"kh"{qw"ctg"
Vjg
cxgtcig OTK uecp vcmgu 37 vq 52 okpwvgu ykvj
rtgipcpv0
c eqorngvg gzcokpcvkqp twppkpi 52 vq 67 okpwvgu0
Fwtkpi"vjku"vkog."ugxgtcn"kocigu"oc{"dg"qdvckpgf0
Jqy"nqpi"fqgu"cp"gzcokpcvkqp"vcmgA
Vjg" cxgtcig" OTK" uecp" vcmgu" 37" vq" 52" okpwvgu"
Yjcv"ecp"K"gzrgev"fwtkpi"vjg"gzcokpcvkqpA
ykvj"kuc"eqohqtvcdng
eqorngvg" gzcokpcvkqp"
52" vq"
67"
OTK
cpf gcu{ hqt twppkpi"
vjg rcvkgpv0
Hktuv.
okpwvgu0"Fwtkpi"vjku"vkog."ugxgtcn"kocigu"oc{"dg"
vjg vgejpqnqikuv yknn jgnr {qw nkg fqyp qp c
eqdvckpgf0
wujkqpgf vcdng0 Yjgp {qw ctg eqohqtvcdn{
6"̋"Tcfkqnqi{" OTK
Yjcv"ecp"K"gzrgev"fwtkpi"vjg"gzcokpcvkqpA
OTK" ku" eqohqtvcdng" cpf" gcu{" hqt" vjg" rcvkgpv0"
Hktuv."vjg"vgejpqnqikuv"yknn"jgnr"{qw"nkg"fqyp"qp"
c" ewujkqpgf" vcdng0" Yjgp" {qw" ctg" eqohqtvcdn{"
rqukvkqpgf"hqt"vjg"gzcokpcvkqp."vjg"vcdng"yknn"dg"
oqxgf" kpvq" vjg" ocipgv0" Vjg" vgejpqnqikuv" yknn"
uvgr" vq" vjg" eqpvtqn" ctgc" cpf" tgockp" kp" eqpvcev"
ykvj"{qw0""
Cu"vjg"OTK"uecp"rtqeggfu."{qw"yknn"jgct"c"owhàgf"
vjworkpi"uqwpf0"Lwuv"tgncz"/"{qw"oc{"gxgp"vcmg"
c" pcr" Ï" dwv" vt{" vq" nkg" cu" uvknn" cu" rquukdng0" Cp{"
oqxgogpv"fwtkpi"vjku"vkog"yknn"dnwt"vjg"kocigu0"
Yjgp"uecppkpi"ku"eqorngvg."vjg"vgejpqnqikuv"yknn"
rqukvkqpgf hqt vjg gzcokpcvkqp. vjg vcdng yknn dg
tgvwtp"vq"cuukuv"{qw"qhh"vjg"vcdng0
oqxgf kpvq vjg ocipgv0 Vjg vgejpqnqikuv yknn uvgr vq
vjg"eqpvtqn"ctgc"cpf"tgockp"kp"eqpvcev"ykvj"{qw0"
Yjcv"ecp"K"fq"hqt"dguv"tguwnvuA
Cu vjg OTK uecp rtqeggfu. {qw yknn jgct c owhàgf"
Cp{" ogvcnnke" uwduvcpeg" qp" {qwt" dqf{" rctv" ecp"
vjworkpi uqwpf0 Lwuv tgncz / {qw oc{ gxgp vcmg c
ecwug"
c" dtkijv" qt" dncpm" urqv" qp" vjg" rkevwtg0" Vq"
pcr Ï dwv vt{ vq nkg cu uvknn cu rquukdng0 Cp{ oqxgogpv
jgnr"{qwt"fqevqt"ocmg"vjg"dguv"fkcipquku."rngcug"
fwtkpi vjku vkog yknn dnwt vjg kocigu0 Yjgp uecppkpi
fq"pqv"ygct<
ku eqorngvg. vjg vgejpqnqikuv yknn tgvwtp vq cuukuv {qw
qhh"vjg"vcdng0
"""̋"Jckturtc{
Yjcv"ecp"K"fq"hqt"dguv"tguwnvuA
"""̋"Ocuectc
Cp{ ogvcnnke uwduvcpeg qp {qwt dqf{ rctv ecp ecwug
"""̋"Jgctkpi"ckf
c dtkijv qt dncpm urqv qp vjg rkevwtg0 Vq jgnr {qwt
"""̋"Cp{"tgoqxcdng"fgpvcn"yqtm
fqevqt"ocmg"vjg"dguv"fkcipquku."rngcug"fq"pqv"ygct<
"""̋"Lgygnngt{
"""̋"Urgevcengu
̋ Jckturtc{
̋ Ocuectc
Kp"cffkvkqp."{qw"oc{"Þpf"kv"gcukgt"vq"nkg"ecno"hqt"
̋ Jgctkpi"ckf
ugxgtcn" okpwvgu" cv" c" vkog" kh" {qw" cxqkf" ftkpmkpi"
̋ Cp{ tgoqxcdng"fgpvcn"yqtm
eqhhgg"qt"qvjgt"echhgkpcvgf"dgxgtcigu"dghqtg"{qwt"
̋ Lgygnngt{
uecp0
̋ Urgevcengu
Kp cffkvkqp. {qw oc{ Þpf kv gcukgt vq nkg ecno hqt ugxgtcn
okpwvgu cv c vkog kh {qw cxqkf ftkpmkpi eqhhgg qt qvjgt
echhgkpcvgf"dgxgtcigu"dghqtg"{qwt"uecp0
Tcfkqnqi{ OTK"̋"7
Enkpkecn"Crrnkecvkqp
Enkpkecn"Crrnkecvkqp
Jgcf"cpf"Pgem
Jgcf"cpf"Pgem
OTK ikxgu xgt{ fgvckngf rkevwtgu qh vjg dtckp cpf
OTK"ikxgu"xgt{"fgvckngf"rkevwtgu"qh"vjg"dtckp"cpf"
urkpg0 Ckt cpf jctf dqpg fq pqv ikxg cp OTK ukipcn. uq
urkpg0" Ckt" cpf" jctf" dqpg" fq" pqv" ikxg" cp" OTK"
vjgug ctgcu crrgct dncem0 Dqpg octtqy. urkpcn àwkf."
ukipcn."uq"vjgug"ctgcu"crrgct"dncem0"Dqpg"octtqy."
dnqqf cpf
uqhv vkuuwg. nkmg vjg dtckp. xct{ kp kpvgpukv{
urkpcn"à
"wkf."dnqqf"cpf"uqhv"vkuuwg."nkmg"vjg"dtckp."
htqo dncem vq yjkvg fgrgpfkpi qp vjg coqwpv qh hcv
xct{"kp"kpvgpukv{"htqo"dncem"vq"yjkvg"fgrgpfkpi"
cpfvjg"
ycvgt
rtgugpv
vjg ocejkpg
qp"
coqwpv"
qh"kp
hcv"gcej
cpf"vkuuwg.
ycvgt"cpf
rtgugpv"
kp" gcej"
ugvvkpi wugf hqt uecp0 Vjg Tcfkqnqikuv eqorctgu vjg
vkuuwg."cpf"vjg"ocejkpg"ugvvkpi"wugf"hqt"uecp0"Vjg"
uk¦g cpf fkuvtkdwvkqp qh vjgug dtkijv cpf fctm ctgcu vq
Tcfkqnqikuv"eqorctgu"vjg"uk¦g"cpf"fkuvtkdwvkqp"qh"
fgvgtokpg"yjgvjgt"vjg"vkuuwg"ku"jgcnvj{0
vjgug"dtkijv"cpf"fctm"ctgcu"vq"fgvgtokpg"yjgvjgt"
vjg"vkuuwg"ku"jgcnvj{0""
Dqf{
Dqf{
Pgctn{ gxgt{ rctv qh vjg dqf{ oc{ dg uvwfkgf ykvj
OTK0 Qticpu
ykvjkp
ejguvdqf{"
cpf cdfqogp.
uwej cu
Pgctn{"
gxgt{"
rctv" vjg
qh" vjg"
oc{" dg" uvwfkgf"
vjg jgctv. nkxgt. dncffgt. cdfqogp cpf mkfpg{u ecp
ykvj"OTK0"Qticpu"ykvjkp"vjg"ejguv"cpf"cdfqogp."
uwej"
cu" vjg" jgctv." nkxgt." dncffgt." cdfqogp" cpf"
gcukn{"dg"uggp0
mkfpg{u"ecp"gcukn{"dg"uggp0
Dqpg"cpf"Lqkpvu
Dqpg"cpf"Lqkpvu
OTK ku xgt{ ugpukvkxg vq ejcpigu kp ectvkncig cpf dqpg
uvtwevwtgu tguwnvkpi htqo kplwt{. fkugcug qt cikpi0
OTK"ku"xgt{"ugpukvkxg"vq"ejcpigu"kp"ectvkncig"cpf"
dqpg"
uvtwevwtgu"
htqo"rtqxkfg
kplwt{."kphqtocvkqp
fkugcug" qt"
Engct rkevwtgu
uwejtguwnvkpi"
cu vjgug qhvgp
cikpi0"Engct"rkevwtgu"uwej"cu"vjgug"qhvgp"rtqxkfg"
pqv cxckncdng vjtqwij qvjgt ogfkecn kpxguvkicvkqp
kphqtocvkqp"pqv"cxckncdng"vjtqwij"qvjgt"ogfkecn"
cpf oc{ cevwcnn{ gnkokpcvg vjg pggf hqt gzrnqtcvqt{
kpxguvkicvkqp"cpf"oc{"cevwcnn{"gnkokpcvg"vjg"pggf"
uwtigt{0
hqt"gzrnqtcvqt{"uwtigt{0
8"̋"Tcfkqnqi{" OTK
Vjg"pgy"Jqtk¦qp"kp"OTK"kocikpi"
Ñykfg"Dqtg"5V"OTKÒ
Qwt" tgegpv" xcnwcdng" cffkvkqp" hqt" cfxcpegf"
vgejpqnqi{" kocikpi" ku" vjg" OCIPGVQO" Xgtkq."
c" 5" Vgunc" *5V+" OTK" u{uvgo" ykvj" c" 92" eo" qrgp"
dqtg"cpf"vqvcn"kocikpi"ocvtkz"*Vko+"vgejpqnqi{."
vjg" u{uvgo" fgukipgf" vq" fgnkxgt" jkij/Þ"gnf" OT"
kocikpi" vq" rcvkgpvu" yjq" ctg" encwuvtqrjqdke." kp"
rckp"qt"fkueqohqtv"
5V" OTK." ecp" dg" wugf" hqt" ocp{" crrnkecvkqpu."
kpenwfkpi" pgwtqnqi{" cpf" hwpevkqpcn" pgwtq"
gxcnwcvkqp." qpeqnqi{" kocikpi." qtvjqrgfke"
cpf" ectvkncig" cuuguuogpv." dtgcuv." xcuewnct" cpf"
ectfkce" kocikpi0" Vjg" 5V" u{uvgo" tgrqtvgfn{"
qrvkok¦gu"rctcnngn"kocikpi."ceegngtcvgu"uecp"vkog"
cpf" kortqxgu" xkuwcnk¦cvkqp" cu" ygnn" cu" rcvkgpv"
vjtqwijrwv0
Vjg" nctigt" urceg" *ykfg" dqtg+" yknn" cnuq" jgnr"
yjgp" kocikpi" encwuvtqrjqdke" rcvkgpvu" dgecwug"
hgygt" rcvkgpvu" yknn" pggf" ugfcvkqp" qt" tghwug" OT"
kocikpi" ugtxkegu0" Rcvkgpv" ceeguu" ku" gpjcpegf" hqt"
dqvj" kpvgpukxg" ectg" rcvkgpvu" cpf" OTK/iwkfgf"
kpvgtxgpvkqpcn"rtqegfwtgu
5V" OTK" ykvj" vjg" rqygt" qh" Vko" jcu" wr" vq" 324"
ugconguun{" kpvgitcvgf" ocvtkz" eqkn" gngogpvu" cpf"
wr" vq" 54" kpfgrgpfgpv" tcfkqhtgswgpe{" ejcppgnu."
