1
2
3
4
5.
Very important to note: The data sheet from space solar cell manufacturer
specify the performance under some standard set of conditions. Spectrum:
AMO WRC = 1367 W/m2; T=28 °C
The efficiency is for bare cells. Cover glass integrated cell may have some
efficiency loss May be to the extent of 0.5% to 1% depending on the
selection of cover glass by user. Loss of efficiency is proportional to cover
glass thickness.
Efficiency is proportional to the intensity of solar insolation. Efficiency of cell
is lower at 1353 W.m-2 compared to 1367 W.m-2 may be to the extent of
0.5%.
All solar cell performance are specified under a standard temperature of
28°C.
Actual cell temperature depends on the substrate (Metal, PCB,
Carbon-Carbon Composite), solar aspect angle, body mounted or deployed
panel, day of the year (seasonal variation in solar insolation / intensity 1320
W.m-2 to 1428 W.m-2) and thermal control implemented in satellites.
Generally the solar panels will be operation any where between 20°C to
60°C higher than the standard temperature of 28°C.
Higher the
temperature, lower will be the power output. From the temperature
coefficient of Voltage and current, the operating voltage and power output
has to be estimated.
The power output of the array steeply /drastically falls at voltages higher
than Vmp. To take care of cell to cell and panel to panel variation in the
voltage performance, the MPPT software in designed to operate at slightly
lower than the Vmp specified by the manufacturer for the cells after
correcting for the operating temperature. Temperature coefficient of Vmp is
negative. Vmp
will shift to lower voltage at higher temperature.
Consequently the power output also will
be lower at higher operating
temperature of the array.
6.
MPPT ouput voltage has to be higher than the maximum charge voltage limit
of Lithium ion battery. Battery cannot be charged fully, if the voltage output
5
of the MPPT controller is lower. Charge voltage limit of Lithium ion battery
is invariant with operating temperature of the battery.
6
7
8
This cell type is a GaInP/GaAs/Ge on Ge substrate triple junction solar cell (efficiency class
30% advanced). The end-of-life version of the 3G30C solar cell offers best EOL-performance
values and should be combined with an external bypass diode protection.
Front side contact pads
Issue date:
2016-08-19
DB 0003429-01-01
Page 1 of 2
Copyright © 2010 AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH
AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH
Theresienstr. 2
74072 Heilbronn
phone: +49 7131 67 2603
telefax: +49 7131 67 2727
e-mail: info@azurspace.com
website: www.azurspace.com
3G30C - Advanced
30% Triple Junction GaAs Solar Cell
Type: TJ Solar Cell 3G30C - Advanced
Best in Class EOL-Values!
Certified Company
ISO 9001
ISO 14001
OHSAS 18001
9
30% Triple Junction GaAs Junction Solar Cell
Type: TJ Solar Cell 3G30C - Advanced
Base Material
GaInP/GaAs/Ge on Ge substrate
AR-coating
TiOx/Al2O3
Dimensions
40 x 80 mm ± 0.1 mm
Cell Area
30.18 cm2
Average Weight
≤ 86 mg/cm2
Thickness (without contacts)
150 ± 20 µm
Contact Metallization Thickness (Ag/Au)
4 – 10 µm
Grid Design
Grid system with 2 contact pads
Electrical Data
BOL
2,5E14
5E14
1E15
Average Open Circuit Voc
[mV]
2700
2616
2564
2522
Average Short Circuit Isc
[mA]
520.2
518.5
514.0
501.9
Voltage at max. Power Vmp
[mV]
2411
2345
2290
2246
[mA]
504.4
503.2
500.6
486.6
Average Efficiency ŋbare (1367 W/m )
[%]
29.5
28.6
27.8
26.5
Average Efficiency ŋbare (1353 W/m2)
[%]
29.8
28.9
28.1
Current at max. Power Imp
2
Standard: CASOLBA 2005 (05-20MV1, etc); Spectrum: AMO WRC = 1367 W/m2; T = 28 °C
26.8
@fluence 1MeV [e/cm2]
Acceptance Values
Voltage Vop
2350 mV
Min. average current Iop avg @ Vop
505 mA
Min. individual current Iop min @ Vop
475 mA
