LEGAL LATIN
Latin words and expressions are still relatively common in the legal profession. Lawyers use Latin
words and expressions when writing legal texts of every kind from statutes to emails.
ad hoc /æd ˈhɒk/ - made or happening only for a particular purpose or need, not planned before it
happens; for this purpose. – Ro: special, numai pentru cazul acesta, numai pentru un anumit scop
We deal with problems on an ad hoc basis (= as they happen).
Unfortunately, we deal with problems ad hoc.
et alii /et ˈæli-iː/ (et al. /ˌet ˈæl/) - and others. It is used in formal writing to avoid a long list of
names of people who have written something together – Ro: şi alţii
The method is described in an article by Feynman et al.
The exhibition will include works from Picasso, Pollock, Warhol, et al.
et cetera /etˈsetərə/ abbreviation etc. - and other things of the same kind.
The summer camp offers many outdoor activities for kids such as fishing, hiking, canoeing, etc.
exempli gratia (e.g.) - a Latin phrase that means "for example". It can be pronounced as
"e.g." /iːˈdʒiː/ or "for example". Ro: de exemplu
You should eat more food that contains a lot of fibre, e.g. fruit, vegetables, and bread.
id est (i.e. /ˌaɪˈiː/) - used to mean "that is" before you give a more detailed explanation about
something that you have just written. – Ro: cu alte cuvinte, adică
The price must be more realistic, i.e. lower.
The hotel is closed during the off season, i.e., from October to March.
per se /ˌpɜː ˈseɪ/ - On its own, or all alone; by or of itself. – Ro: ca atare, în sine
Research shows that it is not divorce per se that harms children, but the continuing conflict between
parents.
sic /sɪk/ - used after a word to indicate the original, usually incorrect, spelling or grammar in a sentence
or text (you know it has been spelled or used wrongly). – Ro: întocmai, sic
The notice outside the office said "Closed on Wedensday" (sic).
We had seen several signs that said ‘ORANGE’S (sic) FOR SALE'.
versus /ˈvɜːsəs/ (written abbreviation v. British English, vs. American English) - used to compare
two things or ideas, especially when you have to choose between them. – Ro: contra, împotriva
Economists were forecasting another sharp decline in the dollar versus the euro before year end.
The judge agreed with the decision in White versus Illinois.
de facto /ˌdeɪ ˈfæktəʊ/ - really existing, even if there is no formal legal document etc. to prove it.
Prior to the Companies Act 1976, resignation would have constituted a de facto breach of contract.
He's her de facto husband though they're not actually married.
de jure /diː ˈdʒʊəri, deɪ ˈdʒʊəreɪ/ recognized and supported by law. – Ro: de drept, de jure, potrivit legii
The country has de facto independence now, and it will soon be recognized de jure by the
world's governments.
Many recognized him as president de jure, if not de facto.
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Testis unus, testis nullus - A single witness or other evidence to an event is insufficient to establish
that the event truly happened.
ipso facto /ˌɪp.səʊ ˈfæk.təʊ/ - by this fact, or the fact itself shows this to be true, “by the fact itself”. –
Ro: prin însuși acest lucru, prin însuși acest fapt, chiar prin aceasta
You admit you fired the gun and we now know that the shot killed the victim so you are, ipso
facto, responsible for his death.
ipso jure /ˌɪp·soʊ ˈdʒʊə.reɪ/ - by the operation of the law. – Ro: prin însăși legea, prin acțiunea legii
A phrase used to describe legal consequences that arise by the mere operation of law. For example,
an existing will is usually revoked ipso jure if the testator marries after executing it.
Contracts that establish partnerships sometimes provide that the partnership is ipso jure dissolved if
one partner attempts to sell his or her interest in the partnership.
in flagrante delicto /ɪn fləˌɡræn.teɪ dəˈlɪk.təʊ/ - caught in the act of committing a crime. –
Ro: în flagrant delict
She returns home early to find her husband in flagrante delicto with a neighbour.
locus standi /ləʊ.kəs ˈstænd.aɪ/ plural loci standi /ˌləʊ.saɪ ˈstænd.aɪ/ - the right to be heard in a court;
the right or ability to bring a legal action to a court of law, or to appear in a court. – Ro: "loc de stat"
Exprima
dreptul
de
a
fi
ascultat
(audiat)
de
catre
instanta
de
judecata.
http://www.euroavocatura.ro/dictionar/4499/Locus_standi
A foreign government which has not been recognized by the UK government has no locus standi in the
English courts.
It may give them a locus standi in the courts.
bona fide /bəʊ.nə ˈfaɪ.di/ - in good faith, legal or honest. – Ro: de bună credinţă
Because the man had lied about having a medical degree, he was not a bona fide doctor.
ab initio /ab ɪˈnɪʃiəʊ/ - from the beginning. – Ro: de la început
In view of these omissions, the proceedings to recover possession fail ab initio.
mala in se /ma-lə-in-ˈsē/- An act, such as murder, which is a crime in itself.
Certain methods and weapons are traditionally considered to be 'mala in se', i.e. evil in themselves.
in loco parentis /ɪn ˌləʊkəʊ pəˈrentɪs/- Acting in place of a parent, in the place of a parent.
The staff have a position of trust; they stand in loco parentis to all the children for whom they are
responsible.
Divine right is the doctrine that the king stands toward his people in loco parentis.
inter alia /ˌɪntər ˈeɪliə, -ˈɑːliə/- among other things. – Ro: printre altele
The paper discussed, inter alia, political, economic, and social issues.
per annum /pər ˈænəm/ - for each year. – Ro: pe an, anual
Average earnings are around ￡20 000 per annum.
pro forma /ˌprəʊ ˈfɔːmə/ - as a matter of form. If something is approved, accepted etc. pro forma, this
is part of the usual way of doing things and does not involve any actual choice or decision
I enclose a pro forma for you to complete, sign and return.
It was merely a pro forma meeting; the real business had already been discussed.
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pro rata /prəʊ ˈrɑːtə, proʊ ˈreɪtə/ - proportionally; calculated according to, or as a share of,
the fixed rate for a larger total amount. – Ro: proporţional, în proporţie de, conform
Part-timers should also get the same benefits as full-timers but on a pro-rata basis.
They may get a pro rata refund for the holiday they lost out on.
quorum /ˈkwɔːrəm/ - the smallest number of people needed to be present at a meeting before it
can officially begin and before official decisions can be taken – Ro: număr necesar de membri,
cvorum
If a quorum is not present, the meeting must be adjourned.
How many members make a quorum?
sui juris /ˈsjuːaɪ ˈdʒʊərɪs/ - in one's own right, having full legal rights or capacity. – Ro: Sui iuris, în
mod obișnuit, scris și sui juris, este o expresie latină care înseamnă literal "de propriul drept".
Taxpayer is and at all times was a natural person, sui juris, and a citizen and a resident of North
Carolina.
ultra vires /ˌʌltrə ˈvaɪriːz/ - beyond legal or official powers of a person or a body. – Ro: expresie latină
care înseamnă literalmente "dincolo de puteri"
Ultra vires doctrine has shown the tendency of decline in the course of legislation and judicial
practice.
Acts of Parliament can never be ultra vires (beyond the powers of Parliament) because the Queen in
Parliament is the supreme power within the state.
videlicet (viz.) /vəˈdiːləset/ - used, especially in written English, when you want to give
more detail or be more exact about something you have just written. – Ro: adică, și anume, cu alte
cuvinte
We both shared the same ambition, viz., to make a lot of money and to retire at 40.
https://educalingo.com/ro/dic-en/ultra-vires
https://sentencedict.com/ultra%20vires.html
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