gpcdnkpi" cfxcpegf" enkpkecn" crrnkecvkqpu0" Vko"
cnnqyu"eqodkpcvkqpu"qh"wr"vq"hqwt"fkhhgtgpv"eqknu"
vjcv"tgfweg"vjg"gzcokpcvkqp"vkog0"
Ectfkce"OTK
Ocipgvke" Tguqpcpeg" Kocikpi" *OTK+" wugu"
tcfkqhtgswgpe{" ycxgu" cpf" c" uvtqpi" ocipgvke"
Þ"gnf" tcvjgt" vjcp" z/tc{u" vq" rtqxkfg" tgoctmcdn{"
Fkcipquvke"Kocikpi"Ugtxkegu OTK"̋"9
Ectfkce"OTK
engct"cpf"fgvckngf"rkevwtgu"qh"kpvgtpcn"qticpu"cpf"
Ocipgvke
Tguqpcpeg
Kocikpi
*OTK+
wugu
vkuuwgu0"Vjg"rtqegfwtg"ku"xcnwcdng"kp"fkcipqukpi"c"
tcfkqhtgswgpe{ ycxgu cpf c uvtqpi ocipgvke Þgnf"
dtqcf"tcpig"qh"eqpfkvkqpu"kp"cnn"rctvu"qh"vjg"dqf{."
tcvjgt vjcp z/tc{u vq rtqxkfg tgoctmcdn{ engct cpf
uwej"cu"jgctv"cpf"xcuewnct"fkugcug."uvtqmg."ecpegt"
fgvckngf rkevwtgu qh kpvgtpcn qticpu cpf vkuuwgu0 Vjg
cpf"lqkpv"cpf"owuewnqumgngvcn"fkuqtfgtu0"
rtqegfwtg ku xcnwcdng kp fkcipqukpi c dtqcf tcpig
qh eqpfkvkqpu kp cnn rctvu qh vjg dqf{. uwej cu jgctv
OTK" ku" wpkswg" kp" vjcv" kv" ecp" cnuq" etgcvg" fgvckngf"
cpf xcuewnct fkugcug. uvtqmg. ecpegt cpf lqkpv cpf
kocigu"qh"dnqqf"xguugnu"ykvjqwv"vjg"wug"qh"eqpvtcuv"
owuewnqumgngvcn"fkuqtfgtu0
ocvgtkcn"*cnvjqwij"vjgtg"ku"c"vtgpf"vqyctf"vjg"wug"qh"
urgekcn"pqp/kqfkpcvgf"OTK"eqpvtcuv"ocvgtkcnÐhqt"
OTK ku wpkswg kp vjcv kv ecp cnuq etgcvg fgvckngf kocigu
gzcorng." icfqnkpkwo+0" OTK" tgswktgu" urgekcnkugf"
qh dnqqf xguugnu ykvjqwv vjg wug qh eqpvtcuv ocvgtkcn"
gswkrogpv" cpf" gzrgtvkug" cpf" cnnqyu" gxcnwcvkqp"
*cnvjqwij vjgtg ku c vtgpf vqyctf vjg wug qh urgekcn"
qh"uqog"dqf{"uvtwevwtgu"vjcv"oc{"pqv"dg"cu"xkukdng"
pqp/kqfkpcvgf OTK eqpvtcuv ocvgtkcnÐhqt gzcorng."
ykvj"qvjgt"kocikpi"ogvjqfu0"
icfqnkpkwo+0 OTK tgswktgu urgekcnkugf gswkrogpv
cpf gzrgtvkug cpf cnnqyu gxcnwcvkqp qh uqog dqf{
Yjcv"ctg"uqog"eqooqp"wugu"qh"Ectfkce"OTKA"
uvtwevwtgu vjcv oc{ pqv dg cu xkukdng ykvj qvjgt
kocikpi"ogvjqfu0"
OTK" ku" dgeqokpi" xgt{" korqtvcpv" kp" vjg" kpkvkcn"
fkcipquku" cpf" uwdugswgpv" ocpcigogpv" qh"
Yjcv"ctg"uqog"eqooqp"wugu"qh"Ectfkce"OTKA"
eqtqpct{"jgctv"fkugcug0"OTK"ecp"jgnr"rj{ukekcpu"
OTK
ku dgeqokpi xgt{ korqtvcpv kp vjg kpkvkcn"
vq"nqqm"enqugn{"cv"vjg"uvtwevwtgu"cpf"hwpevkqp"qh"vjg"
fkcipquku
cpf
uwdugswgpv
ocpcigogpv
qh
jgctv"cpf"oclqt"xguugnu"swkemn{"cpf"vjqtqwijn{."
eqtqpct{
jgctv
fkugcug0
OTK
ecp
jgnr
rj{ukekcpu
vq
ykvjqwv"vjg"tkumu"cuuqekcvgf"ykvj"vtcfkvkqpcn."oqtg"
nqqm
enqugn{
cv vjg uvtwevwtgu
cpf
hwpevkqp
qh vjg jgctv
kpxcukxg"
rtqegfwtgu0"
Wukpi"
OTK."
rj{ukekcpu"
ecp"
cpf
oclqt
xguugnu
swkemn{
cpf
vjqtqwijn{.
ykvjqwv
gzcokpg" vjg" uk¦g" cpf" vjkempguu" qh" vjg" ejcodgtu"
vjg
tkumu cuuqekcvgf ykvj vtcfkvkqpcn. oqtg kpxcukxg
qh"vjg"jgctv."cpf"fgvgtokpg"vjg"gzvgpv"qh"fcocig"
rtqegfwtgu0
OTK.
rj{ukekcpu
ecp gzcokpg
vjg
ecwugf" d{" Wukpi
c" jgctv"
cvvcem"
qt" rtqitguukxg"
jgctv"
uk¦g
cpf vjkempguu qh vjg ejcodgtu qh vjg jgctv. cpf
fkugcug0"
fgvgtokpg vjg gzvgpv qh fcocig ecwugf d{ c jgctv
cvvcem"qt"rtqitguukxg"jgctv"fkugcug0"
Chvgt" c" jgctv" cvvcem." hqt" gzcorng." cp" OTK"
gzcokpcvkqp"ecp"jgnr"vjg"ectfkqnqikuv"wpfgtuvcpf"
Chvgt c jgctv cvvcem. hqt gzcorng. cp OTK
jqy"ygnn"vjg"jgctv"ku"rworkpi."yjgvjgt"vjg"à"qy"
gzcokpcvkqp ecp jgnr vjg ectfkqnqikuv wpfgtuvcpf jqy
qh" dnqqf" ku" dnqemgf" kp" cp{" ejcodgt" qt" oclqt"
ygnn vjg jgctv ku rworkpi. yjgvjgt vjg àqy qh dnqqf"
xguugn." yjgvjgt" vjg" jgctv" owuengu" ctg" fcocigf"
ku dnqemgf kp cp{ ejcodgt qt oclqt xguugn. yjgvjgt vjg
qt" yjgvjgt" vjg" nkpkpi" qh" vjg" jgctv" ku" uygnnkpi0"
jgctv owuengu ctg fcocigf qt yjgvjgt vjg nkpkpi qh
Vjku" etkvkecn" mpqyngfig" ku" pggfgf" vq" cfokpkuvgt"
vjg jgctv ku uygnnkpi0 Vjku etkvkecn mpqyngfig ku pggfgf
rtqorv"cpf"ghhgevkxg"vtgcvogpv0
vq"cfokpkuvgt"rtqorv"cpf"ghhgevkxg"vtgcvogpv0
Cp" OTK" urgekcnkuv" ecp" fgoqpuvtcvg" kvu" rqvgpvkcn"
:"̋"Tcfkqnqi{""Ectfkce"OTK
Cp OTK urgekcnkuv ecp fgoqpuvtcvg kvu rqvgpvkcn
hqt" ujqykpi" pqv" qpn{" vjg" uvtwevwtg." dwv" cnuq" vjg"
hqt ujqykpi pqv qpn{ vjg uvtwevwtg. dwv cnuq vjg
hwpevkqp"qh"vjg"jgctv"owuengu."xcnxgu"cpf"xguugnu0"
hwpevkqp qh vjg jgctv owuengu. xcnxgu cpf xguugnu0
Wukpi"OTK."vjg"vgejpqnqikuv"ecp"etgcvg"oqxkg/nkmg"
Wukpi OTK. vjg vgejpqnqikuv ecp etgcvg oqxkg/nkmg
kocigu"qh"vjg"dgcvkpi"jgctv"vjcv"fqevqtu"ecp"wug"
kocigu qh vjg dgcvkpi jgctv vjcv fqevqtu ecp wug vq
vq"fkcipqug"c"xctkgv{"qh"ectfkqxcuewnct"rtqdngou0"
fkcipqug c xctkgv{ qh ectfkqxcuewnct rtqdngou0 OTK ku
OTK"ku"pqy"dgkpi"wugf"cu"rctv"qh"vjg"vtcfkvkqpcn"
pqy dgkpi wugf cu rctv qh vjg vtcfkvkqpcn ectfkce uvtguu
ectfkce"uvtguu"vguv"vq"jgnr"rj{ukekcpu"ykvj"gctnkgt"
vguv vq jgnr rj{ukekcpu ykvj gctnkgt fkcipquku cpf
fkcipquku" cpf" vtgcvogpv" qh" jgctv" fkugcug" cpf" vq"
vtgcvogpv qh jgctv fkugcug cpf vq cuuguu vjg rcvkgpvÔu
cuuguu"vjg"rcvkgpvÔu"tgeqxgt{"chvgt"vtgcvogpv0
tgeqxgt{"chvgt"vtgcvogpv0
Jqy"ujqwnf"K"rtgrctg"hqt
"
Jqy ujqwnf K rtgrctg hqt
vjg"rtqegfwtgA"
vjg"rtqegfwtgA"
Fwg vq
Fwg"
vq" uvtqpi
uvtqpi"ocipgvke
ocipgvke"
Þgnf
wugf
hqt
Þ"gnf" wugf" hqt" OTK"OTK
vjcv"
vjcv yknn
qp cp{
yknn"
rwnn" rwnn
qp" cp{"
ktqp/
ktqp/eqpvckpkpi
qdlgev
eqpvckpkpi"
qdlgev"
kp" kp
vjg"
vjg dqf{.OT"
OT vgejpqnqikuv
dqf{."
vgejpqnqikuv"
yknn cum
yknn"
cum" yjgvjgt
yjgvjgt" {qw
{qw"
jcxg c jgctvrcegocmgt qt
jcxg"c"jgctvrcegocmgt"qt"
korncpvgf fgÞdtknncvqt.
korncpvgf rqtv. kphwukqp
korncpvgf"fgÞ
"dtknncvqt."korncpvgf"rqtv."kphwukqp"
ecvjgvgt *qhvgp tghgttgf vq d{ dtcpf pcogu uwej cu
ecvjgvgt"*qhvgp"tghgttgf"vq"d{"dtcpf"pcogu"uwej"cu"
Rqtv/q/ecvj. Kphwucrqtv
Nkhgrqtv+. kpvtcwvgtkpg"
kpvtcwvgtkpg
Rqtv/q/ecvj."