Temperature Gradients
BOL
2,5E14
5E14
1E15
Open Circuit Voltage
ΔVoc /ΔT↑
[mV/°C]
- 6.2
- 6.5
- 6.6
- 6.7
Short Circuit Current
ΔIsc /ΔT↑
[mA/°C]
0.36
0.33
0.35
0.38
Voltage at max. Power
ΔVmp/ΔT↑
[mV/°C]
- 6.7
- 6.8
- 7.1
- 7.2
Current at max. Power
ΔImp/ΔT↑
[mA/°C]
0.24
0.20
0.24
0.28
@fluence 1MeV [e/cm2]
Threshold Values
Absorptivity
≤ 0.91 (with CMX 100 AR)
Pull Test
> 1.6 N at 45° welding test (with 12.5µm Ag stripes)
Status
Qualified
Issue date:
2016-08-19
DB 0003429-01-01
Page 2 of 2
Copyright © 2010 AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH
AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH
Theresienstr. 2
74072 Heilbronn
phone: +49 7131 67 2603
telefax: +49 7131 67 2727
e-mail: info@azurspace.com
website: www.azurspace.com
3G30C - Advanced
Design and Mechanical Data
Certified Company
ISO 9001
ISO 14001
OHSAS 18001
10
This cell type is an InGaP/GaAs/Ge on Ge substrate triple junction solar cell (efficiency class
30% advanced). The cell has an improved grid-design and is equipped with an integrated
bypass diode, which protects the adjacent cell in the string. The advanced version of the 3G30C
offers best EOL-values.
80±0.1
46.75±0.2
7±0.2
40±0.1
Bypass diode
13.5±0.1
13.5±0.1
3G30C - Advanced
30% Triple Junction GaAs Solar Cell
Type: TJ Solar Cell 3G30C - Advanced
Best in Class EOL-Values!
Front side contact pads
16±0.2
36.5±0.2
57±0.2
Issue date:
2016-08-19
DB 0003384-01-02
Page 1 of 2
Copyright © 2010 AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH
AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH
Theresienstr. 2
74072 Heilbronn
phone: +49 7131 67 2603
telefax: +49 7131 67 2727
e-mail: info@azurspace.com
website: www.azurspace.com
Certified Company
ISO 9001
ISO 14001
OHSAS 18001
11
30% Triple Junction GaAs Junction Solar Cell
Type: TJ Solar Cell 3G30C - Advanced
Base Material
GaInP/GaAs/Ge on Ge substrate
AR-coating
TiOx/Al2O3
Dimensions
40 x 80 mm ± 0.1 mm
Cell Area
30.18 cm2
Average Weight
≤ 86 mg/cm2
Thickness (without contacts)
150 ± 20 µm
Contact Metallization Thickness (Ag/Au)
4 – 10 µm
Grid Design
Grid system with 3 contact pads
Electrical Data
BOL
2,5E14
5E14
1E15
Average Open Circuit Voc
[mV]
2700
2616
2564
2522
Average Short Circuit Isc
[mA]
520.2
518.5
514.0
501.9
Voltage at max. Power Vmp
[mV]
2411
2345
2290
2246
[mA]
504.4
503.2
500.6
486.6
Average Efficiency ŋbare (1367 W/m )
[%]
29.5
28.6
27.8
26.5
Average Efficiency ŋbare (1353 W/m2)
[%]
29.8
28.9
28.1
Current at max. Power Imp
2
Standard: CASOLBA 2005 (05-20MV1, etc); Spectrum: AMO WRC = 1367 W/m2; T = 28 °C
26.8
@fluence 1MeV [e/cm2]
Acceptance Values
Voltage Vop
2350 mV
Min. average current Iop avg @ Vop
505 mA
Min. individual current Iop min @ Vop
475 mA
Shadow protection
Vforward (620 mA) ≤ 2.5 V
Ireverse (2.8 V) ≤ 100 µA
Integrated protection diode
T = 25°C ± 3°C
Temperature Gradients
Open Circuit Voltage
Short Circuit Current
BOL
2E14
5E14
1E15
ΔVoc /ΔT↑
[mV/°C]
- 6.2
- 6.5
- 6.6
- 6.7
ΔIsc /ΔT↑
[mA/°C]
0.36
0.33
0.35
0.38
Voltage at max. Power
ΔVmp/ΔT↑
[mV/°C]
- 6.7
- 6.8
- 7.1
- 7.2
Current at max. Power
ΔImp/ΔT↑
[mA/°C]
0.24
0.20
0.24
0.28
@fluence 1MeV [e/cm2]
Threshold Values
Absorptivity
≤ 0.91 (with CMX 100 AR)
Pull Test
> 1.6 N at 45° welding test (with 12.5µm Ag stripes)
Status
Qualified
Issue date:
2016-08-19
DB 0003384-01-02
Page 2 of 2
Copyright © 2010 AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH
AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH
Theresienstr. 2
74072 Heilbronn
phone: +49 7131 67 2603
telefax: +49 7131 67 2727
e-mail: info@azurspace.com
website: www.azurspace.com
3G30C - Advanced
Design and Mechanical Data
Certified Company
ISO 9001
ISO 14001
OHSAS 18001
12
DATASHEET
APRIL 2018
The World Leader in
Space Power Solutions
Over 3.5 million flight solar cells delivered!
