© Antoine Faissal MAMMALS AT FIRST SIGHT DISCOVER LEBANESE WILD MAMMALS THIS WORK WAS CONDUCTED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PROJECT ENTITLED “DECIPHERING MULTIDIMENSIONAL BIODIVERSITY WEBS OF INTERACTIONS BEHIND THE SUCCESS OF ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION” FUNDED BY THE US EMBASSY AND JOUZOUR LOUBNAN ASSOCIATION. The principal aim of this work is the identification of the Fauna of Lebanon for the purpose of wildlife conservation and protection. The conservation status of the species in this booklet follow the IUCN criteria. IUCN “The International Union for Conservation of Nature” developed a red list of species based on precise, quantifiable criteria. The IUCN Red List is a critical indicator of the health of the world’s biodiversity as well as its threat level. The eleven Red List Categories are as follows: Extinct (EX) Extinct in the wild (EW) Regionally Extinct (RE) Threatened categories Adequate data Critically Endangered (CE) Endangered (EN) Extinction risk Vulnerable (VU) Evaluated Eligible for Regional assessment Near Threatened (NT) Leasy Concern (LC) Data Deficient (DD) All species Not Applicable (NA) Not Evaluated (NE) The IUCN status of most mammals are listed under LC. However, in Lebanon, most species are listed as threatened under the same criteria. The distribution maps used in this booklet are extracted from: Version 2018-2. http://www.iucnredlist.org Canis aureus CHACAL DORÉ GOLDEN JACKAL ابن آوى الذهبي ORDER Carnivora © thinglink.com FAMILY GENUS Canidae FOOTPRINT SPECIES Canis C. aureus FECES SKULL 1 cm WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 8 - 10 KG HEIGHT 70 - 85 cm GESTATION PERIOD Extant NE DD LC least concern Extinct 60 - 63 days EX TYPICAL LIFESPAN 8 years FOOD HABITS OMNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS PLANT FOODS Birds • Mammals Amphibians • Reptiles Fish • Eggs Carrion • Insects Fruits Canis lupus LOUP GRAY WOLF ذئب © wikipedia.org ORDER FAMILY Carnivora GENUS Canidae FOOTPRINT SPECIES Canis C. lupus FECES SKULL DISTRIBUTION 1 cm Extant Extinct WEIGHT HEIGHT GESTATION PERIOD TYPICAL LIFESPAN 23 - 80 KG 60 -130 CM 60 - 63 DAYS 5 - 13 YEARS NE DD LC least concern FOOD HABITS NT VU EN CR EW CARNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS Mammals • Carrion EX Vulpes vulpes RENARD ROUX RED FOX ثعلب أحمر ORDER Carnivora © pixabay.com FAMILY GENUS Canidae FOOTPRINT SPECIES Vulpes V. vulpes FECES SKULL WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 3 - 14 KG HEIGHT 45 - 90 cm GESTATION PERIOD Extant NE DD LC least concern Introduced 49 - 55 days EX TYPICAL LIFESPAN 3 years FOOD HABITS OMNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS PLANT FOODS Birds • Mammals Reptiles • Carrion Insects • Fish Terrestrial non-insect arthropods Fruits Erinaceus concolor HÉRISSON ORIENTAL SOUTHERN WHITE BREASTED HEDGEHOG قنفذ © wildlifeonline.me.uk / hedgehoglove.weebly.com ORDER Erinaceomorpha FAMILY FOOTPRINT SPECIES GENUS Erinaceidae E. concolor Erinaceus FECES SKULL WEIGHT 0.1 - 1.2 KG DISTRIBUTION HEIGHT 20 - 30 cm GESTATION PERIOD 30 - 40 dayS TYPICAL LIFESPAN 2 - 5 years Extant NE DD LC least concern NT VU EN CR EW FOOD HABITS OMNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS PLANT FOODS Small invertebrates Small vertebrates Fruits Vegetables EX Hemiechinus auritus HÉRISSON OREILLARD LONG-EARED HEDGEHOG قنفذ طويل األذن ORDER Erinaceomorpha © ida2at.com FAMILY GENUS Erinaceidae FOOTPRINT Hemiechinus FECES SPECIES H. auritus SKULL 1 cm WEIGHT 0.5 KG HEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 12 - 27 cm GESTATION PERIOD 39 dayS TYPICAL LIFESPAN 6.8 YEARS (CAPTIVITY) Extant NE DD LC least concern NT VU EN FOOD HABITS CR EW EX OMNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS PLANT FOODS Small inverterbrates • Eggs • Reptiles • Insects Fruits • Vegetables Caracal caracal LYNX DESERT LYNX عناق األرض © arkive.org / backyardnature.net ORDER FAMILY Carnivora GENUS Felidae FOOTPRINT SPECIES Caracal C. caracal FECES SKULL 4 cm WEIGHT 8 - 19 KG HEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 