Kphwucrqtv" qt
qt" Nkhgrqtv+."
fgxkeg *KWF+.
cp{ ogvcn"
ogvcn rncvgu."
rncvgu. rkpu."
rkpu. uetgyu"
uetgyu
fgxkeg"
*KWF+." qt
qt" cp{"
qt
uwtikecn
uvcrngu
kp
{qwt
dqf{0
Kp
oquv
ecugu.
qt" uwtikecn" uvcrngu" kp" {qwt" dqf{0" Kp" oquv" ecugu."
uwtikecn uvcrngu. rncvgu. rkpu cpf uetgyu rqug pq tkum
uwtikecn"uvcrngu."rncvgu."rkpu"cpf"uetgyu"rqug"pq"
fwtkpi
OTK0 Tgf
f{gu
wugf
kp vcvvqqu
cpfvcvvqqu"
rgtocpgpv
tkum"
fwtkpi"
OTK0"
Tgf"
f{gu"
wugf" kp"
cpf"
g{gnkpgt oc{g{gnkpgt"
eqpvckp ogvcnnke
ktqp qzkfg
cpf eqwnf
rgtocpgpv"
oc{" eqpvckp"
ogvcnnke"
ktqp"
jgcv"wr"fwtkpi"OTK="jqygxgt."vjku"ku"tctg0
qzkfg"
cpf" eqwnf" jgcv" wr" fwtkpi" OTK=" jqygxgt."
vjku"ku"tctg0"
[qw yknn dg cumgf kh {qw jcxg ujtcrpgn kp {qwt dqf{
qt gxgt
yqtmgf
ogvcn0
Kh vjgtg kp"
ku {qwt"
cp{
[qw"
yknn" dg"
cumgf"ykvj
kh" {qw"
jcxg" ujtcrpgn"
swguvkqp
qh
ogvcn
htciogpvu.
{qw
oc{
dg
cumgf
dqf{"qt"gxgt"yqtmgf"ykvj"ogvcn0"Kh"vjgtg"ku"cp{"
vq jcxg qh"
cp ogvcn"
z/tc{htciogpvu."
vjcv yknn {qw"
fgvgev
cp{
ogvcn
swguvkqp"
oc{"
dg" cumgf"
qdlgevu0
Vjg
tcfkqnqikuv
qt
OT
vgejpqnqikuv
oc{
vq"jcxg"cp"z/tc{"vjcv"yknn"fgvgev"cp{"ogvcn"qdlgevu0"
cum cdqwv ftwi cnngtikgu cpf yjgvjgt {qw jcxg
Vjg"tcfkqnqikuv"qt"OT"vgejpqnqikuv"oc{"cum"cdqwv"
wpfgtiqpg cp{ uwtigt{ kp vjg rcuv0 Kh {qw ctg qt
ftwi"cnngtikgu"cpf"yjgvjgt"{qw"jcxg"wpfgtiqpg"
okijv"dg"rtgipcpv."ogpvkqp"kv"vq"vjg"OT"vgejpqnqikuv0
cp{"
uwtigt{" kp" vjg" rcuv0" Kh" {qw" ctg" qt" okijv" dg"
rtgipcpv."ogpvkqp"kv"vq"vjg"OT"vgejpqnqikuv0
Tcfkqnqi{ "Ectfkce"OTK"̋";
Jqy"ku"vjg"rtqegfwtg"rgthqtogfA"
Vjg" rcvkgpv" ku" rncegf" qp" c" unkfkpi" vcdng" cpf"
rqukvkqpgf"eqohqtvcdn{"hqt"vjg"OTK"gzcokpcvkqp0"
Vjgp" vjg" tcfkqnqikuv" cpf" vgejpqnqikuv" yknn" ngcxg"
vjg" tqqo." cpf" vjg" kpfkxkfwcn" OTK" ugswgpegu"
ctg" rgthqtogf0" Vjg" rcvkgpv" yknn" dg" cdng" vq"
eqoowpkecvg" ykvj" vjg" vgejpqnqikuv" cv" cp{" vkog"
d{"wukpi"cp"kpvgteqo0
Fgrgpfkpi"qp"jqy"ocp{"kocigu"ctg"pggfgf."vjg"
gzcokpcvkqp"yknn"igpgtcnn{"vcmg"37"vq"67"okpwvgu."
Vjg"pgy"rcvkgpv/htkgpfn{"OTK"U{uvgo"qh"LROE
cnvjqwij"c"xgt{"fgvckngf"uvwf{"oc{"vcmg"nqpigt0"
[qw"yknn"dg"cumgf"pqv"vq"oqxg"fwtkpi"vjg"cevwcn"
Jqy"ku"vjg"rtqegfwtg"rgthqtogfA"
kocikpi"rtqeguu0
Vjg
rcvkgpv ku rncegf qp c unkfkpi vcdng cpf
rqukvkqpgf eqohqtvcdn{ hqt vjg OTK gzcokpcvkqp0 Vjgp
Hqt"tcfkqnqikuv
gzcokpcvkqp"
vjg" jgctv."
eqpvtcuv"
ocvgtkcn"
vjg
cpf qh"
vgejpqnqikuv
yknn
ngcxg vjg
tqqo.
oc{"vjg
dg"kpfkxkfwcn
wugf" vq" gpjcpeg"
vjg" xkukdknkv{"
qh" vjg"
cpf
OTK ugswgpegu
ctg rgthqtogf0
Vjg
rcvkgpv
yknn dg cpf"
cdng vq
eqoowpkecvg
ykvj
vjg
jgctvÔu"
ejcodgtu"
oclqt"
xguugnu0" C"
uocnn"
vgejpqnqikuv"cv"cp{"vkog"d{"wukpi"cp"kpvgteqo0
pggfng"eqppgevgf"vq"cp"kpvtcxgpqwu"nkpg"ku"rncegf"
kp"cp"cto"qt"jcpf"xgkp0"C"ucnkpg"uqnwvkqp"yknn"ftkr"
Fgrgpfkpi
qpkpvtcxgpqwu"
jqy ocp{ nkpg"
kocigu
ctg pggfgf.
vjg
vjtqwij" vjg"
vq" rtgxgpv"
enqvvkpi"
gzcokpcvkqp
yknn igpgtcnn{ vcmg 37 vq 67 okpwvgu.
wpvkn"vjg"eqpvtcuv"ocvgtkcn"ku"kplgevgf."cdqwv"vyq/
cnvjqwij
c
xgt{
fgvckngf uvwf{ oc{ vcmg nqpigt0 [qw
vjktfu"qh"vjg"yc{"vjtqwij"vjg"gzco0"
yknn dg cumgf pqv vq oqxg fwtkpi vjg cevwcn kocikpi
rtqeguu0
Yjgp"vjg"gzcokpcvkqp"ku"qxgt."vjg"rcvkgpv"yknn"dg"
cumgf" vq" yckv" wpvkn" vjg" kocigu" ctg" gzcokpgf" vq"
Hqt
gzcokpcvkqp qh vjg jgctv. eqpvtcuv ocvgtkcn
fgvgtokpg"kh"oqtg"kocigu"ctg"pggfgf0"
oc{ dg wugf vq gpjcpeg vjg xkukdknkv{ qh vjg jgctvÔu
ejcodgtu cpf oclqt xguugnu0 C uocnn pggfng
Yjq" kpvgtrtgvu" vjg" tguwnvu" cpf" jqy" fq" K" igv"
eqppgevgf vq cp kpvtcxgpqwu nkpg ku rncegf kp cp cto
vjgoA"
qt jcpf xgkp0 C ucnkpg uqnwvkqp yknn ftkr vjtqwij
C" tcfkqnqikuv."
ku" c"
rj{ukekcp"
gzrgtkgpegf"
vjg
kpvtcxgpqwu yjq"
nkpg vq
rtgxgpv
enqvvkpi
wpvkn vjg
kp"
OTK"
cpf"
qvjgt"
tcfkqnqi{"
gzcokpcvkqpu."
eqpvtcuv ocvgtkcn ku kplgevgf. cdqwv vyq/vjktfu qh yknn"
vjg
cpcn{ug"vjg"kocigu"cpf"rtgrctg"vjg"tgrqtv"vqigvjgt"
yc{"vjtqwij"vjg"gzco0"
ykvj"c"vtckpgf"Ectfkqnqikuv
Yjgp vjg gzcokpcvkqp ku qxgt. vjg rcvkgpv yknn dg cumgf
vq yckv wpvkn vjg kocigu ctg gzcokpgf vq fgvgtokpg kh
oqtg"kocigu"ctg"pggfgf0"
32"̋"Tcfkqnqi{""Ectfkce"OTK
Yjq"kpvgtrtgvu"vjg"tguwnvu"cpf"jqy"fq"K"igv"vjgoA"
Yjcv"ctg"vjg"dgpgÞvuA""
C tcfkqnqikuv. yjq ku c rj{ukekcp gzrgtkgpegf kp OTK
̋" qvjgt
Kocigu"qh"uqhv/vkuuwg"uvtwevwtgu"uwej"cu"vjg"
cpf
tcfkqnqi{ gzcokpcvkqpu. yknn cpcn{ug vjg
kocigujgctv"cpf"oclqt"xguugnu"ctg"engctgt"cpf"oqtg"
cpf rtgrctg vjg tgrqtv vqigvjgt ykvj c vtckpgf
fgvckngf"vjcp"htqo"qvjgt"kocikpi"ogvjqfu0"
Ectfkqnqikuv
̋" Vjg"Þpfkpiu"qp"OTK"ocmgu"kv"cp"kpxcnwcdng"
Yjcv"ctg"vjg"dgpgÞvuA"
kp"qhgctn{"
fgvgevkqp"
cpf"uwej
gxcnwcvkqp"
qh"
̋ vqqn"
Kocigu
uqhv/vkuuwg
uvtwevwtgu
cu vjg jgctv
ocp{"fkugcugu0
cpf oclqt xguugnu ctg engctgt cpf oqtg fgvckngf
vjcp"htqo"qvjgt"kocikpi"ogvjqfu0"
̋" Gxgp" ykvjqwv" vjg" wug" qh" eqpvtcuv" ocvgtkcn."
̋ OTK"
Vjg Þpfkpiu
qp OTK ocmgu
kv cp fgvcknu"
kpxcnwcdng
qhvgp" ujqyu"
uwhÞekgpv"
qh"vqqn
vjg"
kp
gctn{
fgvgevkqp
cpf
gxcnwcvkqp
qh
ocp{
jgctv"yjkej"ctg"kpxcnwcdng"kp"fkcipquku"cpf"
fkugcugu0
vtgcvogpv"rncppkpi0
Gxgp ykvjqwv
vjg wug
qh eqpvtcuv
ocvgtkcn.
OTK
̋"̋ Yjgp"
kv" ku" wugf."
OTK"
eqpvtcuv"
ocvgtkcn"
ku"
qhvgp
ujqyu
uwhÞekgpv
fgvcknu
qh
vjg
jgctv
yjkej
nguu" nkmgn{" vq" rtqfweg" cp" cnngtike" tgcevkqp"
ctg kpxcnwcdng kp fkcipquku cpf vtgcvogpv
vjcp"
vjg" kqfkpg/dcugf" ocvgtkcnu" wugf" hqt"
rncppkpi0
eqpxgpvkqpcn" z/tc{u" cpf" EV" uecppkpi" cpf"
̋ fqgu"pqv"eqpvckp"vjg"tcfkqkuqvqrgu"wugf"kp"
Yjgp kv ku wugf. OTK eqpvtcuv ocvgtkcn ku nguu
nkmgn{ vq rtqfweg cp cnngtike tgcevkqp vjcp vjg
pwengct"ogfkekpg"gzcokpcvkqpu0
kqfkpg/dcugf ocvgtkcnu wugf hqt eqpxgpvkqpcn
̋" OTK"gpcdngu"vjg"fgvgevkqp"qh"cdpqtocnkvkgu"
z/tc{u cpf EV uecppkpi cpf fqgu pqv eqpvckp
vjg tcfkqkuqvqrgu wugf kp pwengct ogfkekpg
vjcv"okijv"dg"qduewtgf"d{"dqpg"vkuuwg"ykvj"
gzcokpcvkqpu0
qvjgt"kocikpi"ogvjqfu0"
OTK gpcdngu
vjg fgvgevkqp
qh cdpqtocnkvkgu
̋"̋ OTK"
ecp" jgnr"
rj{ukekcpu"
gxcnwcvg" vjcv
vjg"
okijv
dg
qduewtgf
d{
dqpg
vkuuwg
qvjgt
hwpevkqp" cpf" vjg" uvtwevwtg" qh" ykvj
vjg" jgctv"
kocikpi"ogvjqfu0"
owuengu"cpf"xcnxgu0
OTK ecp jgnr rj{ukekcpu gxcnwcvg vjg hwpevkqp
̋"̋ OTK"fqgu"pqv"tgswktg"gzrquwtg"vq"tcfkcvkqp"
cpf vjg uvtwevwtg qh vjg jgctv owuengu cpf
qt" vjg" kpvtqfwevkqp" qh" tcfkqkuqvqrgu" vq" vjg"
xcnxgu0
dqf{0"
̋ OTK fqgu pqv tgswktg gzrquwtg vq tcfkcvkqp qt
vjg"kpvtqfwevkqp"qh"tcfkqkuqvqrgu"vq"vjg"dqf{0
Yjcv"ctg"vjg"nkokvcvkqpu"qh"c"Ectfkce"OTKA
Kp"oquv"ecugu."vjg"gzco"ku"uchg"hqt"rcvkgpvu"ykvj"
Yjcv"ctg"vjg"nkokvcvkqpu"qh"c"Ectfkce"OTKA
ogvcn"
gzegrvkqp"
qh" c"ykvj
hgy"
Kp oquvkorncpvu."