ZTJ Space Solar Cell
3rd Generation Triple-Junction Solar Cell for Space Applications
29.5%
Minimum Average Efficiency
2 per 4" Wafer
1 per 4" Wafer
2 per 6" Wafer
Space Qualified & Characterized to the
AIAA-S111-2005 & AIAA-S112-2005 Standards
ZTJ BARE SOLAR
CELL FORM FACTORS
FEATURES & CHARACTERISTICS
• 3rd generation triple-junction (ZTJ) InGaP/InGaAs/Ge Solar Cells with n-on-p polarity
• Solar cell mass of 84 mg/cm2
• Fully space-qualified with proven large volume manufacturing and flight heritage
• Excellent radiation resistance with P/Po = 0.90 @ 1-MeV, 5E14 e/cm2 fluence
• Compatible with corner-mounted silicon bypass diode for individual cell reverse bias protection
• Excellent mechanical strength for reduced attrition during assembly and
laydown
• Weldable or solderable contacts
ZTJ Solar Cell Structure
• Custom sizes available
• Available as a Coverglass Interconnected Cell (CIC) for integration onto solar panels
© 2018 SolAero Technologies Corp
P
+1 505.332.5000
E
info@solaerotech.com
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13
DATASHEET
APRIL 2018
ZTJ Space Solar Cell
3rd Generation Triple-Junction Solar Cell for Space Applications
Typical ZTJ Illuminated I-V Plot
Cell Area Ranges from 20 cm2 to 73 cm2
Current Density (mA/cm2 )
0
ZTJ CICs
(Coverglass Interconnected Cells)
-4
One-Sun, Air-Mass Zero (AMO) @28°C
-8
-12
-16
-20
0
0.5
1
Temperature Coefficients
Typical Performance Data
Fluence
(e/cm2)
Electrical Parameters @ AM0 (135.3 mW/cm2)
Voc
(mV/˚C)
1.5
2
2.5
3
Voltage (V)
Jsc(1)
Jmp(2)
(µA/cm2-˚C) (µA/cm2-˚C)
Vmp
(mv/°C)
Pmp
(µW/cm2 - ˚C)
BOL Efficiency at Maximum Power Point
29.5%
0
-6.3
11.7
9.1
-6.7
-85.7
Voc (V)
2.726
1.00 E+ 14
-6.6
11.4
9.1
-7.0
-92.3
Jsc (mA/cm )
17.4
1.00 E+ 15
-6.9
11.3
10.6
-7.3
-89.9
Vmp (V)
2.41
1.00 E+ 16
-7.4
11.5
13.4
-6.6
-57.2
2
Jmp (mA/cm2)
(1) Jsc is the symbol for normalized Isc (2) Jmp is the symbol for normalized Imp
16.5
Radiation Performance at 1 MeV Electron Irradiation, EOL/BOL Ratios
Fluence (e/cm2)
Voc
Isc
Vmp
Imp
Pmp(1)
3.00 E+ 13
0.96
0.99
0.98
0.99
0.99
1.00 E+ 14
0.95
0.98
0.97
0.99
0.96
5.00 E+ 14
0.91
0.97
0.93
0.96
0.90
1.00 E+ 15
0.89
0.94
0.91
0.94
0.85
3.00 E+ 15
0.86
0.89
0.87
0.86
0.75
1.00 E + 16
0.82
0.82
0.83
0.74
0.62
(1) Per AIAA-S-111 Standards
Key Space Qualification Results
Test Performed
Metal Contact Thickness
Dark Current Degradation after reverse bias
Electrical Performance after 2,000 thermal cycles
-180°C to +95°C
Contact Pull Strength
Electrical Performance Degradation after 40 day humidity exposure at 60°C and 95% relative humidity
© 2018 SolAero Technologies Corp
Industry Quality Standard
Typical Test Results
4-8 µm
6 µm
∆Ispec<2%
<0.4%
<2%
No Change
>300 grams
>600 grams
<1.5%
No measurable difference
P
+1 505.332.5000
E
info@solaerotech.com
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14
PRELIMINARY DATASHEET
APRIL 2018
The World Leader in
Space Power Solutions
Over 3.5 million flight solar cells delivered!