80 - 125 CM GESTATION PERIOD 68 - 81 DAYS TYPICAL LIFESPAN 12 YEARS Extant NE DD LC least concern FOOD HABITS NT VU EN CR EW CARNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS Birds • Mammals • Reptiles EX Felis silvestris CHAT SAUVAGE WILD CAT قط بري © commons.wikimedia.org ORDER Carnivora FAMILY GENUS Felidae FOOTPRINT SPECIES Felis F. silvestris FECES SKULL WEIGHT 3 - 5 KG HEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 40 - 90 cm GESTATION PERIOD 60 - 70 days TYPICAL LIFESPAN 15 years Extant NE DD LC least concern FOOD HABITS NT VU EN CR EW CARNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS Birds • Mammals • Reptiles • Carrion Insects • Terrestrial non-insect arthropods EX Herpestes ichneumon MANGOUSTE ICHNEUMON EGYPTIAN MONGOOSE نمس مصري ORDER Carnivora © earth.com / mainlymongoose.blogspot.com FAMILY GENUS Herpestidae FOOTPRINT SPECIES Herpestes H. ichneumon FECES SKULL 1 cm WEIGHT 1.7 - 4 kg DISTRIBUTION HEIGHT 48 - 60 cm GESTATION PERIOD 74 days TYPICAL LIFESPAN 12 years Extant NE DD LC least concern FOOD HABITS NT VU EN CR EW OMNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS Birds • Mammals • Amphibians • Reptiles • Eggs Insects • Terrestrial non-insect arthropods PLANT FOODS Fruits EX Hyaena hyaena HYÈNE RAYÉE STRIPED HYAENA ضبع مخطط © einfon.com / 4.bp.blogspot.com ORDER FAMILY Carnivora FOOTPRINT SPECIES GENUS Hyaenidae H. hyaena Hyaena FECES SKULL DISTRIBUTION 5 cm Extant WEIGHT HEIGHT GESTATION PERIOD TYPICAL LIFESPAN 25 - 45 KG 70 - 90 cm 90 days 12 YEARS NE DD LC NT near threatened VU EN CR EW FOOD HABITS OMNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS PLANT FOODS Birds • Mammals • Rodents Reptiles • Insects • Carrion Fruits EX Hystrix indica PORC-ÉPIC INDIEN INDIAN CRESTED PORCUPINE الشيهم المتوَّ ج ُ الهندي ORDER Rodentia © commons.wikimedia.org FAMILY GENUS Hystricidae FOOTPRINT SPECIES Hystrix H. indica FECES SKULL 1 cm WEIGHT 11 - 18 KG HEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 70 - 90 CM GESTATION PERIOD 113 DAYS TYPICAL LIFESPAN 27 YEARS (CAPTIVITY) Extant NE DD LC least concern FOOD HABITS NT VU EN CR EW HERBIVORE PLANT FOODS Roots • Tubers EX Lepus capensis LIEVRE DU CAP CAPE HARE أرنب الصحراء البري ORDER Lagomorpha © naturephotos.dk FAMILY GENUS Leporidae FOOTPRINT SPECIES Lepus L. capensis FECES SKULL WEIGHT 4 - 5 kg HEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 52 - 59.5 cm GESTATION PERIOD 40 days TYPICAL LIFESPAN Extant NE DD LC least concern FOOD HABITS 1 - 5 years Introduced NT VU EN CR EW HERBIVORE PLANT FOODS Leaves • Wood • Bark • Stems • Seeds Grains • Nuts • Flowers • Lichens EX Martes foina FOUINE BEECH MARTEN خز الزان © destentor.nl ORDER Carnivora FAMILY FOOTPRINT SPECIES GENUS Mustelidae M. foina Martes FECES SKULL WEIGHT 1.1 - 2.3 KG HEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 40 - 54 cm GESTATION PERIOD 230 - 275 days TYPICAL LIFESPAN 3 years Extant NE DD LC least concern NT VU EN FOOD HABITS CR EW OMNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS PLANT FOODS Birds • Mammals • Amphibians • Eggs • Carrion Insects • Terrestrial non-insect arthropods Fruits EX Meles meles BLAIREAU EURASIAN BADGER غرير © animalsadda.com ORDER Carnivora FAMILY FOOTPRINT SPECIES GENUS Mustelidae M. meles Meles FECES SKULL WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 6.6 -16.7 KG HEIGHT 56 - 90 cm GESTATION PERIOD Extant NE DD LC least concern EX 270 - 360 days TYPICAL LIFESPAN 6 years FOOD HABITS OMNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS PLANT FOODS Birds • Mammals Amphibians • Reptiles Fish • Carrion Insects • Mollusks Terrestrial worms Roots • Tubers Seeds • Grains Nuts • Fruits Mellivora capensis RATEL HONEY BADGER غرير العسل ORDER Carnivora © flickr.com / wildlifepartnership.co.uk FAMILY GENUS Mustelidae FOOTPRINT SPECIES Mellivora M. capensis FECES SKULL 3 cm WEIGHT 8 - 12 kg DISTRIBUTION HEIGHT 60 - 70 cm GESTATION PERIOD 50 - 70 days TYPICAL LIFESPAN 7 - 8 years Extant NE DD LC least concern NT VU FOOD HABITS EN CR EW OMNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS Birds • Mammals • Amphibians • Reptiles • Insects Eggs carrion • Terrestrial non-insect arthropods PLANT FOODS Roots • Tubers • Fruits EX Mustela nivalis BELETTE D’EUROPE LEAST WEASEL ابن عرس © https://et.wikipedia.org ORDER Carnivora FAMILY GENUS Mustelidae FOOTPRINT SPECIES Mustela M. nivalis FECES SKULL WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 0.03 - 0.1 kg HEIGHT 19 cm GESTATION PERIOD 35 days Extant NE DD TYPICAL LIFESPAN LC EX least concern FOOD HABITS CARNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS Birds • Mammals • Amphibians • Reptiles Fish • Eggs • Carrion • Insects 1 - 2 years Vormela peregusna PUTOIS MARBRÉ MARBLED POLECAT فأر الخيل الرخامي ORDER © pinterest.com / alamy.com/ FAMILY Carnivora GENUS Mustelidae FOOTPRINT SPECIES Vormela V. peregusna FECES SKULL DISTRIBUTION 1 cm Extant WEIGHT HEIGHT GESTATION PERIOD TYPICAL LIFESPAN 0.3 - 0.8 KG 44 - 65 cm 56 - 327 days 9 years (captivity) NE DD LC if delayed implantation NT VU EN CR EW vulnerable FOOD HABITS CARNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS Birds • Mammals • Amphibians • Reptiles EX Procavia capensis DAMAN DE ROCHER CAPE HYRAX وبر الصخري ORDER Hyracoidae © dreamstime.com FAMILY GENUS Procaviidae FOOTPRINT SPECIES Procavia P. capensis FECES SKULL 1 cm WEIGHT 4 kg HEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 50 cm GESTATION PERIOD 180 - 240 days TYPICAL LIFESPAN 13 years Extant NE DD LC least concern FOOD HABITS NT VU EN CR EW HERBIVORE PLANT FOODS Leaves • Wood • Bark • Stems • Fruits EX Sciurus anomalus ÉCUREUIL DE PERSE CAUCASIAN SQUIRREL سنجاب ایراني ORDER © squirrel-attic.com / dogalhayat.org FAMILY Rodentia GENUS Sciuridae FOOTPRINT SPECIES Sciurus S. anomalus FECES SKULL 1 cm WEIGHT 0.5 KG HEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 20 - 30 cm GESTATION PERIOD 39 - 44 days TYPICAL LIFESPAN Extant NE DD LC least concern FOOD HABITS NT 7 years VU EN CR EW HERBIVORE PLANT FOODS Seeds • Grains • Nuts • Fruits EX Sus scrofa SANGLIER WILD BOAR خنزير بري © fillesdeuropeblog.wordpress.com ORDER Artiodactyla FAMILY GENUS Suidae FOOTPRINT SPECIES Sus S. scrofa FECES SKULL WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 66 - 272 KG HEIGHT 153 - 240 cm GESTATION PERIOD Extant NE DD LC least concern Reintroduced 108 - 120 days TYPICAL LIFESPAN EX 1 - 10 years FOOD HABITS OMNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS PLANT FOODS Birds • Mammals Amphibians • Reptiles Eggs • Carrion Insects • Terrestrial worms Roots • Tubers Seeds • Grains Nuts • Fruits Ursus arctos L’OURS BRUN BROWN BEAR الدب األسمر © zoochat.com / alamy.com/ ORDER FAMILY Carnivora GENUS Ursidae FOOTPRINT SPECIES Ursus U. arctos FECES SKULL 1 cm WEIGHT 80 - 600 kg DISTRIBUTION HEIGHT 100 - 280 cm GESTATION PERIOD Extant 180 - 266 days Extinct Possibly extant & vagrant (Non-breeding) NE DD LC least concern FOOD HABITS TYPICAL LIFESPAN EX 20 - 30 years in Lebanon OMNIVORE ANIMAL FOODS PLANT FOODS Mammals Fish Carrion Insects Roots • Tubers Seeds • Grains Nuts • Fruits Leaves THE LEBANESE FAUNA IS RICH AND DIVERSE IN MAMMALS. To date, there are 61 mammal species that have been described in Lebanon. These belong to 8 orders that include 23 families and 44 genera. In this booklet, 20 mammal species belonging to 12 families are described and presented by alphabetical order of family. The archeofaune of Lebanon included many extinct species, such as tigers, lions and several species of Cervidae. The major threats to wildlife in Lebanon are habitat loss and illegal hunting. However, wildlife faces a variety of other threats that include climate change, invasive exotic species, pollution, illegal trapping, and accidental deaths. The various mammal species play a major role in maintaining a diverse ecosystem. Not only they help stabilize ecosystems, they also constitute some of the main vectors for seed dispersal and pollination. Prepared by: Magda Bou Dagher Kharrat Rhea Kahale Carole Saliba Liliane Bou Khdoud Sayed Morcos For more info please visit: www.lebanon-fauna.org Edition 01 - Decembre 2018