ecugu. vjgykvj"
gzcovjg"
ku uchg
hqt rcvkgpvu
v{rgu"qh"korncpvu."uq"rcvkgpvu"ujqwnf"kphqto"vjg"
ogvcn
korncpvu. ykvj vjg gzegrvkqp qh c hgy v{rgu qh
vgejpqnqikuv"
qh" cp" ujqwnf
korncpv"
rtkqt"vjg
vq"vgejpqnqikuv
vjg" vguv0" Vjg"
korncpvu.
uq rcvkgpvu
kphqto
qh
gzcokpcvkqp"
owuv"
dg"
wugf"
ecwvkqwun{"
kp"
gctn{"
cp korncpv rtkqt vq vjg vguv0 Vjg gzcokpcvkqp owuv dg
rtgipcpe{0"
wugf"ecwvkqwun{"kp"gctn{"rtgipcpe{0
Tcfkqnqi{ "Ectfkce"OTK"̋"33
DTGCUV"OTK
OT"OCOOQITCRJ[
O T K""QH """V JG"""DT GC UV " "ku"""pqv"""c"""uwduvkvwvg"""hqt"
ocooqitcrj{ qt wnvtcuqwpf kocikpi dwv tcvjgt ku
c uwrrngogpvct{ vqqn hqt fgvgevkpi cpf uvcikpi
dtgcuv"ecpegt"cpf"qvjgt"dtgcuv"cdpqtocnkvkgu0
OT kocikpi fqgu pqv kpxqnxg tcfkcvkqp. vjg
rtqegfwtg ecp dg wugf vq uetggp yqogp dgnqy 62
{gctu qnf cpf vq kpetgcug vjg pwodgt qh uetggpkpiu
rgt"{gct"hqt"yqogp"cv"jkij"tkum"hqt"dtgcuv"ecpegt0
OTK"ku"wugf"vq<
̋ Gxcnwcvg""cp{""cdpqtocnkvkgu""fgvgevgf""d{
ocooqitcrj{0
̋ Kfgpvkh{ gctn{ dtgcuv ecpegt pqv fgvgevgf
vjtqwij qvjgt ogcpu. gurgekcnn{ kp yqogp
ykvj fgpug dtgcuv vkuuwg cpf vjqug cv jkij
tkum"hqt"vjg"fkugcug0
̋ Uetggp hqt ecpegt kp yqogp yjq jcxg
korncpvu qt uect vkuuwg vjcv okijv lgqrctfkug
cp"ceewtcvg"tguwnv"htqo"c"ocooqitco0
̋ Fgvgtokpg"vjg"kpvgitkv{"qh"dtgcuv"korncpvu0"
̋ Fkuvkpiwkuj dgvyggp uect vkuuwg cpf tgewttgpv
vwoqtu0
̋ Cuuguu"ownvkrng"vwoqwt"nqecvkqpu0"
̋ Ejgem"vjg"rtqitguu"qh"ejgoqvjgtcr{0
̋ Nqqm hqt ownvkrng vwoqwtu rtkqt vq dtgcuv
eqpugtxcvkqp"uwtigt{0
̋ Fgvgtokpg yjgvjgt vjg ecpegt fgvgevgf d{
ocooqitcrj{ qt wnvtcuqwpf jcu urtgcf
hwtvjgt"kp"vjg"dtgcuv"qt"kpvq"vjg"ejguv"ycnn0
̋ Fgvgtokpg jqy owej vjg ecpegt jcu urtgcf
dg{qpf vjg uwtikecn ukvg chvgt c dtgcuv dkqru{
qt"nworgevqo{0
̋ Rtqxkfg cffkvkqpcn kphqtocvkqp qp c fkugcugf
dtgcuv"vq"ocmg"vtgcvogpv"fgekukqpu0
Tcfkqnqi{ "Dtgcuv"OTK ̋"35
DgpgÞvu<
̋ OTK jcu dggp ujqyp vq fgvgev uocnn dtgcuv
ngukqpu vjcv ctg uqogvkogu okuugf d{
ocooqitcrj{0
̋ OTK ecp uweeguuhwnn{ kocig fgpug dtgcuv.
eqooqpn{ kp {qwpigt yqogp. cu ygnn cu
dtgcuv"korncpvu0"
̋ OTK eqpvtcuv ocvgtkcn ku nguu nkmgn{ vq rtqfweg
cp cnngtike tgcevkqp vjcp vjg kqfkpg/dcugf
ocvgtkcnu wugf hqt eqpxgpvkqpcn z/tc{u cpf
EV"uecppkpi0"
̋ OTK ku c pqp/kpxcukxg kocikpi vgejpkswg vjcv
fqgu"pqv"tgswktg"gzrquwtg"vq"tcfkcvkqp0"
̋ OTK rtqxkfgu oqtg engct cpf fgvckngf kocigu
qh vjg uqhv/vkuuwg uvtwevwtgu qh vjg dqf{
vjcp qvjgt kocikpi ogvjqfu0 Vjg fgvckn
ocmgu OTK cp kpxcnwcdng vqqn kp gctn{
fkcipquku"cpf"gxcnwcvkqp"qh"vwoqwtu0
Ykvjqwv eqpvtcuv ocvgtkcn. cp OTK qh vjg dtgcuv ecp"ujqy<"
̋ Dtgcuv"vkuuwg"fgpukv{0
̋ E{uvu0
̋ Gpnctigf"fwevu0"
̋ Jgocvqocu0
̋ Ngcmkpi"qt"twrvwtgf"dtgcuv"korncpvu0
36"̋"Tcfkqnqi{""Dtgcuv"OTK
D{""eqorctkpi""dtgcuv""kocigu""vcmgp""dghqtg""cpf""chvgt
eqpvtcuv"ocvgtkcn"kplgevkqp."cp"OTK"gzcokpcvkqp"""ecp
fgvgtokpg<
̋ Kh"vjgtg"ctg"dtgcuv"cdpqtocnkvkgu0"
̋ Yjgvjgt cp cdpqtocnkv{ nqqmu dgpkip *pqp/
ecpegtqwu+"qt"ocnkicpv"*ecpegtqwu+0
̋ Vjg uk¦g cpf nqecvkqp qh cp{ cdpqtocnkv{ vjcv
nqqmu"ocnkipcpv0"
̋ Vjg"rtgugpeg"qh"gpnctigf"n{orj"pqfgu0
Ocipgvke Tguqpcpeg *OT+ Kocikpi qh Dtgcuv Korncpvu
OT kocikpi qh vjg dtgcuvu *cnuq ecnngf OT
Ocooqitcrj{ qt Dtgcuv OTK+ ecp dg wugf vq kocig
dtgcuv korncpvu vq ejgem hqt twrvwtgu qt ngcmu0 OT
kocikpi oc{ cnuq dg wugf cu cp cflwpevkxg vqqn
vq eqpxgpvkqpcn ocooqitcrj{ hqt yqogp ykvj
korncpvu0
OT ocooqitcrj{ ecp kocig vjg dtgcuv vkuuwg vjcv
ku eqortguugf d{ cp korncpv0 Ocipgvke tguqpcpeg
ku vjg kocikpi ogvjqf qh ejqkeg vq gxcnwcvg dtgcuv
korncpvu cpf vq ejgem hqt twrvwtgu qt ngcmu0 OT
kocikpi rtqxkfgu xgt{ iqqf urcvkcn tguqnwvkqp
*fgvckn+ cpf gzegnngpv eqpvtcuv tguqnwvkqp cpf gpcdngu
OT"vq"engctn{"xkuwcnkug"korncpv"eqpfkvkqp0
Tcfkqnqi{ "Dtgcuv"OTK ̋"37
OWNVK/UNKEG
*86/UNKEG+
EV"UECPPKPI
Yjcv"ku"EV"Uecppkpi
EV *Eqorwvgtkugf Vqoqitcrj{ qt Eqorwvgf
Vqoqitcrj{+ uecppkpi. yjkej ku cnuq mpqyp cu ECV
uecppkpi. ku cp cfxcpegf uecp qh etquu/ugevkqpcn
kocigu qh vjg yjqng dqf{ uwej cu jgcf. ejguv.
cdfqogp"cpf"urkpg"cu"ygnn"qvjgt"uocnn"dqf{"rctvu0
Qhhgtkpi"Pgy"Ngxgnu"qh"Gzegnngpeg"kp"EV"
Vjg UQOCVQO Ugpucvkqp 86/Unkeg EV Uecppgt
vcmgu uecppkpi vq pgy ngxgnu. gornq{kpi vjg ncvguv
cpf hcuvguv vgejpqnqi{ vq etgcvg engct. fgvckngf
kocigu qh {qwt dqf{ vjcv yknn jgnr {qwt fqevqt
ocmg vjg dguv fkcipquku cpf vtgcvogpv hqt {qw0
Qvjgt ecrcdknkvkgu kpenwfg vjg cdknkv{ vq rgthqto
rSEV *quvgqrqtquku gxcnwcvkqp+ cpf fgpvcn EV *fgpvcn
korncpvu+0
Vjg 86/unkeg EV uecppgt qdvckpu 86 unkegu rgt
tqvcvkqp ykvj wpocvejgf ujctrpguu. fgvckn. enctkv{
cpf urggf0 Ykvj vjku uecppgt. rcvkgpvu yknn dg cdng vq
gzrgtkgpeg c oqtg eqohqtvcdng cpf ujqtvgt
gzcokpcvkqp0 Rcvkgpvu yknn cnuq dgpgÞv htqo vjg
uwrgtkqt fkcipquvke kocikpi swcnkv{ vjcv ecp jgnr
fgvgev ocp{ fkugcugu cpf eqpfkvkqpu gctnkgt *kpenwfkpi
jgctv fkugcug+. ngcfkpi vq c hcuvgt cpf oqtg ghhgevkxg
vtgcvogpv0
Yjkng vjg vtcfkvkqpcn ogvjqf qh kfgpvkh{kpi
jgctv fkugcug jcu dggp ectfkce ecvjgvgtkucvkqp.
vjg 86/unkeg EV uecppkpi gpcdngu rj{ukekcpu vq
xkuwcnkug c rcvkgpvÔu ctvgtkgu ykvjqwv vjg rqvgpvkcn
eqornkecvkqpu cuuqekcvgf ykvj oqtg kpxcukxg
Tcfkqnqi{ "Ownvk/Unkeg"*86/unkeg+"EV"Uecppkpi"̋"39
fkcipquvke
gzcokpcvkqpu0
Ykvj c 86/unkeg EV uecp.
tcfkqnqikuvu
ecp
engctn{
ugg kh vjgtg ku uqhv rncswg.
ctvgtkcn uvgpquku *pcttqykpi+
qt dnqemcigu kp c rcvkgpvÔu
jgctv ctvgtkgu. cpf qvjgt gctn{ yctpkpi ukipu qh
ectfkqxcuewnct"fkugcug0
C"Pgy"Ngxgn"qh"Urggf
̋ Gpikpggtgf hqt urggf cpf ceewtce{. cp
gzcokpcvkqp ecp vcmg cu nkvvng cu 32 okpwvgu.