IMM-α Space Solar Cell
Highest Efficiency Space Solar Cell in Production
32.0%
Minimum Average Efficiency
Space Qualification & Characterization to the
AIAA-S111-2014 standards in progress
IMM-α CIC
(Coverglass Interconnected Cell)
FEATURES & CHARACTERISTICS
• Inverted metamorphic n-on-p solar cell
• 180 µm thickness on rigid carrier substrate
• Solar cell mass of 49 mg/cm2 which represents a 42% reduction as compared to the ZTJ solar cell
• Radiation hardened design @ 1-MeV, 1E15 e-/cm2 fluence P/Po = 0.87 (ECSS post-radiation annealing)
• ~3% absolute remaining factor advantage versus ZTJ in charged proton environments with proton fluences equivalent to ~5e14 e-/cm2 to 1e15 e-/cm2, 1-MeV electrons
• Compatible with corner-mounted silicon bypass diode for individual cell reverse bias protection
• Excellent mechanical strength for reduced attrition during assembly and laydown
• Weldable or solderable contacts
• Custom sizes available
© 2018 SolAero Technologies Corp
P
+1 505.332.5000
E
info@solaerotech.com
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15
PRELIMINARY DATASHEET
APRIL 2018
IMM-α Space Solar Cell
Highest Efficiency Space Solar Cell in Production
BOL Performance
Typical Parameters @ AM0 (135.3 mW/cm2), 28°C
Typical Values
BOL Efficiency at Maximum Power Point (%)
32.0
Voc (V)
4.78
Jsc (mA/cm2)
10.66
Vmp (V)
4.28
Jmp (mA/cm2)
10.12
EOL Remaining Factors after exposure to 1-MeV Electron Irradiation
Annealed to ECSS-E-ST-20-08C Rev.1 post-radiation annealing procedure
Fluence (e-/cm2)
Voc
Jsc
Vmp
Jmp
Pmp
5e14
0.92
0.99
0.93
0.98
0.91
1e15
0.90
0.97
0.89
0.98
0.87
5e15
0.84
0.87
0.84
0.85
0.71
Temperature Coefficients
BOL & EOL (1 MeV electron irradiation)
Fluence (e-/cm2)
Voc (mV/˚C)
Jsc (µA/cm2/˚C)
Vmp (mv/°C)
Jmp (µA/cm2 /˚C)
BOL
-10.5
9.8
-11.2
6.7
5e14
-11.7
9.9
-12.5
5.2
1e15
-11.9
9.7
-12.0
3.3
5e15
-12.5
9.0
-12.8
7.6
*Projected temperature coefficients based upon data for similar materials and device structures
IMM-αCIC Mass
Coverglass Thickness (mil)
CIC Mass (mg/cm2)
2
70.6
3
76.9
4
83.3
6
96.0
© 2017 SolAero Technologies Corp
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16
SPECTROLAB
A BOEING COMPANY
29.5% NeXt Triple Junction (XTJ) Solar Cells
Features
 Small and large cell sizes offered for optimum packing factor






and cost competitiveness
Geostationary Orbit (GEO) mission qualified
29.5% efficiency (min. average @ max power, 28°C, AM0)
29.3% efficiency (min. average @ load, 28°C, AM0)
Discrete Si bypass diode protection
Available as CIC assembly (Cell-Interconnect-Coverglass
with diode) for ease of integration or delivered on
completed solar panels (see Panel Data Sheet)
Also qualified as large area cell/CIC (59.65cm2)
Cells shown with interconnects, coverglass, and bypass diode
Key Qualification Results
 Qualified in accordance with AIAA-S111-2005
 Completed 2,000 GEO qualification cycles, including
Combined Effects Test
Product Description
Heritage
Substrate
Germanium
 More than 2.6 million multi-junction cells delivered
Solar Cell Structure
GaInP2/GaAs/Ge
 More than 820 kW of multi-junction arrays on orbit
Method
Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy
 1 MW annual capacity - cells and panels
Device Design
Monolithic, two terminal triple junction.