htqo uecp vq fkcipquku0 , Rtgxkqwun{. rcvkgpvu
uwurgevgf qh jgctv cvvcem okijv wpfgtiq c
uvtguu vguv. GMI uvwf{. cpf dnqqf vguvkpi.
yjkej"eqwnf"vcmg"owej"nqpigt0
̋ Cnnqyu fqevqtu vq gxcnwcvg vjg oquv eqooqp
ecwugu"qh"cewvg"ejguv"rckp"ykvj"c"ukping"uecp0"
̋ Rgtokvu uqog rcvkgpvu vq cxqkf uwtikecn
rtqegfwtgu"uwej"cu"ectfkce"ecvjgvgtkucvkqp0
C"Pgy"Ngxgn"qh"Eqohqtv
̋ 86/unkeg vgejpqnqi{ tgswktgu vjcv {qw jqnf
{qwt dtgcvj hqt ujqtvgt rgtkqfu vjcp vjg qnfgt
38/unkeg vgejpqnqi{Ðhqt gzcorng. c uecp qh
vjg dnqqf xguugnu kp {qwt jgctv pqy tgswktgu
vjcv {qw jqnf {qwt dtgcvj hqt ; ugeqpfu.
eqorctgf vq 39 ugeqpfu ykvj vjg 38/unkeg
gswkrogpv0
C"Pgy"Ngxgn"qh"Enctkv{
̋ Rtqxkfgu gzegnngpv kocig swcnkv{. tgictfnguu qh
{qwt"uk¦g"cpf"ygkijv0"
̋ Kocigu vjg dgcvkpi jgctv kp tgcn vkog.
rgtokvvkpi gxcnwcvkqp qh kvu xcnxgu cpf vjg
oqvkqp"qh"kvu"ycnnu"kp"itgcvgt"fgvckn0
3:"̋"Tcfkqnqi{""Ownvk/Unkeg"*86/unkeg+"EV"Uecppkpi
C"Pgy"Ngxgn"qh"Xgtucvknkv{
̋ Vjg UQOCVQO Ugpucvkqp 86 ecp cnuq dg wugf
yjgp"uvwf{kpi<"
" " R Ectfkqxcuewnct
eqpfkvkqpu.
uvtqmg"cpf"dnqqf"enqvu0"
" " R Qvjgt eqpfkvkqpu
eqnqp."qt"nwpiu0
kpxqnxkpi
kpenwfkpi
vjg
dtckp.
Yjcv"[qw"FqpÔv"Mpqy"Ecp"Jwtv"[qw
Mpqykpi yjcvÔu jcrrgpkpi kp {qwt dqf{ ecp ucxg
{qwt nkhg0 Vjg cfxcpegf fkcipquvke kocikpi qh vjg
pgy UQOCVQO Ugpucvkqp 86 EV Uecppgt cv
LROE tgxgcnu engct. ujctr rkevwtgu qh {qwt qticpu.
vkuuwg cpf dnqqf xguugnu fqyp vq vjg uocnnguv
fgvckn"Ï"cnn"kp"cu"nkvvng"cu"32"ugeqpfu0
Vjg UQOCVQO Ugpucvkqp 86 EV Uecppgt qhhgtu
rcvkgpvu<
̋ Eqorngvgn{ pqp/kpxcukxg. rckpnguu fkcipquvke
gzcokpcvkqp"qh"vjg"jgctv0
̋ C ngxgn qh enctkv{ cpf fgvckn qh vjg jgctv
rtgxkqwun{ qpn{ rquukdng ykvj cp kpxcukxg
rtqegfwtg0
̋ Tqwvkpg EV uecpu yjkej ctg cdng vq fgvgev uqhv
rncswgu0
Tcfkqnqi{ "Ownvk/Unkeg"*86/unkeg+"EV"Uecppkpi"̋"3;
Rtgrctcvkqp"hqt"vjg"rtqegfwtg
Vjg rcvkgpv ku wuwcnn{ cumgf vq hcuv 5/6 jqwtu dghqtg
vjg EV gzcokpcvkqp kp ecug kpvtcxgpqwu eqpvtcuv
pggfu vq dg kplgevgf vq hceknkvcvg c engctgt xkgy qh
vjg qticpu dgkpi uvwfkgf0 Vjg eqpvtcuv ku c
eqnqwtnguu. pqp/kqpke cigpv àwkf. yjkej ku kplgevgf
xkc c xgkp *cto qt ngi+0 Vjku oc{ ecwug c ycto qt
àwujgf ugpucvkqp0 Qtcn eqpvtcuv cigpv oc{ cnuq dg
cfokpkuvgtgf. gurgekcnn{ hqt cdfqogp cpf rgnxke
uecpu0
Kh eqpvtcuv cigpvu ctg tgswktgf. vjg rcvkgpv yknn
dg dtkghgf cpf cp{ cnngtikgu vq hqqf qt ogfkekpg
yknn dg cuegtvckpgf0 Rtguetkdgf ogfkecvkqp oc{ dg
cfokpkuvgtgf dwv kpuwnkp vtgcvogpv hqt fkcdgvkeu
ujqwnf dg fgnc{gf wpvkn vjg rcvkgpv tguwogu hqqf
eqpuworvkqp"kp"qtfgt"vq"cxqkf"cp"kpuwnkp"tgcevkqp0
Vjg rcvkgpv yknn cnuq ejcpig kpvq c jqurkvcn iqyp
cpf tgoqxg kvgou uwej cu incuugu. lgygnngt{. fgpvwtgu
cpf"jgctkpi"ckfu"gve."yjkej"kpvgthgtg"ykvj"vjg"z/tc{0
Chvgt"vjg"EV"Gzcokpcvkqp"
Hqnnqykpi vjg EV gzcokpcvkqp. vjg rcvkgpv ku tgswktgf
vq uvc{ qp vjg EV vcdng wpvkn vjg tcfkqitcrjgt eqpÞtou"
vjg pgeguuct{ gzcokpcvkqp jcu dggp qdvckpgf0 Vjg
rcvkgpv ecp vjgp tgvwtp vq vjg yctf qt jqog0
Wpnguu vjgtg ctg qvjgt uecpu uejgfwngf. vjg rcvkgpv
oc{ gcv pqtocn hqqf cpf ujqwnf ftkpm rngpv{ qh
àwkf"vq"gnkokpcvg"cp{"eqpvtcuv"cigpv"htqo"vjg"dqf{0
Ctg"vjgtg"cp{"tkumu"ykvj"EV"UecppkpiA
EV uecppkpi ku c ogfkecn kocikpi rtqegfwtg
rgthqtogf vq ickp hwtvjgt kphqtocvkqp cdqwv c
rcvkgpvÔu knnpguu0 Vjg tkum htqo ogfkecn z/tc{
gzcokpcvkqpu. kh kv gzkuvu cv cnn. ku gzvtgogn{ uocnn0
Vjg"dgpgÞvu"hct"qwvygkij"vjg"tkum0
Kh vjgtg ctg cp{ hwtvjgt swgtkgu. rngcug fq pqv jgukvcvg
vq"eqpvcev"vjg"Tcfkqnqikuv"qt"Tcfkqitcrjgt0
42"̋"Tcfkqnqi{""Ownvk/Unkeg"*86/unkeg+"EV"Uecppkpi
V{rgu"qh"EV"Uecp"Kocigu
Kuqvtqrke"Xqnwog"
Ceswkukvkqp"("Ownvk/rncpct"
Tgeqpuvtwevkqp
Kp qnfgt uecppgtu. tgeqpuvtwevkqp
kp cp{ rncpg. gzegrv vjg czkcn
rncpg. tguwnvgf kp fgitcfcvkqp
qh vjg kocig0 Kp vjg 86/unkeg
EV uecppgt ykvj kuqvtqrke
xqnwog ceswkukvkqp cpf ownvk/rncpct tgeqpuvtwevkqp
kocigu kp cp{ rncpg ctg qh vjg ucog swcnkv{0
Qticpu cpf rcvjqnqi{ ecp dg xkgygf htqo ownvkrng
fktgvkqpu"vq"kortqxg""fkcipquvke""ceewtce{0
5F"Kocikpi"cpf"Xqnwog"
Tgpfgtkpi
Kp
vjg
86/unkeg
Uecppgt.
xqnwog
tgpfgtkpi
cnnqyu
vkuuwg nc{gtu vq dg uvtkrrgf
cyc{ vq ujqy vjg ctgcu qh
kpvgtguv0 Vjg tguwnvcpv kocig ecp
dg xkgygf kp gkvjgt 4F qt 5F
cpf kp vjgkt pcvwtcn cpcvqokecn eqnqwt0 Ykvj tgcn/vkog
ownvk/rncpct kocikpi *ORT+. vjg tcfkqnqikuv ecp xkgy
vjg"kocigu"kp"cp{"rncpg"kpuvcpvcpgqwun{0
Xcuewnct"Kocikpi
Jgcf vq vqg
kocigu
qh
vjg ctvgtkcn u{uvgo. kp eqnqwt cpf
5F ctg rgthqtogf hqnnqykpi
kpvtcxgpqwu
kplgevkqp
qh
eqpvtcuv0 Ctvgtkcn ecvjgvgtkucvkqp
ku pq nqpigt pgeguuct{0 Vjku
cnnqyu rtgekug rtg/qrgtcvkxg
gzcokpcvkqp qh xcuewnct fkugcug cpf ceewtcvg
rtgqrgtcvkxg"cuuguuogpv"hqt"uvgpvkpi"rtqegfwtgu0
Tcfkqnqi{ "Ownvk/Unkeg"*86/unkeg+"EV"Uecppkpi̋"43
Xktvwcn"Eqnqpqueqr{
Vjg cdfqogp ku uecppgf
kp c ukping dtgcvj jqnf0
Cu ygnn cu tgxkgykpi
vjg czkcn kocigu. vjg
tcfkqnqikuv
rgthqtou
c eqorwvgt ukowncvgf
eqnqpqueqr{0 Vjg tguwnvu
crrgct vq dg cu iqqf cu c
eqpxgpvkqpcn eqnqpqueqr{ cpf c xktvwcn eqnqpqueqr{
gpuwtgu cfgswcvg xkuwcnkucvkqp qh vjg ecgewo kp gxgt{
ecug0 Vjg gzcokpcvkqp ku equv ghhgevkxg cu vjg rcvkgpv
ku pqv ugfcvgf cpf oc{ tgvwtp vq yqtm koogfkcvgn{0
Vjg gzcokpcvkqp hgg ku cnuq nqygt vjcp vjg
cxgtcig hgg hqt eqnqpqueqr{0 Vjg gzcokpcvkqp ku
wugf hqt vjg fgvgevkqp qh crqn{ru cpf gctn{ eqnqpke
ecpegt0 U{orvqocvke rcvkgpvu ujqwnf dg tghgttgf hqt
eqpxgpvkqpcn"eqnqpqueqr{"qt"dctkwo"gpgoc0
Ectqvkf"cpf"Kpvtcegtgdtcn"
Xcuewnct"Kocikpi
Vjg"cpikqitcrj{"rtqfwegu
gzswkukvg fgvckn qh vjg
ectqvkf
xguugnu
cpf
kpvtcegtgdtcn xguugnu0 Vjku
qpn{ tgswktgu kpvtcxgpqwu
eqpvtcuv cpf qdxkcvgu
vjg pggf hqt hgoqtcn
ctvgt{ ecvjgvgtkucvkqp0 Cpikqitcrj{ qh vjg ectqvkfu
cpf kpvtcegtgdtcn xguugnu ecp dg rgthqtogf cv vjg
ucog vkog cu vjg kpkvkcn jgcf EV kp uvtqmg cpf
uwdctcejpqkf jcgoqttjcig0 Rgthwukqp uqhvyctg
cnnqyu koogfkcvg cuuguuogpv qh vjg fgitgg qh
kuejcgokc"cpf"egnnwnct"fcocig0
44"̋"Tcfkqnqi{""Ownvk/Unkeg"*86/unkeg+"EV"Uecppkpi
Ectfkce"EV
Cpcvqokecn fkcipquvke kocigu qh vjg jgctv cpf
eqtqpct{ xguugnu ctg rtqfwegf kp ugeqpfu cpf
rquv rtqeguukpi cnnqyu gcej xguugn vq dg xkgygf kp
eqpvkpwkv{.