n/p GaInP2, GaAs, and Ge solar cells
interconnected with two tunnel
junctions
 On orbit performance for multi-junction solar cells
Standard Sizes
26.62cm2 and 59.65cm2 are common
standard sizes; other sizes available
Intellectual Property
Assembly Method
Welded
CIC Assembly
Coverglass thickness range from 3 mils
to 30 mils with various coatings.
Interconnects available with either
out-of-plane or in-plane stress relief
© 2012 Spectrolab, Inc All Rights Reserved –Updated 9/28/12
validated to ± 1.5% of ground test results
This product is protected by Spectrolab’s portfolio of patents
including the following:
 6,150,603
 6,255,580
 6,380,601
 7,119,271
 7,126,052
Specifications Subject to Change Without Notice
Spectrolab, Inc. 12500 Gladstone Avenue, Sylmar, California 91342 USA
● Phone 818.365.4611 ● FAX: 818.361.5102 Website: .www.spectrolab.com
17
SPECTROLAB
A BOEING COMPANY
29.5% NeXt Triple Junction (XTJ) Solar Cells
Typical Electrical Parameters
Typical IV Characteristic
(AM0 (135.3 mW/cm²) 28°C, Bare Cell)
AM0 (135.3 mW/cm²) 28°C, Bare Cell
Jsc= 17.76 mA/cm²
Jmp= 17.02 mA/cm²
20
18
Voc= 2.633 V
16
Current (mA/cm²)
Jload min avg= 17.14 mA/cm²
Vmp= 2.348 V
Vload= 2.310 V
Cff= 0.85
Effload= 29.3%
Effmp= 29.5%
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
Radiation Degradation
1
3
Voltage (V)
(Fluence 1MeV Electrons/cm2)
1x1014
5x1014
1x1015
Imp/Imp0
1.00
0.99
0.95
Vmp/Vmp0
0.94
0.91
0.89
Pmp/Pmp0
0.95
0.90
0.85
A/R*
Thermal Properties
Solar Absorptance= 0.90 (5 mil CMG/AR, 0.88 for bare cell)
Emittance (Normal)= 0.85 (Ceria Doped Microsheet)
Weight
84 mg/ cm² (Bare) @ 140 µm (5.5 mil) Ge wafer thickness
Contact
A/R*
Top Cell: GaInP2
Drawing Not To Scale
Parameters
2
Tunnel Junction
Middle Cell: GaAs
Tunnel Junction
Bottom Cell: Ge
Ge Substrate
Temperature Coefficients (15°C - 75°C)
(Fluence 1MeV Electrons/cm2)
Parameters
BOL
5x1014
1x1015
Jmp (µA/cm²/°C)
6.6
10.0
13.2
Jsc (µA/cm²/°C)
11.6
10.9
11.9
Vmp (mV/°C)
-6.5
-6.8
-6.9
Voc (mV/°C)
-5.8
-6.5
-6.6
Contact
*A/R: Anti-Reflective Coating
The information contained on this sheet is for reference
only. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Revised 5/20/20 10
© 2010 Spectrolab, Inc All Rights Reserved
Spectrolab, Inc. 12500 Gladstone Avenue, Sylmar, California 91342 USA
● Phone 818.365.4611 ● FAX: 818.361.5102 Website: .www.spectrolab.com
18