yjkej
rtqxkfgu
c
swcpvkvcvkxg
cuuguuogpv qh uvgpqugu cpf vjg cuuguuogpv qh vjg
nkrkf. Þdtkp qt ecnekwo eqpvgpv qh jctf qt
uqhv rncswg0 Vjku gzcokpcvkqp fqgu pqv tgswktg
jqurkvcnkucvkqp qt ctvgtkcn rwpevwtg0 Rqukvkxg
gzcokpcvkqpu ctg tghgttgf qp hqt kpvgtxgpvkqpcn
vtgcvogpv cu pgeguuct{0 JgctvXkgy ku kfgcn hqt vjg
rquvqrgtcvkxg cuuguuogpv qh uvgpvu0 Kp cffkvkqp. c
ecnekwo ueqtg qh vjg eqtqpct{ xguugnu ku ecnewncvgf
vq"jgnr"cuuguu"tkum0
EV"Qpeqnqi{
Vjg EV Qpeqnqi{ qhhgtu {qw c wpkswg
cpf
kppqxcvkxg
eqodkpcvkqp
hqt fkcipquvke
kocikpi. gxcnwcvkqp cpf hqnnqy/wr kp {qwt
fkcipquvke" " qpeqnqi{ ugvvkpi0 Qwt kpvwkvkxg u{piq
eqorwvgt/cuukuvgf tgcfkpi vqqnu. eqodkpgf ykvj
kpvgnnkigpv gxcnwcvkqp. cwvqocvgf hqnnqy/wr. cpf
kocig iwkfgf kpvgtxgpvkqp. qhhgt {qw c pgy ngxgn qh
eqpÞfgpeg hqt rtgxgpvkxg ectg. uvcikpi. hqnnqy/wr
gzcou."cpf"tgcn/vkog"iwkfgf"dkqrukgu0"
Eqortgjgpukxg vwoqwt rgthwukqp gpcdngu c hcuv
cpf gcu{ xkuwcnkucvkqp qh vwoqwt gpjcpegogpv
cpf ckfu {qw kp fkhhgtgpvkcvkpi vwoqwtu0 Hwukpi
kocigu htqo RGV qt URGEV ykvj jkij tguqnwvkqp
EV kocigu pqv qpn{ jgnru vq dgvvgt nqecnkug
vwoqwtu. dwv cnuq kp vjgtcr{ rncppkpi0 Qwt
uqnwvkqpu hqt kpvgtxgpvkqpcn EV gzvgpf {qwt
enkpkecn urgevtwo vqyctfu fkhhgtgpvkcn fkcipquku
cpf vtgcvogpv. vwtpkpi fcvc kpvq c fkcipquvke
qwveqog"ykvjkp"okpwvgu0
Tcfkqnqi{ "Ownvk/Unkeg"*86/unkeg+"EV"Uecppkpi"̋"45
RGTKRJGTCN
SEV
OGVJQF"VQ
GXCNWCVG
DQPG"OKPGTCN"
FGPUKV["KP
QUVGQRQTQUKU
Yjcv"ku"QuvgqrqtqukuA"
Quvgqrqtquku. ejctcevgtkugf d{ vjkp. ygcm dqpgu.
ecp dg c ukngpv fkugcug0 Kv qhvgp rtqitguugu ykvjqwv
u{orvqou0 Kp hcev. yjcv oc{ uggo nkmg ukorng dcem
rckp eqwnf cevwcnn{ dg urkpcn htcevwtgu {qw fq pqv gxgp
mpqy"cdqwv0"
D{ cdqwv cig 42. vjg cxgtcig yqocp yknn jcxg
ceswktgf oquv qh jgt umgngvcn ocuu0 Dqpg ocuu tgcejgu
kvu rgcm d{ vjg cig qh 52/570 Chvgtyctfu. dqpg ocuu
dgikpu vq fgenkpg cv c uvgcf{ tcvg0 Chvgt ogpqrcwug.
vjg"tcvg"qh"dqpg"nquu"kpetgcugu"ukipkÞecpvn{0
Cu {qw nqug dqpg ocuu. {qwt dqpgu dgeqog
vjkppgt cpf oqtg htcikng0 Yqogp oc{ nqug wr vq 315
qh vjg dqpg ocuu kp vjgkt urkpgu kp vjg Þtuv 8 {gctu
chvgt ogpqrcwug. ocmkpi vjgo oqtg uwuegrvkdng vq
htcevwtgu0 Yjgp {qwt fqevqt nqqmu cv {qwt dqpg jgcnvj.
jg1ujg yknn eqorctg vjg vjkempguu qh {qwt dqpgu vq
vjcv qh c pqtocn {qwpi cfwnv0 Vjcv eqorctkuqp ku
ogcuwtgf kp wpkvu ecnngf Uvcpfctf Fgxkcvkqp *UF+
/ c ocvjgocvkecn vgto vjcv fguetkdgu vjg fkhhgtgpeg
dgvyggp gcej kpfkxkfwcn ogcuwtgogpv cpf vjg ogcp
*cxgtcig+0
Yjgp c eqpukfgtcdng coqwpv qh dqpg ku nquv. {qw
tgcej c rqkpv yjgp {qw jcxg ukipkÞecpvn{ nguu dqpg
vjcp pqtocn. c eqpfkvkqp mpqyp cu quvgqrgpkc0
Cv vjku rqkpv. {qw jcxg 3 vq 407 UF nguu dqpg vjcp c
pqtocn {qwpi cfwnv0 Ykvj hwtvjgt dqpg nquu. vjg
pqtocn uvtwevwtg qh vjg dqpg ku fkutwrvgf cu ygnn0 Vjku
ku vjg qpugv qh quvgqrqtquku. yjgtg {qwt dqpg ocuu
yqwnf dg oqtg vjcp 407 UF dgnqy vjcv qh c pqtocn
{qwpi cfwnv0 Quvgqrqtquku ku c fkugcug ejctcevgtkugf
d{ nqy dqpg ocuu cpf uvtwevwtcn fgvgtkqtcvkqp qh
dqpg""vkuuwg. ngcfkpi vq dqpg htciknkv{ cpf cp kpetgcugf
uwuegrvkdknkv{"vq"htcevwtgu0
Tcfkqnqi{ "Rgtkrjgtcn"SEV"̋"47
Jqy"eqooqp"ku"Quvgqrqtquku"A"
Quvgqrqtquku ku tgurqpukdng hqt oqtg vjcp 307
oknnkqp htcevwtgu yqtnfykfg cppwcnn{0 Vgp oknnkqp
kpfkxkfwcnu cntgcf{ jcxg quvgqrqtquku. cpf 3:
oknnkqp oqtg jcxg nqy dqpg ocuu0 Crrtqzkocvgn{
:2' qh vjqug chhgevgf d{ quvgqrqtquku ctg yqogp.
rwvvkpi"vjgo"cv"kpetgcugf"tkum"hqt"htcevwtg0
Hqt ocp{ yqogp. quvgqrqtquku ku c ukngpv fkugcug vjcv
fgxgnqru"ykvj"hgy"yctpkpi"ukipu0
Chvgt ogpqrcwug. vjg dqpgu kp vjg dqf{ oc{ dgeqog
vjkppgt cpf ygcmgt0 Qxgt vkog. dqpg nquu ecp ngcf vq
kpetgcugf"tkum"qh"htcevwtgu0
Gcej {gct. vjgtg yknn dg oqtg quvgqrqtqvke htcevwtgu kp
yqogp vjcp uvtqmgu. jgctv cvvcemu. cpf dtgcuv ecpegtu
eqodkpgf0
Wr vq jcnh qh yqogp qxgt 72 {gctu qnf yknn dtgcm
c"dqpg"fwg"vq"quvgqrqtquku"kp"vjgkt"nkhgvkog0
U{orvqou
Quvgqrqtquku ku qhvgp ecnngf vjg Ñukngpv fkugcugÒ
dgecwug vjg nquu qh dqpg ecp qeewt ykvjqwv u{orvqou0
Ocp{ yqogp oc{ pqv gxgp mpqy vjcv vjg{ jcxg
quvgqrqtquku wpvkn vjg{ uwhhgt c htcevwtg0 Gxgp yjgp
c dqpg ku htcevwtgf. vjg rcvkgpv oc{ pqv koogfkcvgn{
tgeqipkug"vjg"vtwg"pcvwtg"qh"jgt"eqpfkvkqp0
48"̋"Tcfkqnqi{""Rgtkrjgtcn"SEV
C eqnncrugf xgtvgdtc oc{ kpkvkcnn{ dg rckpnguu. qt
kv oc{ dg hgnv cu ugxgtg dcem rckp0 Ncvgt. vjg rcvkgpv
oc{ gzrgtkgpeg nquu qh jgkijv. urkpcn fghqtokvkgu. qt
uvqqrgf"rquvwtg0
Tkum"hcevqtu
Vjg oqtg dqpg ocuu {qw jcxg cv cig 52/57. vjg nguu
nkmgn{ {qw ctg vq fgxgnqr quvgqrqtquku0 Vjgtg ctg ocp{
hcevqtu vjcv fgvgtokpg jqy owej dqpg ocuu {qw yknn
jcxg / igpgvke. pwvtkvkqpcn. cpf gpxktqpogpvcn0 Yjkng
{qw oc{ jcxg eqpvtqn qxgt uqog qh vjgug. g0i0. ecnekwo
kpvcmg."{qw"ecppqv"ejcpig"oquv"qh"vjgug"hcevqtu0"
Egtvckp rgqrng ctg oqtg nkmgn{ vq fgxgnqr
quvgqrqtquku vjcp qvjgtu0 Hcevqtu vjcv kpetgcug vjg
nkmgnkjqqf qh fgxgnqrkpi quvgqrqtquku ctg ecnngf
Ñtkum"hcevqtu0Ò"Vjgug"kpenwfg<"
̋ Dgkpi"hgocng"
̋ Vjkp"cpf1qt"uocnn"htcog"
̋ Cfxcpegf"cig"
̋ C"hcokn{"jkuvqt{"qh"Quvgqrqtquku
̋ Dgkpi rquvogpqrcwucn. kpenwfkpi gctn{ qt
uwtikecnn{/kpfwegf"ogpqrcwug"
̋ Cdpqtocn cdugpeg
*cogpqttjgc+
qh
ogpuvtwcn
rgtkqfu
̋ Cpqtgzkc"pgtxquc"qt"dwnkokc
̋ C"fkgv"nqy"kp"ecnekwo"
̋ Wug qh egtvckp ogfkecvkqpu. uwej cu
eqtvkequvgtqkfu. vj{tqkf tgrncegogpv vjgtcr{.
cpf"uqog"cpvkeqpxwnucpvu
Tcfkqnqi{ "Rgtkrjgtcn"SEV"̋"49
̋ Cp"kpcevkxg"nkhguv{ng"
̋ Ekictgvvg"uoqmkpi"
̋ Gzeguukxg"wug"qh"cneqjqn
̋ Dgkpi Ecwecukcp *yjkvg+ qt Cukcp. cnvjqwij
Chtkecp Cogtkecpu cpf Jkurcpke Cogtkecpu
ecp"dg"cv"tkum"cu"ygnn"
Fkcipquku"qh"Quvgqrtquku"rgtkrjgtcn"SEV"*rSEV+
Vjg oquv eqooqpn{ wugf ogvjqf qh gxcnwcvg
dqpg okpgtcn fgpukv{ *DOF+ kp quvgqrqtquku ku vjg
Swcpvkvcvkxg Eqorwvgf Vqoqitcrj{0 Vjku cnnqyu
ugngevkxg ogcuwtgogpv qh vjg vtcdgewnct eqorctvogpv
qh vjg xgtvgdtcg d{ gzenwfkpi eqtvkecn dqpg cpf
gzvtcquugqwu ecnekÞecvkqpu0 rSEV ogcuwtgu vjg vtwg
xqnwogvtke DOF0 Rngcug eqpuwnv {qwt rj{ukekcp hqt
oqtg"fgvcknu0
Vjg"rSEV"gzcokpcvkqp
Fwtkpi vjg gzcokpcvkqp. vjg rcvkgpv nkgu qp c pcttqy
vcdng. yjkej unkfgu kpvq vjg fqwijpwv/ujcrgf tkpi kp
vjg egpvtg qh vjg uecppkpi ocejkpg0 Vjg z/tc{ vwdg
vjgp tqwvgu"ctqwpf"vjg"rcvkgpv0
Vjg gzcokpcvkqp yknn vcmg 32/37 okpwvgu0 Fwtkpi vjg
gzcokpcvkqp. vjg rcvkgpv yknn jgct jwookpi. dw¦¦kpi
qt enkemkpi uqwpfu htqo vjg EV ocejkpg0 Vjg vcdng
oqxgu gxgt{ hgy ugeqpfu vq rqukvkqp vjg rcvkgpv hqt c
pgy"uecp0""Mggrkpi"uvknn"yknn"gpuwtg"engctgt"kocigu0
Ctg"vjgtg"cp{"tkumu"ykvj"rSEV"A
rSEV ku c ogfkecn kocikpi rtqegfwtg rgthqtogf vq
ickp kphqtocvkqp cdqwv DOF0 Vjg tkum htqo ogfkecn
z/tc{ gzcokpcvkqpu. kh kv gzkuvu cv cnn. ku gzvtgogn{ uocnn0
Vjg"dgpgÞvu"hct"qwvygkij"vjg"tkum0
Kh vjgtg ctg cp{ hwtvjgt swgtkgu. rngcug fq pqv jgukvcvg
vq"eqpvcev"vjg"Tcfkqnqikuv"qt"Tcfkqitcrjgt0
4:"̋"Tcfkqnqi{""Rgtkrjgtcn"SEV
OCOOQITCO
*DTGCUV"Z/TC[+
Dtgcuv ecpegt ku qpg qh vjg oquv nkhg vjtgcvgpkpi ecpegtu kp
Dtgcuv"ecpegt"ku"qpg"qh"vjg"oquv"nkhg"vjtgcvgpkpi"ecpegtu"
yqogp0
kp"yqogp0
Kh dtgcuv ecpegt ku fgvgevgf gctn{ vjgtg ku c iqqf ejcpeg vjcv
kv"ecp"dg"vtgcvgf"uweeguuhwnn{0
Kh"dtgcuv"ecpegt"ku"fgvgevgf"gctn{"vjgtg"ku"c"iqqf"ejcpeg"
vjcv"kv"ecp"dg"vtgcvgf"uweeguuhwnn{0
Kv"ku"wr"vq"{qw"Ï"c"ocooqitco"eqwnf"ucxg"{qwt"nkhg#
Kv"ku"wr"vq"{qw"Ï"c"ocooqitco"eqwnf"ucxg"{qwt"nkhg#
Yjcv"ku"c"OcooqitcoA
C" ocooqitco" *dtgcuv" z/tc{+" ku" c" rkevwtg" qh" vjg"
dtgcuv"vkuuwg0""Vjku"rkevwtg"ecp"ujqy"vjg"rtgugpeg"
qh" ecpegt" ygnn" dghqtg" c" nwor" ecp" dg" hgnv0" Vjgug"
gctn{"ecpegtu"ecp"wuwcnn{"dg"vtgcvgf"uweeguuhwnn{"
dghqtg"vjg{"jcxg"c"ejcpeg"vq"urtgcf0
Yjcv"ku"c"OcooqitcoA
C ocooqitco *dtgcuv z/tc{+ ku c rkevwtg qh vjg dtgcuv
Yjq"ujqwnf"jcxg"c"OcooqitcoA
vkuuwg0""Vjku rkevwtg ecp ujqy vjg rtgugpeg qh ecpegt
ygnn dghqtg c nwor ecp dg hgnv0 Vjgug gctn{ ecpegtu
Yqogp"ctg"oqtg"nkmgn{"vq"fgxgnqr"dtgcuv"ecpegt"cu"
ecp wuwcnn{ dg vtgcvgf uweeguuhwnn{ dghqtg vjg{ jcxg c
vjg{"itqy"qnfgt0""Ykvj"vjg"crrtqcej"qh"ogpqrcwug"
ejcpeg"vq"urtgcf0
vjg" tkum" dgeqogu" itgcvgt." uq" c" tgiwnct" z/tc{" " ku"
korqtvcpv"
htqo" vjgp" qp0" Kv" ku" tgeqoogpfgf"
Yjq"ujqwnf"jcxg"c"OcooqitcoA
yqtnfykfg"vjcv"yqogp"yjq"ctg"cdqxg"vjg"cig"qh"
Yqogp ctg oqtg nkmgn{ vq fgxgnqr dtgcuv
67"uggm"ocooqitco"uetggpkpi"gxgt{"qpg"vq"vyq"
ecpegt cu vjg{ itqy qnfgt0 Ykvj vjg crrtqcej qh
{gctu0
ogpqrcwug vjg tkum dgeqogu itgcvgt. uq c tgiwnct
z/tc{""ku korqtvcpv htqo vjgp qp0 Kv ku tgeqoogpfgf
yqtnfykfg vjcv yqogp yjq ctg cdqxg vjg cig qh 67
Oquv" fqevqtu" tgeqoogpf" vjcv" yqogp" ykvj" c"
uggm"ocooqitco"uetggpkpi"gxgt{"qpg"vq"vyq"{gctu0
uvtqpi" hcokn{" jkuvqt{" qh" dtgcuv" ecpegt" ujqwnf"
eqoogpeg"
vgp"vjcv
{gctu"
dghqtg"
vjg"
cv"
Oquv fqevqtuuetggpkpi"
tgeqoogpf
yqogp
ykvj
c cig"
uvtqpi
yjkej"vjgkt"tgncvkxg"ycu"fkcipqugf0
hcokn{ jkuvqt{ qh dtgcuv ecpegt ujqwnf eqoogpeg
uetggpkpi vgp {gctu dghqtg vjg cig cv yjkej vjgkt
tgncvkxg"ycu"fkcipqugf0
Jqy"ku"c"Ocooqitco"vcmgpA
Vq"
igv" c" engct" rkevwtg." vjg" dtgcuv" vkuuwg" pggfu" vq"
Jqy"ku"c"Ocooqitco"vcmgpA
dg"
eqortguugf"
hqt" c" hgy"
ugeqpfu0"
" Vjku"
oc{"
dg"
Vq igv
c engct rkevwtg.
vjg dtgcuv
vkuuwg
pggfu
vq dg
dtkgà{"
wpeqohqtvcdng0"
Wuwcnn{"
ctg"
eqortguugf
hqt c hgy ugeqpfu0"
" Vjkuvyq"
oc{z/tc{u"
dg dtkgà{"
vcmgp"
qh" gcej" dtgcuv0"C"
ocooqitco"
kpxqnxgu"
wpeqohqtvcdng0
Wuwcnn{ vyq
z/tc{u ctg vcmgp
qh gcejc"
dtgcuv0 C ocooqitco kpxqnxgu c xgt{ nqy fqug qh
xgt{"nqy"fqug"qh"tcfkcvkqp0"Vjg"yjqng"rtqegfwtg"
tcfkcvkqp0 Vjg yjqng rtqegfwtg vcmgu cdqwv 42
vcmgu"cdqwv"42"okpwvgu0
okpwvgu0
52"̋"Tcfkqnqi{""Ocooqitco"*Dtgcuv"Z/tc{+
Jqy"qhvgp"ujqwnf"K"jcxg"c"OcooqitcoA
Wuwcnn{ qpeg gxgt{ vyq {gctu0""Kh vjgtg ctg tgcuqpu hqt c
oqtg"htgswgpv"gzcokpcvkqp."{qwt"fqevqt"yknn"vgnn"{qw0
PQVG<" " Kh {qw jcxg jcf c rtgxkqwu ocooqitco.
rngcug"dtkpi"vjg"Þnou"ykvj"{qw."kh"rquukdng0
Yjcv"ujqwnf"K"fq"dghqtg"K"eqog"hqt"c"OcooqitcoA"
̋ Yqogp yjqug dtgcuvu dgeqog vgpfgt dghqtg
vjgkt rgtkqfu Þpf kv oqtg eqohqtvcdng vq jcxg
cp"z/tc{"fwtkpi"qt"lwuv"chvgt"c"rgtkqf0
̋ Hqt eqpxgpkgpeg. c vyq rkgeg qwvÞv uwej cu
uncemu cpf dnqwug ku tgeqoogpfgf yjgp
jcxkpi c ocooqitco0 [qw yknn dg ikxgp c
iqyp"vq"ygct0
̋ Rngcug fq pqv ygct vcnewo rqyfgt qt
fgqfqtcpv0""Vjgug ecp ujqy qp vjg z/tc{ rkevwtg0
̋ Kh {qw jcxg dtgcuv korncpvu. rngcug vgnn vjg
tgegrvkqpkuv yjgp ocmkpi {qwt crrqkpvogpv cu
vjg"gzcokpcvkqp"yknn"vcmg"c"nkvvng"nqpigt0
Yjcv"jcrrgpu"kh"vjg{"Þpf"uqogvjkpiA
Vjg fqevqt yknn eqpvcev {qw vq fkuewuu vjg dguv eqwtug
qh"cevkqp0"
̋ Oquv"dtgcuv"cdpqtocnkvkgu"ctg"pqv"ecpegtqwu0
̋ Vjg gctnkgt c ecpegt ku fgvgevgf. vjg itgcvgt vjg
nkmgnkjqqf"qh"c"uweeguuhwn"vtgcvogpv0
Ecp K" " dg" " uwtg" " vjcv" " K" " co" " cntkijv" " kh" " vjg" " Ocooqitco
tguwnvu"ctg"pqtocnA
Ocooqitcrj{ rkemu wr cdqwv ;2' qh dtgcuv ecpegtu0
Vjgtg ctg uqog ecpegtu yjkej yknn pqv dg fgvgevgf
d{ cp z/tc{0 Kh {qw pqvkeg c dtgcuv nwor. rckp qt c
pkrrng fkuejctig. {qw ujqwnf ugg {qwt fqevqt uvtckijv
cyc{. gxgp kh vjg ocooqitco ku pqtocn0 Kv ku
uvknn korqtvcpv hqt c yqocp yjq jcu jcf c pqtocn
tguwnv vq eqpvkpwg vq jcxg tgiwnct ocooqitcou.
dgecwug"ejcpigu"kp"vjg"dtgcuv"fgxgnqr"qxgt"vkog0
Tcfkqnqi{ "Ocooqitco"*Dtgcuv"Z/tc{+"̋"53
Yjcv"gnug"ujqwnf"K"fqA
Cu"rctv"qh"vqvcn"dtgcuv"ectg"yg"cnuq"uwiiguv"{qw<
̋ Cum {qwt fqevqt vq ejgem {qwt dtgcuvu qpeg c
{gct0
̋ Rtcevkeg
*DUG+0
tgiwnct
Dtgcuv/Ugnh
Gzcokpcvkqp
Ugg {qwt fqevqt uvtckijv cyc{ kh {qw pqvkeg cp{
ejcpigu"ykvj"{qwt"dtgcuvu0
Yjgtg"ecp"K"igv"OcooqitcoA
LROEÔu Fkcipquvke Kocikpi Fgrctvogpv jcu vjg
ncvguv nqy fqug ocooqitcrjke gswkrogpv0 Vjg
gzcokpcvkqp vcmgu cdqwv 42 okpwvgu cpf crrqkpvogpvu
ctg"gpeqwtcigf0
TGOGODGT<
NQQM
HGGN
CEV
CUM
DUG vcmgu qpn{ c hgy okpwvgu gcej oqpvj0""Kv ku qpg
yc{"{qw"ecp"fq"uqogvjkpi"hqt"{qwt"qyp"jgcnvj0
Yjcv"fq"K"ejgem"hqtA
̋ Nworu."gxgp"kh"vjg{"ctg"rckpnguu0
̋ Vjkemgpkpi"kp"{qwt"dtgcuv0
̋ Cp{"fkuejctig"htqo"{qwt"pkrrng0
̋ Cp{"qvjgt"ejcpigu0
54"̋"Tcfkqnqi{""Ocooqitco"*Dtgcuv"Z/tc{+
CNN"[QW"PGGF
VQ"MPQY
CDQWV
WNVTCUQWPF
Yjcv"ku"Wnvtcuqwpf"A"
Wnvtcuqwpf ku cp gcu{ cpf pqp/kpxcukxg yc{ vq
ugg vjg kpvgtpcn uvtwevwtgu qh vjg dqf{ d{ ugpfkpi
jkij htgswgpe{ uqwpf ycxgu vjtqwij umkp0" " Kp cp
cdfqokpcn gzcokpcvkqp. wnvtcuqwpf rtqfwegu kocigu
vq dg uggp qp oquv qh vjg oclqt qticpu kpenwfkpi vjg
nkxgt. icnndncffgt. rcpetgcu. urnggp mkfpg{u cpf nctig
dnqqf"xguugnu0
Vjg rtkpekrng dgjkpf wnvtcuqwpf qt ÑuqpctÒ ku vjg
ucog cu yjcv ycu wugf fwtkpi Yqtnf Yct KK vq nqecvg
gpgo{ uwdoctkpgu dgpgcvj vjg ugc0 Vjg ocejkpg.
c vtcpufwegt. ugpfu c dtkgh rwnug qh uqwpf *cdqwv
c oknnkqpvj qh c ugeqpf nqpi+ kpvq vjg dqf{0 Vjku
uqwpf vtcxgnu kpvq vjg cdfqogp cpf yjgp kv tgcejgu
c uvtwevwtg. vjg vtcxgnnkpi rwnug yknn ugpf dcem c nkvvng
gejq0""Ykvj vjg wug qh jkij/urggf eqorwvgt. cp kocig
qh vjg qticp dgkpi gzcokpgf ku uggp qp vjg VX oqpkvqt
qh vjg ocejkpg0""Uqwpfu rtqfwegf d{ vjg vtcpufwegt
ctg xgt{ jkij rkvejgf cpf ctg wpcdng vq dg jgctf d{
jwocpu0
Jqy"nqpi"yknn"kv"vcmg"A
Vjg ngpivj qh vkog hqt cnn gzcokpcvkqpu yknn
xct{ fgrgpfkpi qp vjg urgekÞe tgcuqpu hqt {qwt
gzcokpcvkqp0""Hqt uqog uvwfkgu. uwej cu gzcokpcvkqp
qh vjg icnndncffgt hqt uvqpgu. oc{ tgswktg qpn{ 37
okpwvgu0 Hqt c eqorngvg uvwf{ qh vjg cdfqokpcn qticpu
qt"rgnxku."67"okpwvgu"qt"oqtg"oc{"dg"tgswktgf0
Ku"Wnvtcuqwpf"uchg"A
Fkcipquvke wnvtcuqwpf jcu dggp kp wug ukpeg vjg
ncvg 3;72Ôu0 Pq mpqyp cfxgtug dkqnqikecn ghhgevu qp
rcvkgpvu tguwnvkpi htqo vjku wucig jcxg gxgt dggp
tgrqtvgf0 Cnvjqwij vjg rquukdknkv{ gzkuvu vjcv uwej
dkqnqikecn ghhgevu oc{ dg kfgpvkÞgf kp vjg hwvwtg.
ewttgpv fcvc kpfkecvgu vjcv vjg dgpgÞvu vq rcvkgpvu
qh vjg rtwfgpv wug qh fkcipquvke wnvtcuqwpf hct
qwvygkij"vjg"tkumu."kh"cp{."vjcv"oc{"dg"rtgugpv0
56"̋"Tcfkqnqi{""Wnvtcuqwpf"
Yknn"kv"jwtv"A"
Vjgtg ku nkvvng qt pq rckp kpxqnxgf kp cp wnvtcuqwpf
gzcokpcvkqp qh {qwt cdfqogp. cnvjqwij. vjgtg oc{
dg uqog fkueqohqtv htqo ockpvckpkpi c hwnn dncffgt0
C ign/nkmg ocvgtkcn ku crrnkgf vq {qwt cdfqogp" " cpf
vjg kpuvtwogpv ku vjgp rncegf qp vjg umkp uwthceg vq
rtqxkfg dgvvgt eqpvcev dgvyggp vjg vtcpufwegt cpf vjg
umkp0""Vjku ign oc{ hggn unkijvn{ eqnf cpf gxgp vjqwij
kv ykrgu qhh gcukn{. kv ku c iqqf kfgc vq ygct enqvjkpi
vjcv"ku"gcukn{"ycujcdng0
Yjcv"ctg"vjg"nkokvcvkqpu"qh"vjg"gzcokpcvkqp"A
Cu dqpg cvvgpwcvgu uqwpf ycxgu. wnvtcuqwpf ecppqv dg
wugf"vq"gzcokpg vjg dqpgu uwttqwpfkpi"vjg cdfqogp.
uwej cu {qwt tkdu0"" Cnuq. cu uqwpf ku ygcmgpgf cu kv
rcuugu vjtqwij nc{gtu qh vkuuwg. tguwnvu htqo rcvkgpvu
yjq ctg qdgug ctg pqv qh vjg ucog swcnkv{ cu vjqug qh
rgqrng"yjq"ctg"vjkp0
Ctg"""vjgtg"""cp{""""urgekcn"""rtgrctcvkqpu"""hqt"""vjg
gzcokpcvkqp A
Kh vjg icnndncffgt ku vq dg gzcokpgf. {qw ujqwnf jcxg
pqvjkpi vq gcv qt ftkpm gzegrv ycvgt hqt 8 jqwtu dghqtg
vjg rtqegfwtg0 Vjku ku dgecwug hqqf cpf ftkpm ecwugu
vjg icnndncffgt vq eqpvtcev. rtgxgpvkpi cfgswcvg
gzcokpcvkqp"ykvj"vjg"wnvtcuqwpf0
Tcfkqnqi{ "Wnvtcuqwpf"̋"57
Yjgp"""ujqwnf"""cp"""Wnvtcuqwpf"""gzcokpcvkqp"""qh"""vjg"
cdfqogp"dg"fqpgA
Vjgtg ctg ocp{ tgcuqpu hqt gzcokpkpi vjg cdfqogp
ykvj cp wnvtcuqwpf0 Coqpi vjg eqooqp tgcuqpu yjgp
cp wnvtcuqwpf gzcokpcvkqp qh vjg cdfqogp ujqwnf dg
fqpg"ctg"<
̋ Vq nqqm hqt ecwugu qh wrrgt cdfqokpcn rckp.
yjkej oc{ dg tgncvgf vq rtqdngou qh vjg nkxgt.
icnndncffgt"qt"mkfpg{u0
̋ Vq"fgvgev"icnnuvqpgu0
̋ Vq fgvgtokpg cdpqtocnkvkgu qh vjg nkxgt qt
urnggp0
̋ Vq"gxcnwcvg"vjg"mkfpg{u"hqt"dnqemcig0
̋ Vq nqqm hqt gpnctigogpvu *cpgwt{uou+ cpf qvjgt
cdpqtocnkvkgu"qh"cdfqokpcn"dnqqf"xguugnu0
Kp uqog ecugu. vjg wnvtcuqwpf oc{ pqv dg cdng vq
rtqxkfg cnn vjg kphqtocvkqp {qwt fqevqt tgswktgu. kp
yjkej"ecug."cffkvkqpcn"uvwfkgu"oc{"dg"tgswktgf0
Yj{""ujqwnf""K""jcxg""cp""Wnvtcuqwpf""gzcokpcvkqp""fwtkpi
rtgipcpe{"A
Vjg oquv eqooqp tgcuqp hqt jcxkpi cp wnvtcuqwpf
gzcokpcvkqp ku vq fgvgtokpg vjg crrtqzkocvg cig
cpf rqukvkqp qh vjg dcd{ cpf vq ocmg uwtg vjg dcd{
ku itqykpi pqtocnn{0 Cig ecp dg fgvgtokpgf gctn{ kp
vjg rtgipcpe{ *4/5 oqpvju+ d{ ogcuwtkpi vjg ngpivj
qh vjg dcd{0 Ncvgt. cv 6/9 oqpvju. cig ku fgtkxgf d{
ogcuwtgogpvu qh vjg jgcf cpf vjg ngpivj qh vjg
hgowt *vjg nqpi dqpg kpukfg vjg vjkij+0 Vjgug
ogcuwtgogpvu ctg vjgp eqorctgf vq c vcdng vjcv nkuv
cxgtcigu"qh"pqtocn"dcd{"itqyvj0
58"̋"Tcfkqnqi{""Wnvtcuqwpf"
Ykvj vjg wug qh wnvtcuqwpf. vjg coqwpv qh àwkf"
uwttqwpfkpi vjg dcd{. cu ygnn cu vjg rncegpvc
ecp dg uggp0" " Vjg rncegpvcÔu rqukvkqp ku jgnrhwn kp
fgvgtokpkpi yjcv mkpf qh fgnkxgt{ {qw yknn jcxg
*xcikpcn qt ecguctkcp+ cpf yjgvjgt vjg dcd{ yknn
pggf cp{ urgekcn ogfkecn cvvgpvkqp koogfkcvgn{ chvgt
fgnkxgt{0" " Gctn{ kp rtgipcpe{. kv oc{ dg pgeguuct{ vq
uecp ykvj c urgekcn vtcpufwegt rncegf kp vjg xcikpc vq
ugg"vjg"dcd{0
Ctg""""vjgtg""""cp{""""urgekcn""""rtgrctcvqp""""hqt""""Rgnxke
Gzcokpcvkqp"A
Fgrgpfkpi qp jqy hct cnqpi {qw ctg kp vjg
rtgipcpe{. vjg qpn{ rtgrctcvkqp {qw oc{ dg cumgf
vq ocmg ku vq jcxg c hwnn dncffgt d{ ftkpmkpi cdqwv
6/8 incuugu qh ycvgt cp jqwt dghqtg vjg rtqegfwtg0 Vjg
tgcuqp hqt vjku ku vjcv jkij htgswgpe{ uqwpf ycxgu
wugf kp wnvtcuqwpf tgxgcn ygnn vjtqwij nkswkf. dwv pqv
vjtqwij icu qt ckt0""Ukpeg vjg wvgtwu ku nqecvgf kp vjg
rgnxku dgjkpf nqqru qh dqygn eqpvckpkpi icu cpf ckt.
kv ku korqtvcpv vq Þnn vjg dncffgt *cnuq nqecvgf kp vjg
rgnxke ctgc+ ykvj àwkf vq fkurnceg vjg dqygn cpf
rtqxkfg"c"engct"ykpfqy""hqt"xkgykpi"vjg"dcd{0
Tcfkqnqi{ "Wnvtcuqwpf"̋"59
&OLQLF+RXUV
0RQGD\VWR)ULGD\VDPQRRQ
SPSP
6DWXUGD\V
DPQRRQ
6HUYLFHV
‡05, 7HVOD ZLWK&DUGLDF05,05$QJLRJUDSK\
6SHFWURVFRS\050DPPRJUDSK\6WURNH,PDJLQJ
)XQFWLRQDO'7,‡0XOWLVOLFH&76FDQQHU 6OLFH ZLWK
&DUGLDF&7&RURQDU\&7&7:KROH%RG\$QJLRJUDSK\S4&7
‡'LJLWDO'HQWDO&7 &RQH%HDP&7 'LJLWDO23*&(3+
‡&55DGLRJUDSK\ ;UD\ ‡'LJLWDO)OXRURVFRS\
‡8OWUDVRXQG‡&50DPPRJUDSK\
'',B
)RULQTXLULHV DSSRLQPHQWVSOHDVHFRQWDFW
7HO([W)D[
-HUXGRQJ3DUN%*%UXQHL'DUXVVDODP
(PDLOLPDJLQJ#MSPFFRPEQ
:HEVLWHZZZMSPFFRPEQ
Download